









1^ ^. 
















A 




y*^1 




<Jv^ , -^ A^ ^^ 













^:-- *- 



x<^ /. 





















Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2010 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



http://www.archive.org/details/cubaOOques 



International Bureau of the American Republics, 



WASHINGTON, D. C, 
U. S. A.. 



CUBA 



^ 



PREPARED BY 

SENOR GONZALO DE QUESADA, 

Minister of Cuba to the United States of America, 

and 

Approved by the Cuban Government. 



NOVEMBER, 1905. 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1905. 



:s, 



^9 St 

i? 




I 



C L 



COMP 

"CHART "E'U.S. COAS 

Boundaries of pro^j 

do -Qiui^ 

Railroads -——-** 



Sc 

20 3( 



30 ♦O 50 60 70 




:s 






A.Hoe.n H Co Lith BoUunme,ATd, 



International Bureau of the American Republics, 



WASHINGTON, D. C, 
U. S. A. 



CUBA 



^^1 



"k. 



PREPARED BY 

SENOR GONZALO DE QUESADA, 

Minister of Cuba to the United States of America, 

and 

Approved by the Cuban Government. 



NOVEMBER, 1905. 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1905. 



"While the utmost care is taken to insure accuracy in the publications of 
the International Bureau of the American Republics, no responsibility is 
assumed on account of errors or inaccuracies which may occur therein. 



18 JAN 1906 
D. of 0, 



ip- 76^0 reufse^t 



J 



CONTENTS 



Page. 
Chapter I. Geographical sketch and area — Topography — Orography — 
Hydrography — Geology — Flora — Fauna— Climatology — Popu- 
lation — Vital statistics. . . .■ 5 

II. Government and constitutional organization — Citizenship — Com- 
mercial laws — Army and navy — Religion 17 

III. The city of Habana 39 

IV. Provinces — Geographical sketch of each — Resources — Popula- 

tion, etc 48 

V. Review of the agricultural wealth — Lands, their classification and 
value in the different provinces — Facilities for obtaining Govern- 
ment lands; laws governing same — Forest and forest products- 
Principal products, their cultivation, use, and disposition — Prin- 
cipal plants cultivated — Truck gardens — Size of farms and 

acreage of crops — Fruits and vegetables 65 

VI. Stock raising 105 

VII. Number and kinds of mines — Their exploitation — Product — 

Mining laws, etc 113 

VIII. Manufacturing and other industries — Development, production, 

laws governing taxes, etc 127 

IX. Commerce and navigation — Tariff and customs laws 135 

X. Money, banks and banking 230 

XI. Financial organization — Revenues, debt, etc 234 

XII. Means of communication 243 

XIII. Immigration ' 258 

XIV. History of education in Cuba — Laws and regulations — School 

systems in the Republic 267 

XV. Patent and trade-mark regulations 280 

XVI. Miscellaneous data; weights and measures, etc 309 

XVII. Bibliography and cartography 315 

Appendix. Constitution of the Republic of Cuba 513 

3 



CUBA. 



CHAPTER I. 

GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AND AREA — TOPOGRAPHY — OROG- 
RAPHY— HYDROGRAPHY — GEOLOGY— FLORA — FAUNA— CLIMA- 
TOLOGY— POPULATION— VITAL STATISTICS. 



GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AND AREA. 

Cuba is the largest, most populous, and westernmost of the Antilles. 
Shaped like the arc of a circle, with its convex side to the north, it 
extends from 74-85° west from Greenwich, and from 19°-40' to 23°-33' 
latitude north. It is about 100 miles from Florida, separated from it 
by the strait of the same name; to the east is Haiti, about 50 miles; on 
the south, Jamaica, 85 miles; on the west, the Yucatan Channel, about 
130 miles, which separates it from Mexico. Its length is about 730 
miles (1,594 kilometers), from Cape San Antonio to Cape Maisi. Its 
breadth differs, ranging from 160 miles (200 kilometers), in Oriente 
Province, to 22 miles (40 kilometers), in Habana Province. Its total 
area, including the Isle of Tines, is 45,883 square miles (118,832 square 
kilometers), of which Cuba occupies 43,319 square miles, the Isle of 
Pines 1,214, and the other islands and keys 1,350. Cuba is therefore 
larger than Portugal, Belgium, and the Netherlands, a little less in 
size than the State of Virginia, about the size of England, and some- 
what smaller than Pennsylvania. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

The north coast is for the most part bluff and rocky, and, in the 
Provinces of Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Camaguey, bordered by 
lines of islands and reefs of coral formation, the passages through 
which are extremely intricate and difficult. These islands are low, 
are in the main covered with mangrove forests, and contain few 
inhabitants. 

5 



6 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

The coast is low in the western part of the island, the bluffs ranging 
about 1,000 feet in height in Pinar del Rio and rising gradually east- 
ward. About Mantanzas they reach 500 feet in altitude. In Santa 
Clara and Camaguey they are lower, but in Oriente the coast is abrupt 
and rugged, almost mountainous, rising in a succession of terraces. 

The south coast from Cape Maisi to Cape Cruz is mountainous. 
Indeed, from Santiago westward to Cape Cruz the Sierra Maestra rises 
abruptly from the water to altitudes of several thousand feet. The 
shores of the Gulf of Buena Esperanza, into which flows the Rio Cauto, 
are low, and from this place westward, excepting a short stretch 
between Trinidad and Cienfuegos, the coast is low and marshy as far 
as Cape San Antonio, the westernmost point of the island. The coast 
strip of marsh is in the main narrow, but west of Cienfuegos it 
broadens into a great expanse, forming the Zapata Swamp, an almost 
impenetrable region 75 miles in length with a maximum breadth of 
fully 30 miles, clothed with the densest vegatation and teeming with 
tropical life. It was within the protecting limits of this marsh that 
the Cubans during the recent revolution maintained a hospital for their 
sick and wounded. 

Off the south coast are hundreds of low, marshy mangrove-covered 
islands and islets. 

Most of the harbors on both coasts are of peculiar shape, resembling 
nothing so much as pouches with narrow, often sinuous, entrances, 
opening within into broad expanses completelj^ sheltered. This is the 
character of the harbors of Bahia Honda, Cabanas, Habana, Santiago, 
Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, Nipe, and many others less known. 

OROGRAPHY. 

In its relief the island of Cuba is not a simple orographic unit, but 
presents great variety and irregularity, which render it incapable of 
simple description and generalization. The middle portion of the 
island, including the Provinces of Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, 
and Camaguey, presents little relief, but consists in the main of 
broad, undulating plains and shallow valleys, the land rising only in 
a few places to any considerable altitude. It is onl}'^ at the two 
extremes of the island, in the Province of Pinar del Rio, on the west, 
and Oriente, on the east, that the island presents any considerable or 
well-defined range of hills. Throughout Pinar del Rio there runs a 
range of hills, a little north of the middle line of the Province and 
closely paralleling in direction the northern coast. This range, which 
is fairly well defined, is known as the Cordillera de los Organos, or 
Organ Mountains, and rises in many places to altitudes exceeding 2,000 
feet, culminating in Pan de Guajaibon, having an altitude of 2,500 
feet. From the crest of this range the land descends northward and 



I 








f'^,....-^ .^ 






HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 7 

southward to the coast in long-, undulating slopes, the southward 
slopes forming the celebrated tobacco lands known as Vuelta Abajo. 

The central Provinces of Cuba — Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, 
and Camaguey — consist mainly of broadly rolling plains with shallow 
stream valleys. In Habana, Matanzas, and Santa Clara these plains 
are, or were prior to the late revolution, in a high state of cultivation, 
while in Camaguey they are in the main used for the grazing of cattle. 
The Valle}^ of the Yumuri, in Matanzas, is a type of the beautiful, 
highly cultivated region of this part of the island. 

The Sierra de los Organos ceases as a range a little west of Habana, 
but traces of this uplift can be followed through the central part of 
Habana Matanzas, Santa Clara, and the western part of Camague}^ in 
the form of lines of hills of no great altitude dotting these extended 
plains. They are seen south of the city of Habana in the little tim- 
bered hills known as the Tetas de Managua, and farther east in the 
Areas de Canasi, the Escaleras de Jaruco, and the Pan de Matanzas, 
just south of the city of Matanzas. This rises to an altitude of 1,300 
feet and serves as a landmark to sailors far out in the Atlantic. In 
the eastern part of Matanzas Province these hills disappear, but they 
reappear again in Santa Clara, taking the form of elongated crest and 
lines and flat top summits, and gfs such extend into the western part 
of the Province of Camaguey. 

In the southern part of the Province of Santa Clara is a group of 
rounded hills, occupying an area ■ between Cienf uegos, Trinidad, and 
Sancti Spiritus. The highest of these, Potrerillo, has an altitude of 
2,900 feet. Among these hills are many beautiful valleys. 

Oriente, at the other end of the island, is a Province presenting 
great relief. Its surface is extremely broken with high, sharp moun- 
tain ranges, broad plateaus of considerable elevation, and deep valleys, 
some of them broad, others narrow and resembling canyons. The 
dominating orographic feature of the Province — indeed of the whole 
island — is the Sierra Maestra, which, commencing at Cape Cruz, 
south of Manzanillo, extends eastward, closely paralleling the coast, 
from which it rises abruptly, as far east as the neighborhood of San- 
tiago. In this part it contains many points exceeding 5,000 feet in 
altitude and culminates in Pico Turquino, which is reputed to have an 
altitude of 8,320 feet. 

From Santiago it extends to the east end of the island, but is much 
more broken and has more of a plateau-like form, with a great dimi- 
nution in altitude. This portion of the range takes on a different 
name, being known as the Cobre Range. It contains numerous flat 
summits, approximating 3,000 feet in altitude, one of which, known 
as La Gran Piedra, is said to have an altitude of 3,300 feet. 

North of Sierra Maestra lies the broad and fertile valley of the 
Cauto, beyond which the country rises gradually to a high plateau, 



8 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

occupying the interior of the Province, with a summit elevation of 
1,000 feet or more, in which stands the city of Holguin. The eastern 
part of the Province consists of a maze of broken hills, with altitudes 
ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 feet, in which are many small and fertile 
valleys. 

The Isle of Pines, with an area of 840 square miles, is a municipal 
district of the Province of Habana. It is in effect two islands, con- 
nected by a marsh, the northern being somewhat broken by hills, the 
southern low, flat, and sandy. 

HYDROGRAPHY. 

The rivers of Cuba, though numerous, are short, and few of them 
are of any importance for navigation. The largest stream is the Rio 
Cauto, which heads in the Province of Oriente, on the north slopes of 
Sierra Maestra, and flows westward through a broad valley to its 
mouth in the Gulf of Buena Esperanza, after a course of about 
150 miles. This stream is navigable for light-draft boats to Cauto 
Embarcadero, about 60 miles south. 

Several other streams are navigable for a few miles above their 
mouth, but in most cases onl}'^ through what may be regarded as 
estuaries. 

GEOLOGY. 

The general geology of the island may be briefly stated as consisting 
of an older basement of pre-Tertiary sedimentary rocks in which 
Cretaceous and probably Jurassic fossils have been found. Above 
this there are, first, littoral beds composed of terrigenous material 
and then a great thickness of white limestone, consisting of organ- 
ically derived oceanic material, as distinguished from true reef rock 
of late Eocene and Oligocene age. The island was reclaimed from 
the sea and assumed its present relief by a great mountain-making 
movement in late Tertiary time, succeeding the deposition of these 
limestone. In later epochs. Pliocene and Pleistocene, the island 
underwent a series of epeirogenic subsidences and elevations which 
affected the coastal borders, producing the wave-cut cliffs and a margin 
of elevated reef rock, which borders the coast in many places, as can 
be recognized in the cities of Habana and Baracoa. So far as its 
history is known, the island has never been connected with the 
American mainland, although such has frequently been asserted to be 
the case. These assertions have been based upon the erroneous 
identification of certain vertebrate animal remains. There are no 
traces in the animal life of Cuba, past or present, which justify this 
conclusion. Some of the crystalline rocks may be ancient; but most 
of them are mid-Tertiary in age. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 9 

The most remarkable of the caves are those of Bellamar, of marvel- 
ous beauty, near Matanzas, visited by all tourists; in Camaguey, those 
of Cubitas, and in Oriente the one called Nueva del Negro, near Baire, 
are also noteworthy. 

FLORA. 

The surface of the Jsland is clad in a sumptuous floral mantle, which, 
from its abundance and beautj'^, first caused Cuba to be designated the 
Pearl of the Antilles. In addition to those introduced from abroad, 
over 3,360 native plants have been catalogued. Humboldt said: " We 
might believe the entire island was originally a forest of palms, wild 
limes, and orange trees." The flora includes nearly all the character- 
istic forms of the other West Indies, the southern part of Florida, 
and the Central American seaboard. Nearly all the large trees of the 
Mexican tierra caliente, so remarkable for their size, foliage, and 
fragrance, reappear in western Cuba. Over 30 species of palm, 
including the famous royal palm (oreodoxa regia), occur, while the 
pine tree, elsewhere characteristic of the Temperate Zone and the 
high altitudes of the Tropics, is found associated with palms and 
mahoganies in the Province of Pinar del Rio and the Isle of Pines, 
both of which take their name from this tree. 

Among other woods are the lignum-vitse, granadilla, cocoa, wood 
out of which reed instruments are made, mahogany, and cedrele 
odorata, which is used for cigar boxes and linings of cabinetwork. 

Although three hundred years of cultivation have exterminated the 
forest from the sugar lands of the center and west, it is estimated 
that in the hills of those districts and the mountains of the east nearly 
13,000,000 acres of uncleared forest remain. 

Rich and nutritious grasses are found throughout the island, afford- 
ing excellent forage for stock. The pineapples, manioc, sweet potato, 
and Indian corn are indigenous to the island. When the flora of 
Cuba is studied geographically it will doubtless be divided into several 
subdivisions. 

FAUNA. 

Throughout Cuba game is abundant; deer, though not native, have 
flourished and multiplied greatly. Rabbits are also plentiful. The 
will boar, so called, the wild dog, and the wild cat are simply domes- 
tic animals run wild, and are quite numerous in all parts of the island. 
Wild fowl, especially ducks and pigeons, abound, the former crossing 
from the Southern States during the winter season, while the latter 
remain in the island the year round. Pheasants, quail, snipe, wild 
turkeys, and wild guinea fowl are also numerous, with several varie- 
ties of game birds, such as the perdiz, tojosas, rabiches, and the 
guanaros. 



I 



10 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

The only distinctive native animal is the jutia or hutfa, rat-like in 
appearance, and black; it grows to a length of 16 to 18 inches, not 
including the tail. While eatable, it is not especially palatable. 

Cuba has more than 200 species of native birds, including those 
already mentioned as game birds, many possessing the most beautiful 
plumage, but those with song are rare. 

In swampy localities crocodiles and American alligators (caunans) 
are found, and although these frequently grow to an enormous size, 
but little attention is paid to them by the natives. 

Chameleons, small lizards, tree toads, and similar harmless Silurians 
of diminutive size are very common, while occasionally the iguana and 
other large varieties of the lizard species are seen. 

Few varieties of snakes exist in Cuba. One of these, the maja, 
from 10 to 14 feet in length, is a semi-domesticated reptile, if such a 
term may be used, for it is most frequently found about the huts, 
farm houses, and small villages, its favorite living place being in the 
palm-leaf thatches of the older buildings, while its favorite food is 
poultry. Another snake, named the jubo, is more vicious in dispo- 
sition than the maja, although never reaching more than one-third its 
size. It is not poisonous. The other varieties are still smaller in 
size, are seldom seen and not venemous. 

CLIMATOLOGY. 

The climate of Cuba is comparativelj^ simple in its. character and 
can be briefly described. With the long, narrow shape of the island, 
its great extent of coast line and small breadth, it has in the main an 
insular climate with a high mean temperature, slight extremes of 
temperature, great humidity of the atmosphere, and an ample rainfall. 

At Habana, on the north coast, the mean annual temperature is 
77° F. The range of temperature between the mean of the hottest 
month and that of the coldest month is from 82° to 71°, or only 11°. 
The highest temperature on record in Habana is 100. 6° and the lowest 
49.6°. This maximum recorded temperature is no higher than in 
northern cities of the United States, but the duration of high tempera- 
ture is much greater in Cuba and explains the high mean temperature. 
But notwithstanding the long-continued high temperature, the climate 
of the northern portion of thfe island is tempered by the trade winds, 
which blow with but littlevariationthroughout the year, and the nights 
in both winter and summer are cool. The mean annual temperature at 
Habana fairly represents that of the island, it being perhaps a little 
hotter upon the south coast and inland than upon the north coast. 
The mean relative humidity at Habana averages about 75 per cent and 
remains tolerabl}'^ uniform at all times of the year. Inland the humid- 
ity becomes somewhat less, but not decidedly so. 




PALM AVENUE, BOTANICAL GARDEN, HABANA. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 11 

RAINFALL. 

The mean annual rainfall at Habana, derived from observations of 
many years, is 52 inches. This represents quite closely the rainfall 
upon the north coast of the island. Inland and upon the south coast 
it is probably somewhat less, although observations are lacking. This 
is decidedly less than upon the Gulf coast of the United States, and 
but little greater than that of the northern seaboard cities. As regards 
the distribution of rainfall throughout the year, there is a wet and dry 
season, the former being from Ma}^ to October, during which time 
about two-thirds of the precipitation of the 3'ear is received. Rain- 
falls occur about one-third of the days during each year, although this 
does not represent by any means the proportional amount of rainy 
weather. The days are usually clear up to about 10 o'clock, from 
which time till night, during the rainy season, it is frequently showery. 
The nights are commonly clear. Thunder storms are frequent, but 
not violent. 

WINDS. 

The prevailing winds throughout the island are the northeast trades, 
which blow with great persistency, but seldom with violence. The 
island is occasionally, though not frequently, visited by hurricanes. 
These break upon the coast, causing the maximum destruction in its 
neighborhood, and rapidly lose their force and violence as they pro- 
ceed inland. 

In winter, when the trade winds extend farthest to the southward, 
the island not infrequently comes within the influence of "northers" 
from the north temperate zone, greatly and suddenly reducing the 
temperature on the north coast. These occur during the winter 
months and follow the severe storms of the United States, when the 
temperature sometimes falls as low as 50°, causing much suffering, as 
very little provision is made against cold in the construction of Cuban 
houses. 

POPULATION. 

The population of Cuba, according to the census taken under the 
direction of the United States War Department in 1899, was 1,572,797. 
Twelve years earlier, in 1887, according to a census under Spanish 
authority, the number was 1,631,687, or nearly 59,000 greater. After 
allowing for the probable increase of the population between 1887 
and 1895, the date on which the insurrection broke out, the loss of 
life, as indicated by these two censuses, may be estimated at nearly 
200,000, a loss which may be attributed to the war and to the accom 
panying reconcentration. 

The first census of Cuba upon which any reliance can be placed was 



12 



HANDBOOK OF COBA. 



taken in 1775. The following table shows the population at the date 
of each subsequent census and the decennial rate of increase: 

Population of Cuba at each census. 



Year. 



1775 
1792 
1817 
1827 
1841 



Population. 



171, 620 
272, 300 
572, 363 
704,486 
1,007,624 



Rate of 
increase 

per 
decade. 



Per cent. 



1861 
1877 
1887 
1899 



Population. 



1,396,530 
1,509,291 
1,631,687 
1,572,797 



Rate of 
increase 

per 
decade. 



Per cent. 

18 

5 



The loss in population incident to the irsurrection was sustained 
entirely b}^ the three western Provinces, the three eastern Provinces 
having gained during the period between 1887 and 1899, although 
Santa Clara, one of the largest Provinces of the island, gained but a 
trifling amount. 

The densit}?^ of population, taking the island as a whole, was 35.7 
inhabitants to the square mile. The area, population, and density of 
population of the six Provinces are given in the table below: 

Area, total population, and density of 'population, by Provinces. 



Province. 


Area. 


Popula- 
tion. 


Density. 




Sq. miles. 
2,772 
3,700 
5,000 

10,500 
9,560 

12,468 


422,811 
202,462 
173, 082 
88,237 
356, 537 
327, 716 


153 


Matanzas 


55 




35 


Camaguey ... 


8 




37 


Oriente 


26 







The urban population of Cuba, including in that term the inhabitants 
of all cities of more than 8,000 population, was 32.3 per cent of the 
entire population, or a little less than one-third, being but a trifle 
smaller than that of the United States. Including, however, all 
cities down to 1,000 each, the proportion of urban population rises to 
47.1 per cent, that of the United States being the same. The capital 
and chief cit}^ of the island is Habana, situated on the north coast near 
its western end, with a population of 235,981. Other important 
cities are Santiago, the capital of Oriente Province, on the south coast 
near the eastern end of the island, population 43,090; Matanzas, the 
capital of Matanzas Province, on the north coast, population 36,374; 
Cienf uegos, in Santa Clara Province, on the south coast, population 
30,038; Camaguey, the capital of the province of the same name, 
situated in the interior, population 25,102; Cardenas, on the north 
coast, in Matanzas Province, population 21,940. Most of the larger 
cities are situated upon the seacoast rather than in the interior, indi- 
cating their commercial character. 



I 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



13 



Population of cities of 5,000 or more. 



City. 



Caibarien . . 
Camaguey . 
Camajuani. 
Cardenas . . 
Cienfuegos. 
Colon 



Gibara 

Guanabacoa . 

Guauajay 

Guantanamo. 

Guines 

Habana 

Holguin 

Manzanillo . . 

Marianao 

Matanzas 

Helena 



Province. 



Pinar del Rio 

Placetas 

Regla . 



Remedios 

Sagua la Grande 

San Antonio de los Bancs . 

Sancti-Spiritus 

San Luis 

Santa Clara 

Santiago 

Santiago de las Vegas 

Trinidad 



Santa Clara . . 

Camaguey 

Santa Clara . . 

Matanzas 

Santa Clara . . 

Matanzas 

Oriente 

Habana 

Pinar del Rio 

Oriente 

Habana 

do 

Oriente 

do 

Habana 

Matanzas 

Habana 

Pinar del Rio. 
Santa Clara . . 

Habana 

Santa Clara... 

do 

Habana 

Santa Clara... 

Oriente 

Santa Clara... 

Oriente 

Habana 

Santa Clara . . 



Popula- 
tion. 



7,013 
25, 102 

5, 082 
21, 940 
30, 038 

7, 175 

6,841 
13, 965 

6,483 

7,137 

8,149 
235, 981 

6, 045 
14, 464 

5, 416 
36, 374 

5,016 

8,880 

5,409 
11, 363 

6,609 
12, 726 

8,178 
12, 696 

5,059 
13, 763 
43, 090 

7,151 
11, 120 



The center of population of Cuba in 1899 was situated in latitude 
22° 15' and longitude SO'^ 23'. This locates it in Santa Clara Province, 
30 miles southwest of the city of Santa Clara and 8 miles northwest 
of Cienfuegos. It is at a distance of 76 miles northwest of the 
geographic center of the island. 

As to sex, the population was distributed in the proportions of 51.8 
per cent males and 48.2 per cent females, the excess in the number of 
males being probably due to immigration. 

As to race, there were 68 per cent white and 32 per cent colored. 
The colored formed less than one-third of the population, and their 
proportion has for many years been diminishing. The foreign born 
formed 9 per cent of the total population, which leaves 60 per cent as 
native whites. Three-fourths of all the foreign born in Cuba came 
from Spain. Of the remainder, the countries which most frequently 
contributed were China, Africa, and the United States. Other West 
Indian islands, and even the neighboring countries of Central and 
South America, contribute very few, showing the extremely sedentary 
character of these people. 

Population by races at different periods. 



Year. 


White. 


Mixed. 


Negro. 


Total 
colored. 


Chinese. 


General 
total. 


1774 


96,500 

154,000 

481,000 

730,000 

1, 150, 000 

1,052,497 


23,500 

47, 000 

99, 000 

135,000 


52, 500 

71,000 

490, 000 

422, 000 


76, 000 
118, 000 
589 000 




172 500 


1792 




272 000 


1841 




1 070 000 


1862 


557' 000 


34 000 




1887 


501,500 
505,443 


28! 000 
14, 857 


1,632,000 


1899 


270 805 


234,638 









14 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

The foreign-born element was found mainly in the cities, and espe- 
cially in the larger ones. Nearly one-third of the entire foreign-born 
element was found in the city of Habana, where it constituted 22 per 
cent of the entire population of the city. 

The proportion of Cubans reported as being employed in gainful 
occupations was 40 per cent, or two-fifths of the total population, a 
proportion larger than in either the United States or Porto Rico. Of 
the males, 68 per cent were reported as wage-earners; of the females, 
only 9 per cent. 

The wage-earners were distributed in the following proportions 
among the great groups of occupations: 

Occupations of ivage-earners. 

Per cent. 

Agriculture, fisheries, and mining 48 

Domestic and personal service - 23 

Manufactures - - 15 

Trade and transportation 13 

Professions 1 

In 1903 the population was estimated at 1,653,486, and taking into 
consideration the natural increase and the number of immigrants 
which have settled in Cuba, it may be safely said that the population 
reaches, m 1905, 1,700,000 souls ancl that Habana has more than 
275,000. 

VITAL STATISTICS. 

The superior board of health consists of 11 members, divided into 
active and honorar}. The active are the chief sanitary officer of the 
island as president of the board, the president of the commission of 
special hygiene (prostitution), and three representatives for the east- 
ern and western part of Cuba and the city of Habana, while the chief 
quarantine officer of the port of Habana and the representatives 
appointed by the Habana Academy of Medical Sciences, antitubercu- 
losis league,' national university, board of education, and a lawyer are 
its honorary members. 

The main duties of the board are to investigate the causes of infec- 
tious diseases with special reference to epidemics, condition of public 
buildings, quality or purity of liquors, medicines, and food, due 
attention being given to reports, data, or other information concern- 
ing the public health, especially such as are furnished by dispensaries, 
asj'lums, hospitals, penitentiaries, schools, etc. 

The board being considered the supreme authority on all sanitary 
matters, it has the supervision of all the local boards outside of 
Habana and is consulted on all affairs of sanitation. These municipal 
boards are supposed to keep the superior board well informed so that 
the latter may have a complete knowledge and understanding of the 
sanitarj^ status of the different towns. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 15 

The national laboratory is a direct dependency of the superior board 
of health, its principal object being the performance of scientific inves- 
tigations, which are very important for the proper execution of the 
sanitary work for which the board is responsible. Its organization 
has been regulated so as to include the following: 

Clinical microscopy, devoted to the examination of sputa, blood, 
urine, and all specimens necessary to facilitate the diagnosis and early 
determination of the infectious and contagious diseases. 

The bacteriological section has charge of medical researches with 
reference to the causes of epidemics and epizootics, as well as to the 
preparation of laboratory products, such as tuberculine, maleine, 
vaccine, etc. 

The next section is one devoted to histological and pathological 
work that proves of so much assistance in all laboratory work. 

There is also a medico-legal section to assist the courts of justice in 
the investigation of crimes by examining viscera and other materials 
from the medical and chemical standpoints. 

The chemical department is also equipped with all the modern scien- 
tific appliances for the analysis of water supply, wines, beverages, 
milk, and all kinds of food. 

With the view of helping the diagnosis of doubtful cases of con- 
tagious diseases, the board has appointed a commission of several 
members selected from amongst the physcians of high standing in the 
town; this has proved of great value and has been of great assistance 
in the work of the board. 

The sanitar}^ department of Habana is the main branch of the 
superior board of health and embraces the following sections: Main 
office, general sanitary inspections, disinfection, tuberculosis, and con- 
tagious diseases. 

The problem of tuberculosis is also considered for the purpose of 
carrying out the best methods and ideas. To that effect the depart- 
ment runs a dispensary exclusively dedicated to the care and treat- 
ment of pulmonary troubles, whereby the outdoor patients are 
benefited, while an opportunity is afforded for coming in touch with 
the incipient cases that otherwise would escape the action of the 
authorities. The physical culture of the children is also given in the 
same building, after which they get some nourishment, so much needed 
by that class of patients. 

The antituberculosis plan includes the inspection of houses, hotels, 
boarding houses, cigar factories, dairy stables, etc., and the disinfec- 
tion of premises, as well as the delivery of lectures on the prophylaxis 
of the disease in all the factories and institutions, besides the distribu- 
tion of pamphlets and circulars with the recommendations to be fol- 
lowed for the prevention and hygiene of tuberculosis. 



16 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

The hospital for infectious diseases, otherwise known as "Las 
Animas " Hospital, is well equipped, being provided with every con- 
venience suitable for this kind of institution, and its main feature is 
that it is entirely mosquito proof. This hospital has been conspicuous 
in the eradication of yellow fever from Habana, and in it are admitted 
the imported cases from Mexico and other countries with complete 
safety for the city. 

As Habana is entirely free from yellow fever to-day, the work in 
connection with this disease is limited to the cases found in the steamers 
coming from Mexico or from other places abroad, and to those devel- 
oped in quarantine where nonimmunes are kept during the period of 
incubation of the disease. These cases are transferred to Las Animas 
Hospital, and all the means of transportation (ambulance, stretcher, 
etc.) are made mosquito proof. Any case reported in town as sus- 
picious of yellow fever is dealt with in the same manner as in time of 
epidemics. 

The island is entirely free from yellow fever and the death rate is 
decreasing, comparing already most favorably with the healthiest 
countries of the world. Smallpox and malaria have also been 
eradicated. 

The mortality in the island during 1902 was 25,512 and 1903, 23,982, 
and the annual rate diminished from 15.13 in 1902 to 14.52 in 1903. 
If a comparison is made with the lowest rate in the Spanish regime, 
29.30 per thousand in 1885, and with the average rate for the thirty 
years ending 1900, of 41.95 per thousand, the wonderful progress made 
can b» \een. 



CHAPTER II. 

GOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION «— CITIZEN- 
SHIP— COMMERCIAL LAWS— ARMY AND NAVY— RELIGION. 



GOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION. 

The Government of the Republic of Cuba is representative, repub- 
lican, and democratic. The sovereignty resides in the people. The 
Supreme Government is divided into three coordinate branches — the 
legislative, the executiv^e, and the judicial. 

LEGISLATIVE. 

The legislative power is vested in a Congress, consisting of two 
chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House 
consists of 64 members (one for ever}^ 26,000 inhabitants, or fraction), 
elected for four years. The requisite qualifications to be a Represen- 
tative are — 

First. To be a native born or naturalized Cuban citizen who has 
resided for eight years in the Republic from and after the date of his 
naturalization. 

Second. To have attained the age of 25 years. 

Third. To be in fall possession of all civil and political rights. 

The Senate shall be composed of four Senators from each Province, 
elected therefrom for a period of eight years by the provincial council- 
men and by a double number of electors, who, together with the 
provincial councilmen, shall constitute an electoral board. One-half 
of the electors must be persons who pay the highest amount of taxes, 
and the remainder shall possess the qualifications that may be determ- 
ined by law. All of the electors must also be of age and residents of 
municipal districts of the Province. The electors shall be chosen b}^ 
the voters of the Province one hundred days prior to the election of 
Senators. 

One-half of the members of the Senate of the Republic shall be 
elected every four years. 



«The full text of the constitution appears as an appendix at the end of this volume. 
159a— 05— 2 17 



18 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

To become a Senator it is necessary — 

First. To be a native-born Cuban, - 

Second. To have attained to the age of 35 years. 

Third, To be in full possession of all civil and political rights. 

The salary of a Senator and of a Representative is $300 a month in 
United States currency. 

Congress. — The Congress of the Republic of Cuba has two ordinary 
sessions annually, one convening on the first Monday of April and 
the other on the first Monday of November. The duration of each 
session is at least forty days. 

EXECUTIVE. 

The executive power is vested in the President of the Republic. 
The President of the Republic must possess the following qualifications: 

First. He must be a native-born or naturalized Cuban citizen, and 
in the latter case must have served in the Cuban army in its wars of 
independence for at least ten years. 

Second. He must have attained to the age of 40 years. 

Third. He must be in full possession of his civil and political rights. 

The President of the Republic shall be elected by presidential elec- 
tors, on one single day, as provided, for by the law. The term of 
ofiice shall be four years, and no person shall be President for three 
consecutive terms. 

The President shall take oath of office, or make affirmation, before 
the supreme court of justice, upon taking office, faithfully to dis- 
charge the duties thereof, to comply with and enforce the constitution 
and the laws. 

The salary of the President of the Republic of Cuba, is $25,000 a 
year in United States currency. 

The executive power is assisted by a cabinet, consisting of six mem- 
bers, known as secretaries, viz, the secretary of state and justice; the 
secretarj^ of government; the secretary of public instruction; the 
secretary of agriculture, industry, and commerce; and the secretary 
of public works. These secretaries are appointed by the President, 
and they enjoy a salary of $6,000 a year in United States currency. 

There is also a vice-president of the Republic, elected in the same 
manner and for a like period of time as the President and conjointl}^ 
with the latter. To become vice-president, the same qualifications 
prescribed for President by the constitution are necessary. The salary 
of the vice-president is $6,000. 

JUDICIAL. 

The judicial power is exercised by a supreme court, 6 superior 
courts (1 in each Province), 7 courts of the first instance (civil judges), 
6 courts of instruction (criminal judges), 26 judges of the first instance 



^XTir- 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA, ]9 

and instruction who have both civil and criminal jurisdiction, 6 cor- 
rectional courts (misdemeanors and light faults), and 218 municipal 
courts (cases of less than $200, dispossession of tenants, and other civil 
suits of small importance and misdemeanors in towns where there are 
neither judges of instruction or correctional and registers of the civil 
state.) 

To be chief justice of the supreme court the following conditions are 
required: 

First. To be a Cuban b}^ birth. 

Second. To have attained to the age of 36 years. 

Third. To be in full enjoyment of civil and political rights, and not 
to have been condemned to any "pena aflictiva" for ordinary offenses. 

Fourth. To possess, in addition, any of the following qualifications: 
To have practiced in Cuba, during ten years, at least, the profession 
of law, or discharged for a like period of time judicial duties, or occu- 
pied for the same number of years a chair of law in an official educa- 
tional establishment. 

Other persons may be also appointed to the positions of chief jus- 
tice and justices of the supreme court, provided they possess the 
qualifications required by conditions 1, 2, and 3 above mentioned: 
Those persons who may have previously held positions in the judiciary 
of a similar or next inferior grade for the period that may be provided 
for by the law ; those persons, who, prior to the promulgation of the 
constitution of the Republic of Cuba, may have been justices of the 
supreme court of the island of Cuba. The time during which lawyers 
shall have exercised judicial functions shall be reckoned as that of the 
practice of law necessary to qualify them for appointment as justices 
of the supreme court. 

The salary of the chief justice is $6,000 in United States currency; 
that of the president of the criminal court, $5,750; the fiscal, $5,750; 
the associate justices, |5,500 each. 

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. 

There is in each province a governor and a provincial council, elected 
by direct suffrage. This council consists of 20 members in the prov- 
ince of Habana, 17 in Santa Clara, 17 in Oriente, 15 in Matanzas, 12 
in Pinar del Rio, and 8 in Camaguey. 

The provinces of Cuba are divided into municipal districts, each dis- 
trict being presided over b}^ a mayor, assisted b}' a municipal council. 

The following are the rights guaranteed by the constitution: 

Art. 11. All Cubans have equal rights before the law. The Republic does not 
recognize any personal privileges or special rights. 

Art. 12. No law shall have any retroactive effect, other than penal ones, favorable 
to convicted or indicted persons. 

Art. 13. Obligations of a civil nature arising from contracts or other acts or omis- 
sions shall not be annulled or altered by either the legislature or executive power. 



20 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Art. 14. The penalty of death shall in no case be imposed for crijues of a political 
nature, which shall be defined by law. ~ 

Art. 15. No person shall be arrested except in such cases and in the manner pre- 
scribed by law. 

Art. 16. Every person arrested shall be set at liberty or placed at the disposal of 
a competent judge or court within twenty-four hours immediately following the 
arrest. 

Art. 17. All persons arrested shall be set at liberty or their imprisonment ordered 
within seventy-two hours after having been placed at the disposal of the competent 
judge or court. Within the same time notice shall be served upon the party inter- 
ested of any action which may have been taken in the matter. 

Art. 18. No person shall be arrested except by warrant of a competent judge or 
court. The order directing the serving of the warrant of arrest shall be affirmed or 
reversed, after the accused shall have been heard in his defense, within seventy -two 
hours next following his imprisonment. 

Art. 19. No person shall be indicted or sentenced except by competent judge or . 
court, by virtue of laws in force prior to the commission of the crime, and in such 
manner as therein prescribed. 

Art. 20. Any person arrested or imprisoned without legal formalities or not in 
accordance with the provisions of this constitution and the laws shall be set at liberty 
at his own request or that of any citizen. The law will determine the prompt action 
which shall be taken in the case. 

Art. 21. No person whatsoever is bound to give evidence against himself, nor 
husband or wife against each other, nor relatives within the fourth degree of consan- 
guinity or second of affinity. 

Art. 22. All correspondence and other private documents are inviolable, and 
neither shall be seized or examined except by order of a competent authority and 
with the formalities prescribed by the laws, and in all cases all points therein not 
relating to the matter under investigation shall be kept secret. 

Art. 23. No person's domicile shall be violated; and therefore no one shall enter 
that of another at night, except by permission of its occupant, unless it be for the* 
purpose of giving aid and assistance to victims of crime or accident; or in the day- 
time, except in such cases and manner as prescribed by law. 

Art. 24. No person shall be compelled to change his domicile or residence except 
by virtue of an .order issued by a competent authority and in the manner prescribed' 
by law. 

Art. 25. Every person may freely, without censorship, express his thoughts, either 
by word of mouth or in writing, through the press, or in any other manner whatso- 
ever, subject to the responsibilities specified by law, whenever thereby attacks are 
made upon the honor of individuals, upon social order, and upon public peace. 

Art. 26. The profession of all religious beliefs, as well as the practice of all forms 
of worship, are free, without further restriction than their demanded by the respect 
for Christian morality and j)ublic order. The church shall be separated from the 
state, which shall in no case subsidize any religion. 

Art. 27. All persons shall have the right to address petitions to the authorities, to 
have them duly acted upon, and to be informed of the action taken thereon. 

Art. 28. All inhabitants of the Republic have the right to assemble peacefully 
unarmed, and to associate for all lawful pursuits of life. 

Art. 29. All persons shall have the right to enter into and depart from the terri- 
tory of the Republic, to travel within its boundaries, and to change their residence 
without requiring any safeguard, passport, or any other similar requisite, except as 
may be required by the laws governing immigration, and by the authorities, in cases 
of criminal responsibility, by virtue of the powers vested in them. 

Art. 30. No Cuban shall be banished from the territory of the Republic or be 
prohibited from entering therein. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 21 

Art. 31. Primary education is compulsory and shall be gratuitous, as also that of 
arts and trades. The expenses thereof shall be defrayed by the state during such 
time as the municipalities and provinces, respectively, may lack sufficient means 
therefor. Secondary and advanced education will be controlled by the state. How- 
ever, all persons may, without restriction, study or teach any science, art, or pro- 
fession, and found and maintain establishments of education and instruction; but it 
pertains to the state to determine what professions shall require special titles, the 
conditions necessary for their practice, the necessary requirements to obtain the 
titles, and the issuing of the same as may be established by law. 

Akt. 32. No person shall be deprived of his property, except by competent 
authority for the justified reason of public benefit, and after being duly indemnified 
for the same. Should the latter requirement not have been complied with, the 
judges and courts shall give due protection; and in such case they shall restore pos- 
session of the property to the person who may have been deprived thereof. 

Art. 33. In no case shall the penalty of confiscation of property be imposed. 

Art. 34. No person is obliged to pay any tax or impost not legally established and 
the collection of which is not carried out in the manner prescribed by the laws. 

Art. 35. Every author or inventor shall enjoy the exclusive ownership of his 
work or invention for the time and in the manner determined by law. 

Art. 36. The enumeration of the rights expressly guaranteed by this constitution 
does not exclude others that may be based upon the principle of the sovereignty of 
the people and upon the republican form of government. 

Art. 37. The laws regulating the exercise of the rights which this constitutfon 
guarantees shall become null and void if they diminish, restrict, or change the said 
rights. 

RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE. 

Art. 38. All male Cubans over 21 yearg of age have the right of suffrage, with the 
following exceptions: 

First. Inmates of asylums. 

Second. Persons mentally incapacitated after having been judicially so declared. 

Third. Persons judicially deprived of civil rights on account of crime. 

Fourth. Persons in active service belonging to the land or naval forces. 

Art. 39. The laws shall establish rules and procedures to guarantee the interven- 
tion of the minority in the preparation of the electoral census, and in other electoral 
matters, and their representation in the House of Representatives and in provincial 
and municipal councils. 

CITIZENSHIP. 

The law promulgated November 7, 1902, establishing the procedures 
necessary for the obtaining of the rights of citizenship within tlTe 
Republic of Cuba is as follows: 

Article 1. The acts by virtue of which Cuban nationality is acquired, lost, or 
recovered shall be made to appear by means of a record in the section of citizenship 
of the registry of civil status. 

The persons included in the cases referred to in sections 2 and 3 of article 5 of the 
constitution, and the second of the transitory provisions of the same, and residing 
abroad, shall exercise the right conferred upon them by the former sections before 
the diplomatic or consular agent of Cuba nearest to their place of residence. 

Art. 2. The inscriptions to which the preceding article refers shall be made with 
the following formalities and requirements: 

1. The date and place where they are drawn. 

2. The names and surnames of the officials authenticating the same. 



22 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

The names, surnames, and filiation of the parti-es and witnesses j^articipating in 
the act. 

The witnesses referred to in the preceding paragraphs shall l)e two, having legal 
capacit}-, and shall make a declaration setting forth the truth of the circumstances, 
which should be expressed in the inscription. 

Art. 3. The interested parties shall present to the custodian of the registry their 
certificates of baptism, or the certificate of birth, as the case may be, as well as the 
record or certificate of marriage, should they be married, together with the certifi- 
cates of birth of the wife and of the children. 

Should it be impossible to present the documents referred to in the preceding para- 
graph, they shall indicate the archives where they may be found and their approxi- 
mate date. 

In the cases where the birth of the interested parties, their wives, or their chil- 
dren shall have been inscribed in the registry of civil status of this island, or in the 
register in charge of the diplomatic or consular agent, the acquisition, loss, or 
recovery of Cuban citizenship shall be made by a marginal note on the record of 
birth, for which purpose the custodian of the register wherein the said acquisition, 
loss, or recovery occurs shall remit, within the term of fifteen days — counting from 
that on Avhich the inscription took place — a certificate of the same, to the custodian 
of the register wherein the said birth appears. 

For failure to comply with the j^rovisions of the preceding paragraph, a fine of 
from |10 to 125 in United States currency shall be imposed on the custodian of the 
register required to remit the certificate. 

Art. 4. In the inscriptions mentioned in this law the following circumstances shall 
be expressed if it is possible: 

1. The former domicile of the interested parties. 

2. The names, surnames, place of birth, domicile, and profession or occupation of 
his parents. 

3. The name, surnames, and place of birth of his^ wife, if he be married. 

4. The names, surnames, place of birth, residence, and profession or occupation of 
the parents of the latter. 

5. The names, surnames, place of birth, residence of the children, setting forth if 
any of them are emancipated. 

Whenever it is impossible to express any of the circumstances mentioned above, a 
statement shall be made in the inscription of the reason of that inability. 

Art. 5. In order to be inscribed as Cuban citizens the persons included in sec- 
tion 1 of article 6 of the constitution shall prove by means of the discharge, or of 
any other document issued by a competent revolutionary authority, that they have 
belonged to the liberating army. This proof shall be made by such persons before 
the custodian of the civil registry of their domicile, should they be in this island, or 
hf means of a special attorney before the custodian of the civil registry at their last 
place of domicile therein, or of the place of domicile where they intend to fix their 
residence in Cuba, if they are abroad. 

Art. 6. In order to be inscribed as Cuban citizens the persons included in sec- 
tions 2 and 3 of article 6 of the constitution shall prove before the custodian of the 
civil registry of their place of domicile in Cuba the residence required by said sec- 
tions by means of an authentic document, or proof by witnesses made in the manner 
established in article 8 of the present law. 

The declaration of intention to which section 3 of article 6 of the constitution refers 
should be made before the custodian of the civil registry of the domicile which the 
interested party has in Cuba with the same formalities as in case of inscription. 

Art. 7. To he inscribed as Cuban citizens the persons included in section 4 of 
article 6 of the constitution shall prove before the custodian of the registry of civil 
status of their place of domicile in Cuba that they have not been registered in the 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 23 

registry of Spaniards opened in pursuance of the provisions of the treaty of Paris of 
December 10, 1898; that they are of full age, and that they resided in this island on 
the 11th day of April, 1899. 

- The proof of not being inscribed in the said registry of Spaniards must necessarily 
be made by means of a certificate issued by the functionary of said registry. 

The circumstances of full age and of residence shall be accredited by means of 
proof by witnesses received under oath before the custodian of the registry of civil 
status, the witnesses declaring that they resided on the aforesaid date of April 11, 
1899, in the same locality as the moving party making the proof. 

The interested party shall present a certificate of the captaincy of the port, or 
proper authority, wherein shall appear the date of his arrival in the island, the age 
which he then had, whether he came alone or with a family, the name of the vessel 
which brought him and of the captain of the same. 

Art. 8. To be inscribed as Cuban citizens, the persons included, in section 5 of 
article 6 of the constitution shall prove before the custodian of the civil registry of 
their place of domicile that the circumstances exacted in said section exist as to 
them by means of a declaration of witnesses received under oath. 

Art. 9. In all the inscriptions to which this law refers it shall be made to appear 
that the interested parties renounce their previous nationality and that they swear 
to obey the constitution of the Kepublic, the laws which are actually in force in this 
island, and those which may be in force in the future. 

Art. 10. The custodians of the registry of civil status in this island shall remit to 
the division of state of the department of state and justice a certificate of each 
inscription which they make in the books of the section of citizenship, and to the 
section of registries and notarial affairs of the same department a comprehensive 
table of the inscriptions, classified according to the model which said section shall 
formulate. 

The diplomatic or consular agents shall remit to the department of state certifi- 
cates of the inscriptions referred to in paragraph 2 of article 1 of this law, for their 
transcription in the registry of civil status of the last place of domicile which the 
interested parties may have had, or of that which they propose to have in this 
island. 

The term for the remission provided for in the two preceding paragraphs shall be 
fifteen days, counted from the day following that on which the inscription shall take 
place. 

Failures to fulfill this duty shall be punished by the secretary of state. 

Art. 11. Those who, prior to the promulgation of this law, have proven in the 
extinct department of state and government that there exist, as to them, the circum- 
stances exacted in articles 5, 6, 7, and 8 of this law, are exempted from the proof of 
the same, as well as those that may have made in the registry of civil status of their 
domicile the declaration of option or renunciation of nationality, to the end that 
they might be registered as electors, according to the provisions of the additional 
dispositions of order No. 218, of October 14, 1901. 

COMMERCIAL LAWS. 

So far as respect for and obedience to the law are concerned, Cuba 
is fully entitled to a place with the most highly civilized among- the 
nations. Life and property are held quite as sacred and are as com- 
pletely protected by legal safeguards in the island as in the United 
States. The laws concerning fulfillment of contracts and providing 
for the recovery of debts are full and explicit, and give every neces- 
sary assurance to those engaged in business or commerce with the 



24 HAiSTDBOOK 01" CUBA. 

island. The commercial code in force is that of Spain, with such 
modiiicatious as have been adopted by the provisional government. 
The more important provisions contained therein are as follows: 

AGENTS AND ATTORNEYS. 

Undisdosfid principal. — A contract made by an agent in his own 
name shall bind him directly with the person with whom it was made; but 
if the transaction was made for the account of the principal, the other 
contracting party may bring his action against the agent or against the 
principal. 

Authority. — The powers of attorney granted an agent shall be con- 
sidered in force until they are expressly revoked, notwithstanding the 
death of the principal or of the person from whom they were received 
in due form. Acts and contracts made by the agent shall be valid with 
regard to his principal, provided they are j)rior to the time the former 
is informed by legitimate means of the revocation of the power of attor- 
ney or of the alienation of the establishment. They shall also be valid 
with regard to third persons until the revocation of the power of 
attorney. 

Death. — Agencj^ is terminated by the death of the agent or by his 
incapacity, but not by the death or incapacity of the principal, 
although it may be revoked by his representatives. 

Principal Halle for fines. — The fines which an agent may incur b}'' 
reason of violations of the fiscal laws and regulations of the public 
administration in his management as agent shall be . immediately 
enforced against the property he manages. 

ASSIGNMENT OF CLAIMS. 

Transfer of credits. — Commercial credits, which are not negotiable 
nor payable to the bearer, may be transferred by the creditor without 
requiring the consent of the debtor, it being sufficient that the trans- 
fer be communicated to him. The debtor shall be obligated to the 
new creditor by virtue of the notification, and from the time said 
transfer is made the only legitimate payment shall be considered that 
made to the latter. 

BILLS OF EXCHANGE. 

Presentation. — Drafts drawn in Cuba at sight, or at a period counted 
from sight, must be presented for collection or acceptance within 
fort}^ days from their date. 

Drafts drawn at sight, or at a period counted after sight* in foreign 
countries on places in the territory of Cuba shall be presented for 
collection or acceptance within the forty daj^s following their intro- 
duction in the Republic, and those drawn after date at the times 
stipulated therein. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 25 

Drafts drawn at a period counted after the date thereof need not 
be presented for acceptance by their holders. 

The holder of a draft may, if he deems it convenient to his interests, 
present it to the person on whom it is drawn before it falls due, and 
in such case the latter shall accept it or shall state the reasons for his 
refusal to do so. 

Acceptance. — The acceptance of a draft must take place or be refused 
on the same day on which the holder presents it for this purpose, and 
the person of whom acceptance is demanded can not retain the draft 
in his possession under any pretext whatsoever. 

Protest. — In case the acceptance of a bill of exchange is refused it 
shall be protested, and in view of said protest the holder shall have a 
right to require the drawer or any one of the indorsers to secure the 
amount of the draft to his satisfaction, or to deposit the amount 
thereof, or to reimburse him for the costs of the protest and of the 
reexchange, discounting the legal rate of interest for the period which 
still is to elapse until it falls due. 

Action for security. — An action may be brought to compel the 
drawer and indorsers to give security for the payment of a bill pro- 
tested for nonacceptance. 

Blank indorsement. — If statement of the date is omitted in the 
indorsement, the ownership of the draft shall not be transferred, and ' 
it shall be understood as simply a commission for collection. 

Maturity. — All drafts must be paid on the day they fall due, before 
sunset, without any days of grace. Bills pa3^able at a fair are due the 
last day of the fair. 

If the day on which it falls due should be a holiday, the draft shall 
be paid on the previous day. 

Interest. — Bills of exchange protested by reason of nonpayment shall 
earn interest in favor of the holders thereof from the date of protest. 

Action for payment. — The action arising from bills of exchange to 
recover, in the respective cases, of the drawer, acceptors, or indorsers, 
the payment or reimbursement shall include an attachment, which 
must be issued, in view of the draft and of the protest, without fur- 
ther requisite than the judicial acknowledgment of their signatures 
by the drawer and indorsers proceeded against. A similar action ma}^ 
be brought against the acceptor to compel him to make the paj^ment. 
The acknowledgment of the signature shall not be necessary to carry 
out the attachment against the acceptor when no charge of forgery 
has been made in the instrument of protest for nonpayment. 

BILLS OF LADING. 

Shipper and carrier. — The legal instruments of the contract between 
the shipper and the carrier shall be the bills of lading, b}^ the contents 
of which all disputes which may arise with regard to their execution 



26 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

and fulfillment shall be decided, without admission of other exceptions 
than forgery or material errors in the drafting thereof. 

After the contract has been consummated the bill of lading issued shall 
be returned to the carrier, and, by virtue of the exchange of this cer- 
tificate for the article transported, the respective obligations and actions 
shall be considered as canceled, unless in the same act the claims which 
the contracting parties desire to reserve are reduced to writing. 

If, in case of loss or for any other reason whatsoever, the consignee 
can not return, upon receiving the merchandise, the bill of lading 
subscribed by the carrier, he shall give said carrier a receipt for the 
goods delivered, this receipt producing the same effect as the return 
of the bill of lading. 

Bills of lading will give rise to a most summary action or to judi- 
cial compulsion, according to the case, for the delivery of the cargo 
and the payment of the freightage and proper expenses. 

BROKERS. 

Aijpointment and powers. — The services of brokers may be rendered 
by Cubans and foreigners, but licensed brokers only may issue certifi- 
cations. Licensed brokers shall have the character of notaries in all 
that refers to the negotiation of public instruments, industrial and 
commercial securities, merchandise, and other commercial acts included 
in their ofiice. They shall keep a registry book, entering therein in 
proper order, separatelj' and daily, all the transactions in which they 
may have taken part, being, moreover, permitted to keep other books 
with the same formalities. The books and policies of licensed brokers 
shall be admitted as evidence in suits. 

Removal from office. — Brokers may be removed from ofl&ce by the 
Government for breach of duty. They shall, moreover, be civilly 
liable for damage caused b}" any neglect of the obligations of their 
office. 

Special agents. — Merchants may intrust to other agents besides 
brokers the constant management, in their name and for their 
account, of one or more of the branches of the business they are 
engaged in by virtue of a written or verbal agreement, associations 
including such agreements in their by-laws and private parties mak- 
ing them known by public notices or by means of circulars to their 
correspondents. The acts of these special employees or agents shall 
onl}^ bind the principal with regard to the transactions proper to the 
branch of business which has been intrusted to them. 

CARRIERS. 

Must Iceep a register. — Transportation agents shall be obliged to 
keep a special registfy, in which there shall be entered, in progress- 
ive order of numbers and dates, all goods the transportation of which 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. • 27 

is undertaken, stating- the circunistaiices foi- the respective hills of 
lading. 

Lien on goods for freight. — The goods transported shall he specially 
obligated to answer for the transportation charges and for the expenses 
and fees caused by the same during transportation or until the time of 
their deliver3^ 

This special right shall be limited to eight days after the delivery 
has been made, and after said limitation the carrier shall have no 
further right of action than that corresponding to an ordinary creditor. 

Intermediate carriers. — A carrier who delivers merchandise to a 
consignee by virtue of agreements or combined services with other 
carriers shall assume the obligations of the carriers who preceded him, 
reserving his right to proceed against the latter if he should not be 
directly responsible for the fault which gives rise to the claim of the 
shipper or of the consignee. The carrier making the delivery shall 
also assume all the actions and rights of those who have preceded 
him in the transportation. The sender and the consignee shall have 
a right of action against the carrier who executed the transportation 
contract, or against the other carriers who received the goods trans- 
ported without reserve. The reservations made by the latter shall 
not exempt them, however, from the liabilities they ma}^ have incurred 
by reason of their own acts. 

Goods to he forwarded Ijy first shipment. — Should no period within 
which goods are to be delivered be previously fixed, the carrier shall 
be under obligation to forward them in the first shipment of the same 
or similar merchandise which he ma}^ make to the point of delivery; 
and should he not do so, the damages occasioned b}^ the delay shall 
be suffered by him. Damages for delay may be liquidated in the bill 
of lading. 

Goods rrnist he delivered on time. — If a period has been fixed for the 
delivery of the goods, it must be made within the same; otherwise, 
the carrier shall pay the indemnity agreed upon in the bill of lading, 
neither the shipper nor the consignee being entitled to an3'thing else. 

When may refuse to transport goods. — Carriers may refuse to accept 
packages which appear unfit for transportation; and if said transpor- 
tation is to be made over a railroad, and the shipment is insisted on, 
the compan}^ shall carry it, being exempt from all liabilit}^ if it so 
states in the bill of lading. 

Goods transported at risk of shipper. — All damages and impairment 
suffered by goods in transportation, by reason of accident, act of God, 
or by virtue of the nature or defect of the articles, shall be for the 
account and risk of the shipper. The proof of these accidents is incum- 
bent on the carrier. 

Carrier liahle for negligence. — The carrier shall be liable for the 
losses and damages arising from the causes mentioned in the foregoing 



28 • HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

paragraph, if it is proved that they occurred on account of his negli- 
gence, or because he did not take the precautions usually adopted by 
careful persons, unless the shipper committed fraud in the bill of 
lading, stating that the goods were of a class or quality different from 
what they really were. 

Goods rendered useless. — If, on account of injury, goods are ren- 
dered useless for purposes of sale or consumption in the manner 
proper to the same, the consignee shall not be bound to receive them, 
and ma}^ leave them on the hands of the carrier, demanding pa5^ment 
therefor at current market prices. 

If among the goods damaged there should be some in good condi- 
tion and without any defect whatsoever, the foregoing provision shall 
be applicable with regard to the damaged ones, and the consignee shall 
receive those which are perfect, this separation being made by distinct 
and separate articles. The same provision shall be applied to mer- 
chandise in bales or packages, with distinction of the packages which 
appear perfect. 

Yalue of lost goods determined hy hill of lading. — The value of the 
goods, which the campr must pay in case of their being lost or mis- 
laid, shall be fixed in accordance with the declaration contained in the 
bill of lading, no proofs being allowed on the part of the shipper that 
there were among the goods declared therein articles of greater value. 

Disputes. — If there should occur doubts and disputes between the 
consignee and the carrier with regard to the condition of goods trans- 
ported at the time of their delivery to the former, the said goods shall 
be examined by experts appointed by the parties, and a third one, in 
cases of disagreement, appointed by the judicial authority, the result 
of the examination always being reduced to writing, and if the persons 
interested should not agree to the report of the experts, and could not 
reach an agreement, said authority shall have the merchandise deposited 
in a safe warehouse, and the parties interested shall make use of their 
rights in the proper manner. 

Refusal to receive goods. — Should the consignee not be at the domi- 
cile indicated in the bill of lading, or should he refuse to pay the 
transportation charges and expenses, or to receive the goods, the 
deposit of said goods shall be ordered by the municipal judge, where 
there is no judge of iirst instance, to be placed at the disposal of the 
shipper or sender, without prejudice to a third person having a better 
right, this deposit having all the effect of a deliver}^. 

.Liviitation of claim against carrier. — Within the twentj^-f our hours 
following the receipt of the merchandise a claim may be brought 
against the carrier on account of damage found therein on opening the 
packages, provided that the indications of the damage giving rise to 
the claim can not be ascertained from the exterior of said packages, 



I 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 29 

in which case claim would only be admitted on the' receipt of the 
packages. 

After the periods mentioned have elapsed, or after the transporta- 
tion charges have been paid, no claim whatsoever shall be admitted 
against the carrier with regard to the condition in which the goods 
transported were delivered. 

CHECKS. 

Presentation. — The holder of a check must present it for payment 
within five days of its issue, if drawn on the same place, and within 
eight days if .drawn on another one. The holder who allows this 
period to elapse loses his right of action against the indorsers, as well 
as againsttht^'hiaker, if ' t'fi*^ 'f liiids deposited with the person on whom 
it is dra^^^ii 'sholilS^ difeap'fi8& because the latter has suspended pay- 
ments or !s'*d' bdSakl^upt. The period of eight da^^s fixed in the fore- 
going sentence for checks issued from place to place shall be under- 
stood as extending to twelve days after its date for those drawn abroad. 

CONTRACTS. 

Form. — Commercial contracts shall be valid and serve as the basis 
of an obligation and cause of action in suits, whatever may be the 
form or in whatever foreign language they are executed, the class to 
which they correspond and the amount involved, provided their exist- 
ence is proved by some of the means established by the civil law. 
However, the declaration of witnesses shall not in itself be sufficient 
to prove the existence of a contract, the consideration of which exceeds 
1,500 pesetas (about |300), if no other evidence is adduced. 

Telegraphic correspondence shall only be the basis of an obligation 
between contracting parties who have previousl}^ admitted this medium 
in a written contract, and provided the telegrams fulfill the conven- 
tional conditions or tokens which may have- been previously fixed by 
the contracting parties. 

There shall be excepted from the foregoing contracts executed in a 
foreign countr}^ in which the law requires certain instruments, meth- 
ods or formalities for their validity, although not required by Cuban 
law. 

By correspondence. — Contracts executed through correspondence 
shall be completed from the time an answer is made accepting the 
proposition or the conditions by which the latter may be modified. 

By agent or hrol'er. — Contracts in which an agent or broker mediates 
shall be completed when the contracting parties shall have ag'reed to 
their clauses. 

Time of perfmrniance. — Obligations which do not have a limit pre- 
viously fixed b}^ the parties, or b}^ the provisions of this code, shall be 
demandable ten days after having been contracted, if they can only be 
the basis of an ordinary action, and on the nejct day if an execution lies. 



30 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Delay in performance. — The effects of tardiness in compliance with 
commercial obligations shall begin — 

(1) In contracts in which a day is fixed for their compliance by the 
will of the parties or by law, on the day following the one they fall due. 

(2) In contracts in which no such day is fixed, from the day on 
which the creditor legall}^ summons the debtor or makes known to him 
the declaration of loss and damage made against him before a justice, 
notary, or other public official authorized to admit the same. 

FACTOKS OR COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 

Lidbility. — When the factor transacts business in his own name it 
shall not be necessary for him to stat^j^^ji^j the-, principal, and he 
shall be directly liable as if the business .T^gj:^r f^j^ l^i^jj9,^p .i^cpount to 
the persons with whom he transacts the same, saij:LfP|e,ifspn^ .not hav- 
ing any right of action against the i3rincipal, nor the latter against the 
former, the liabilities of the principal and the factor to each other 
alwa3^s being reserved. 

Refusal to accept commission. — In case a factor should refuse the 
commission intrusted to him, he shall be obliged to communicate his 
decision to the principal by the quickest means possible, being required 
in any case to confirm it by the first mail after receiving the commission. 

He shall also be obliged to exercise due care in the custody and 
preservation of the merchandise which the principal may have for- 
warded to him until the latter appoints a new agent, in view of his 
refusal, or until, without awaiting a new designation, the judge or 
court has taken possession of the goods at the request of the agent. 

Noncompliance with an}^ of the obligations established in the two 
foregoing paragraphs shall cause the agent to incur the liability of 
indemnif3"ing the principal for the loss and damages which may arise. 

Can not delegate authority. — The factor shall personally discharge 
the commissions he may receive, and can not delegate them without 
the prior consent of the principal unless he has previouslj^ been author- 
ized to make the delegation; but he may, under his liability, make 
use pf his employees in the routine transactions, which, according to 
general commerciak customs, are intrusted to the same. 

If the factor should have made a delegation or substitution with the 
authority of the principal, he shall be liable for the acts of the substi- 
tute, if the person to whom the business was delegated was selected 
b}^ him, being otherwise released from liability. 

Transacting hushiess at prices not authorized. — A factor who, with- 
out express authorization of the principal, should transact some busi- 
ness at prices or conditions which are more onerous than the current 
market rates on the date on which it took place shall be liable to the 
principal for the loss he may have caused him thereby, the statement 



HAJSTDBOOK OF CUBA. 31 

that he made transactions at the same time for his own account, under 
similar circumstances, not being admissible as an excuse. 

Can not sell on credit. — A factor can not, without authority from 
the principal, loan or sell on credit or on time, the principal being 
permitted in such cases to require cash payment of the agent, leaving 
him any interest, profit, or advantage which may arise from said credit 
on time. 

Rate of commission. — Should there be no agreement with regard to 
commission, the latter shall be fixed in accordance with the commercial 
practices and customs of the market where the commission is fulfilled. 

Lien on goods for com,missio7i. — Merchandise forwarded on consign- 
ment shall be understood as specially bound to the payment of the 
commission fees, advances, and expenses the factor may have made on 
account of its value or proceeds. 

FOEEIGN CORPORATIONS. 

May engage in husiness. — Foreigners and corporations organized 
abroad may trade in Cuba, subject to the laws of their country, in so 
far as their capacit}^ to transact business is concerned; and to the pro- 
visions of this code in all that refers to the creation of their estab- 
lishments within Cuban territory, to their commercial operations, and 
to the jurisdiction of the courts of the country. 

Registration. — Foreign partnerships or corporations which desire to 
establish themselves or create branches in Cuba shall present and have 
recorded in the register, besides their by-laws and the documents pre- 
scribed for Cuban corporations, a certificate issued by the Cuban 
consul stating that said companies have been established and authorized 
according to the laws of the respective countries. 

LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. 

Six months. — The real action against the security of agents shall 
only be brought within six months, counted from the date of the 
receipt of the public securities, commercial bonds or funds which 
may have been delivered to them for negotiation. Actions relating 
to the collection of transportation, freights, expenses inherent thereto, 
and the contributions of ordinary averages shall prescribe six months 
after the goods which gave rise thereto were delivered. 
One year. — The following shall prescribe after one year: 
(1) Actions arising from services, works, provisions and furnishing 
of goods or money for the construction, repair, equipment or provi- 
sioning of vessels, or to support the crew, to be counted from the deliv- 
ery of the goods and money, or from the period stipulated for their 
paj'^ment, and from the time services or labor were rendered, if they 
should not have been engaged for a definite period or vo3^age. Should 
this be the case the time of the prescription shall begin to be counted 



32 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

from the end of the voyage, or from the date of the contract referring 
thereto, and, should there be any interruption therein, from the time 
of the definite conclusion of the service. 

(2) Actions relating to the delivery of the cargo in maritime or land 
transportation or to the indemnity for delays and damages suffered 
by the goods transported, the period of the prescription to be counted 
from the day of the delivery of the cargo at the place of its destina- 
tion, or from the day on which it should have been delivered according 
to the conditions of its transportation. 

Actions for damages or defaults can not be brought if, at the time 
of the delivery of the respective shipments or within the twenty-four 
hours following, when damages which do not appear on the exterior 
of the packages received are in question, the proper protests or reser- 
vations should not have been made. 

Three years. — ^The liability of exchange brokers, commercial brokers, 
or ship-broking interpreters in the obligations in which they take part 
by reason of their office shall prescribe after three years. 

Actions arising from drafts shall extinguish three years after they 
have fallen due, should they have been protested or not. A similar 
rule shall be applied to drafts and promissory notes of commerce, to 
checks, stubs, and other instruments of draft or exchange, and to the 
dividends, coupons, and the amounts of the amortization of obligations. 

Actions arising from loans on bottomry or respondentia or from 
marine risks shall prescribe after three 3^ears from the period of the 
respective contracts or from the date of the accident which gives rise 
thereto. 

Actions which may be brought by a partner against the copartner- 
ship, or vice versa, shall prescribe after three years, counted from the 
withdrawal of the partner, his exclusion, or the dissolution of the 
copartnership. It shall be necessary, in order that this period may 
run, to record in the commercial register the withdrawal of the part- 
ner, his exclusion, or the dissolution of the copartnership. 

Five years. — The right to recover the dividends or pajmients which 
are declared by reason of profit or capital on the part or share which 
is due each partner in the association funds shall prescribe after five 
years, counted from the day fixed to commence their collection. 

LIMITED PARTNERSHIP. 

Firm name. — Limited copartnerships must transact business under 
the name of all the members thereof, of several of them, or of one 
only, it being necessary to add, in the latter two cases, to the name or 
names given the words "and company," and in all cases the words 
"limited copartnership." This general name shall constitute the 
firm name, in which there may never be included the names of special 
partners. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 33 

Should any special partner include his name, or permit its inclusion 
in the firm name, he shall be subject, with regard to persons not 
members of the copartnership, to the same liabilities as the managing 
partners, without acquiring any more rights than those corresponding 
to his character of special partner. 

Liability of special partners. — All the members of the copartnership, 
be the}^ or be they not managing partners of the limited copartnership, 
are jointly and several]}^ liable for the results of the transactions of the 
latter in the same manner and to the same extent as in general copart- 
nerships. They shall furthermore have the same rights and obliga- 
tions which are prescribed for partners in general copartnerships. 
The liability of special partners for the obligations and losses of the 
copartnership shall be limited to the funds which they contributed, or 
bound themselves to contribute, to the limited copartnership. Special 
partners can not take any part whatsoever in the management of the 
interests of the copartnership, not even in the capacity of special agents 
of the managing partners. 

LOATSS. 

Time of payment. — In loans for an indefinite period, or in which no 
due time has been fixed, payment can not be demanded of the debtor 
until thirty days have elapsed, to be counted from the date of the 
notarial demand which may have been made. 

Interest. — Loans shall not pay any interest unless there is an agree- 
ment to that efi^ect in writing. The interest of the loan may be agreed 
upon without anj^ established rate or limitation whatsoever. Any 
agreement made in favor of the creditor shall be considered as interest. 

Default of payment. — Debtors who delay the payment of their 
debts after the same have fallen due must pay, from the day following 
that on which it became due, the interest agreed upon in such case, or, 
in the absence of such agreement, the legal interest. 

If the loan is in kind, in order to compute the interest, its value 
shall be determined by the prices of the merchandise loaned in the 
localit}^ in nvhich the return is to be made, on the day following that 
on which it falls due, or by the value fixed by experts if the merchan- 
dise should no longer exist at the time its appraisement is to be made. 

If the loan consists of bonds or securities, the interest, hj reason of 
delay in repajaiient, shall be that earned by said securities or bonds, 
or, in the absence thereof, the legal rate of interest, the value of the 
securities being determined by their price on exchange, if thej^ are 
subject to quotation, or at their current prices on the day following 
that on which they fall due. 

Cornpound interest. — Interest which has fallen due and has not been 
paid shall not earn interest. The contracting parties may, however, 
159a— 05 3 



34 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

capitalize the net interest which has not been paid, which, as new prin- 
cipal, shall earn interest. 

Payinents on acGOiint. — Payments on account, when there is no 
express stipulation with regard to their application, shall first be 
applied to the payment of interest as it falls due and then to the 
principal. 

Pledged securities. — After the period for which the loan was con- 
tracted has elapsed, the creditor, unless there was an agreement to 
the contrary, and without necessity of notifying the debtor, shall be 
authorized to request the alienation of the securities, for which pur- 
pose he shall present them, with the instrument constituting the loan, 
to the board of directors, which, after finding their numeration cor- 
rect, shall convey them to the amount necessar}^ through a licensed 
broker, on the same day, if it be possible, and, otherwise, on the next. 
A lender can only make use of the said right during the hours of the 
exchange. of the day following that on which the debt fell due. 

Securities which are quoted on exchange, payable to bearer, pledged 
in the manner fixed in the foregoing paragraph, shall not be subject 
to return until the lender has been reimbursed, without prejudice to 
the rights and actions of the dispossessed owner against the persons 
liable according to the laws for the acts by virtue of which he has 
been deprived of the possession and ownership of the securities given 
as a guaranty. 

MARRIED WOMEN. 

May engage in husiness. — A married woman over 21 years of age 
may trade, with the authority of her husband contained in a public 
instrument recorded in the commercial registry. A married woman 
shall also be considered authorized to trade who does so with the 
knowledge of her husband. 

Revocation of authority. — The revocation of the permission granted 
the wife to trade must be entered in the register. 

Property liable for her transactions. — If the woman is authorized to 
do business, her dowry and personal property, in addition to the dowry, 
and all the property and rights of the conjugal partnership, shall be 
liable for the results of her commercial transactions*, the wife being 
permitted to alienate and mortgage her personal private property, as 
well as that owned in common. 

PARTNERSHIP. ^ 

Name. — The general copartnership must transact business under the 
name of all its members, of several of them, or of one only, it being 
necessary to add in the latter two cases to the name or names given the 
words "and company." This general name shall constitute the firm 
name or signature, in which there may never be included the name of 



r 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 35 

a person who is not at the time a partner in the association. Those 
who, not being- members of tlie partnership, include their names in the 
firm denomination shall be subject to joint liability, without prejudice 
to the penal liability which ma}^ be proper. 

Liability of partners. — All the members of the general copartner- 
ship, be they or be the}^ not managing partners of the same, are 
personally and jointly liable with all their property for the results of the 
transactions made in the name and for the account of the partnership, 
under the signature of the latter, and by a person authorized to make 
use thereof. 

Who may hind the partnership. — The partners not dul}^ author- 
ized to make use of the firm signature shall not make the company 
liable through their acts and contracts, even though thej^ execute 
them in the name of the latter and under its signature. The civil or 
criminal liability for these acts shall be incurred exclusively by the 
authors thereof. 

Liahility of retiring partners. — The liability of the partner excluded, 
as well as that of the copartnership, for all acts and obligations con- 
tracted in the name and for the account of the latter with regard to 
third persons, shall continue until the record of the partial rescission 
of the articles of copartnership has been made in the commercial 
register. 

Dissolution. — General and limited copartnerships shall be dissolved 
for the following reasons: 

(1) The death of one of the general partners, if the articles of 
copartnership do not contain an express agreement that the heirs of 
the deceased partner are to continue in the copartnership, or an agree- 
ment to the efi'ect that said copartnership will continue between the 
surviving partners. 

(2) The insanity of a managing partner, or any other cause which 
renders him incapable of administering his property. 

(3) The failure of any of the general partners. 

A partnership shall not be considered as extended by the implied or 
presumed will of the members after the period for which it was con- 
stituted has elapsed; and if the members desire to continue in associa- 
tion, they shall draw up new articles of copartnership. 

SALES. 

Expense of delivery. — The expense of the delivery of merchandise 
in commercial sales shall be defrayed by the vendor until said mer- 
chandise is placed at the disposal of the purchaser, weighed or 
measured, unless there is an agreement to the contrary. The expenses 
arising from the receipt and removal of the merchandise from the 
place of delivery shall be defrayed by the purchaser. 



36 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Delivery on time. — If the vendor does not deliver the g'oods sold at 
the time stipulated, the purchaser may request the fulfillment or the 
rescission of the contract, with damages in either case for the loss he 
may have suffered by reason of the delay. 

Delivery of aijart. — In contracts in which the delivery of a certain 
amount of merchandise is stipulated within a certain time, the pur- 
chaser shall not be obliged to receive part of said amount even on the 
promise of delivering the balance; but if he accepts the partial deliv- 
ery, the sale shall be consummated with regard to the goods received, 
reserving the right of the purchaser to demand for the rest the fulfill- 
ment of the contract or its rescission, in accordance with the foregoing 
article. 

Purchase money lien. — During the time the articles sold are in the 
possession of the vendor, even though they be in the capacitj^ of 
deposit, the latter shall have preference to the same over any other 
creditor to obtain the payment of the price with the interest arising 
fix)m the delay. 

Delayed payments. — Any delay in the payment for the article pur- 
chased shall obligate the purchaser to pay the legal rate of interest on 
the amount he owes the vendor. 

By sample. — If the sale takes place by sample or bj^ a fixed quality, 
in case the purchaser refuses to accept the goods, experts shall be 
appointed by both parties, who shall decide whether their reception 
is proper or not. If the experts should declare that the articles are 
to be received, the sale shall be considered as consummated, and in a 
contrary case the contract shall fee rescinded, without prejudice to the 
indemnification to which the purchaser may be entitled. 

Right of examination. — In the purchase of goods which are not seen 
or can not be classified by a fixed quality, well known in commerce, it 
shall be understood that the purchaser reserves the privilege of exam- 
ining them and unrestrictedly rescinding the contract if the goods do 
not suit him. The purchaser shall also be entitled to rescind said con- 
tract if he reserved the right, hy an express agreement, to examine 
the goods contracted for. 

Refusal of puTchaser to accept goods. — If the purchaser refuses, 
without just cause, to receive the goods bought, the vendor may 
demand the fulfillment or rescission of the contract, depositing the 
merchandise in court in the first case. The same judicial deposit may 
be made by the vendor whenever the purchaser delays in taking charge 
of the merchandise. The expenses arising from the deposit shall be 
defrayed by the person who caused said deposit to be made. 

Purchaser'' s risk. — The damages and impairment suffered by mer- 
chandise after the contract has been consummated and the vendor has 
the goods at the disposal of the purchaser in the place and at the time 



^ HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 37 

agreed upon shall be suft'ered by the purchaser, except in cases of 
carelessness or neglig-ence on the part of the vendor. 

When vendor is lictble for damage. — The damages and impairment 
sufi'ered by merchandise, even though it be by reason of an accident, 
shall be for the account of the vendor in the following cases: 

(1) If the sale took place by number, weight, or measure, or if the 
article sold is not fixed and determined, with marks and signs which 
identify it. 

(2) If, by reason of an express agreement or the usages of com- 
merce in view of the nature of the article sold, the purchaser has the 
privilege of previously examining and investigating it, 

(3) If the contract contains a clause to the effect that the delivery is 
not to be made until the article sold has acquired the conditions 
stipulated. 

Purchase!''' s right of action against vendor. — A purchaser who, at 
the time of receiving the merchandise, fully examines the same shall 
not have a right of action against the vendor, alleging a defect in the 
quantity or quality of the merchandise. 

A purchaser shall have a right of action against a vendor for defects 
in the quantity or qualit}^ of merchandise received in bales or pack- 
ages, provided he brings his action within the four days following its 
receipts, and that the average is not due to accident, to the nature of 
the merchandise, or to fraud. 

In such cases the purchaser may choose between the rescission of the 
contract or its fulfillment in accordance with the terms of the agree- 
ment, but always with the payment of the damages he may have suf- 
fered b}^ reason of the defects or faults. 

The vendor may avoid this claim b}^ demanding, when making the 
delivery, that the merchandise be examined fully by the purchaser 
with regard to the quantity and quality thereof. 

Limitation of claim for defects. — A purchaser who has not made 
any claim based on the inherent defects in the article sold within the 
thirty days following its delivery shall lose all rights of action against 
the vendor for such defects. 

Loss of goods. — The loss or impairment of the goods before their 
delivery, on account of unforeseen accidents or without the fault of 
the vendor, shall entitle the purchaser to rescind the contract, unless 
the vendor has constituted himself the bailee of the merchandise, in 
which case his liability shall be limited to that arising by reason of the 
deposit. 

WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS, 

NegotiaJyle. — The receipts issued by general warehouse associations 
for the produce and merchandise they accept to care for shall be 
negotiable, shall be transferred by indorsement, assignment, or in any 
other manner transferring ownership, according as to whether they 



38 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

are issued to order or to bearer, Mid shall have the force and value of 
commercial bills of lading. These receipts must necessarily state the 
class of goods, with the number or amount each one represents. 

Holder. — The owner of the receipts is vested with the full owner- 
ship of the commodities deposited in the warehouse of the association, 
and shall be exempted from all liability from claims brought against 
the receiver, the indorsers, or prior owners, except if said claims arise 
from the transportation, storage, and preservation of the merchandise. 

Actions. — If a creditor who has legal possession of a receipt as 
security should not be paid on the day his claim falls due, he may 
bring an action against the association to gain possession of the goods 
on deposit sufficient to cover his credit, and shall have preference over 
other debts of the depositor, with the exception of those mentioned in 
the foregoing article. 

The sales referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be made in 
the warehouse of the association without the necessity of a judicial 
decree, at a public auction previously announced, and through a licensed 
broker, where there are any, and otherwise through a notary. 

RELIGION. 

The great majority of the Cuban people profess the Roman Catholic 
religion; but there is no fanaticism or intolerance, the people adapt- 
ing themselves without any difficulty to the religious liberty provided 
for by the constitution. It is realh^ worthy of admiration that a people 
unaccustomed to these conditions should have respected and accepted 
as quite natural the establishment of churches of other denominations. 

ARMY AND NAVY. 

There is no standing army or navy in the Republic. 

Life and propertj^ of persons residing in cities and towns are well 
protected b}'^ the municipal police force (which in the city of Habana 
consists of 1 chief, 70 officers, and 1,00Y men, not including a police 
band of 50 members), and, in addition, port cities have harbor police, 
charged with the preservation of peace and order in harbors and along 
the wharves, as well as with the safety of merchandise stored there. 

The maintenance of safety in the rural districts and along highways 
is intrusted to the care of the Rural Guard of Cuba, a body of excel- 
lent men, well mounted and equipped, numbering 1 chief, 163 officers, 
and 2,856 men. It is intended to increase the number of men to 4,000. 

Coast defenses. — The coast defenses are guarded by an artillery 
corps, consisting of 1 chief, 24 officers, and 648 men, at present 
instru{;ted by Capt. Dwight E. Aultman, of the United States Artil- 
ler}^ A contract has recently been made for new arms and ammuni- 
tion for the Rural Guard and Artillery Corps. The rifle selected 
permits the use of United States armj^ ammunition. 



CHAPTER III. 

THE CITY OF HABANA. 



Habana, the capital city of the Republic of Cuba, was founded by 
Diego Velasquez, the first adelantado, or governor-general, first near 
the anchoring place of Batabano, and, that place not being convenient, 
it was changed to Puerto de Carenas, its present site, in 1519. For 
some 3^ears Habana was secondary in importance to Santiago de Cuba, 
which' was founded at an earlier date. Being wholly unprotected by 
fortifications or armed forces, the settlement was an easy prey to the 
buccaneers, who infested West Indian waters even in those early days. 
In March, 1538, the town was sacked and burned by a French pirate; 
but was shortly afterwards rebuilt, with the aid of a military force 
sent from Santiago de Cuba by Fernando de Soto, who had just been 
appointed governor-general of tiie island. De Soto had brought with 
him from Spain a strong expedition intended for the conquest of 
Florida, which he imagined to be an empire of wealth greater than 
Mexico or Peru. The ofiicer sent by him in command of the relief 
party was instructed to build a fort at Habana, for the defense of the 
settlement, which he did, and it was named La Fuerza, which is pre- 
served to this day, it now being used as the general archives of the 
Republic, after having been suitably repaired and remodeled. 

Sometime after the completion of La Fuerza, De Soto, with his 
expedition, reached Habana, where he remained until May, 1539, and 
then set sail for the conquest of Florida. 

It was not until 1552 that Habana was made the capital of the island, 
the seat of government being transferred from Santiago de Cuba, the 
second capital — Baracoa, the earliest settlement in the island and the 
first city of America, having been the first. 

In July, 1555, Habana was again attacked by the French buccaneers, 
prominent among whom was the famous Calvinist Jacques Sores. 
The garrison at La Fuerza made a stubborn defense, which, how- 
ever, proved useless against the fierce onslaught of the pirates. 
The city was sacked and burned; La Fuerza was virtuallj^ destroyed, 
the survivors numbering thirty-eight families, and 13 strangers or 
transients. This second disaster to the settlement aroused the Govern- 
ment to action, and the garrison of the city was heavilv reenforced. 

39 



40 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

In 1589 the castle of La Fuerza was enlarged and the construction 
of Morro and La Punta begun. In 1592 the title of cit}^ was given to 
Habana by Philip 11. In 1597 the first aqueduct was built, the water 
supply coming from the Almendares River, on which the town was 
located. 

Pirates continued to harass the city until the Spanish Government 
sent a whole squadron of war ships, which made their headquarters at 
Habana. This protection gave the city immunity for some years against 
piratical attacks. Between the 3^ears 1625 and 1650, Dutch squadrons 
blockaded Habana three times, but in each case the Dutch commander 
was compelled to withdraw without having inflicted any material 
damage on the city. 

In the seventeenth century, treasure ships from Mexico and Peru 
bound for Spain made Habana a stopping place and, notwithstanding 
the fact that they were armed or convoyed by war vessels, the}^ were 
frequently attacked on the northern coast of Cuba by European 
pirates and privateers, who lay in wait for them, and with whom 
many desperate battles were fought, with varying results, but fortune 
usually on the side of the Spaniards. 

In 1648 the city was infested with a plague known as the "putrid 
fever," which killed one-third of the population. It appeared again 
in 1654 and, while not so fatal as on its previous visitation, the mor- 
tality resulting therefrom was great. For some years subsequent to 
1650 pirates were again very active in the vicinity of the city and, in 
view of their aggressiveness, work on additional fortifications was 
pushed, and in 1664 the garrison of the city was further increased to 
600 regular troops, besides eight companies of militia. In 1671 work 
on the walls of the city was activel}^ begun, funds for carrying on this 
work coming from Mexico. They were not completed until the early 
part of the eighteenth century. 

During the last half of the seventeenth century and the first half of 
the eighteenth the city was frequently attacked by foreign squadrons, 
which, we are told, were invariably repulsed without great difficulty. 
The forces defending the city were constantly increased, and by 1738 
had reached 4,000 militia, besides the regular troops. Relief expedi- 
tions were from time to time sent from the city to aid the besieged 
colony of Florida, which was constantly threatened by the English on 
one side or the French on the other. One of these expeditions was 
captured by the French at Pensacola in the early part of the eighteenth 
century. 

The fleet of war vessels maintained by Spain in West Indian waters 
was unable not only to stamp out, but to check the growth of piracy, 
in view of which many letters of marque were granted to privateers 
between the years of 1720 and 1750. Spanish historians record that 
these privateers captured many pirates, who were invariably punished 



HANDBOOK Ob' CtJBA. 41 

with death. In 1761 two Spanish war vessels bringing men and treas- 
ure from Veracruz, Mexico, reached Habana infected with yellow 
fever, called by the Spaniards at the time " l)lack vomit," which was 
at once communicated to the city, resulting in an epidemic, from which 
more than 3,000 persons died between Ma}^ and October of that year. 
The disease became endemic, and was only eradicated by the Americans 
in 1901, During the war between Spain and Great Britain in 1762 a 
fleet of 53 war vessels, under command of Sir George Pocock, con- 
voying 115 transports bearing 12,011 soldiers and 2,000 negroes 
for working, commanded by the Earl of Albemarle, appeared off the 
harbor of Habana, and the following day began an attack on the city. 
The fortifications at Cojimar, a suburb, were destroyed without difli- 
culty, and troops were then landed. Fighting continued daily until 
August 11, when the city capitulated, the formal surrender taking 
place the day following. The British continued in possession of the 
city until June 6, 1763, nearly five months subsequent to the declara- 
tion of peace. 

By the creation of the intendancy of Habana in 1761 Cuba was 
removed from the jurisdiction of Santo Domingo, to whicli it had pre- 
viously been subject. During the British occupation vessels of all 
nationalities were permitted to enter the harbor, and this practice was 
continued to some extent after English evacuation, but it was stopped 
in 1766 by an order which positively forbade the entrance to the 
harbor of any foreign vessel. Within two months after the British 
evacuation the construction of the fortress of La Cabana and the 
reconstruction of Morro Castle were begun. La Cabana, which, 
together with La Punta and Morro, guards the narrow entrance to the 
harbor, and which is one of the largest forts in area in the world, was 
completed in 1774. 

In 1768 a hurricane swept over the city, destroying or seriously 
damaging 69 vessels in the harbor and leaving scarcely a building in 
the city unharmed. The first census of Habana, taken in 1773, showed 
a population of 75,618, and in 1788 the streets of the city were lighted 
for the first time. In June, 1791, another storm passed over the city 
doing great damage to life and property. The order forbidding the 
entrance to the harbor of all foreign vessels was, in 1795, modified to 
the extent of granting said privilege to English and American ships. 
On Januarj^, 1796, a war vessel arrived, bringing the ashes of Colum- 
bus from Santo Domingo, which were deposited in a niche of the walls 
of the cathedral, where they remained until the latter part of 1898, 
when they were taken out and carried to Spain. The genuineness of 
these ashes is denied by Santo Domingo, which claims that thej^ are 
the remains of the son of Columbus, those of the great discoverer 
being preserved in the cathedral of the capital of that Republic. 



42 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

In 1818 a royal decree permitting the free entr}^ to the port of ves- 
sels of all nations was issued. A census taken that year showed a 
population of 81,075, which was increased by 1827 to 94,023. In 1829 
an expedition of 3,500 men for the recapture of Mexico was organized 
in the city and shortly afterwards set sail for that Republic, returning 
the same year unsuccessful with a depletion in their ranks of 1,000. 
In 1833 an epidemic of cholera in the city killed 12,000 persons, and a 
similar epidemic in 1850 caused great loss of life. A hurricane, which 
swept over the island in 1813, caused great ravages in the city, and it 
was followed by a moi-e severe storm in 1846, which destroyed 216 
ships in the harbor, besides doing great damage to life and property 
ashore. 

In 1850 Narciso Lopez and Colonel Crittenden, of Kentucky, landed 
in Cardenas with a filibustering expedition organized in New Orleans, 
and not being supported returned to the United States. Afterwards, 
in 1851, another expedition landed in Pinar del Rio. They were 
attacked by a superior force, captured, and, with 60 Americans, taken 
to Habana, and all shot except Lopez, who died by the garrote. 

During the war of secession in the United States many southerners 
sought refuge in Habana, and safety was found there bj^^ man}^ blockade 
runners. 

Habana was the scene of many bloody occurrences during the period 
of the first revolution of the Cubans, known as the "Ten Years' War," 
the irregular forces of Spanish militia, known as "Voluntarios," being 
the chief offenders. During the revolution resulting in the separation 
of the island from Spain (1895-1898) riots and disturbances were also 
frequent. As a result of one of these the Government of the United 
States ordered the U. S. battle ship Maine to Habana, in which harbor 
it was blown up on February 15, 1898. This occurrence was perhaps 
one of the strongest motives which brought the rupture of diplomatic 
relations between the United States and Spain, and consequently the 
declaration of war between the two nations. 

This historical sketch of the capital city of Cuba may be found 
interesting, and especially so to Americans, who, since the advent of 
the Cuban Republic, have been visiting Habana during the winter 
months in ever-increasing numbers. 

The importance of the old " Puerto Carenas," however, is not solely 
due to its history, Habana is one of the most beautiful cities in the 
world, both naturally and by its avenues, palaces, buildings, parks, 
promenades, and as a commercial center has splendid wharves and 
facilities for transportation. 

It has a population of nearly 275,000 inhabitants, and the number is 
daily increasing b}^ the powerful currents of immigration coming from 
all over the world. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 43 

Of the buildings the palace of the President of the Republic, for- 
merly occupied by the Spanish captain-generals and the residence of 
the military governor during the period of American occupation, is 
worthy of mention, by the beauty of its architecture, its size, and the 
magnificence of its galleries and salons. This building belonged to 
the Habana municipality, which, when the Republic was established, 
granted the privilege to the executive to dwell in it. There is a statue 
of Columbus in the courtyard. The ancient convent of San Francisco, 
now occupied by the custom-house department, is also worthy of 
inspection by the visitor. The palace formerlj^ occupied by the com- 
mander of marine, now used as the House of Representatives of the 
Republic, is a handsome building. The Nacional Theatre is consid- 
ered one of the best in the world, not only for its size, but also because 
of its really wonderful acoustic conditions. The Tacon Market and 
the Colon Market are models in their class. The normal school 
for teachers, the jail, and the Payret Theatre are also important 
institutions. 

The principal parks and squares are the following: Central Park, 
Park of Colon, Plaza de Armas, Plaza de Montserrate, Plaza de la 
Catedral, or ''Discusion," and Plaza del Cristo. 

The principal avenues and promenades are: The Malecon, the Paseo 
de Marti (formerly Prado), Avenida de la Independencia, Calzada de 
San Lazaro, Avenida de las Palmas, and Calzada de la Reina. There 
is a botanic garden divided into an experimental field and a section of 
botany. 

Habana possesses several clubs and societies, the most important of 
which are: The Union Club, El Ateneo y Circulo de la Habana, Cir- 
culo Liberal Nacional, Circulo Moderado, Centro Asturiano, Centro 
de Dependientes, Centro Aleman, Centro Gallego, American Club, 
Circolo* Italiano, Casino Espanol, Sociedad del Vedado, Sociedad del 
Pilar, Habana Yacht Club, Habana Chess Club, and several athletic 
societies. 

Of all the Spanish-American cities Habana is perhaps the gayest. 
It has seven theaters — the Nacional, Paja^et, Albisu, Cuba, Marti, 
Alhambra, and Chinese, which are open during the greater part of 
the year; besides it has several baseball grounds where Cuban and 
American teams of the first qualit}^ are alwa3's to be admired. Jai 
Alai, the Spanish ball game, is also played. It would take consider- 
able space to enumerate all the amusements to be found in Habana. 
Let it suffice to saj^ that a prominent American has called the cit}" 
"the American Paris." 

The Habana press of to-day can favorably compare with that of 
man}^ of the foremost countries in Europe. Besides the Gaceta Oficial 
de la Republica de Cuba and the Boletin Oficial, published b}^ the 
national and provincial government, the most important newspapers 



44 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

are: La Discusion, Diario de la Marina, La Lucha (which is printed 
both in Spanish and English), El Mundo, El Comercio, El Nuevo Pais, 
El Avisador Comercial, El Liberal, The Habana Post (an American 
paper published in English), El Figaro (an illustrated weekly), Cuba y 
America, El Economista, El Tabaco, and many others. Most of these 
papers are supplied with up-to-date plants, rotar}^ presses, photoen- 
graving plants, linotypes, etc. Great importance is given by them to 
foreign news and they all have numerous correspondents in the prin- 
cipal cities of the United States and Europe. These papers circulate 
all over the island and in Central and South America, and their cable- 
graphic service is as good and efficient as that of any first-class news- 
paper in the world. 

The water supply of Habana is unexcelled. It is carried to the city 
from the springs at Vento (Palatino), about 8 miles from Habana, and 
its abundance is such that it more than fills the present requirements 
and a large portion runs to waste. The purity of the Habana water 
is remarkable, no filtering being necessary. 

According to the latest census there are about 18,000 houses in the 
city. 

The mean annual temperature of Habana is 77° and the lowest 
recorded temperature is 49.6°. The average humidity is 75 per cent 
and the annual rainfall 52 inches, two-thirds of which is precipitated 
during the rainy season from June to the middle of October. The 
city has an excellent electric street-railway system, built by an Amer- 
ican corporation since the Spanish-American war, whose lines extend 
not only through many of the narrow streets of the city, but to the 
suburban towns of El Vedado, Cerro, and Jesus del Monte. 

Other lines are now being built through the business section of the 
city, and an elevated line extending along the harbor front. Strangers 
in the city are surprised at the cheapness of carriage fares. Bubber- 
tired victorias, drawn by horses usually in excellent condition, will 
take one or two passengers to almost any part of the city for the sum 
of 20 cents Spanish silver, equal to about 14 cents American currency. 

The increasing number of American tourists who visit the city 
everj^ winter, and return charmed with its climate and attractions, will 
undoubtedly tend within a few j^ears to make Habana the most popu- 
lar winter resort for the people of the United States living east of the 
Missouri River. Within a few hours' sail from Florida one reaches a 
city foreign in every respect and wholl}^ unlike anything to be seen at 
home. Its streets, buildings, customs, and atmosphere are closely akin 
to those of Andalusia, the most interesting portion of Spain, while its 
vegetation is peculiarly Cuban. Three and a half years of American 
occupation made little impress on the customs of the people, and, 
except in cleanliness of streets and buildings, Habana, in a general 
sense, is the same now as during colonial days. 



HANDBOOK OP CUBA. 45 

Except in luxurious hotels, Habana has many advantages over any 
point in Florida as an attractive winter resort, and this fact is becom- 
ing- known to the winter-tourist public of the United States. Its 
many points of historic interest; its balraj^, rainless winter days and 
more beautiful nights; its well-kept macadam roads, extending from 
the city to various interior picturesque towns and quaint villages 
through beautiful sections of tropical country, are sure to prove 
delightful attractions to the visitor from the frozen North. 

Habana is justly proud of its firemen. The corps is a volunteer 
institution and the firemen receive no salary or compensation for 
their service. Many of them belong to the most prominent families 
of Cuba. The fire engines and other apparatus are of the most 
modern models, and the service is thoroughly efficient. 

There is not, perhaps, any other city in the world which possesses 
a better police force than Habana. The city is divided into thirteen 
precincts, each precinct commanded by a captain. The number of 
patrolmen is the largest of any city in the world. They are well 
paid, splendidly organized and drilled, and handsomely uniformed. 
As a rule, the members of the force are all men of high moral stand- 
ing and unquestionable courage. The Habana police is divided into 
two sections, infantry and cavalrj^, and their ability to handle large 
crowds is certainly praiseworthy. 

Besides the uniformed police, there is in Habana a detective bureau. 
This branch of the Habana police is perhaps the one deserving more 
credit for its exceptional abilit}^ in discovering ofl^enders and ferreting- 
out crimes. Many a notorious criminal who had managed to evade 
the police of Paris, London, Chicago, and New York has been detected 
and arrested by the Habana detectives by means of the most ingenious 
combinations. 

Habana is to-day what the Americans aptly term "a busy city." 
The first impression one receives on landing in the Cuban capital is 
that he has arrived at one of the great American or European centers 
of commerce and industry. 

Habana is well provided with hospitals, the most important ones 
being the Mercedes No. 1; Las Animas, where the experiments for 
yellow fever were made; the Quinta de Higiene, for venereal diseases; 
the Tamayo Dispensary, the one for tuberculosis; La Caridad, and 
La Creche; the Paula (for women), and San Lazaro (for the lepers), 
besides a large number of emergency hospitals, called "casas de 
socorros," which render many good services to those who suffer from 
accidents. All these hospitals are well supplied with the most modern 
apparatus and surgical instruments and are in charge of the ablest 
physicians and practitioners as well as trained nurses. 

Habana also has a hospital for the insane, at Mazorra, where the 
insane asylum is located. 



46 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

There are 21 Catholic and 6 Pxotestant churches in Habana. The 
Catholic churches are: Belen, The Cathedral, Espiritu Santo, Guada- 
lupe, Jesus del Monte, Jesus Maria y Jose, Merced, Monserrate, Pilar, 
San Agustin, San Felipe, San Nicolas, Santa Catalina, Santa Clara, 
Santa Teresa, Santo Angel Custodio, Santo Cristo, Santo Domingo, 
Salvador, San Lazaro, and Ursulinas. Of these Belen, Merced, San 
Agustin, Santa Catalina, Santa Clara, Santa Teresa, Santo Domingo, 
and Ursulinas are convents. 

The Protestant churches are: Bautista (Baptist), Evangelica (Evan- 
gelical), Union Cristiana, Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian. 

Habana also has two conservatories of music, a school of painting 
and drawing, institute or high school, school of arts and trades and 
several other professional institutions, besides many private and public 
schools and colleges. 

The Cristobal Colon cemetery, one of the notable public institutions 
of Habana, is situated upon an eminence west of the city commanding 
an outlook over the sea. It is reached by a drive through the Avenida 
de la Independencia (formerly Paseo de Tacon) and past Principe Hill, 
or by the Universidad-Aduana line of street cars, which run to the 
entrance, and make the trip in twenty minutes from Prado (to-day 
Paseo de Marti). The grounds are open through the day. At the 
entrance, in a monumental arch of granite pierced by three openings, is 
a sculptured panel representing the raising of Lazarus from the dead, 
and surmounting the whole is a group of heroic figures representing 
the theological virtues. Faith, Hope, and Charity, protected by the 
mantle of Religion. The cemetery has many handsome monuments; 
richly chiseled marbles and tombs decorated with porcelain flowers 
line the avenues. 

Noteworth}^ among the monuments are the tomb of General Calixto 
Garcia, the Cuban patriot, bearing the sentiment "Morir por la Patria 
es vivir" (To die for the country is to live); the one to Bishop Espada; 
the Students' Monument, erected by popular subscription in memory 
of the students of medicine of the University of Habana, who, in the 
year 1871, were sacrificed to the vindictiveness of the Spanish Volun- 
teers; the Firemen's Monument, erected by the citizens of Habana in 
commemoration of the bravery of the volunteer firemen of Habana, 30 
of whom perished in a fire which occurred in a warehouse on May 17, 
1890, and many others; also the statues of Albear, Charles III, Ferdi- 
nand VII, and Marti. 

The Templete, constructed in 1828 on the site where the first mass 
was celebrated, is an interesting building and contains paintings of 
historical value. Here the first council took place under a ceiba tree. 

The Universit}^ of Habana, located in the building formerly occu- 
pied by the Spanish military magazines, is also noteworthy. It pos- 
sesses interesting collections of ethnology, zoology, geology, and 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 47 

botany. The university has a beautiful and healthy situation on a 
high hill overlooking the sea, and where pure and fresh air circulates 
profusely. 

Habana has several public libraries: The Biblioteca Nacional and 
Biblioteca de la Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais; the one of 
the Colegio de Abogados (law), the one of the Academy of Science, 
which has a museum, that of Pedagogia, the university, and the high 
school. 

At the corner of Belascoin and San Lazaro streets is the Casa de 
Beneficencia y Maternidad (Charity and Maternity Asylum) for 
destitute children. It was founded in 1794 by Governor-General 
Luis de las Casas, whose administration was one of the bright spots in 
the history of Cuba and is one of the best institutions of the city. 
Other beneficient institutions are the Asylum of San Vicente de Paul, 
the Correctional School at Aldecoa, and the Asilo de Huerfanos de la 
Patria (Orphans of the Country), in which shelter, food, and education 
is provided for the children of those who died for the independence of 
Cuba. 



CHAPTER IV. 



PROVINCES— GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF EACH- 
POPULATION, ETC. 



-RESOURCES- 



The Republic of Cuba is divided into six Provinces, which from 
west to east are as follows: Pinar del Rio, Habana, Matanzas, Santa 
Cliira, Camagiiey, and Oriente. 

These Provinces are subdivided into 83 municipal districts, in the 
following proportion: Pinar del Rio, 11; Habana, IT; Matanzas, 9; 
Santa Clara, 27; Camagiiey, 4; Oriente, 15. 

Some of these, especially in the rural districts, are again subdivided 
into wards (barrios), the size, number, and population of which varies; 
their object being to aid municipal control by means of delegates 
known as alcaldes de barrio, an office equivalent to the justice of the 
peace in the United States. 

The area of the six Provinces is shown in the following table: 

Square 
miles. 

Pinar del Eio 5, 000 

Habana 2, 772 

Matanzas 3, 700 

Santa Clara 9, 560 

Camagiiey .' 10, 500 

Oriente : 12, 468 

The population of Cuba and its Provinces, at various censuses, 
according to the report of Colonel Sanger, U. S. Army (1899), is as 
follows: 



Province. 


1861. 


1887. 


1899. 




393, 789 
234, 524 
146, 685 
85, 702 
271,310 
264, 520 


451, 928 
259, 578 
225, 891 
67, 789 
354, 122 
272, 379 


424, 811 
202, 462 
173, 082 




Pinar del Rio 




88, 237 


Santa Clara . 


356, 537 




327, 716 






Total .. . 


1,396,530 


1,631,687 


1, 572, 845 







48 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 49 

PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. 

The Province of Pinar del Rio is situated at the western extremity 
of the island, and is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Mexico, on 
the east by the Province of Habana, on the south by the Sea of the 
Antilles, and on the west by the Strait of Yucatan. 

As constituted under the late government, Pinar del Rio is divided 
into four judicial districts: Pinar del Rio, San Cristobal, Guanajay, 
and Guane. 

The lands of this Province differ greatly in their formation; the 
Quaternaries are found forming two bands or zones, one to the north 
and the other to the south, excepting the piece of land pertaining to 
Cabo Corrientes. The southern band is a great deal wider than the 
northern. The portion of this Province between longitude 78° and 79° 
west, San Fernando meridian, Spain, is absolutely of the same post- 
Tertiary formation. These lands are limited by the coasts and, gen- 
erally speaking, are low and marshy; they are used chiefly for raising 
cattle and swine as well as for the manufacture of charcoal and the 
gathering of leaves and bark of the red mangrove. 

The lands of the Tertiary formation are also found in two strips 
parallel to the above mentioned. They are considered first class for 
the culture of tobacco, owing to their arenaceous, argillocalcareous, 
humiferous composition, principally in the southern part of the 
Province (municipalities of Guaiae, San Juan y Martinez, San Luis, 
Consolacion del Sur), where the Vuelta Abajo vegas of world-wide fame 
are located. 

To lands of the Secondary period pertain all the central highlands 
of the Province. On the summit of these mountains small spaces of 
igneous soil, mostly composed of serpentine rocks, are found. These 
lands are generally of bad quality. Some coffee grows on them, but 
their principal products are feed for cattle, timber for construction, 
and wood for making charcoal. This, portion of land is the most 
mountainous of the Province. 

To the southwest of the Cordillera de los Organos (Organos Ridge) 
exists a zone pertaining to the primitive formation, covered by woods 
almost in its total area. Communications with Habana and through 
the Province are abundant and good. 

The principal products of the Province of Pinar del Rio are tobacco 
(the most renowned in the world), sugar cane, coffee, timber, fruits, 
charcoal, and cattle. 

The capital of the Province is the city of Pinar del. Rio, with 8,880 
inhabitants, situated in a fertile valle}^ near the river Guama, and con- 
nected with Habana by the lines of the Western Railway of Habana. 

Pinar del Rio has a splendid situation in the heart of the famous 
tobacco-growing district of Vuelta Abajo. It communicates by rail 
159a— 05 4 



50 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

with the towns of San Luis and San Juan y Martinez, and will soon 
have communication with Kemates de Gnane, where the best Vuelta 
Abajo tobacco is produced. 

An excellent macadamized road coimects the city of Pinar del Rio 
with the port of La Coloma, on the south coast of the island. 

The city itself is an antiquated one, although many changes and 
improvements have lately been introduced. It has several good, solid 
buildings, such as the civil governor's residence, the jail, the institute, 
and the old Spanish cuartel or armory. It has also a good hospital, 
cemetery, etc. 

The most important cities and towns in this Province are: Guanajay, 
San Luis, Vinales, San Juan y Martinez, San Diego, Los Palacios, 
Cabanas, Bahia Honda, Mariel (where the quarantine station of the 
Republic is located), Consolacion del Sur, Remates de Guane, San 
Cristobal, etc. 

One of the naval stations ceded by the Cuban Republic to the 
United States has been established at Bahia Honda, in this Province. 

San Diego de los Baiios is famous for its sulphur springs, of 
unequaled excellence. 

The Province of Pinar del Rio suffered greatl}^ as a consequence of 
the late revolution. It is, however, being rapidly reconstructed, and 
there is every reason to believe that its condition will soon be more 
favorable than ever before. 

PROVINCE OF HABANA. 

The Province of Habana, the smallest in area, is the most populated 
of the Republic. 

It is bounded on the north by the Florida Canal, on the east by 
the Province of Matanzas, on the south by the Sea of the Antilles, 
on the west by the Province of Pinar del Rio. 

It is divided into the following judicial districts: Habana, Guana- 
bacoa, Marianao, Jaruco, San Antonio de los Banos, Bejucal, and 
Giiines. 

The soil of the Quaternary period is found in all the south coast 
littoral and in a small portion of the north coast, east of Habana. 

The lands of the Tertiary formation are located in the southern 
and western portions of the Province, adjoining the zones of the 
Quaternary formation, although the strips are rather narrow. In the 
municipalities of Alquizar and Giiira de Melena, situated in the south- 
west section of the Province, tobacco of very good quality, called 
"Tabaco de Partido," is cultivated, and also coffee, bananas, sugar 
cane, and oranges. 

The dark soil (black earth) of the municipalities of Giiines, Melena 
del Sur, Nueva Paz, and San Nicolas, on the south coast, to the east, 
produce sugar cane, and, in Giiines, also potatoes, and many other 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 51 

excellent vegetables, enough to supply the Habana markets and to 
export to the United States. 

The arenose-argillo-calcareous lands of the municipality of Bauta, 
to the west of Habana, are first class for cultivating white and violet 
pineapples, which are being- shipped in large quantities to New York 
and othft- American markets. 

The lands of the Secondary period form a strip beginning south of 
the city of Habana and running east to the limits of Matanzas. In 
this zone are located parts of the municipalities of Madruga, Tapaste, 
Santa Maria del Rosario, Casiguas, and others. 

Only a small portion of igneous soil can be found in the munici- 
pality of Guanabacoa, to the east of Habana. 

The principal productions of the Province are sugar cane, alcohol, 
tobacco, pineapples, "yuca," starch, coffee, bananas, corn, and fruits 
and veg'etables of every kind, and other produce. 

The capital of the Province, and of the Republic, is Habana. It is 
situated on the west side of the beautiful bay of Habana, known to 
Columbus and his companions as the "Puerto de Carenas," owing- to 
the fact that the great admiral found in its bosom safe shelter to carry 
on the difficult task of overhauling his damaged ships; " carena" being 
a Spanish word meaning "overhaul." It is in latitude 23° 8' 15" 
north and 88° 22' 12" west longitude. 

Habana occupies a very strategical position at the mouth of the 
Gulf of Mexico, a fact which has served to aptly give it the name of 
the "Key of the Gulf ;" and a symbolic key is emblazoned in its coat 
of arms. 

Habana is strongly fortified, the entrance to its harbor being 
guarded on one side by the Morro and the frowning heights of La 
Cabana Fortress, and on the other by La Punta and other smaller coast 
batteries, which, supported as they are by the batteries of Castillo del 
Principe, Castillo de Atares, etc. , and by the sand batteries extending 
upon the coast on both sides of the harbor, make the place a strong- 
bold. 

The mouth of the port is a rather narrow one, but expands into a 
wide and deep harbor, where a thousand ships can safely anchor. 

The city has a population of nearly 2Y5,000 inhabitants; it has 
beautiful drives, among which the now famous Malecon (embank- 
ment), which runs parallel to the sea; the Prado (nowPaseo de Marti), 
running from the Malecon to the Parque Central; the Avenida de las 
Palmas, the Avenida de la Independencia, etc. Its parks are also 
very beautiful, notably, the Central, the Parque de Colon, and others. 

The city has a number of associations for purposes of instruction 
and recreation, and several clubs, an academy of sciences, university, 
high school, charitj^ institutions, asylums, civil, military, and private 
hospitals, several theaters, the principal one named Teatro Nacional, 



52 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

being widely celebrated; large markets, a systeni of magnificent 
waterworks, an extensive and beautiful cemetery, sea baths, churches, 
convents, and good hotels, which are being improved yearly. 

It has a great commercial traffic, interior as well as exterior, main- 
tained by steamship lines, railroads, urban and suburban electric 
lines, and a large number of omnibuses and carriages, public and 
private. 

The water suppl}^ of Habana is one of the most abundant and purest 
and healthiest in the world, it being gotten from the springs in Vento, 
tanked in reservoirs at a place called " Palatino," near Habana, and 
carried to the city by means of an aqueduct by an engineer named 
Albear, a native of Habana. 

Yerj soon the works of the sewerage and paving will be accom- 
plished. 

Habana is the residence of the President of the Republic, the seat 
of the Congress of the Republic, etc. 

It is the seat of the General Government, supreme court, superior 
court of Habana (audiencia) general direction of finance, naval station, 
arsenal, observatory, diocese of the bishopric, and the residence of 
all the administrative heads of the island (civil, military, maritime, 
judicial, and economical). 

The cable companies are The International Ocean Telephone Com- 
pany, from Habana to^lorida, in connection with the Western Union 
of the United States and the Cuba Submarine Telephone Company 
(limited) connecting Habana with Santiago and Cienfuegos. 

The West India and Panama Telegraph Company has a cable con- 
necting Habana with Santiago de Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and the 
lesser Antilles. The Compagnie Fran^aise de Cables Sous Marins 
connects Habana with Santiago, Haiti, Santo Domingo, Venezuela, 
and Brazil. 

It is rapidly becoming a favorite winter resort for Americans, who 
find in the Cuban capital the combined pleasures of seashore and 
city life. 

The port of Habana is the most important of the island and one of 
the foremost in the world. 

There are numerous cigar and cigarette factories, tanneries, manu- 
factories of sweetmeats, rum, candles, gas, beer, carriages, soap, per- 
fumery, glycerin, etc. 

Its principal exports to the United States consist of tobacco, fruit, 
wax and honey, sugar, and molasses. 

The Isle of Pines, with an area of 840 square miles, is a municipal 
district of the Province of Habana. It is in effect two islands con- 
nected b}^ a marsh, the northern being somewhat broken by hills; the 
southern low, flat, and sandy. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 53 

There are also worthy of mention Guanabacoa, one of the most 
ancient towns of the island, Santa Maria del Rosario, Jaruco, San 
Antonio de los Banos, Bejucal, Guines, Santiago de las Vegas, Mari- 
anao, Managua, Guira, Batabano, Nueva Paz, and Aguacate. 

PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. 

The Province of Matanzas is bounded on the north by the Florida 
Canal, on the south and east by the Province of Santa Clara, on the 
west by the Caribbean Sea and the Province of Habana. 

It is divided into five judicial districts, viz. North and South Matan- 
zas, Cardenas, Alfonso XII, and Colon. 

The Quaternary formations are found in the shape of narrow strips, 
running along the north coast from the Bay of Matanzas to the limits 
of Santa Clara Province and along, the south coast of the Province. 

The lands of the Tertiary formation are situated on the west side of 
Matanzas, running in said direction to the limits of Habana Province, 
in the central and southern part of the Province to the Zapata swamps 
and limits of Santa Clara. 

The red soil of the municipalities of Jovellanos, Guira de Macuriges, 
Cervantes (formerly Perico), Bolondron, and LaUnion are considered 
of the very best kind for cultivating sugar cane, coffee, oranges,- 
bananas, sweet potatoes, "name," "yuca," corn, etc. The soil of the 
municipalities of Alacranes, Jague}^ Grande, Guanajayabo, and Guama- 
caro are of argillo-arenose-calcareous humiferou^s composition, of dark 
or brown color, in some instances rather humid, but of thick vegetable 
coat. It is good for the cultivation of sugar cane. 

The lands of the Secondary formations are situated in the central 
highlands of this region, forming a zone running from the west of the 
village of Colon nearly to the municipality of Union de Rej^es. 

The igneous soils are located in the center of the Secondary zone, 
forming narrow strips, which begin at Colon and end at Union de 
Reyes. 

The parts of this Province pertaining to the municipalities of Cimar- 
rones and San Jose de los Ramos are extensively flooded during heavy 
rainy seasons on account of the swelling of the rivers through or near 
by said districts. 

The principal products of the Province are sugar cane, alcohol, and 
timber. 

Matanzas has 40,000 inhabitants and is the capital of the Province 
that bears its name, about 60 miles directly east of Habana. This city 
has great commercial activity, and is noted for the beauty of its sur- 
roundings, one of the most enchanting views being the celebrated 
Valley of the Yumuri. It has also a pretty plaza, and good buildings, 
the most notable being the Esteban Theater and the Citj Hall, and 
there are also many others of a public and private nature. One of the 



54 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

city's great attractions are the Caves of Bellamar, containing most 
beautiful stalactites and stalagmites. 

The chief warehouses, distilleries, and sugar refineries are on the 
south of the river San Juan, easil}^ accesible to railroads and lighters. 

The principal industries are rum distilling, sugar refining, and the 
manufacture of guaba jelly. There are railroad, car, and machine 
shops. Sugar and molasses are sent to the United States, amounting 
from 1891 to 1895 to 159,988,497. 

The climate is fine and Matanzas is considered the healthiest city on 
the island. 

Cardenas, with 32,000 inhabitants, is also an important commercial 
center, and occupies the third place in the value of its exports during 
the last fiscal ye&v 1902-3. 

Sugar is the chief article of export. The total exports to the United 
States in the fiscal year 1895-96 were $2,920,905, of this sugar repre- 
sented 11,872,626. About half of the imports are from the United 
States. 

The Cardenas and Jucaro Railway (Caminos de hierro de Cardenas y 
Jucaro) with main line from Cardenas to Santa Clara. 

Colon is on a branch of the Macagua Railroad. 

This municipality has of late years made great efforts in the direc- 
tion of educational advancement. It is in the heart of the sugar- 
producing region. 

PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. 

The Province of Santa Clara is bounded on the north by the Channel 
of Bahama, on the east by the Province of Camaguey, on the south by 
the Sea of the Antilles, and on the west by the Province of Matanzas. 

It is divided into six judicial districts, Santa Clara, Sagua la Grande, 
Remedios, Cienfuegos, Trinidad, and Sancti Spiritus. 

The soil of the Quaternary formation extends from the limits of 
the Matanzas Province to the north of Sagua la Chica River on the 
north coast, and to Cienfuegos on the south coast. 

The lands of the Tertiary formation are found in the northern part 
of the Province, from Sagua la Chica River to the limits of the Prov- 
ince of Camaguey, forming a wide zone, extending westward to 
the Province of Matanzas. In this zone are located, in part, the 
municipalities of Yaguajay, Remedios, Taguayabon, Vueltas, Cama- 
juani, and Sagua. On the south coast they form a narrow strip, 
beginning at the port of Cienfuegos and ending in the Province 
of Camaguey. This zone becomes wider in the central region of 
the Province, occupying a considerable extent of land. The munici- 
palities of Trinidad and Sancti Spiritus are situated in this zone. Soil 
of the same formation, occupied by the municipalities of Cartagena 
and Santa Isabela de las Lajas, can be found in the western portion of 
the Province. 



\ 



TVAT 




HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 55 

The lands of the Secondary period form two irregular bands joining 
in the west. Lands of this formation, although occupying a small 
area, can be found to the north of Cienfuegos port, in the place where 
the municipality of San Fernando is situated. 

Soil of the Primitive formation can be found on the east side of the 
Arimao River, extending to the north slope of the Siguanea. The 
renowned Manicaragua Vegas are located on this formation. 

The principal products of the Province are sugar cane, tobacco, 
cojffee, cocoa, corn, bananas, honey, wax, timber, alcohol, cattle, char- 
coal, and bark and leaves for tanning. 

Cienfuegos, having a fine harbor bearing the same name and of great 
commercial activity, occupied the second place for its exports during 
the last fiscal year. It is in latitude 22° 9' north and longitude 73° 50' 
west, on a peninsula in the bay of Yagua, 6 miles from the sea. The 
depth of water at the anchorage in the harbor is 27 feet, and at the 
different wharves from 14 to 16 feet. 

The commercial importance of the place was recognized some forty' 
j^ears ago, and has increased with the development of the sugar 
industr3\ This port is now the center of the sugar trade for the 
south of the island. It is connected by rail with Habana and the 
principal points on the north of the island. 

Sugar and tobacco are exported to the United States, and soap and 
ice are manufactured. 

The city has a beautiful plaza and its streets are wide and straight; 
its buildings are large and substantial and it is surrounded by a great 
number of the finest sugar plantations on the island. 

The climate from December until May is dry and moderately warm, 
the temperature ranging from 60° to 78° during the day and falling 
several degrees at night. At this season almost constant winds pre- 
vail from the northeast or northwest, accomp^ied by clouds of dust. 
For the rest of the year the temperature ranges from 75° to 93°, 
descending a few degrees at night. 

The population in 1899 was 30,038. 

Santa Clara, 13,763 inhabitants, capital of the Province of the same 
name, is situated in the center of the island and has railroad connection 
with all the important cities. 

Sagua la Grande, Caibarien, Remedios, Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus, 
Cruces, Camajuani, Placetas, and Tunas de Zaza are important cities. 

PROVINCE OF CAMAGUEY. 

The Province of Camaguey is bounded on the north by the channel 
of Bahama, on the east by the Province of Oriente, on the south by the 
Antilles Sea, and on the west by the Province of Santa Clara. It has 
three judicial districts, Camaguey North, Camaguey South, and 
Moron. 



56 HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 

Soil of the Quaternary period extends in a narrow strip in the 
northern part of the Province and also on the south coast from the 
port of Santa Cruz to Santiago de Cuba. Lands of this kind can be 
found also at the mouth of the Santa Clara River. 

Lands of the Tertiary formation form two parallel zones, one in the 
north and the other in the south portion of the Province. The munici- 
palities of Moron, Nuevitas, Ciego de Avila, and Santa Cruz are located 
in said zones. 

The principal products of the Province are cattle, sugar cane, wax, 
honey, timber and hemp. 

Camaguey, or Puerto Principe, has 25,102 inhabitants, and is the 
capital of the Province of the same name. The city is connected with 
the port of Nuevitas by railway and with all the other large cities of 
the island by the new railroad that crosses the island through its cen- 
ter, and is located in the heart of one of the wildest parts of the island, 
distant 528i miles from Habana and 47 miles from the port of Nuevitas 
•on the north, and about 50 from Santa Cruz on the south coast. It is 
the seat of a court of appeal. 

The manufacture of cigars is large; sugar, tobacco, wax, and honey 
are important export articles. 

Along the north coast exist three large isles known as Cayo Coco, 
Cayo Romano and Guanaja, almost desert, though possessing rich soil. 
They are inhabited .by fishermen, and the abundance of sea birds along 
the coasts is extraordinary. 

' ' La Gloria, " the American colony d eveloped after peace was restored, 
belongs to Camaguey Province. 

Some of the cities are Nuevitas, Moron, Ciego de Avila, and Santa 
Cruz. The first and last are situated by the sea. Cedar, mahogany, 
honey, and wax are shipped to the United States to the annual value 
of $300,000 to $400,000. 

PROVINCE OF ORIENTE. 

The Province of Oriente is bounded on the north b}^ the Atlantic 
Ocean; on the east by El Paso de los Vientos, or Strait of Maisi, which 
separates it from the island of Haiti or Santo Domingo; on the south 
by the Straits of Colon, which separate it from Jamaica; on the west 
by the Gulf of Guaycanaybo and the Province of Camaguey. 

It has seven judicial districts: Norte de Cuba, Sur de Cuba, Man- 
zanillo, Bayamo, Holguin, and Baracoa, the oldest city in the island, 
and Guantanamo. 

The soil of the Province of Oriente is of the Quaternary formation 
in the northern part of the Province, extending to Mangle Point; in 
the south it extends from Cape Cruz in a westerl}^ direction to the 
limits of the Province of Camaguey and again from Puerto Escondido 
to Cape Maisi. 



0^ 





HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 57 

Lands of the Tertiary period exist all along the south coa-st except- 
ing the portions from Puerto Escondido to Cape Maisi, which are, as 
stated, of the Quaternary formation. The towns of Piedras, Jiguani, 
Barajagua, and Mayari are situated on this kind of soil, as are also San 
Pedro, San Marcos, and the municipality of Gibara. 

Lands of the Secondary formation occupy the southern part of the 
Province, from Cape Cruz to Guantanamo, and thence to the northeast 
to the mountains of Toa. This is the richest mineral region in the 
ProTince. 

Lands of the Primitive formation are found only to the northeast 
of the port of Manati, and in a limited district. 

Igneous soil forms a wide zone embracing the municipalities of 
Ba3^amo, Holguin, and Victoria de las Tunas; all the northern slope 
of the. Sierra Maestra is also of the same kind of soil, being crossed by 
strips of the Secondary formation. 

The principal products of the Province are minerals, cotfee, sugar 
cane, tobacco, cocoa, wax, honey, cocoanuts, bananas, and timber. 

This Province contains the principal mountain ranges of Cuba. 
Commencing at Cape Maisi the land rises in a series of irregular ter- 
races of limestone rock until an elevation of about 1,500 feet is reached, 
then gradually slopes upward, mingling with a series of irregular 
mountains which extend from the north to the south coast. These 
mountains are extremely precipitous and irregular, and are covered 
with vegetation almost to the summits. They are fairly well supplied 
with water by numerous small springs, but are so rough that no roads 
have ever been constructed through them, and all traffic between the 
north and south coast in the vicinity of Maisi, and for 80 miles to the 
westward, has always been by trail. The mountains in this portion of 
Cuba rise to an elevation of about 4,000 feet. Seventy miles from Cape 
Maisi, on the south coast, the country flattens out and the mountains 
recede from the ocean, leaving a large and comparatively level plain, 
indented by a deep, irregular harbor, furnishing excellent anchorage 
for any amount of shipping. This plain is known as the Guantanamo 
Valley, and the harbor is the harbor of Guantanamo. The Guanta- 
namo River is a stream of considerable size and navigable for light- 
draft boats for about 6 miles. It drains the mountains and country 
adjacent to the valley. The valley of Guantanamo is extremely fertile, 
and contains some of the largest and best sugar plantations in Cuba. 
Between Guantanamo and Cape Maisi, on the south coast, there are no 
settlements to speak of — now and then fishermen's huts perched on the 
precipitous sides of the mountains near the ocean. On the north coast, 
about half a mile from the cape, is " Cape Maisi Light," a light of the 
first class. 

The coast of Oriente Province, west of Guantanamo, is extremely 
rough and mountainous. The mountains here reach an altitude of 



58 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

5,500 feet and extend down to the sea. Between Guantanamo and 
Santiago the remains of an old wagon road are seen, but it is out of 
repair and extremely rough and dangerous to pass over, i^t a point 
about 25 miles west of Guantanamo the mountains commence to bend 
back from the seacoast, leaving near the sea one or two ranges of 
comparativelv low foothills. In the second row of these foothills are 
situated the large iron mines of the Juragua and Spanish- A-merican 
iron companies. The first settlement on the coast between Guanta- 
namo and Santiago is Daiquiri. The Spanish -American Company's iron 
mines are situated about 6 miles back from Daiquiri, at an elevation 
of nearly 700 feet above the sea. A broad-gauge railroad connects 
these mines with the ocean, where a large pier with extensive ore bins 
has been constructed. The output of these mines is increasing, and 
there seems to be comparatively no end to the ore in sight. 

Eight and a half miles farther to the westwa^'d is the village of 
Siboney. Running along the seacoast is a narrow-gauge railroad 
belonging to the Juragua Iron Company, whose mines are situated 
back of Siboney, and, like those of the Spanish- American Company, 
about 6 miles from the seacoast. The output of this cpmpan}^ is large. 
From Siboney to Santiago there is a wagon road passing through a 
rather low, swampy vallej^, in which were formerly some rather large 
sugar plantations. Along the sides of the mountains are the sites of 
many old coffee plantations. As we approach Santiago the moun- 
tains recede farther and farther from the coast, leaving another 
large, irregular valley covered with rolling hills, in which are situated 
the city of Santiago, the villages of Caney, Cubitas, Dos Bocas, Boni- 
ato, and Cobre. A large portion of this valley was formerly under 
cultivation, the largest plantations being sugar. The hills were cov- 
ered in former times with coffee plantations, owned and controlled 
largely by Frenchmen, refugees from Haiti. 

Santiago is a city of about 13,000 people, founded in 1514:. It is 
situated on a limestone hill, 160 feet high, and is at the northeast 
extremit}'^ of the harbor. The harbor is about 4^ miles long, and 
varies from a few hundred yards to a mile and a half in width. It has 
sufficient water for the largest ships up to a point within half a mile 
of the present wharves. It is completely landlocked and furnishes 
an absolutely safe harbor. At Cobre are located large copper mines, 
which formerl}^ were famous for their large output ot high-grade 
copper ore. Santiago is connected with the interior by a standard 
gauge railroad, running through a pass in the mountains to San Luis, 
and sending a branch off to the north and eastward to the old Saba- 
nilla plantation. The entire line consists of about 45 miles of road. 
The pass through which it reaches the interior is about the only avail- 
able one for a railroad, a fact which gives this road considerable 
importance; this line forms part to-day of the road from Santiago to 




THE SURRENDER TREE NEAR SAN JUAN HILL. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 59 

Santa Clara. Tlie mountains around Santiago form almost a contin- 
uous rim. On the east the Sierra Maestre rises to an altitude of 
5,600 feet. This gradually slopes down to an almost even ridge of 
grass-covered hills or small mountains, varying in height from 1,000 
to 1,800 feet, and rising again on the west to a height of nearly 
6,000 feet. The effect is very pleasing, and the bay and the city 
appear to be completely hemmed in by the mountains. Passing over 
the lower part of the encircling range are the remains of several old 
roads leading to the interior, which must have been built with great 
labor and expense. These were constructed, some of them, over two 
hundred 3^ears ago, but for the last fifty or sixty j^ears have been 
allowed to fall into almost complete ruin. One of them, the Camino 
de-la Isla, or Island road, formerly ran from Santiago to Habana. 

After passing over the low rim of mountains directly back of the 
city, the traveler finds himself on the edge of the great central plateau 
of this portion of Cuba. To the eastward the plateau sweeps around 
the coast range of mountains connecting with the head of the Guanta- 
namo Valley, gradually losing itself in the foothills of the mountains, 
which cover the whole breadth of the eastern portion of the island. 
To the northward it runs for nearly a hundred miles in an almost 
unbroken succession of wonderfully rich tracts of agricultural land, 
with here and there a high range of hills. It is well watered b}^ numer- 
ous streams, and presents almost limitless possibilities in the way of 
cultivation and development. Throughout the center of this great 
plateau are still found large forests of mahogany and cedar, as well as 
other valuable woods. 

To the westward this valley swings around the coast range of moun- 
tains and joins the great valle}^ extending from Bayamo to Manzanillo, 
and to the north and west it connects with the level rolling country of 
Camagiiey. 

Returning to the seacoast, west of Santiago, we find the mountains 
rising to the height of over 7,000 feet and extending down to the water's 
edge. In fact, from Maisi to Cape Cruz the mountains at most points 
rise from the sea, which is to all intents and purposes fathomless, and 
anchorages are few and far between. There are numerous small har- 
bors, none of them practicable for large ships, between Santiago and 
Cape Cruz, which is about 118 miles to the westward. At Cape Cruz 
the coast bends sharply to the northward and the mountains fall back 
from the sea. This is the commencement of the great valley or plain 
of Manzanillo, which extends from the mountains on the east to the 
Cauto River on the west and north, and rims inland, becoming merged 
in the great central plateau of the island, 

Manzanillo is situated at the head of the Bay or Gulf of Manzanillo 
on the border of a great level and extremel}^ fertile plain, in which are 
some of the finest sugar plantations in Cuba. Years ago a railroad 



60 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

was projected and a small portion of it built from Manzanillo toward 
Ba3^amo, but for some reason the project was abandoned. The con- 
struction of this railroad will be of the greatest benefit to the country. 
From Manzanillo to Bayamo the country is a level plain of great width 
and wonderful richness. It will compare advantageously with the 
richest adobe soil of southern California. The greatest needs here are 
good wagon roads and a railroad, for, while this plain is easily trav- 
ersed in dry weather, it becomes literally impassable after a few heavy 
rains. All this magnificent country is practically undeveloped. Its 
extreme fertility and richness can only be appreciated by those who 
have ridden over it. It is comparatively well watered, and is bound 
in the future to become the source of great wealth and prosperity. 
On the west, and sweeping completely around the head of this valley, 
is the Cauto River, the largest of all the Cuban rivers, and navigable 
for light-draft vessels for 60 miles from its mouth. At the head of 
the valley where it joins the table-land is situated the old town of 
Ba3^amo, a picturesque old place, now largely in ruins. It was destroyed 
during the Ten Years' War to prevent its capture bj'^ the Spaniards. 
Twent}^ miles beyond is the old town of Jiguani. Years ago about 
these towns were almost countless herds of cattle and horses, but these 
entirely disappeared during the Ten Years' War, onl}^ to again recover 
their old importance since the advent of the Republic. From Bayamo 
to the north coast we have a beautiful i-olling country, broken by 
great forests of timber such as are found north of Santiago. Return- 
ing to the north coast, and starting westward from Baracoa, we find 
the coast still loft}^ and mountainous. 

Baracoa, which is 20 miles to the west of Cape Maisi, is the oldest 
settlement in Cuba, and was founded in 1512 by Velasquez. The 
harbor is small and comparatively shallow. The countr}?- is rough 
and mountainous, but extremely picturesque and beautiful. The 
principal industry is the cultivation of cocoanuts and bananas; some 
tobacco is grown, although this is limited in amount. The natives of 
Baracoa are very skillful in manufacturing articles from tortoise 
shell. 

The first harbor of importance west of Baracoa is the Bay of Nipe. 
This is probably one of the finest harbors in the world. The entrance 
is narrow but deep (nearly 10 fathoms on the bar), with high cliffs on 
either side. Suddenly one emerges into what seems almost like an 
inland sea. This magnificent harbor is about 15 miles long and 8 or 9 
miles wide. It is completel}^ sheltered from the ocean by a high 
range of hills, which shut it off entirel}^ from view. Flowing into it 
are two comparatively large streams, the large one known as the 
Mayari River. This river is navigable for boats and scows for about 
15 miles, up to the town of Mayari. About Mayari are some of the 
best tobacco lands in Cuba; also large forests of hard wood. The 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 61 

country is wonderfully fertile, and presents great opportunities for 
the enterprising agriculturist and investor. Almost any kind of fruit 
can be grown here in the greatest abundance. Commencing at the 
Bay of Nipe the mountains recede from the ocean and practically come 
to an end, so far as their extension westward is concerned. They 
swing south and gradually merge into the central plain. The country 
about Nipe and farther on to the border of Camagiiey is low and 
rolling, and in former times was the seat of great tobacco and sugar 
plantations, as well as the cultivation of bananas. 

The next port westward of Nipe is Banes — another excellent harbor, 
much like Nipe, but smaller and difficult to enter on account of strong 
currents. The entrance is deep, narrow, and bordered by high cliffs, 
and is known as the Canyon of Banes. This entrance is about 3 miles 
long, and suddenly merges into the beautiful harbor. The vicinity of 
Banes is one of the greatest banana-producing districts in Cuba, and 
it is not unusual to load a steamer a day with this fruit. 

The land all about this ba}^ is very much like that about the Bay of 
. Nipe. It is wonderfully rich and will grow, generally speaking, any- 
thing which can be grown in the Tropics. From Banes a standard- 
gauge railroad runs up to the plantations. 

About 6 miles from the port is the little town of Banes. This town, 
like most others in this section of Cuba, was almost entirely destroyed 
during the war, but is now built up. All this section presents splendid 
opportunities for investment. 

Still farther to the westward we come to the harbor of Vita, with its 
deep, narrow entrance, like all the eastern harbors of Cuba. Once 
inside one tinds an absolutely quiet, landlocked harbor, at the head of 
which is situated the terminus of the Santa Lucia Railroad and the 
large warehouse and storehouses of the great Santa Lucia sugar plan- 
tation. A standard-gauge railroad runs from the dock to the planta- 
tion and to its various cane fields. This estate has on it some 25 or 30 
miles of railroad, and has within its limits 110,000 acres of land, many 
thousand of which are under sugar-cane cultivation. In the town of 
Santa Lucia, situated near the great central mill, are over 3,000 inhab- 
itants, made up entirely of the employees of the estate and their fami- 
lies. It is quite worth a trip to Cuba to go over this sugar plantation 
and study the scientific methods employed. 

Still farther to the westward is the old town of Gibara. The harbor 
of Gibara is of fair size. On the town side the depth of water is not 
sufficient for large ships, and all cargoes have to be discharged by 
lightering. The town is a quaint and picturesque old Spanish town, 
entirely inclosed by a wall, along which are scattered masonrj^ block- 
houses. This town, or port, has been for years the port of entry for 
all the northern portion of the Province of Oriente. 



62 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Twenty miles in the interior is situated the old town of Holguin, 
connected with Gibara by a narrow-gauge road in good condition and 
repair. Gibara has always been largely commercial. Holguin, on 
the contrary, in the midst of an agricultural and grazing country, is 
dependent on these industries for its resources. About Holguin, as 
elsewhere in the Province, there is evidence of an extensive ruin and 
destruction wrought b}^ the wars, and here, also, the cattle and agri- 
cultural industries are but now recovering. The town is situated in a 
rolling, barren country, reminding one very much of certain sections 
in New Mexico. In former times small amounts of gold were washed 
in the streams near Holguin, and now and then reports are circulated 
relating to the rediscoveries of old placer mines. Holguin is con- 
nected with Bayamo by a passable road. 

Passing westward from Gibara, the next port of importance is 
Puerto Padre. Here we have another of those magnificent Cuban 
harbors, with its deep narrow entrance and extensive inner harbor. 
Puerto Padre is at the head of the harbor and is a small and compara- 
tively prosperous village. The country back of Puerto Padre is low 
and rolling and has several large sugar plantations. Central Chaparra, 
one of the largest sugar plantations of (Xiba, has recently been erected 
in this neighborhood, employing over 4,000 laborers of all kinds. 

About 40 miles inland is the old town of Victoria de las Tunas. 
This town was practically destroyed during the recent war. The 
country all through this section is low and rolling and suitable for 
either grazing or agriculture. 

Taken as a whole the Province of Oriente presents wonderful oppor- 
tunities for industrious Americans. The country is healthy. Sun- 
stroke is unknown; heat prostration is rare. It is necessary to avoid 
working in the middle of the da}^, especially during the first year or 
two of one's residence on the island. 

Along the northern coast of the Province rain falls every month in 
the year, although the same general conditions apply there as on the 
south coast — that is, the rainy season commences in the latter part of 
April or early May, and it is indicated bj- an occasional heavy rain at 
rather long intervals. In June there is temporary cessation in the 
rainfall, and in July the real rainy season commences and almost daily 
rains can be expected until the latter part of August or middle of Sep- 
tember. These rains are not long continued, but are shai'p and sudden, 
followed by a fair sky and sunshine. They may occur only once a day 
or possibly several times. On the south coast the late fall, winter, and 
spring months are practically without rain. The real rainy season 
commences at the same time as on the north coast and has the 
same duration. The rainfall in the interior during the rainy season is 
much more heav,y and constant than on either coast and pours in tor- 
rents. On the seacoast the rains are unusually short and sharp. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 63 

The general character of the soil in the extreme eastern end of the 
Province is rocky and barren, except in the narrower valleys between 
the mountains, where it is extremely rich but very limited in extent. 
Farther westward we enter upon the rich plains of Guantanarao, Man- 
zanillo, Bayamo, etc. ; we find a rich adobe soil of great depth and of 
almost inexhaustible richness. Through the interior of the island this 
same characteristic obtains, only now and then do we find the clay or 
loam cropping out. Generally speaking, it can be said that all com- 
paratively level tracts of land are highly fertile. As to the products 
of the soil, almost all vegetables grow rapidly and quickly, but lose 
flavor unless fresh seeds are brought in every two or three years. 
The tropical fruits all grow in the greatest abundance — especially is 
this true of the different kind of bananas. Cocoanuts grow in the 
greatest abundance, also figs, although no attention is paid to their 
cultivation. Limes and lemons grow wild, as do many tropical fruits 
unknown to us, such as the nispero, anoncillo, sapote, mamey, plan- 
tain, guanabana, caimito, anon, pineapple, and oranges; also the much 
abused mango in unlimited quantities. Ordinary "garden truck" 
grows with great rapidity and is of good quality, but like the vege- 
tables and seeds should be changed frequently. Oranges of excellent 
quality grow wild. 

There is every reason to believe that the very best quality of 
oranges can be grown here, and that there is a great future for the 
orange industry. Excellent tobacco is also grown all about the Bay 
of Nipe and along the Mayari Eiver. This tobacco is rated second 
only to the best Pinar del Rio tobacco. Sugar, of course, had been 
for many years the principal product of the soil. The larger sugar 
estates are at Guaatanamo, at San Luis and vicinity on the plateau 
back of Santiago, at Manzanillo, and along the north coast of Vita and 
Puerto Padre, etc. At these large plantations are found modern 
machinery and appliances, and the development of the sugar industiy 
is carried on upon a strictly scientific basis. The land is largely loaned 
to the workingmen, who agree to turn in the cane at the "central" or 
mill of the owner of the land. He pays them not by the g^ross weight 
of the cane, but in accordance with the percentage of sugar the cane 
produces. This is an incentive, of course, to produce the very best 
kind of cane. All through the extreme eastern part of the island, 
along the mountain ranges and' hillsides, are the remains of almost 
numberless coffee plantations. This was formerly a great industry in 
eastern Cuba, but like almost everything else it was totally destroyed 
by the Ten Years' War and the recent war. These plantations were 
principally established by French refugees from Haiti, who came to 
Cuba after the rising of the negroes against their French masters. 
These coffee plantations were a great source of revenue to their 
owners and to the State for many years. The coffee grown was of 



64 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

excellent quality and, like the best grades of the present Porto Rican 
coffee, commanded very high prices in the markets of Europe. The 
cocoa was also grown extensively bj'^ these same Frenchmen, cocoa and 
coffee bushes being cultivated together, the former furnishing the 
necessary shade for the latter. All over the mountains one finds the 
ruins of coffee plantations and all through the valleys the ruins of 
sugar plantations. 

The Province of Oriente includes the richest mineral region in the 
island of Cuba. The deposits of iron, copper, and manganese have 
long been known and have been extensively and successfully worked. 
In addition to the minerals mentioned there are found zinc and lead. 

The deposits of copper in the vicinity of Cobre were formerly 
worked with great success, but for many years nothing has been pro- 
duced from them. 

The iron mines near Daiquiri and Jaragua have been successfully 
producing for several years and continue to be worked. Considerable 
deposits of manganese exist in the neighborhood of Songo and Socorro 
and are profitably worked now. 

The deposits of zinc, lead, and other ores have not been exploited. 
Coal of poor quality exists in small deposits. Evidences of petroleum 
have been found in the western part of the Province, near the south 
coast. Asphaltic rock, believed to be suitable for paving and similar 
purposes, has been found but has never been utilized. Gold was for- 
merly produced in small quantities, but no paying deposits are now 
known to exist. 

Santiago de Cuba, the capital of the Province, has a fine harbor, 
beautiful drives, and rich mines of iron, copper, and manganese in its 
immediate neighborhood. ' 

There are a number of tobacco factories, but the chief business is the 
exportation of raw materials, and the importation of manufactured 
goods and provisions. Sugar, iron ore, manganese, copper, coffee, 
cocoa, fruits, and timber are the principal products. 

The city is full of historical interest; the battles of San Juan and 
Caney, the»peace tree, and the remains of the Spanish squadron, de- 
stroyed outside of the harbor of Santiago, have made it a most inter- 
esting place to visit for Americans. 



CHAPTER V. 

REVIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL WEALTH— LANDS, THEIR CLAS- 
SIFICATION AND VALUE IN THE DIFFERENT PROVINCES- 
FACILITIES FOR OBTAINING GOVERNMENT LANDS; LAWS 
GOVERNING SAME- FOREST AND PRODUCTS— PRINCIPAL 
PRODUCTS; THEIR CULTIVATION, USE, AND DISPOSITION- 
PLANTS CULTIVATED— TRUCK GARDENS— SIZE OF FARMS AND 
ACREAGE OF CROPS— FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 



REVIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL WEALTH. 

Cuba is essentially an agricultural country, and prior to the last war 
there were nearl}^ a hundred thousand (90,960) plantations, farms, 
orchards, and cattle ranges, valued at 220,000,000 pesos ($200,000,000). 
Of manufactories there were practically none, if we except the cigar 
factories and the sugar mills producing raw sugar, molasses, and rum. 

In early colonial days the principal industry was cattle raising, very 
little attention being paid to agriculture for two hundred and fifty 
years after the settlement of the island. The chief agricultural prod- 
ucts of Cuba are sugar, tobacco, and fruit, and the cultivation of 
oranges for exportation has of late augmented. Very little more cof- 
fee is cultivated than is required for home consumption, although it 
was once a promising industry. The soil and climate of the eastern 
Provinces are well adapted to the growth of the coffee berry, and it is 
said to equal in flavor the best coffee of the West India Islands. No 
doubt coffee culture will again be revived and extensively developed, 
and we may expect to see in Cuba a revival of the once famous 
"cafetales," or coffee plantations. 

Fruits and vegetables of all kinds are being exported in large quan- 
tities, especially pineaples, cocoanuts, bananas, potatoes, tomatoes, etc. 
The Cuban potato, hitherto unknown to the world, has made its 
appearance in the United States markets during the last few years, 
and is already a dreaded rival of the once famous Bermuda tuber. 

The fact that frost is unknown in Cuba, which greatly diminishes 
the dangers to the crops, and the unquestionable excellence of the 
Cuban fruits and vegetables,, are all-powerful factors, which will 
no doubt contribute toward the spreading of the Cuban fruit and 
vegetable trade. 

159a— 05 5 65 



66 HANDBOOK OE^ CUBA. 

The island of Cuba can not be divided properly into agricultural 
zones or sections, as is the case on the continents, principally Europe, 
not only on account of the comparatively small area of its territory, 
but above all, due to the uniformity of its climate, the nature of its 
soil, and many other causes that have an influence on vegetable life; 
therefore it is not possible to assign a special region to cane or another 
to tobacco, for, although the jQnest tobacco leaf is confined to limited 
localities in Pinar del Rio, this plant as well as sugar cane is cultivated 
all over the island with more or less success. 

LANDS. 

CLASSIFICATION AND VALUE. 

The cultivable lands of Cuba contain all the elements necessary 
for the richest and most varied vegetation, and are classified by the 
natives according to their composition, color and aspect, as red, black, 
mulatto (a mixture of both colors), and white clayey (a calcareous 
whitish clay) ; the red earth is subdivided by the natives into rocky 
and dusty ; but soil, according to its composition, may be devided into 
four difierent classes, siliceous, clayey, calcareous, and alluvial. 

The black, red, and mulatto lands are the best for all kinds of plant- 
ing, the sandy soil of certain localities being preferred for tobacco, as 
it produces the finest and most aromatic leaf. 

The value of land depends upon many and varied circumstances, 
the principal being its proximity to settled portions of the country, 
the facilities for communication and transportation, the class of 
products to which it can be devoted, nature of the soil and altitude, 
whether well watered or not, and lastly the quantity of land desired; 
hence values can not be considered except as approximate. However, 
taking as a basis tracts of less than 8 or 10 caballerias (a caballeria is 
equal to 33.16 acres or 13.42 hectares) and under the conditions set 
forth, it can be safely stated that in the Province of Pinar del Rio 
there are lands worth $200 a caballeria; but when it is desired to pur- 
chase a portion of its celebrated "vegas" or tobacco farms, a high 
price must be paid. The value of lands in Habana Province is 
between $400 and $2,000 the caballeria, but those situated in the 
municipal districts of Giiines, many of which are irrigated, of course 
obtain still higher prices. 

Lands in Santa Clara and Matanzas Provinces vary from $300 to 
a caballeria, and in Camagiiey and Oriente between $100 and 
If large tracts are purchased these prices fall sometimes to 
less than $100 a caballeria. 

The wooded lands of the Republic of Cuba comprise a considerable 
area, and can be calculated approximate!}^ at 109,422 caballerias, or 
1,468,443 hectares, 3,628,433.52 acres, of which 13 per cent are found 
in Pinar del Rio Province, 3 per cent in Habana, 3 per cent in Matan- 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 67 

zas, 12,5 per cent in Santa Clara, 34 per cent in Camagiiey and 34.5 
per cent in Oriente. 

These wooded lands, many of them unexplored forests, contain tim- 
ber of all kinds, valuable for building- purposes, the bark for tanning, 
the fibers for the rope industry, and the gum or resin for commercial 
uses. There are also fruit trees and others producing seeds used for 
the manufacture of oil. 

In the above are included about 496,540 hectares (1,226,950.34 acres), 
33.82 per cent of the total area, considered as public forest lands, 
which formerly were not subject to sale or rent; but according to a 
recent law, passed Januarj^^ 30 of the present year, the President of 
the Republic has been empowered to sell at public auction waste and 
unsettled lands belonging to the Government not used by the same 
and inscribed in the public registers as Government property. In 
payment of these lands the certificates of warrants issued according to 
the law of July 24, 1903, to the soldiers of the war for independence, 
will be accepted. 

The lands above referred to are divided as follows among the 
Provinces: 

Hectares. Acres. 

Oriente 210,200=519,204.2 

Camaguey (Puerto Principe) 35,680= 88,165.20 

Santa Clara 124,660=308,034.80 

Matanzas <- 46, 000=113, 666. 00 

Habana 20, 000= 49, 420. 00 

Pinar del Rio 60, 000=148, 260. 00 

A portion of these forest lands is under the jurisdiction of the 
department of agriculture, and has not been surveyed, and a portion 
under the department of finance. Parts of these lands have been 
rented and others have been disposed of in the form of grants, the 
Government holding an unlimited mortgage or "censo," with interest 
at 5 per cent per annum, upon the value fixed for said lands. 

The income derived from the exploitation by private parties of forest 
rights and privileges granted by the Government was, during the last 
fiscal year, |3,478.20, as against $297.50 the preceding year. The 
former consisted mainly in the extraction of lumber, principally 
mahogany and cedar, firewood and charcoal, and barks for tanning 
purposes. 

The average price obtained for lumber varies according to the kind 
of wood, the principal being mahogany and cedar, worth, say, $27 to 
$100 and $25 to $50 per 100 feet, respectively, according to the grade 
and Province where the sale is made. Jucaro and Yaba are worth $7 
per 100 feet; Ayua, $15 per 100 feet; Granadillo, Yamaguey, and Cerilla, 
$25 to $30 a ton. 

The quintal (100 pounds) of mangrove leaves is paid at from 25 cents 
to $1.18, and the bark from 79 cents to $1.41. 



68 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



SYSTEM OF CULTIVATION. 



In Cuba, as in every new country, where there are extensive tracts 
of unexplored lands, the system of planting over an extended area 
prevails. The first plantings are made on cleared lands. The timber 
from these clearings is used for fuel or charcoal. The fields are 
burned during the dry season, leaving a layer of ashes or mineral 
substances on the ground. 

When the rainy season sets in and the ground has received sufi&cient 
moisture to favor the germination of plants, holes are made with the 
"jan" (a pointed instrument of native construction made- of hard 
wood), or with a spade, and in the holes are placed a piece of cane, an 
offshoot of the banana, a tuber of the yucca, a sweet-potato vine, a 
part of a potato, grains of corn, etc. ; in other words, whatever plant 
it is desired to cultivate. 

In this manner the crops are obtained, their number varying 
according to the natural fertility of the soil and the requirements of 
the plant that has been set out. The soil naturally grows less pro- 
ductive as the elements taken from it by the crops are not returned 
to it; and after a time it is necessary to plow it, in order that its pro- 
ductive elements may be again in condition to be assimilated. But 
when these elements have been consumed by a series of crops the soil 
will become unproductive or " tired," as the natives call it, and it 
becomes necessary to return to the earth its strength by the use of 
fertilizers, or to abandon its cultivation. The latter is the course gen- 
rally pursued, and another clearing is made in the forest and the same 
system gone over again. This has been properly called by the great 
agriculturist Liebig " a system of cultivation by expoliation," because 
it contributes to the living of the present at the expense of future 
generations. The fact is that in the island of Cuba, a country thinly 
populated and with great tracts of uncultivated territory, there is a 
total want of proportion between the three factors of agricultural 
production — an extensive territor}^, with a small amount of capital and 
labor — and it is only logical that the area cultivated is very much 
extended with corresponding dissemination of the remaining elements, 
obtaining the smallest results. 

For this condition of affairs to change it is necessary to do every- 
thing possible to increase the population of the island and that agri- 
cultural experiment stations be established where investigations can 
be made for the purpose of arriving at a perfect knowledge of its ter- 
ritory, its adaptability to agriculture, and of the systems to be applied 
for the improvement of the plants at present under cultivation; and 
only in this way will the island of Cuba modify its present extensive 
system of planting changing to an intensive S3- stem by which the max- 
imum amount of production can be obtained from the minimum area 
cultivated. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 69 

The Government with a view to contributing to these results, and 
finding that the industrial school which had been established at San- 
tiago de las Vegas did not fill any practical end as such, or considered 
as a charitable institution, proposed to the Cuban Congress in Novem- 
ber, 1903, to transform the school into an agricultural experiment 
station, and for that purpose an appropriation of $75,000 was made in 
the budget approved in January of last year. This useful plan 
is now being carried into effect under the able management of 
Mr. Frank S. Earle, agricultural expert attached to the Department 
of Agriculture of the United States, who has been engaged to organ- 
ize, direct, and manage the Cuban agricultural experiment station. 
For the present it is proposed to divide the work into six departments, 
as follows: General agriculture, animal industry, including veterinary 
science, horticulture, biolog}^, a study of the chemical and ph3^sical 
conditions of the soil, botany, and vegetable patholog}'-, including 
entomology. 

This first station once established and in running order, its success 
will show the advisability of creating others, especially in those sec- 
tions of the countr}^ adapted to the production of certain kinds of 
plants, and these in turn will operate as auxiliaries to the central sta- 
tion at Santiago de las Vegas. 

CULTIVATION IN THE PROVINCES. 

Toward the western and southern portions of the Province of 
Habana, in the municipal districts of Alquizar and Guira de Helena, 
may be found red lands where excellent tobacco, known as "partido" 
(tobacco cultivated outside of the tobacco zone proper), is raised, as 
well as coffee, bananas, and oranges. Toward the eastern and cen- 
tral portions of the same Province in Guines, Helena del Sur, Nueva 
Paz, and San Nicolas, exist lands of black earth that give a very good 
qualit}^ of cane. Irrigation is practiced upon a small scale in Guines; 
and vegetables, greens, potatoes, and onions are raised in abundance, 
supplying Habana's market with the last two named during the season 
when they can not be imported. 

The municipalities of Jovellanos, Corral Falso, Perico, Bolondron, 
and Union de Reyes, possess red lands of a very good quality suitable 
for the cultivation of sugar cane, coffee, oranges, bananas, and vegeta- 
bles. In Alacranes, Jaguey Grande, Haximo Gomez, and Limonar 
may be found lands with clayey— siliceous, chalk}^ — damp, black, or 
mulatto soils, quite deep and suitable for cane, with the exception of 
a few that are somewhat damp or moist. 

Great floods occur at times at Carlos Rojas and San Jose de los 
Ramos during years of heavy rains, owing to the risings of the rivers 
that cross that region, many of which are subterranean. 

In conclusion, the principal products of Hatanzas Province are 
sugar, alcohol, and -several kinds of building woods. 



70 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

The Tertiary lands of Pinar del Rio Province, which are composed 
of a siliceous-clayey-chalky-damp soil, are considered the best for 
the- cultivation of tobacco, particularly in the southern portion, where 
the most famous tobacco plantations are situated. 

The Secondary lands are of poor quality, only some coffee being 
cultivated thereon and are used mostly for stock raising. 

The principal products of the Province of Santa Clara are sugar 
cane, tobacco, corn, bananas, honey, beeswax, and alcohol. 

Cattle breeding constitutes the principal source of wealth of Cama- 
giiey, although sugar cane is cultivated, as well as hemp. Some 
attention is paid to bee culture. 

The principal products of the Province of Oriente are coffee, cocoa, 
and sugar cane, excepting various large tracts in the Baracoa districts, 
which are devoted to the cultivation of bananas for export to the 
United States. 

SALE OF RURAL PROPERTY. 

If title to the property is clear and it is presented according to law, 
any encumbrance said property may have must be certified to by the 
recorder of deeds where the farm is registered; with this proof in 
hand, the deed is issued before a notary public, canceling the mort- 
gages if desired or acknowledging them in the property bought and 
sold. The deed is then presented in the treasury for the payment of 
the fees for transferring the property, and it is then taken to the 
recorder of deeds for reference. 

The fiscal fee is 1 per cent on the amount of the sale. The notary's 
fee for acknowledging the deed amounts to |8 per $1,000, and that for 
recording same varies according to the value of the estate, subject to 
the tariff annexed to the mortgage law in force at the time. 

In addition to the above charges the only items of expense to be 
paid are those occasioned upon the issuance of the certificate by the 
recorder of deeds, required before the deed is made out in order to 
ascertain whether it is encumbered or not. The fee charged for this 
instrument is also mentioned in the tariff and depends upon the number 
of entries that are to be searched by the recorder. 

The proceedings above set forth are those generally followed in 
transactions in buying and selling rural lands already-surveyed and 
marked out, as are almost all existing in the Provinces of Habana, 
Matanzas, and Pinar del Rio; but there are a great many in the Prov- 
inces of Oriente, Camaguey, and Santa Clara known as "haciendas 
comuneras" (property held in common) that, inasmuch as they lack as 
yet demarcation, and belong jointly to several owners in proportion 
to the amount of capital recognized in each in the property, can only 
be acquired through other and more complicated proceedings requiring 
the advice jf persons well versed in the matter. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 71 

PUBLIC LANDS. 

The following statement shows the extent of the public lands, 
including forests: 



Province. 


Area. 


Oriente 


Hectares. 

175,200 

2, 586 

9,181 


Acres. 
432, 744 
6,387 
22, 677 


CarQaRiiey 


Santa Clara 


Matanzas 


Habana 






Pinar del Rio ----- - 














Total 


186, 967 


461 808 







CONDITION. 

In regard to the condition in which these public lands are, it must 
be stated that the limits or boundaries are not fixed, and in consequence 
they have not been entered in the registry of property (registro de la 
propiedad). 

These lands are covered with forests, and as most of them are 
situated in the interior of the island no availments can be made owing 
to the absence of roads. Some of the public lands under the care of 
the department of finance are rented and other portions have been 
ceded to private parties in consideration of an annual tribute of 5 per 
cent of the value assigned to each caballeria (33 acres). 

OLD CONCESSIONS. 

When Spain took possession of the island of Cuba large portions of 
lands were ceded to the Spanish settlers with the object of promoting 
the breeding of cattle of every kind. These concessions were called 
"mercedes" and were granted by the municipalities from the year 
1550 to 1729, when further grants were prohibited. At first the 
geometric form and the surface of the lands ceded were unknown, the 
word "sabana" being used to express the concession of the land 
granted for breeding large cattle, and the word "sitio" for those 
granted for breeding swine and other minor cattle. 

In 1579 it was agreed to fix the boundaries of these lands, and the 
circular form was adopted, allowing a radius of 1 Cuban league to the 
"corral" (421^ caballerias, or 5,651 hectares = 13,958 acres) and 2 
leagues to the radius of the "hato" (l,684i caballerias, or 22,606 
hectares=55,837 acres). The names "hato" and "corral" were sub- 
stituted for "sabana" and "sitio." 

FORESTS AND FOREST PRODUCTS. 

The area of the public forests of the island of Cuba, it can be assured, 
is not less than 37,000 caballerias, or 496,510 hectares (1,226,454 acres), 
existing in the several Provinces in which the island is actually sub- 



72 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



divided. The most important Provinces in this respect are Oriente 
and Santa Clara. In the aforementioned area are included the forest 
of the littoral and those on the isles and keys surrounding the island, 
the main production of which is wood for fuel and bark and leaves of 
the red mangrove; also "pataban," used for tanning purposes. The 
timber forests of the property of the municipality of Jiguani, with an 
area of 46,759 hectares (115,591 acres), have also been included, as 
they are considered public forests. Following is a statement of the 
public forests in each Province: 



Area. 



Oriente 

Santa Clara . . 
Pinar del Rio 

Matanzas 

Camagiiey . . . 
Habana 

Total... 



Hectares. 


Acres. 


210, 200 


519, 194 


124, 660 


307, 910 


60,000 


148, 200 


46,000 


113, 620 


35, 680 


88, 130 


20, 000 


49, 400 



1, 226, 454 



The names and the applicability of the trees are as follows: 

FOR CONSTRUCTION. 



Common name. 


Technical name. 


Common name. 


Technical name. 




Bassia albescens. 
Laplacea curtyana. 
Erytroxylum obovatum. 
Zanthoxylum bombacifo- 

lium. 
Cordia gerascanthoides. 
Byrsonima lucida. 
Swietenia mahogani. 
Cedrela odorata. 
Bumelia nigra. 
Cerasus occidentalis. 
Cbuncoa abovate. 
Calicophyllum candidissi- 

mum. 
Madura tintorea. 
Rhus metopium. 
Lenchocarpus tatifolius. 
Casearia totiodes. 


Guayacan 


Guajacum officinale. 




Byrsonima lucida. 




Jamaquey 

Jiqui de costa 

Jocuma' prieto 

Juearo prieto 

Maboa 


Belaira mucronata. 


Abua amarilla 

Baria 


Malpighia obovata. 
Syderoxylon mastichoden- 
dron. 


Carne de doncella. 


Busida capitata. 
Cameraria latifolia. 


Cedro 


Majagua 


Hibiscus tiliaceus. 




Moruro de costa . . 
Quiebra hacha . . . 

Roble real 

Sabicu 


Acacia littoralis. 




Copaifera hymenofolia. 


Chicharron prieto. 


Tecoma longiflora. 
Lysiloma sabico. 




Tengue 


Poeppigia procera. 
Andira inermis. 




Yaba 




Yaiti . 


Excocaria lucida. 


Frijolillo amarillo. 


Yaya 


Gualteria virgata. 











FOR TANNING. 



Los guayabos 

Maraiion 

Moruro de sabana . 
Peralejo de sabana 



Psidium. 

Anacardium occidentalis. 
Petophorum adriatum. 
Byrsonima crassifolia. 



Mangle Colorado . 
Mangle bianco . . . 

Encina 

Pataban 



Rhizophora mangle. 
Avicennia nitida. 
Quercus virens. 
Lagunicularia racemosa. 



DYEWOODS. 


Fustete 


Madura tinctoria. 
Bixa orellana. 


Brazil Colorado... 
Brazilete 


Csesalpinia crista. 


Bija 6 achiote an- 
nato. 


Coulteria tintoria. 


Peralejo de monte 


Byrsonima cubensis 


OIL WOODS. 


Coco . 


CcTcos nuclfera. 

Cocos crispa. 

Erythrina corrallodendrum. 


Mamey Colorado . 


Lucuma bonplandii. 




Piflon . . t 




Quercus virens. 









HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

FIBER WOODS (USED FOR CORDAGE). 



73 



Common name. 


Technical name. 


Common name. 


Technical name. 


Daquilla 


Lagetta lintearia. 
Cupania tomentoaa. 
Hibiscus tiliaceous. 
Pavonia racemosa. 


Guamacomun 


Lonchocarpus pyxidanius. 
Daphnopsis cubensis. 
Cocos crispa. 








Majaguilla 





GUM AND RESIN WOODS. 



AlmAcigo 

Cinielo 


Bursera gummifera. 
Spondias lutea. 
Cedrela odorata. 
Voica copal » 
Caseria lotiodes. 
Rheedia aristata. 
Clusia rosea. 


Abey hembra 

Maboa 

Mango 

Maranon 


Papigia excelsa. 


Cedro 


Manguiera indica. 


Copal 


Guagiiasi 


Mamey amarillo . 
Pino 




Manaju 

Copey 




Yaba 


Andira inermis. 









Fruit trees ^ etc.- — Besides the enumerated species, whose uses have 
been expressed and which are the most important known, there are 
about fifty different species of fruit trees and a great number of trees 
used for fuel, fencing, carpentry, and cabinetwork. 

FOREST PRODUCTS. 

Lumber (mahogany and cedar principally) to the value of nearly 
13,000,000 has been cut, and over $2,000,000 worth exported, of which 
about $1,260,000 worth went to the United States and the rest chiefly 
to Germany and England. Dy.es to the value of $100,000 are exported 
to Russia, France, and Germany, and textile fibers to the approximate 
value of $160,000 are shipped to Italy, Germany, and France. In 
forest products considerable increase is noted in exports. Since 1899 
they have been as follows: 1899, $1,059,900; 1900, $1,265,400; 1901, 
$1,356,100; 1902, $1,874,800; 1903, $2,528,600, and 1904 about 
$2,400,000. 

PRINCIPAL PRODUCTIONS. 

The two principal staples of the island, for the remarkable excel- 
lence of which it has had a world-wide renown ever since the very 
incipienc}^ of commercial enterprise on the part of the inhabitants, are 
sugar and tobacco. 

SUGAR. 

The sugar of Cuba, is entirely the product of the sugar-cane plant, 
and is of a uniforml}^ superior qualit3^ The cane is not indigenous to 
Cuba, but was introduced soon after the discovery of the island and 
proved exceeding!}^ congenial to its soil. Detailed statements and fig- 
ures showing the growth of the sugar industry of Cuba are to be found 
elsewhere in this volume. Although prosecuted for centuries the indus- 
try has received its main development since about 1830, since which 
year the annual production of sugar in the island has mounted from 
about 100,000 tons to about 1,000,000 tons. Sugar is raised pretty 



74 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

generally all over the island, but the bulk of the product comes from 
the five Provinces — Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Camagiiey and 
Oriente. The plant flourishes luxuriantly as a rule, with compara- 
tively little care or encouragement, and replanting becomes necessary 
only once every ten or fifteen years, on an average, so that agricultu- 
rally the crop is raised easily and cheaply; but the preparation of the 
crop for market is expensive in comparison, involving as it does hard 
labor in harvesting, the building of grinding mills, the purchase of 
costly machinery for making the sugar and for handling and trans- 
porting the product, the expenses of shipment, ^etc. 

The cost of raising a pound of- sugar in Cuba may be said to be, 
speaking roughly, 1 cent, and the cost of manufacturing and trans- 
porting it to seaboard under present conditions 1 cent more, so that 
the total cost of production of sugar in Cuba, from the planting to 
the shipment at Habana, is about 2 cents a pound^ — not less than that, 
and perhaps on the average a little more. The whole process of pro- 
duction involves and includes the purchase or lease of the land, the 
hire of laborers and their housing and sustenance, the clearing away 
and breaking up of the fields, the purchase of the original cane plants 
and their renewal from time to time, the planting, the cultivating, the 
weeding, the harvesting, the procurement of agricultural tools, imple- 
ments and machines for these undertakings, the erection of buildings 
for storing and sheltering the stalks, the construction of roads or pri- 
vate railways for transporting the same from the fields or farm^ to the 
mills, the vehicles, cars, animals, or locomotives for use in transpor- 
tation, the building of mills and their equipment with their various 
kinds of necessary sugar machinery; repairs, salaries of mill operatives, 
loading and freight to seaboard, insurance, and interest on investment. 
The wonder is that the total cost can be reduced to the moderate figure 
of 2 cents a pound. In the old times the cost was much greater. It 
is only within a comparatively recent period that sugar could be pro- 
duced in Cuba, or anywhere else, for anything like that amount of 
money. In the case of Cuba, this low cost has been made possible 
of late years by the application of improved machinery and methods of 
cultivation and manufacture, by the improved conditions of the local 
labor market, b}^ the cessation of strife and war, and bj^ the abolition 
of the oppressive taxes and inequitable tarifi" restrictions imposed upon 
the Cubans for man}^ generations by their former rulers. The new 
era of improvement has only just begun; and it is the concurrent 
opinion of all the best-informed observers that with the additional 
improvements which may be certainly expected soon to follow— the 
reconstruction of the plantations ravaged by war, the establishment of 
new ones, the liquidation of old loans and other debts incurred under 
the former regime, and the more general adoption of the up-to-date 
machinery and industrial methods — the cost of production will be still 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 75 

further reduced. Improved roads and transportation facilities will 
probably also reduce the cost of transportation. 

It is also worthy of consideration that, although nearly the whole 
island is well suited for the successful raising- of sugar cane of the best 
quality, the largest crop ever produced on the island — that of 1894r — 
was raised on plantations covering about 2,000,000 acres, or only about 
one-fourteenth of the total acreage of Cuba. Owing to the terrible 
devastation wrought during the years of the recent revolution, many 
plantations were abandoned or greatly crippled, and the recovery from 
these ravages is by no means yet complete, so that the present sugar 
acreage is somewhat less than the acreage of 1894. Considering this 
fact, and also the other fact that without doubt at least 5,000,000 acres 
of the island might quickly and easily be turned into first-class sugar 
plantations, in addition to the plantations already existing and in oper- 
ation, and granting that all these plantations be managed on the most 
approved modern systems, the imagination is dazzled by the contem- 
plation of what Cuba would be capable of doing in the sugar-producing 
line in the near future. 

But whatever amount of sugar the Cubans might produce, there 
would be no advantage from the industry to them unless they could 
sell the crop for more than the crop cost them to produce. This they 
were not able to do during the seasons of 1902 and 1903, owing to the 
fall in the price of sugar in the world's markets since 1900 and 1901, 
consequent upon the great increase in the output of beet sugar in those 
years, and the general overproduction of sugar of all kinds. In order 
for the Cuban planters to attain real prosperity and success, they must 
manage to produce and market their crops at a cost per pound lower 
than the prevailing market price per pound, or the prevailing price 
must return to the figures which were the rule before the present 
period of depression. 

The total number of plantations and farms of all sorts in Cuba just 
prior to the late war was 90,960, but in 1899, just after the war, the 
number was only 60,711. These figures furnish a significant illustra- 
tion of the blighting effect of such a civil conflict. Since 1899 the 
number has no doubt materially increased, though no census has been 
taken since that year, and the increase is believed to be steadily pro- 
ceeding, owing to the recuperative energy of the Cubans themselves, 
and also to the accession of immigrants and capital from other coun- 
tries, and principally from the United States. In the antebellum 
times the onerous burdens of taxation had a tendency to keep down 
the size of farms. The local designation for the standard-size small 
farm of 33i acres is "caballeria,"but according to the last census 63i 
per cent of the farms and plantations of Cuba were less than one- 
quarter of a caballeria in dimensions, while the large plantations of 10 
caballerias and over (333 acres and over) were only 5 per cent of the 



76 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

whole number of farms. This latter class includes, however, a num- 
ber of very large plantations, of from 5,000 to 25,000 acres or 
over. The original and most natural system of producing sugar was 
for the farmers to raise the cane and to grind it themselves; but this 
has been superseded by the system of colonias, or cane farms, which 
raise cane to be transported to the large and expensive mills, to be 
ground and turned into sugar and molasses. Some of the larger and 
more successful planters, however, when they can command the requi- 
site funds for the. outlay, unite both branches of the process — the 
agricultural branch and the manufacturing branch — on their own 
premises. Such plantations, equipped with the buildings and appa- 
ratus necessary for the manufacture of sugar and molasses, are called 
"ingenios," while "centrales" is the name given to such ingenios as 
have concentrated from several comparatively small ingenios into one 
large one. 

The improvements that have been gradually introduced in the 
process of sugar production in Cuba during the last few years or 
decades include the introduction of steam power in the fields and in 
the mills, labor-saving machines of various kinds, improved furnaces, 
clarifiers, grinding machines, defibrators, defecators, vacuum pans, 
centrifugal separators, and other modern sugar machiner^^, cane car- 
riers and railway tracks through the fields for moving the crops to the 
mills, chemical laboratories, cane loaders and unloaders, electric-light 
plants in the mills, and a large variety of novel improvements, tools, 
fertilizers, and systems of cultivation. These improvements have 
become available mainly of late, since the abolition of the excessive 
Spanish taxes and the reduction of tariff rates. 

As is commonly the case in agricultural operations everywhere, the 
size and quality of the cane crops vary greatly according to the fer- 
tility of the soil and the ability of the planter. The usual range is 
from 12 to 50 tons of cane for the yield of 1 acre. The average is 
about 25 tons of cane, or about 2i tons of sugar per acre. The plant 
matures in the autumn or early winter, according as it is early or late 
planted, and is harvested and ground all along through the months 
from December to May. 

In considering the figures as to the acreage of the cane plantations of 
Cuba, it must be borne in mind that not by any means the whole area 
of these plantations is devoted to cane culture. The larger part of 
every plantation, in all probability, is utilized for building sites, gar- 
dens, the raising of vegetables, fruits, tobacco, and other crops besides 
sugar, pasturage for cattle, the growth of timber, etc. At the same 
time it is essentially a sugar plantation, as sugar production is its main 
activity and main source of revenue. So, in like manner, the cotton 
plantations of the Southern States and the hop farms of central New 
York are not devoted exclusively to the raising of cotton and hops, and 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 77 

the areas actually covered by cotton and hops in those plantations or 
farms are probably in most cases only a small fraction of the whole 
estates. So when it is stated, as above, that the sugar crop of 1894, 
amounting to little over 1,000,000 tons, was raised on about ii, 000, 000 
acres, the meaning is that it was raised on plantations covering that 
acreage. In point of fact the actual acreage of the cane fields them- 
selves was only about 400,000 or 450,000 acres. A crop of 1,000,000 
tons raised on 400,000 acres, as will be seen, gives an average yield of 
2i tons of sugar an acre. 

The fluctuations of the sugar crops in point of size have been occa- 
sioned not only by the causes just indicated, but also by wars, hurri- 
canes, and the Cubans' political and economic conditions. Thus the 
crop of 1853 was 322,000 tons; the crop of 1868, at the beginning of 
the Ten Years' War, 749,000 tons; the ''hurricane" crop of 1871, 
547,000 tons; the crop of 1878, at the end of that war, 533,000 tons; 
the crop of 1883, under unsatisfactory political conditions, 460,000 tons; 
the crop of 1894, just before the last revolution, 1,054,000 tons; the 
crop of 1897, in the midst of the revolution, 212,000 tons; the 
"drought" crop of 1900, 308,000 tons, and the crop of 1903, about 
975,000 tons; the crop of 1904 over 1,100,000 tons, and 1905 about the 
same amount. 

According to the 1899 census, 47 per cent of the entire cultivated 
area of the island was planted in sugar cane. It is believed that the 
same proportions still obtain — in other words, that practicall}^ half of 
the cultivated lands of Cuba are given over to sugar production. 
That would make the entire cultivated area in the island about 1,000,000 
acres. To this must be added the areas of the cities and large towns, 
and the very large areas devoted to pasturage. Exact figures as to 
the latter are lacking, but the best estimates unite in stating the total 
area of developed land, including cities, towns, villages, farms, planta- 
tions, and pasturages, as being about 14,000,000 acres, or just about 
one-half of the island. That would leave the other undeveloped half, 
of the same extent, for future exploitation. As already said, that 
half is for the most part as capable of high development as the already 
developed half. It is covered in most localities at present with for- 
ests of a very valuable description, and is known to contain much 
precious mineral material. 

Sugar production. 



Tons. 

1892-93 815, 894 

1893-94 1, 054, 224 

1894-95 1, 004, 264 

1895-96 225, 221 

1896-97 212, 051 

1897-98 305, 543 

1898-99 335,668 



Tons. 

1899-1900 300, 073 

1900-1901 615, 000 

1901-1902 ( estimated ) 800, 000 

1902-1903 977, 712 

1903-1904 1, 106, 057 

1904-1905 1,104,911 



78 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

The following statement as to the Cuban sugar industry is taken 
from the appendix to a report made to the Secretary of the Treasury 
by Hon. Robert P. Porter, special commissioner of the United States 
to Cuba, in June, 1899. His conclusions seem as well warranted now 
as then, notwithstanding the intervening fall in the market price of 
sugar. 

Although it made so early a start in the history of American agriculture, the sugar 
industry in Cuba languished for two hundred years. The annual output during that 
time was only about 28,000 tons. A quarter of a century later it reached 75,000 tons. 
The middle of the nineteenth century saw it at 250, 000 tons, and in 1894 it passed the 
million mark. * * * With millions of acres of the richest and best cane land on 
the globe yet untouched by the plow, with a climate unsurpassed for the growth and 
development of sugar cane, and with a prestige for Cuban sugar second to none in 
the markets of the world, the future of Cuba's sugar presents a possibility of wealth 
surpassing the richness of the gold and silver which came to Columbus in the mar- 
velous tales of the interior of the magnificent island which he had discovered. 

Kecurring to the effect of the rebellion of 1895-1898 on the sugar industry, it is 
appalling to contemplate the dreadful decrease in a country's chief source of wealth 
and income to the Government, as well as to the individual. In 1894 the output 
was 1,054,214 tons, and the following year, under the first touch of war and its 
alarms, the crop dropped off 50,000 tons, though it remained still above the million. 
This was the second year in Cuban sugar history that the million mark was passed. 
In 1896 the war was raging all over the island, and, with the Spaniards on one side 
taking men and cattle and the insurgents on the other burning cane and buildings 
and stealing stock, the sugar planter was utterly obliterated in some sections and so 
badly crippled in others that the output reached only 225,221 tons, the lowest figure 
known in fifty years. Nor was this astounding decrease a matter of gradual accom- 
plishment, permitting the country, the business, and the people to accommodate 
themselves to the changed conditions, but it happened almost in a night, and an 
income from sugar of $80,000,000 a year dwindled on the instant to $16,000,000, a 
loss of $64,000,000 at once as the result of Spanish mismanagement. 

As a cane-sugar producing country, nature has made Cuba superior to any com- 
petitor which may appear; but all sugar does not come from cane, and since 1840, 
when the first record of beet sugar appeared, with 50,000 tons for the year's output 
for the world, as against 1,100,000 tons of cane sugar, about 200,000 tons of which 
was raised in Cuba, the sugar growers of the island have had their only dangerous 
rival. * * * With the growth of the sugar production in Cuba have come newer 
and better methods; and whereas in 1825 the largest plantations rarely exceeded 
1,500 acres in extent, producing only 350 tons per year, with a total value of land, 
buildings, machinery, stock, and slaves of, say, $500,000, * * * in these later 
times there are plantations of 25,000 acres, representing an investment of $2,000,000. 

Market facilities.- — The principal sugar plantations in the Province 
of Oriente are located near the seashore in the municipalities of 
Manzanillo, Guantanamo, and Puerto Padre; and in the Province 
of Camagiiey they are situated near Nuevitas. They use the maritime 
way for transportation of products. 

In the western Provinces those located near the seashore utilize the 
maritime way, but the greater number of them use the several railroad 
systems of Santa Clara, Matanzas, and Habana for transporting their 
products. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



79 



The prices obtained from the sale of sugar in January, February, 
March, April, and May, 1903, were 1.966, 1.824, 1.774, 1.651, and 1.667 
cents per pound, or an average for the five months of 1.776 cents per 
pound. These prices are in Spanish gold. 

Sugar crop. — The following table shows the sugar exported and on 
hand of the crops of 1903 and 1904: 



Port. 


Exported. 


On hand. 


1903. 


1904. 


1903. 


1904. 


Habana.... 


Sacks. 
461,962. 
1,127,614 
939,493 

1,165,782 
522, 166 
376, 237 
287, 066 
100, 082 
275, 325 


Sacks. 

1,313,318 

1,253,413- 

1, 301, 695 

1,316,060 

488, 609 

553, 457 

343, 516 

101, 283 

247,037 

69,040 

68,938 

423,020 

72," 969' 


Sacks. 

463, 382 

134, 036 

332, 617 

40, 190 

38, 192 

78, 118 

6,033 

5,997 


Sacks. 
32,344 


Matanzas 


15, 287 




14, 241 


Cienf uegos 


14, 901 




1,086 




2,299 








2,100 


Manzanillo 












143, 477 

299, 940 

7,730 

85,880 






Gibara . . 




22, 340 


Zaza 


11,590 


13, 815 


Trinidad 










Total sacks (320 pounds each) 


5,782,754 


7, 552, 345 


1,110,155 


118 412 






Total in tons of 2,240 pounds 


826, 108 


1,078,906 


158,593 


16, 916 







The principal crop of 1904, as for some years past, has been sugar, 
of which the production has been 60,817 tons in excess of that of last 
year. Prices obtained for sugar this year exceeded those of last year, 
and the value of the crop is consequently considerably more, and can 
safely be stated as $50,000,000. The prices obtained during the first 
six months of 1904 were as follows per 100 pounds: January, $1.77; 
February, 11.77; March, |2.04; April, $2.18; May, $2.38; June, $2.43; 
average for the six months, $2.09. Sugar sold as high as $3 per 100 
pounds in August, 1904. 

Molasses. — The molasses produced in 1903 amounted to 40,000,000 
gallons, of which 12,000,000 gallons of the first quality were exported 
from this city (Habana) to Philadelphia, and 10,000,000 gallons of the 
second quality to other ports in the United States and to Europe. The 
remainder — 18,000,000 gallons — was consumed on the island. Molas- 
ses of first quality sold at 8 cents, and second quality at 3 cents. The 
total value of the production was $1,800,000. 

The by-products of sugar cane — molasses and rum — constitute a 
considerable source of income to the sugar producer. They are pro- 
duced from the juice of the cane as it is extracted at certain stages of 
the sugar-making process, and the molasses output in particular is of 
material value to the sugar planter. The rum product is compara- 
tivelj^ small and mainly destined for home consumption, but molasses 
is exported to a considerable extent. Of the last crop of molasses 
more than half was exported. 



80 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



The production of molasses in Cuba during the first six months of 
1904 amounted to 42,200,000 gallons, disposed of as follows: 

Disposition of Cuban molasses, first six months of 1904- 



Method of disposal. 



Quantity. 



Value. 



Boiling molasses shipped to Philadelphia 

Distilling molasses shipped to other points in United States 

Distilling molasses consumed in Cuba 

Distilling molasses shipped to Europe 

Used for fuel and other purposes or unsold for want of transportation 

Total 



Oallons. 

7, 600, 000 
10, 600, 000 
10, 000, 000 

9, 000, 000 

5, 000, 000 



1608, 000 
265, 000 
250, 000 
225, 000 



42, 200, OPO 



1,348,000 



To the foregoing should be added shipments made to the United 
States and Europe during the period from Juh^ 1 to December 31, 
1903: To the United States, 3,053,630 gallons, valued at $244,290; to 
England, 1,935,516 gallons, valued at $47,388; total, 4,989,146 gallons, 
valued at $291,678, making a grand total of 47,189,146 gallons of 
molasses, valued at $1,639,678. 

Hum and aguardiente. — Spirits produced from sugar cane amounted 
to 1,651,676 gallons, valued at $219,434. Most of the rum and aguar- 
diente went to Uruguay (550,990 gallons), Canary Islands (478,698 
gallons), and England (301,961 gallons); only 29,782 gallons went to 
the United States. 

Total sugar product. — The total value of the sugar products of 1904, 
therefore,was as follows: Raw sugar, $50,668,995; molasses, $1,639,678; 
aguardiente, $219,434; total, $52,528,107, against $41,940,955 in 1903; 
$30,863,524 in 1902, $32,258,580 in 1901, $17,603,839 in 1900, and 
$19,206,815 in 1899. The Bureau of statistics gives the following 
figures for year ending June 30, 1904, for value of exports to the 
United States: Sugar, $56,547,377; molasses, $874,343, or over 
$54,100,000 without rum. 

Sugar plantations. — It is onlj^ a few j^ears since the sugar industry 
was separated from agriculture in most of the large plantations, 
called "centrales." Considerable increase in the sugar production 
was the result, owing to the reasonable and methodic subdivision of 
labor. 

The industrial process for the manufacture of sugar was greatly 
improved during the years preceding the invasion of the western 
Provinces by the forces of the revolution initiated in February, 1895, 
in the eastern region of the island. With few exceptions, the cen- 
trales were furnished with furnaces for burning green bagasse as 
fuel; machinery of great power, mills of large dimensions, regrinders, 
defibrators, and defecators were established; improvements were 
made for the purpose of maintaining the juice at a high temperature, 
thus avoiding fermentation; vacuum pans for boiling, evaporating, 
and concentrating the saccharine matter of the cane juice (called 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 81 

triple-effect apparatus) were also established; and to separate the 
molasses from the sugar, centrifugal filters were introduced. At the 
same time railways were constructed in the interior of mills and 
factories, easily accessible laboratories were established to assure 
the chemical proceedings in the process of sugar manufacturing, and 
electric light used instead of kerosene, gasoline, etc. 

Stigar-cane colonies. — Owing to the lack of pecuniary means among 
the owners of lands where these colonies were established, agricul- 
tural development is rather unimportant, as -the proprietors of the 
centrales can not afford to advance money for the purpose of rebuild- 
ing the wrecked houses, purchase of oxen and agricultural imple- 
ments, as well as for plowing and planting anew the fields; and as 
there are no agricultural banks in Cuba to furnish the necessary funds 
for this purpose, the planting of new cane lands since the end of the 
war has been limited. 

TOBACCO. 

Second only in importance to the sugar industry in Cuba is that of 
tobacco {Nicotiana tahaciim)., in the cultivation of which upward of 
80,000 people are employed. 

The tobacco plant is indigenous, and was found in use by the natives 
at the time of the discovery of the island. 

It was imported into Spain sixty years later by Francisco Fernan- 
dez, a physician who had been sent by King Philip II of Spain to 
investigate the products of the new discovered lands. 

It can be safely said that the first European who ever smoked 
tobacco was an Englishman, Ralph Lane, the first governor of Vir- 
ginia, who, on his return to England, brought pipes and tobacco, 
which he made a present of to Sir Walter Ealeigh, the famous cour- 
tier of Queen Elizabeth. Sir Walter soon took a fancy at smoking, 
and this was sufficient to make the use of tobacco one of the favorite 
occupations of the English court. 

Perhaps the fact that contributed more strongly to popularize its 
use was the opposition which it met with. The church condemned its 
use, kings and emperors declared it unlawful, and in some nations, 
especially in Russia, very severe punishment was administered to the 
smokers. 

King James I of England described its use as "a custom loathsome 
to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the 
iungs, and the black, stinking fumes thereof nearest resemble the 
horrible Stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless." 

The Spanish historian, Oviedo, describes its use among the Santo 
Domingo Indians, in the following words: 

The Indians inhabiting this island have, among other evil customs, one which is 
very pernicious, namely, that of smoking, called by them ' ' tobacco, ' ' for the pur- 
pose of producing insensibility. This they effect by means of a certain herb which, 

159a— 05 6 



82 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

so far as I can learn, is of poisonous quality, though not poisonous in its appearance. 
It is about 4 or 5 palms high; the leaves, which are large and broad, are soft and 
downy, and in color it resembles the plant called bugloss by doctors and herbalists. 
The manner in which they use it is as follows: The caziques and principal men 
have small hollowed sticks, about a span long and as thick as the little finger; they are 
forked in the manner here shown, Y, but both the forks and the stalk are of the same 
piece. The forked ends are inserted in the nostrils and the other end is applied to 
the burning leaves of the herb, which are rolled up in the manner of pastils. They 
then inhale the smoke until they fall down in a state of stupor, in which they remain 
as if intoxicated for a considerable time. Such of the Indians as can not procure a 
forked stick use a hollow reed or cane for the purpose of inhaling the smoke. Their 
smoking instrument, whether it be forked or merely a hollow cane, is called 
"tobacco " by the Indians, who do not give this name to the herb, nor the stupor 
into which they fall, as some have erroneously supposed. 

The remains of baked clay and other kinds of pipes found in the 
Indian mounds of the North American continent indicate plainly that 
smoking- was generally prevalent among the Indians of the mainland 
long before the discoveries of Columbus. 

For many years the tobacco trade of Cuba was a Crown monopoly, 
with the royal office and warehouse in Habana and branches in San- 
tiago de Cuba, Trinidad, Bayamo, and Remedios, where the planters 
could store their tobacco, receiving such prices as might be established 
by the Crown for each crop. In later years the tobacco monopoly 
was sold to private companies, and was again resumed hy the Crown 
in 1760. Finally, in 1817, b}'- a royal decree of June 22, the trade and 
cultivation of tobacco were declared free on payment of a tax by each 
planter equivalent to one-twentieth of the production. Since that 
date the taxes have varied according to circumstances, but gradually 
decreased, so helping an industry that can be considered the chief 
industry of Cuba, for although it is true that the sugar industry has 
so far proved a larger and most productive one, sugar of as good 
quality as Cuba's is produced in many parts of the world, while the 
Cuban tobacco has not and will never probably be equaled. 

Reliable statistics of the annual production of tobacco in early times 
are not at hand, nor is it possible to tell how much was shipped, except 
through the custom house, owing to the large amount smuggled. 
From such data as are available, it appears that from 1702 to 1817 the 
total amount regularly exported was about 20,500,000 pounds; that 
during the periods of Government monopoly the amount was less than 
during the period of private monopoly, and that the amount exported 
was largely increased after the trade monopoly was discontinued. It 
is probable that the amount smuggled was equal to the amount 
exported. 

Coming down to a later period, it appears that the average produc- 
tion in bales in 1894-95 was in the neighborhood of 560,000 bales of 
50 kilograms, or about 62,000,000 pounds of leaf, valued at $22,000,000. 
Of this amount about 220,000 bales (nearly 40 per cent), valued at 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



83 



,000,000, were used in the manufacture of cigars and cigarettes, 
and this is about the proportion with normal crops. The remainder 
(about 60 per cent) is mainly exported in the leaf. 
Since 1895 the tobacco crops have been as follows: 



Year. 


Bales. 


Year. 


Bales. 


1896 


375, 000 

88, 000 

220,000 

460,000 


1900 


a 510 000 


1897 


1901 


"435,000 
"410,000 
6 400,000 


1898 


1902 


1899 


1903 







" As reported by the Tobacco Leaf, New York. 



b Approximately. 



The values of tobacco imported into the United States from Cuba 
(in all forms) since 1893 are shown in the following table: 



Year ending June 30— 


Cigars, 

cigarettes, 

etc. 


Leaf 
tobacco. 


Total. 


1894 


$2, 052, 404 
2,040,186 
2, 093, 884 
1, 971, 214 
1,490,818 
1, 951, 641 
2,191,702 
2,302,284 
2,321,627 

"3,175,722 
2,970,205 


S5, 828, 964 
7,271,794 

10, 613, 468 
2, 306, 067 
2, 883, 260 
4,964,719 
7,615,991 
9,834,849 
8,578,297 
9, 967, 124 
9, 793, 672 


»7, 881, 368 
9,311,980 

12, 707, 352 
4, 277, 281 
4, 374, 078 
6, 916, 360 
9, 807, 693 

12 137 133 


1895 


1896 


1897 


1898 


1899 


1900 


1901 


1902 


10, 899, 924 
13, 242, 846 
12,763,877 


1903 


1904 





" Approximately. 

Orop of 1902. — ^The tobacco crop of 1902 was only medium, being 
77,836 bales less than the crop of 1901. This deficit may be divided 
as follows: Vuelta-Abajo district, 12,425 bales; Partidos district, 5,354 
bales, and Remedies district, 60,057 bales. 

The statistics of the 1902. tobacco crop show the following figures: 
Vuelta-Abajo, 172,870 bales; Semi-Vuelta, 13,042 bales; Partidos, 
64,486 bales, and Remedios, 111,796 bales. 

According to weights, the returns are approximately as follows: 



District. 


Quantity. 


Vuelta-Abajo 


Kilos. 
7, 952, 020 

559, 925 
2,005,075 
6, 171, 139 


Pounds. 

17,531,023 
1,234,411 
4,420,388 

13,604,893 


Semi-Vuelta 


Partidos 


Remedios , 






Total 


16,688,159 


36,790,715 





The deficit in the 1902 crop compared with that of 1901 was not 
onlj" due to the shortage in the crop from the fields, but also to a 
decrease in the acreage under cultivation. This latter cause especially" 
obtained in the Remedios section, in which a large stock of tobacco 
had to be taken over from 1901 to 1902, as consumption in the United 
States had fallen off considerably. 



84 HANDBOOK OP CUBA. 

Owing to want of rain, the 1902 crop did not cure as satisfactorily 
as desired and remained in a raw condition. About 60 per cent of the 
crop was sent to the United States. The balance was divided among 
the different nations as follows, the values being approximate: 



Country. 



Quantity. Value. 



Germany. 
France . . . 
Spain 



Bales. 
12, 000 
2,000 
28, 000 



8200, 000 
116, 000 
350, 000 



The total amount of 1902 tobacco exported was 243,958 bales, valued 
at $6,700. 

The tobacco crop in the year 1903-4 was good in both quality 
and quantit}'^, and may be safel}^ valued at over $30,000,000. The 
exports during 1903 were valued at $26,046,431, against 125,400,000 in 
the previous year. The exports of leaf tobacco in 1904 exceeded those 
of the previous year by $600,000. The total exports of leaf tobacco 
amounted to 40,977,946 pounds, valued at $13,245,187, 24,128,430 
pounds of which, valued at $9,931,802, went to the United States, and 
10,306,574 pounds, valued at $1,921,079, to Germany, the nex:t largest 
purchaser. 

Tobacco stems, which are used in the manufacture of snuff, etc., 
were exported to the amount of 598,178 pounds, valued at $9,959, 
principally to the United States, Argentina, and Germany. 

Tobacco seed to the value of $3,112 was exported to the United 
States. 

Farmers raising tobacco in the Province of Pinar del Rio use the 
Western Railway and some northern seaports for exporting their leaves. 

PRINCIPAL PLANTS CULTIVATED. 

A perusal of these notes will show that the soil of Cuba contains all 
the elements necessary for vegetable life and that its climate (tropical- 
temperate) contributes to cover the island with a rich and luxuriant 
vegetation formed by growths of all kinds which it is not possible to 
study separately, not only for the reason that many of the plants grow 
wild and have never been cultivated, but because in general there is 
very little known of their habits. 

Considerable data has been obtained since the establishment of the 
Republic, and the department of agriculture is at present making every 
effort to gather and organize agricultural information of all kinds, 
considering this the only means of arriving at a proper knowledge of 
methods at present employed for cultivation in the island. As these 
become known and agricultural experiment stations are established to 
investigate the progressive and rational changes that can be made in 
the system of agriculture practiced, condensing and publishing the 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 85 

facts in book form (a species of agricultural catechism) with appropri- 
ate illustrations and views, planters may obtain objectively and apply 
with profit rational systems for the cultivation of plants and thus 
obtain at a minimum cost the maximum results from a given portion 
of land. With the impossibility of treating this matter as extensively 
in these notes as its vital importance would require, for a country 
agricultural par excellence, making a study of the rich flora of Cuba, 
it will be necessary to confine ourselves to a description of the princi- 
pal plants which have been the subject of more or less perfect 
cultivation. 

SUGAR CANE. 

This grass-like saccharine plant occupies the first place among those 
cultivated in Cuba in proportion to the extent of territory, forming, 
as it does, the basis for the sugar production, the principal source of 
wealth of the island. 

Cane is cultivated all over the island with more or less success. In 
certain sections, where it seems to find itself perfectly at home with- 
out agricultural improvement of any kind, its growth is almost wild, 
and during the late war the plant showed great powers of resistance 
to the havoc caused in fields that were set on fire more than once. 

The plant thrives until the land is totally impoverished, tired, as the 
natives call it, for want of renewal by fertilization, and, robbed of its 
productiveness by successive" crops, the cane ceases to grow in proper 
conditions. 

The varieties known as " Otahiti white cane" and "crystalline cane" 
are those most extensively produced in Cuba, no doubt because the}^ 
are the most adaptable to the natural conditions of its climate and soil. 

The cost of cultivating a caballeria of seed cane, from the time that 
the soil is first broken until the cutting of the plant varies considerably 
according to the quality of land, the price of labor, the system of 
cultivation, the capital invested, the class of seed used, etc., but it can 
be asserted that it fluctuates between $1,000 and $1,400, or an average 
of $1,200. 

The cultivation of the ratoons — that is, of the cane field after one or 
more successive cuttings — consists in the labor of weeding and cutting 
the grass, and can be figured at $342 per caballeria. 

The cost of cutting and stripping off leaves can be calculated at 
$400, loading at $200, and hauling at $194. 

In round numbers the cost of preparation, cultivation, cutting, 
hauling, etc., runs between $1,900 and $2,000 per caballeria; the 
above figures can be reduced to $1,700, and even to $1,500. 

It can be asserted that if the proper lands are selected — such as 
sandy and clayey soil of suitable depth, not very compact, rich in 
organic matter — five and six cuttings can be obtained, yielding an 



86 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

average of 80,000 arrobas (about 25 pounds to each arroba) per cabal- 
leria, and in conditions very much less favorable the average yield is 
50,000 arrobas. 

Taking as a basis that the total cost of cultivation reaches in five 
years $2,568, that of cutting and stripping, loading and hauling $3,970, 
we reach a total cost, from the setting out of the cane until the end of 
the fifth crop, for the 250,000 arrobas obtained, supposing the mini- 
mum yield to be 50,000 arrobas per caballeria, of $6,538, or, say, $2.60 
per hundred arrobas, delivered at the sugar mill. 

TOBACCO. 

This solanaceous plant whose rich leaf as produced on Cuban soil is 
reputed the best in the world, occupies the second place among the 
Cuban plants, for, although it is not cultivated as extensively as cane, 
it serves as a basis for two important industries, one of which is 
agriculture, which prepares and packs the weed for export, and the 
other manufacture, which represents a considerable value, as it manu- 
factures the millions of cigars and cigarettes consumed in the country 
or exported, giving emplojmient to skilled workmen and contributing 
to the welfare of the laboring classes of the cities. 

Tobacco requires for its cultivation a loose, rich, sandy soil, the best 
for the purpose being found in some localities in the Province of Pinar 
del Rio, especially in the southern portions, which lands produce the 
fine tobacco that brings the high prices paid by expert smokers, par- 
ticularly in England and the United States. 

The plant is also produced in the central and eastern portions and 
even in the western portions of the islaind of quite good quality, espe- 
cially on the northern watershed of the Siguanea River, Province of 
Santa Clara, on lands east of the Arimao River in the famous Mani- 
caragua vegas and others. 

Notwithstanding its well-earned fame, the Cuban product can not 
reach the development it should, inasmuch as all countries consider 
tobacco an assessable article and endeavor, besides, to protect their 
home product by burdening the imported article with high import 
duties, which in some cases become almost prohibitory. One of the 
nations in which the conditions are most favorable for the consump- 
tion of Cuban tobacco without injury to its own products is the United 
States, and it is certain that this result will be reached when the effects 
of the recent reciprocity treaty between the latter nation and Cuba 
become thoroughly known and the advantages are fully appreciated 
by both sides; then the increase will necessarily follow, and at the same 
time the cultivation of the plant under cover will continue to develop 
until a wrapper is produced capable of substituting the Sumatra, which 
to-day is preferred by numerous consumers among the many addicted 
to the weed in the United States. A good deal of interest was mani- 
fested in the experiments toward the culture of tobacco under cheese 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 87 

cloth as a protection to the plants from the sun and from injury by 
insects. The duty on cheese cloth, ranging from 15 to 60 cents per 
kilogram (2.2046 pounds), was repealed July 30, 1902, in order to 
encourage this new industry. It is believed that Cuba may rival 
Sumatra in the production of fine wrappers, for which there is a large 
demand in the United States. 

The cost of preparing the soil, its fertilization, value of the seed- 
lings, planting, and distribution of fertilizers, care of the plant, rent 
and general expenses; in a word, the cost of one caballeria from the 
time it is plowed up until the tobacco crop is gathered, varies con- 
siderably, due to the same causes that have already been mentioned 
in connection with the planting of cane; but taking as a standard the 
Province of Pinar del Rio it can be stated that the cost will reach 
about $7,940. The yield of a caballeria, consisting on an average of 
211 tercios (bales) at $50 per tercio, 64 arrobas of seed at $4, and 12 
cartloads of stems at $1, would therefore be about $10,7Y8, leaving a 
balance as profit of $2,838. 

Before closing these remarks relative to the planting of tobacco, it 
is advisable to say a few words in regard to the adoption by many 
tobacco planters of the sj^stem of cultivating the leaf under cover or 
with mosquito nets, as the natives call it, and which consists in placing 
over the plants a covering of cheese cloth, 2 or 2^ meters over the 
same in the form of an awning. This serves to temper the intensity 
of the sun's rays, moderate the force of the wind and its action on the 
leaves, keep the earth moist and, above all, to avoid the insects, inas- 
much as the latter being unable to penetrate into the territory under 
cultivation are unable to deposit their larvas on the leaves. 

The results obtained up to 1904 with this system of cultivation 
have been satisfactory, as, according to data furnished to the depart- 
ment of agriculture by the Junta Provincial (provincial board) of Pinar 
del Rio, 212 hectares in which 6,776,000 seedlings were planted gave 
trees, according as they were budded or not, varying in height from 
1.78 meter to 2.10 meters, with 14 to 18 leaves each plant, with a yield 
of 14 per cent for trees weighing 40 pounds and 60 per cent of first- 
class leaf for wrappers. The average total cost per hectare in the 
Province was $736.44. 

On the other hand, two well-known and experienced planters of 
Pinar del Rio state that tobacco grown under cover will yield to the 
caballeria 330 bales instead of 150 grown by the ordinary method, 
producing leaves from 28 to 32 inches long by 14 to 16 inches wide in 
the proportion of 7 per cent. 

The total number of plants laid out for the crop of 1902-3 in all the 
island was about 1,260,628,800, which yielded approximately, 399,020 
bales, weighing 663,663 quintals (1 quintal equivalent to 46 kilograms), 
at an average price of $21.76 a bale and $16.70 per quintal. 



88 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

CORN. 

Among the grasses belonging to the cereal class, corn easily occu- 
pies the first place, owing to its importance as an article of food, the 
alimentary properties of which seem to be greater in Cuba, the native 
variety showing a greater quantity of gluten, albumina, oily matter, 
and phosphates. 

Corn is grown to a greater or less extent all over the Republic, but 
as a rule it is not the subject of exclusive cultivation, but is planted 
in connection with other products, such as cane, coffee, and vegetables. 

In order to obtain the most abundant yields, the best soil is that pos- 
sessing a porous subsoil over which is a stratum in which silica pre- 
dominates over albumina and lime. 

The variety cultivated in Cuba belongs to the group of the yellow 
corn and generally two crops are harvested, one known as the wet 
crop, belonging to the summer season, which is gathered between 
August and September or November, and the other called the cold 
crop, belonging to the winter season, planted between September and 
Novem'ber, to take advantage of the first northers, and according to 
the appearance of the north winds the crop is called early or late. 

The superiority and natural advantages of the soil of Cuba for the 
growth of corn has been proven on two occasions: The extraordinary 
crops which almost spontaneously sprang up during the blockade 
resulting from the Spanish- American war, and the results obtained by 
planters in 1880, stimulated by the bounty offered by the Circulo de 
Hacendados (planter's association) for the greatest crop that could be 
produced on one-eighth of a caballeria, and which demonstrated that, 
without appljdng strictly the intensive system, with a little care, from 
604 to 614: fanegas can be obtained — that is, 408 to 414 bushels per 
caballeria. 

It is difficult to obtain definite information as to the cost and yield of 
corn, for the reason that these crops are generally planted in connec- 
tion with others on small portions of land near the large cities; but, 
taking as a basis the data furnished by various growers of experience, 
we can state that preparation, plowing, sowing, cultivation, and pick- 
ing reaches about $950 per caballeria, provided labor costs under $1 
and mechanical cultivation is employed. 

During the fiscal year 1902-3, 50,593,091 pounds of corn were 
imported into Cuba. Of this amount more than 99 per cent came from 
the United States, with a total value of $628,010. 

The price of a fanega of corn fluctuates between $4.30 and $2.75, 
according to the Province and the season of the year. 



HAKDBOOK OF CUBA. 89 

RICE. 

Rice is a cereal that is never absent from the table of the Cuban 
workman. It therefore can be considered as one of the staple articles 
of the food he consumes. In spite of this fact all of the rice consumed 
in Cuba comes from foreign countries. Still the rice industry grows in 
Cuba, where extensive fields can be planted without the drawbacks 
which the cultivation of this plant carries with it, to which the swampy 
lands, subject to paludic fevers and otherwise unhealthful, are devoted, 
for the reason that in Cuba there exists a variety, "arroz secano" or 
dry rice, which grows on soil not subject to inundation. 

The cultivation of rice at present is limited to the variety known as 
"arroz de la tierra" (dry earth rice), very much liked by the natives 
in spite of the fact that it does not present a good white color, due to 
the fact, no doubt, that in the operation of hulling the shell can not 
be entirely separated from the grain, not even where -the most mod- 
ern and perfected machinery is used. 

This plant, badly cultivated in Cuba as it is at present, yields more 
than 2,000 arrobas to the caballeria, a yield that can be increased to as 
much as 3,000 and 4,000 arrobas. The average price of an arroba of 
rice fluctuates, according to the Province, between $0.80 and $1,34. 

THE SWEET POTATO. 

This rich tuber is a powerful helper in the food consumption of 
the working classes in the fields, and serves also as food for breeding- 
cattle and swine raised in stables and pens. 

The cost of preparing the ground, planting, weeding, and gathering 
is $905 per caballeria. 

The crop is harvested by picking the most developed tubers, and 
leaving the mother plant all others until they attain their full growth, 
when they too are picked. The largest specimens are taken to 
market, while the smaller, known vulgarly as the "rabuja," are fed 
to the animals. 

One caballeria planted during the so-called winter season, especially 
during January and February, yields about 25,000 arrobas, or some 
50 tons of tubers, and should the cultivation thereof be attended with 
intelligence the yield will be doubled. That planted in August pro- 
duces from 18,000 to 20,000 arrobas. 

The price of an arroba of sweet potatoes fluctuates between $0.18 
and $0.26. 

THE POTATO. 

There are in the Eepublic fertile lands easily subjected to irrigation, 
as, for instance, the valley of Guines, some 12 leagues (3 miles to a 
league) from the city of Habana; they can be devoted with profit to 



90 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

growing this root for the purpose of supplying the American markets 
during the winter season. 

The principal varieties cultivated are the white and rose colored 
potato. 

The total expenses, from breaking the ground to harvesting, reach 
$1,200 per caballeria of land, including the cost of 260 barrels of seed 
potatoes; and it is calculated that this proportion of land will produce 
13,000 arrobas, which can be increased by intelligent methods of cul- 
tivation to 17,000 arrobas. 

The average price of an arroba of potatoes varies, in different por- 
tions of the island, from 10.80 to 11.25, according to the season of the 
year. 

YUCA. 

There are in Cuba two kinds of yuca, the sweet or edible variety 
{Jatropha manihot) and the sour or poisonous {Jatropha toxica)^ but 
rich in fecula. 

Both varieties are produced on substantial and moderately damp 
soil, the first being used as a diet for man and beast, and the second in 
the manufacture of starch, of which it contains about 20 per cent. 

The planting is done by laj'ing pieces of the stalk, 7 to 8 inches 
long, in furrows during the months of March, April, and May, to 
obtain what is known as the spring crop; or in September, October, 
and November for the cold season crop. 

The average cost of production may be calculated at $1,000 per 
caballeria, bearing in mind that the picking and gathering should be 
done with great care, for, in the event of a sprout breaking near the 
vital knot the root will cease growing, will hardens and finally become 
a total loss. 

A caballeria of land produces 5,000 arrobas of the sour yuca, from 
which 1,000 arrobas of starch can be obtained. The water residue 
of the manufacture of starch from the sour yuca is poisonous, for it 
contains cyanhydric acid — in small quantities it is true, but in a greatly 
diffused state. When this root is subjected to a boiling process at a 
temperature of 100°, it loses its toxic properties but retains a disagree- 
able taste which makes it unfit for food. 

The price of sweet yuca — that is, the edible yuca — varies from $0.25 
to $0.32, and the sour yuca from $0.34 to $1.20 per arroba. 

The ground fiber, after extracting starch, is called ""cativia," and 
made into flat round cakes, 1 foot in diameter, called "casabe," which 
is eaten with sauce or jerked beef. 

NAME (yams). 

This tuber, which is very large, and, as a rule, is sold at a high 
price as compared with the sweet potato (its price varies between 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 91 

$0.60 and $0.80 per arroba, according to the quality), is cultivated on 
a small scale on the outskirts of large cities, the best quality or white 
name being quite scarce. ' 

The comparatively large size of this tuber requires a deep, loose 
soil, well broken up, and the planting should be made in deep furrows. 
The cost thereof , including harvesting, can be calculated at from $1,100 
to $1,200 a caballeria. 

One caballeria of land can produce 5,000 arrobas of yams only once 
a year. 

MALANGAS. 

Of this tuber two classes are generally consumed, the white and the 
yellow, the last named being preferred, although both, especially the 
first, are cultivated on a small scale only. The cultivation of this root 
is being considerably increased, as it is quite popular, due to its agree- 
able taste, similar to that of the white name. 

It can be calculated that a caballeria will produce 4,000 to 5,000 
arrobas of white malanga, the price fluctuating between $0.28 and 
$0.39 per arroba. 

BANANA. 

The plantain (vegetable) constitutes one of the principal articles of 
food of all classes of society in Cuba, rarely being absent from the 
table, especially at the midda}^ meal, due no doubt to its recognized 
alimentary properties, which," according to the deceased Cuban chem- 
ist. Doctor Barnet, contains 11.20 per cent of fecula and 22.40 percent 
of pectic matter. 

The banana (fruit) is also consumed in large quantities. There are 
a number of varieties, the best known being the "Manzano" and 
"Johnson" banana, the latter being cultivated on a large scale in the 
eastern portions of the island and exported mainly through the ports 
of Baracoa and Banes. The exportation of this fruit during the fiscal 
year 1904 to the United States was $1,938,080. 

For planting purposes the offshoots that grow around the stump or 
protuberances coming out of the principal root are used; in the first 
case, the tree bears fruit within nine or ten months, and in the second 
within twelve or sixteen. One caballeria will hold 7,500 trees; there- 
fore each tree occupies a space of 15 square feet. 

The cost of felling and clearing one caballeria of land, cutting and 
hauling to nearest loading port, is $1,923.75. If planted on land 
already cleared the cost is reduced $300. The yield is about 7,500 
bunches, of which 75 per cent have nine "manos" (hands) and are 
worth 40 cents per bunch; 40 per cent are provided with 7 or 8 manos 
worth 25 cents a bunch, and 13 per cent have 6 manos and are worth 
12 cents per bunch. The total yield of a caballeria is $2,270. 

The ripe fruit pressed and dried in the sun, or in a special oven, 
forms what is called "dried banana" (a preserve). 



92 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

There is also extracted from the banana in the proportion of about 
10 per cent a flour known as "bananina," which differs from the wheat 
flour only in that it contains less nitrogenized matter. 

The average price of the plantain bananaand of the fruit banana, 
for home consumption, is from 20 cents to 47 cents per bunch, and 
from 15 cents to 25 cents a bunch, according to the locality. 

PINEAPPLE. 

This plant, producing the finest of Cuban fruit because of its aro- 
matic and refreshing juice, is extremely rustic in its habits and has 
great powers of resistance against the rigorous droughts as well as 
through the excessive rains, provided the land is weeded and freed of 
objectionable grasses. 

There are two varieties of this plant in Cuba, the "pinadelatierra" 
(indigenous pine) and the "piiia blanca de la Habana" (Habana white 
pine) ananasa sativa. The latter is the sweetest and largest in size, 
but does not keep well, for which reason it is not adapted for export. 
The pina morada de Cuba (purple Cuban or large-headed pineapple) 
ananasa Cubensis, smaller and more scaly is less juicy and sweet, but 
has better resisting qualities and is the species cultivated for export, 
principally to the United States, the latter country consuming each 
year an increasingly large amount. In the last fiscal year, 1903-4, 
21,325,773 kilograms of pineapples were exported, worth $617,607, 
to the United States. 

Planting can be done by means of the new radicules (a part in the 
embryo of the plant which belongs to the roots), called in Cuba 
I'criollos," which bear fruit in one year, or by those that surround 
the fruit known as "hijos de corona" (offspring of the crown), which, 
while they require eighteen months before becoming productive, are 
preferable under certain conditions, because they are more abundant, 
easily gathered, and therefore cheaper. 

In planting the sprouts shooting from the stems under the crown of 
the fruit are also used in those pineapple fields wherein the vegetation 
as exhuberant and which are more easily developed, according to 
expert.growers. In one caballeria of land, providing for the proper 
space, and for the gathering of same, 18,000 dozen plants can be raised. 

It is estimated that the planting and cultivation of one caballeria of 
land with pineapples costs between $3,000 and $3,500 during the first 
eighteen months, which is the period wherein the plant bears fruit; 
and as a pineapple field kept in good order yields about five crops, and 
the cost of production after the first crop is reduced to $500, we can 
calculate that the total cost per caballeria during the five years will 
be $4,000. 

Therefore each crop yielding 18,000 dozen pineapples — that is to say, 
as many pineapples as there are seedlings planted — in a period of five 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 93 

years a pineapple field would yield about 90,000 dozen, but it must be 
borne in mind that the fruit diminishes in size until, during the last 
year, it is so small that it can be used only in the manufacture of 
sweets and preserves. The best pines are those harvested during the 
two first years and the fruit of ordinary quality is that gathered dur- 
ing the remaining three. 

The first shipments are made during the month of March. The 
fruit is most abundant during the month of June, harvesting continu- 
ing through July, but in addition to this small quantities of the pine 
known as "pina aventurera (adventurous pine) are exported during 
the entire year. 

The white pineapple for home consumption brings an average price 
of 40 cents to $1.17 per dozen, according to the Province and season of 
the year. The pineapple raised for export brought at one time during 
the first period of its cultivation $1 per dozen, but as the supply 
increased the value decreased, until it fell to 25 cents per dozen, but 
even at this extremely low figure, and granting that it can be obtained 
only for the fruit produced during the first three years, with the 
54,000 dozens harvested, all the expenses can be covered and there 
will be a balance left of $9,800 in addition to the net amount of the 
last two crops. 

OEANGE. 

Although the orange is cultivated in its perfect state in Cuba and 
with little care the tree produces abundant and delicious fruit, before 
the establishment of the Republic there existed in the island very few 
groves, but there is already noticeable a great increase in the cultiva- 
tion of this plant, which will no doubt come to occupy the place that 
properly belongs to it among the plants of Cuba. 

The orange not being a very exacting plant in regard to soil, will 
grow even in rocky territory of inferior quality, provided it is fertil- 
ized and copiously watered in the summer. The orange can be culti- 
vated in Cuba on almost any class of land; the best results, however, 
are obtained from a loose, substantial damp soil, with a deep layer of 
vegetable matter. 

The total cost of preparing and planting 1 caballeria varies from 
$2,000 to $2,500; cultivation, manure, transportation, irrigation, etc., 
$1,200. The young plants are worth 25 cents each. 

An orange grove of 1 caballeria of land yields in a fair year about 
1,400,000 to 1,800,000 oranges (1,600,000 average), and the fruit is 
sold at $5 per 1,000 for export and 65 cents to $1 per 100 for home 
consumption. 

To secure rapid and easy communication over highways or railways 
with the port of Habana, the lands most prized in the Province of 
Habana for orange groves are those situated in the districts of Guira 
de Helena, Alquizar, Aguacate, Bainoa, and others. In the surround- 



94 HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 

ings of Nuevitas (Camaguey Province) there are also lands suitable for 
the cultivation of oranges, the price of which varies according to topo- 
graphical position and quality of same, from $500 to |2,000 per 
caballeria. 

COTTON, 

This plant has been cultivated in Cuba from the early part of last 
century to the extent that in the year 1842, 1,082,351 arrobas were 
exported. Its cultivation afterwards diminished to again acquire a 
new lease of life during the war of secession in the United States, as a 
result of the high prices obtained for the fiber; however, the year 
following the conclusion of the war prices fell to such an extent as to 
no longer compensate the native planters, and to this was added the 
difficulty of picking and cleaning which, with the machines then in 
use, could not be done except with great loss in the process. 

After peace was established on the island planters have again been 
stimulated in the cultivation of this rich fiber, especially in the Prov- 
ince of Camaguey, where it appears that satisfactory results have been 
obtained from the trials that have been made. Experiments of this 
nature have been made by the Cuba company, this railroad having 
established small plantations along its route, and the American colo- 
nies of "La Gloria" and "Columbia" have planted 1,000 acres of land 
in cotton after obtaining good results from small plantations. 

Nearly all the lands of Cuba are adapted to growing cotton, but the 
best results are obtained from fertile lands containing about 30 per 
cent of sand, the same proportion of "mantillo" (rich black soil), and 
10 per cent of lime, and these conditions are improved if situated near 
the sea, the saline element in the atmosphere favoring the growth of 
this plant. 

Planting can be done at any time of the year, provided there is the 
necessary amount of moisture in the soil for the germination of the 
seed, but it is advisable to select the time so that the leaves of the 
plant will be sufficiently developed and hardened during the laying 
season of insects (generally in June), as the latter can devour only the 
young and tender leaves. Care should also be taken that the opening 
of the boll does not coincide with the rains, as an excessive amount of 
humidity spoils the fiber. 

According to information furnished by experienced planters, a 
cotton plant properly attended will yield on an average 500 bolls 
annually, each containing 70 grams of cleaned cotton; some of them 
calculate a yield of 30,000 pounds to the caballeria. 

It may be interesting to add that experiments with this fiber have 
been made recently at the agricultural experiment school in the city 
of Habana by Mr. Jose Cadenas, the professor in charge. 

The varieties experimented with were Sea Island, Select Upland, Mit 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 95 

Afifi, Abisis of Egypt, Georgia, and what is known as the " arboreo," 
a plant indigenous to the country. 

After the seedlings were sown they were transplanted and placed 1 
vara (34 inches) apart in furrows also about 1 vara apart. Success 
was obtained with all the plants of the last three varieties with a loss 
of 30 per cent, 38 per cent, and nearly 8 per cent, respectively, of the 
first three. 

In the month of May when the plants began to bloom they were 
attacked by the cutworm {Allecea argillacea). 

Picking was done in the months of May, June, and July, with the 
result that the most productive was the Sea Island, followed by the 
Eg3^ptian variety, Upland, and finally the native species, the latter 
plant continuing its growth as a shrub. The Upland gave the best 
results as to length, whiteness, and strength of fiber, followed closely 
by the Sea Island. 

RAMIE. 

This plant has become perfectly acclimatized in Cuba, the stalk at 
times attaining a height of three meters, containing from thirty to 
forty shoots, without the fiber losing any of its distinctive properties 
owing to this fact. The plant can be pruned two or three times a 
year provided two years are allowed to elapse before it is worked. 

It is calculated that the total cost of preparing the land, seeding, 
sowing, and cultivation does.not exceed |1,200 per caballeria the first 
year, $300 the second and following years until the fifth, which is the 
life of the plant. 

A caballeria of land yields in each cutting 375,000 kilograms, which 
is reduced to 37,500 (10 per cent) after drying; 18,750 (5 per cent) after 
cleaning, as, for instance, China grass, and yields ultimately 11,250 
kilograms (3 per cent) of pure and silky fiber. The value of this fiber 
varies, but can be quoted at $120 per metric ton. 

HENEQUEN. 

Two species of henequen are known in Cuba, Agave mnericana and 
Agave cubensls^ these plants yielding a hard, tough filament applied 
mainly to the manufacture of rope and cordage; both grow spontane- 
ously and in the most barren lands, unfit for any other kind of culti- 
vation, alwaj^s provided the mineral composition of the soil abounds 
in lime and sand. 

The cost of cultivation, including the price of the young plants, can 
be calculated at about $836 per caballeria and the cost of cutting, pre- 
paring, and packing, $2,248, or a total of $3,084. 

Information obtained on a large plantation of 25 caballerias, shows 
that each caballeria will hold 50,000 plants. These after three years, 
the time when they attain their most perfect development, yield on an 



96 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

average three leaves monthly, and as it is calculated that each leaf con- , 
tains one and a half ounces of fiber; 1,000,000 leaves gathered from a 
caballeria during one year, will yield 420 bales of 4 quintals (400 
pounds) each. 

In the surroundii! , of the plantation above referred to, and where 
the leaves are gathbied, cleaned, and the bales prepared, there are 
many smaller plantations where the leaves are sold on the plant at 
the rate of 50 cents silver (about 28 cents, United States currency) 
per thousand, the purchaser paying for cutting, gathering, and cart- 
age; the leaves, collected in bunches of ten each, are paid for at the 
rate of $1 currency per thousand. 

The life of a plant is calculated at 15 years, but as each plant dis- 
appears it leaves an offshoot or young plant which at the end of three 
years will again commence to give the same yield for another fifteen. 

LENGUA DE VACA. 

This exotic plant, known also by the name of " piel de maja" (snake 
skin) or "pasa de negro" (negro hair), has prospered greatly in Cuba, 
not only on account of the facility with which it is reproduced through- 
its seeds and offshoots, leaves, and even pieces of these, but because 
of its rusticity and the ease with which it is propagated, growing 
almost spontaneously wherever it finds shade and a certain amount of 
moisture in the soil. 

The land most appropriate for this plant should have a substantial, 
somewhat dry soil, containing a certain proportion of lime and sand, 
and it thrives to greater advantage where the subsoil is clayey and 
does not retain all of the moisture. 

The fiber of this plant, which is pearl white, handsome, strong, and 
does not rot under water, is used with good results in the manufacture 
of the finer cordage and of white dry-goods fabrics. 

The cost of preparing the soil, planting, care, gathering and extract- 
ing the raw material, is almost the same as that of henequen, and can 
be calculated at about 75 per cent of the gross output during the first 
year and about 55 per cent during the following years. 

A caballeria of land, not taking into account the ground space 
required for paths, will hold 332 beds, 84 meters long by 3 wide. In 
each bed 1,176 seedlings can be planted, and therefore the caballeria 
will hold 413,952 plants. The roots of these produce new sprouts 
which, finding a loose soil, multiply to such an extent that at the end 
of two years the field is entirely choked up. 

With careful cultivation on land that can be moderately shaded and 
a certain amount of water given the plant, the latter will grow as high 
as two a half meters, with 50 offshoots of about a meter, the leaves 
from which weigh 34 pounds; and as the fiber extracted by hand rep- 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 97 

resents 4 per cent, the total production will be at least 560 quintals or 
35,760 kilograms. 

From data obtained in regard to prices offered for this fiber, it is 
found that, provided the same is delivered in large quantities, England 
has offered 8 cents per pound for first-class and 3 cents per pound for 
the refuse fiber or culls. 

COFFEE. 

The cultivation of the species of coffee known as Mirto or Arabian 
{Coffea arabica L.) developed to such an extent from the year 1720, 
when it was introduced into Cuba, that in 1846 there were 2,328 coffee 
plantations on the island, yielding more than 2,000,000 arrobas of the 
grain, but from 1850, in which year the price fell considerably, due to 
the competition offered by South America and the East Indies, the plan- 
tations decreased in number until in 1894 there were only 191, still 
further reduced at present to the small number found in the uplands 
of the oriental Provinces of the island. Competition, however, was 
not the only cause of the decadence of the cultivation of coffee, for it 
was also due to the irrational systems of cultivation and pruning 
adopted, to such an extent that coffee culture ceased to be profitable 
and to the additional circumstance that great success was obtained in 
the cultivation of cane and high prices paid for sugar, the latter occu- 
pying finally most of the territory formerl}'^ devoted to coffee. 

The aromatic and tonic beverage made from the coffee bean is con- 
sumed in large quantities in Cuba, especially by the rural population 
and working classes. The demand could be in a great measure supplied 
if the system of cultivating one plant only was abandoned, and coffee 
planted in small quantities by farmers, if only in sufficient amounts 
to satisfy the needs of the family. 

Coffee can be raised on nearly all the lands of the Republic where a 
fresh and damp soil is found, as the 3^oung plants suffer greatly from 
droughts, and it is therefore necessary to cultivate them under shade. 
To this effect bananas, oranges, and other trees are planted in the same 
field. 

Assuming that a plantation has to be established on land CQvered 
with timber, the cost of clearing, leaving on the same the trees neces- 
sary for shade, digging, the price of the young plants and patrons 
during the first year, is $925.25, adding thereto the expenses of the 
second and third year, $216.25 and $200 respectively, the total cost per 
caballeria will be $1,341.50, or about $44 per acre. 

The plant begins to yield between the third and fifth year, reaching 
the highest state of development during its seventh 3"ear, and continues 
vigorous for 35 years, which is calculated to be the life of a plant. It 
is asserted, however, in some localities that the plant reaches 80 years. 

159a— 05 7 



98 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



Picking the berry begins generally in the month of October, and it 
is calculated that each tree will yield approximately from one-half to 
2 kilograms. 

After the crop is picked, the berry is subjected to what is called a 
dry or wet process; the first consists of drying the berry and after- 
wards hulling it by machinery; in the second, as the berry is gathered, 
it is placed in machines to be cleaned, then dried and prepared, and 
after being classified is stored or sold. 

The following table shows the extent of the coffee exports of Cuba 
during the most remunerative period of that industry: 



Year. 



1809 


320,000 
918, 263 
370, 229 
709, 351 
779,618 


1816 


1816 


1817 


1818 



Arrobas.u 



1819. 
1820. 
1822. 
1823. 
1824. 



Arrobas.ct 



642,716 
686, 046 
501, 429 
895,924 
661, 674 



a An arroba Is about 25 pounds avoirdupois. 

The decline of the industry is strikingly apparent from the appended 
table, containing a record of the exports of coffee in the years 1867- 
1886, inclusive, from the ports of Santiago de Cuba and Guantanamo. 
As most of the Cuban coffee has always been raised in the Province 
of Oriente, the bulk of the exports has always been shipped from 
those two ports. 



Year. 



1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 




Year. 



1877 


37, 660 


1878 


33,200 
37,114 
23, 700 


1879 


1880 


1881 


9,000 
132, 480 
22,500 


1882 


1883 


1884 


1885 


6,295 
7,967 


1886 



Pounds. 



The rehabilitation of the Cuban coffee industry would appear cer- 
tain, and already it may be said to have begun. 

In the Province of Oriente a move in the way of reconstruction of 
farms of this kind has begun, and it is hoped that this industry will 
soon be of great benefit to the island and a sufficiently large crop for 
home consumption be gathered. 

The total number of coffee plantations that yielded crops in 1901-2 
in the Provinces of Pinar del Rio, Santa Clara, Camagiiey, and 
Oriente was 1,091, containing 1,273,493 trees. The yield of these was 
37,654 quintals (about 3 pounds per tree), or 158 quintals, approxi- 
mately, per caballeria. The average price per quintal was $11.35. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 99 

COCOA. 

The cultivation of this plant, reduced at present to the Province 
of Oriente, is one of the most remunerative; as the tree which pro- 
duces cocoa attains great development, and yields fruit of excellent 
quality in fertile lands with a deep stratum that are fresh without 
being damp, characteristics possessed in a high degree by the virgin 
lands of Cuba. 

Planting can be done directly by seeds or by young plants from a 
seed plat or nursery. The iirst system is the safest for the reason 
that where the second is employed, the young plants being very deli- 
cate, in the operation of transplanting a considerable number is lost, 
even though every precaution is taken, but the former presents the 
difficulty of giving to the tender young plants the care they require. 

Planting should be done with seeds from perfectly developed and 
recently gathered pods, inasmuch as after a certain time they lose 
their germinating properties. The seed beans should be planted three 
or four meters apart with the thickest part downward resting on the 
ground, and well covered with earth, in order that an excessive amount 
of sunlight may not injure the embryo plant. 

As cocoa requires shade during the early stages of its development, 
or, in other words, until the tree is covered with leaves, it is generally 
planted together with bananas, or advantage taken of the natural shade 
furnished by the forest trees' in plantations where only the necessary 
clearings for planting have been made. It is better still, however, to 
plant the hucare erythrina wnbrosa, which is a tree that grows rapidly 
and does not impoverish the soil. 

Planting is done from September to November, but the fruit of the 
latter month is preferred where it is not possible to irrigate the land, 
as the October rains of the eastern portions of the island where cocoa 
is principally grown might injure the plant, especially if the soil is 
clayey. 

Care of the plant is reduced to weeding, ridding the tree of dried 
branches and premature flowers, replacing defective plants, harrowing 
the ground, if necessary, all of which can be easily done by one man 
for every thousand plants. 

Cocoa trees begin to yield, generally, between the fourth and fifth 
year, and continue for from thirty to fifty; the finest harvests, however, 
are those gathered in the spring or autumn. 

The approximate cost of cultivating a caballeria of land, including 
felling the trees, planting the cocoa and necessary shade trees, is esti- 
mated to be about $1,856. 

The fruit is considered ripe when the pod becomes a dark yellow 
in color. Gathering must be done with care, the fruit heaped in 
piles to encourage fermentation, the latter lasting four or five days. 



100 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Should this not take place about that time, however, it is advisable to 
facilitate fermentation by means of additional moisture. 

The fermentation having once taken place, it becomes necessary to 
thoroughly separate the beans by a drying process or by washing them 
in tanks and drying by a rapid process, so that the fruit will undergo 
no change. 

Each tree yields from one-half to li kilograms of pods. 

The quintal (100 pounds) of cocoa brings a price of $9, approxi- 
mately. 

During the last fiscal year, 1903-4, Cuba exported to the United 
States 17,888 sacks, or 3,357,547 pounds, valued at $345,924; the total 
exports was 5,119,517 pounds, valued at $565,540. 

CAOUTCHOUO, OR INDIA RUBBER. 

The rubber tree is found in many portions of the island, where it 
was introduced in 1828. The plant was acclimatized by Dr. Ramon, 
de la Sagra, in the botanical gardens then belonging to the University 
of Habana on ground to-day occupied by the station of the Villanueva 
Railroad. Seedlings from said garden were distributed by Doctor 
Sagra to the coffee growers of that time, on whose lands trees exist 
to-day, over 70 years old, with trunks measuring from 18 to 26 inches. 

There is also found in the country the species of rubber tree mani- 
coba {Manihot glazioviJ)^ of which a great number of seeds were 
planted during the year 1900, but many of them failed to grow, due 
either to the poor quality and age of the seed or to the lack of proper 
care given the plants in the nurseries. 

A caballeria of land will hold 3,657 rubber trees of the first species 
mentioned, which, set out in beds six meters square; on land that has 
been cleared and prepared, five men digging, measuring, and trans- 
planting can plant in twelve days at a cost of $48. The total cost of 
felling, planting, value of young plants, and cultivation during six 
years, until the plant begins to bear fruit, can be estimated at $900. 

The yield of 200 trees can be gathered by six workmen in twenty- 
four days, four to cut the bark and collect the milk, and two to carry 
this product to the place where the purifying and thickening process 
takes place. 

TTie twenty-four days mentioned are divided during the first four 
months of the 3^ear at the rate of six days to each month, the period of 
greatest production, according to experienced planters, taking place 
at the time of the full moon. 

It can be asserted that each tree after attaining the age of 6 or 7 
years yields from 2 to 3 pounds of rubber a year. 

Rubber not purified brings from $0.50 to $0.60 a pound and the pure 
article from |0.90 to $1.15 according to the quality and purity. 




A COCOA GROVE. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 101 

While the plant is g-rowing and developing, bananas may be culti- 
vated with it, the proceeds from the sale of which will cover the greater 
part of the expenses. 

COCOANUT. 

This tree and the royal palm are extremely useful to the natives of 
Cuba, as from the trunk he takes the boards to build his hut and the 
leaves he uses to thatch his roof. The fruit of the cocoanut tree 
before ripening entirely contains a liquid called "agua de coco" 
(cocoanut milk), which is very palatable and has excellent diuretic 
properties. When ripe, the fruit contains a greasy matter known as 
" cocoanut oil," which is applied in a multitude of ways. 

The best lands for the cocoanut are those near the coast, containing 
a loose sandy soil. 

The plant is propagated by means of seeds planted between January 
and May, which produce seedlings in about six or eight months. 
These are transplanted during the dry season from August to Novem- 
ber and from January to April. 

In the eastern portions of the island the cultivation of this plant 
has reached important proportions, especially in Baracoa, where there 
is an oil mill established for the manufacture of cocoanut oil and cocoa- 
nut butter. 

Each cocoanut tree will yield at the end of seven years, the period 
of its highest development, about 40 cocoanuts. 

During the fiscal year 1903-4: Cuba exported to the United States 
cocoanuts to the value of $288,736. 

TRUCK GARDENS. 

There are extensive tracts of land in Cuba which, owing to their 
fertility and location, are especially adapted to truck farming; but 
the scarcity of population, bad roads, and the tendency, contrary to the 
most elemental and good principles of rural economy, of cultivating 
on a large scale only two plants, cane and tobacco, all other necessary 
articles being imported from foreign countries, brings about the 
result that truck farming has not received the attention that it should 
have done; not even small portions of land on plantations being 
devoted to this class of products, sufficient to satisfy the wants of the 
planter and his workmen. Only a short while ago no attention was 
paid to truck farming except on lands having manifestly good condi- 
tions and located on the outskirts of large cities, and then exclusively 
for the purpose of supplying the home market. But, stimulated by 
the betterment in the commercial relations between Cuba and the 
United States, fresh garden products being very scarce in the latter 
country during the winter season — the very time when they are at 
their best in Cuba (December and January) — truck farming is acquir- 
ing a rapid development and will no doubt reach such proportions 



102 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



that a part of the territory of the island will be converted into the 
great winter garden of the United States. This would result in 
immediate and direct benefits and an increase in the trade of both 
countries, giving Cuba the necessary stimulus which this class of cul- 
tivation carries with it and the corresponding progress in agricultural 
methods; inasmuch as, being eminently intensive and truck gardens 
requiring constant and careful attention, it would come to be the best 
school and field of experiment for the Cuban planter, who could learn 
many useful lessons from the practical and advanced methods of gar- 
dening as happens even now with many planters in portions of the 
Provinces of Habana, Pinar del Rio, Matanzas, and Oriente, where 
American gardeners have grown fine cabbages, egg plants, vegetable 
pears, tomatoes, etc., vegetables that were formerly imported and 
which to-day are easily obtained in the country. 

SIZE OF FARMS AND ACREAGE OF CROPS. 

The census of 1899 gives the following figures as to the size of 
Cuban farms and plantations, and as to percentage of cultivated area: 

Comparative size of Cuban farms. 



Size of farms. 


Per cent 
of num- 
ber of 
farms. 


Per cent 
of culti- 
vated 
area. 


Size of farms. 


Per cent 
of num- 
ber of 
farms. 


Per cent 
of culti- 
vated 
area. 


Under one-fourth caballeria. . 


63.5 
19.2 
8.0 


15.5 

12.5 

9.5 


Three-fourths to 1 caballeria. 


2.1 

6.1 

.9 

.7 

.5 


3.5 
16.1 




3 to 5 caballerias 


7.0 


One-half to three-fourths cab- 


5 to 10 caballerias 


9.0 




Over 10 caballerias 


26.9 









Also the following particulars as to the comparative acreage of the 
principal crops in 1899, and as to percentage of cultivated area: 

Comparative acreage of Cuban crops: 



Crops. 



Sugar cane 

Sweet potatoes 

Tobacco 

Bananas 

Indian corn . . . 

Mala] 

Yuca 

Coffee 





Per 




cent of 


Cordels. a 


culti- 




vated 




area. 


4,142,016 


47.3 


973, 629 


11.3 


817,452 


9.3 


753, 627 


8.6 


639, 042 


7.3 


303, 603 


3.4 


283, 363 


3.2 


137,854 


1.6 



Crops. 



Cocoanuts . . . 

Cocoa 

Rice 

Yams 

Irish potatoes 
Pineapples... 

Oranges 

Onions 



Cordels. a 



120,261 
119, 525 
42, 076 
30, 030 
26, 808 
26, 782 
23,418 
14, 274 



Per 
cent of 
culti- 
vated 
area. 



1.4 
1.4 
.5 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.2 



a The cord el is about one-tenth of an acre. 
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 



The pineapple crop during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1904, 
amounted in value to about $1,250,000. The fruit found ready sale 
in the United States and at higher prices than in preceding years, 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 103 

owin^ to the fact that large shipments are now made direct from 
Habana to Chicago, instead of being all made, as heretofore, to New 
York, which naturally resulted in overloading the market in that city, 
and thus reduced the value of the fruit. The establishment of a pine- 
apple canning factory in the vicinity of Habana would be a profitable 
investment, as much of the fruit in excess of domestic needs can not 
be shipped, especially after heavy rains. Other fruits, ripening either 
before or after the pineapple and suitable for making marmalades, 
would permit continuous employment of help and machinery. 

A decided increase in the shipment of fruits other than pineapples, 
and in vegetables, is noted in 1904. The Cuban orange is a delicious 
fruit, and limes and lemons are of good quality and abundant. Toma- 
toes, sweet potatoes, onions, peppers, eggplant, okra, etc., were also 
up to expectation in quality and quantity and brought good prices. 
The value of the crop of fruits (exclusive of pineapples) and vegeta- 
bles amounted to $2,712,300. 

DESCRIPTION OF CUBAN FRUITS. 

Aguacate {alligator pear). — This is one of the most popular fruits 
in the Antilles; it is pear-shaped, green or purple, and often weighs 
2 pounds. On account of the pulp being firm and marrow like, it is 
also known as vegetable marrow or midshipman's butter. A very 
good oil for soap comes from its seed. The tree is an evergreen about 
25 or 30 feet high. 

Caimito. — ^This fruit is purple or dark green on the outside. It has 
a milky, fibrous meat, sweet and starch}^, and a number of round, black 
seeds. It grows on a tree. 

Anon, and Chirimoya {custard apple). — This is a heart-shaped fruit, 
quite sweet, with a slightly acid taste, and very refreshing. Anon 
has a scaly exterior, chirimoya, a smooth peel, and contains numerous 
seeds buried in a pulp. It is sometimes known as bullock's heart on 
account of its size and shape. It grows on trees 25 or 30 feet high. 

Figs {higos). — Figs of all kinds grow luxuriantly. 

OranadiUa. — This fruit grows on the vine which bears the passion 
flower. The fruit is generally as large as a child's head. It is much 
liked by the natives, who use it in making refreshments and desserts. 
The meat is glutinous and contains many small seeds. 

Guanabana. — This is a large fruit, about the size of a muskmelon, 
with many seeds, and fibrous meat having a delicate flavor. It is used 
for making refreshments, ices, and preserves, and is also eaten in its 
natural state. 

Guama. — The guava is a black, globose, pulpy fruit, with an agree- 
able acid flavor, and is used in making jell}', marmalade, etc. It is 
largely cultivated in tropical countries, there being two varieties — 
the red or appie-shaped, and the white or pear-shaped. 



104 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Lima. — The lima is somewhat like the lime, but has the flavor of 
the grape. 

Lime {limon citrus). — The lime is the product of the Citrus limetta 
tree. The juice is used in cooling beverages in the tropics, and is 
especially in demand in summer in higher latitudes. It is also boiled 
and used in flavors. 

Mammee {saj)ota). — The mammee or sapota tree yields a fruit the 
juice of which resembles marmalade. It is known locally as the 
" mamey Colorado." 

Mmnoncillo. — This fruit grows in clusters. It is a species of plum; 
it is tart, and has one fibrous pit. 

Mango. — A fruit shaped somewhat like a pear, but attached to the 
tree by the larger end. The meat is fibrous and clings to the seed, 
somewhat as the meat of a clingstone peach does. It is generally 
eaten in its natural state, but when green is sometimes boiled as a 
vegetable. Its flavor when ripe is a combination of apricot and pine- 
apple. There are several varieties of this fruit. The tree is 30 or 40 
feet high. 

Papaya {paio paw). — The papaya is about 10 inches long, commonly 
of an oblong form, ribbed, and having a thick fleshy rind. It is eaten 
raw, or, when green, is boiled as a vegetable; it is also pickled. The 
tree is about 20 feet high and has large leaves. Meat boiled with a 
small portion of the leaf is made tender; or meat can be made tender 
by simply hanging it among the leaves. The seeds are used as a 
vermifuge. 

Sa/pote or sapotillo {plum). — This is a small brown fruit, with black 
watermelon-like seeds and juice, which disappears with incipient 
decay, when the fruit becomes very sugary. 

FRUIT EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES. 

Nearly all. fruit and vegetables not consumed here are exported to 
the United States, except cacao, which is shipped in considerable 
quantities to Spain, German}^, England, and France. The value of 
the fruit exports to the United States during the years 1899 to 1903 
was as follows: 1899, $801,200; 1900, $1,181,700; 1901, $1,442,700; 
1902, 11,906,600; 1903, $2,932,300. 



CHAPTER VI. 

STOCK RAISING. 



There are few countries better suited to stock raising than Cuba, 
where grass is abundant at all seasons and where many streams fur- 
nish a copious supply of good water. The breeding of stock was at 
one time an important industry, but owing to the excessive taxes 
during the period of Spanish domination, amounting to upward of 40 
per cent of the value of the stock, and the great destruction due to 
the serious revolutions which have taken place in the island, this 
industry has been seriously crippled. The last two wars almost 
entirely destroyed it; and as the duties on stock were almost pro- 
hibitive and the stock was taken by the Government under one pre- 
text or another as fast as imported, recovery was necessarily slow. 

For example: 

Duty on live stock. 

Per head. 

Horses $85 

Mules 32 

Oxen 22 

Cows 10 

Calves, heifers, ariH steers 8 

Hogs 7 

Owing to the vast number and great variety of palm trees, the 
berries of which (Palmiche) are a never-failing food supply for hogs, 
of excellent quality, these animals can be raised in large numbers and 
at a very little expense. 

The number of cattle ranches and of live stock in the island, prior 
to the outbreak of the war of independence, February 24, 1895, was 
the following: 

CATTLE RANCHES. 



Provinces. 



Number. 



Pinar del Rio . 

Habana 

Matanzas 

Santa Clara... 

Camaguey 

Oriente 

Total . . . 



599 
1,262 

224 
1,260 

399 

364 



4,098 



105 



106 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

LIVE STOCK. 



Number. 



Value. 



Horses and mules 

Cattle 

Pigs 

Sheep 

Total 



584, 725 

2, 485, 766 

570, 194 

7S, 494 



820, 466, 375 

74, 572, 980 

5, 700, 000 

393, 000 



3, 719, 179 



101,132,355 



The fore^oin^ tables show that at the beginning of the revolution 
which resulted in the separation of Cuba from the mother country, 
the total number of cattle of all kinds existing in the island was 
3,719,179, which demonstrates the flourishing condition of the industry. 

The awful work of devastation carried on by both the patriots and 
the Spanish armies was responsible for the almost total extinction of 
animal life in the western Provinces of the island, and even Camaguey 
and Santa Clara, the two great cattle regions of Cuba, were well-Jiigh 
dispossessed of live stock at the period of American intervention. 

As soon as peace was declared the agriculturists and planters who 
had some means at their command or credit made every possible efl'ort 
to replace their live stock. The Government, in turn, could not 
remain indifferent to the appeals of the principal cattle owners in the 
central and eastern parts of the island who had had their ranches 
burned and destroyed by the war, and which they had not been able 
to reconstruct or repair owing to lack of means, and therefore it 
authorized, at the request of the department of agriculture, the con- 
cession of an appropriation to import cattle and horses. The cargoes 
began to arrive in the month of December, 1900, and were landed at 
the ports of Tunas de Zaza, Casilda, Nuevitas, Gibara, Manzanillo, 
Baracoa, and Puerto Padre. Five thousand four hundred and ninety- 
four head of cattle and 1,158 horses were received in all and were dis- 
tributed among the planters of said districts, under obligation to 
reimburse the cost of said animals on dates agreed upon. 

The Cuban cattle industry therefore is now being reconstructed, 
although slowly. Every possible effort must be made to develop it in 
order that fresh meat may be in the reach of all, especially the work- 
ing classes, who, owing to the excessive price of meat, very seldom 
partake of it. Of the 900,000 caballerias of land which constitute the 
Cuban territory 400,000 may be easily devoted to cattle for breeding 
purposes, which, at the rate of 20 head per caballeria, would give a 
total of 8,000,000, and thissiim might be easily duplicated if a rational 
and systematic method were pursued in the breeding of said cattle 
in order to improve the stock. In this manner possibly the require- 
ments of the home consumption would be provided for and even 
sufficient animals to export to the neighboring Republics. 

The number of cattle imported into the island during 1899 was 
399,829; during 1900, 288,314; during 1901, 368,793. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 107 

The total number of cattle, horses, mules, and asses in Cuba in Jan- 
uary, 1902, as oificiallj given in the State Department report, was as 
follows: 

Cattle 805,485 

Horses 137,312 

Mules , 25,760 

Asses 1, 659 

Showing an increase of over 100 per cent in cattle since 1899 and 
of over 50 per cent in horses and mules. 

The Government, by means of improvement committees (juntas 
de fomento) established in Sancti Spiritus, Trinidad, Camaguey, 
Holguin, Bayamo, Baracoa, and Puerto Padre, distributed in 1901 
4,336 cows, bulls and calves, and 1,178 mares; or a total of 5,494 head 
of cattle, the cost of which reached the sum of $166,116.58 currency. 
This cattle was distributed in lots, and promissory notes accepted in 
payment, which became due in twelve, eighteen, twenty-four, and 
thirty months with 4 per cent interest, the animals remaining as Gov- 
ernment property until the notes were canc^eled and said animals 
inscribed as the property of their owners in the cattle register. 

The President of the Republic, considering that the cattle industry 
is the most natural and real source of wealth of the island; that the 
500,000 caballerias calculated to be uncultivated can support 4,000,000 
head of cattle; that of the total amount of live stock imported annually 
200,000 head have to be placed in pasture with a profit of $2,000,000, 
at the rate of $10 per head, addressed, a message to the Cuban Con- 
gress, which resulted in the promulgation of the law of September 15, 
1902, tending to stimulate and encourage private parties in the interest 
and development of the Cuban cattle industry. The satisfactory 
results of this law are clearly shown in data collected by the depart- 
ment of finance and from which it is demonstrated that on September 
30, 1903 (one year after the law had been passed), the amount of live 
stock had increased from 1,143,442 head in existence on September 
30, 1902, to 1,456,126 on the same date in 1903; that is, there was an 
increase of 312,684 head, of which 28 per cent corresponded to beef 
cattle, 24 per cent to horses, 15 per cent to mules, and 13 per cent to 
asses. 

Furthermore, as a result of the same law by which cows for breed- 
ing purposes were exempted from the payment of import duties, there 
were received during the same period 81,685 cows and calves, besides 
the calves, mostly females, of 19,213 cows; all of which, added to those 
already in the country, and those inscribed in the cattle registers, 
gives a grand, total of 553,790 head. In addition, considering the pro- 
hibition there is to slaughter cows unless unproductive, and to export 
any kind of cattle whatever, it can be stated that the day is not far 
distant when the Republic will have sufficient live stock for its home 



108 HANDBOOK OF CUBA'. 

consumption, and if, as is to be hoped, there continues a favorable 
development in the breeding of cattle, and the agricultural experimental 
station takes the proper interest in propagating the practical and most 
rational methods advised by zoology to improve, classify, and better 
the condition of the stock, the day will come sooner or later when 
there will be a surplus in the production of the country and the Cuban 
producer, taking advantage of the low rates of freight prevailing 
between Cuba and the United States, as compared with railroad rates 
in the United States between the cattle-producing centers and the 
great markets, can ship and sell his cattle at a profit. 

The herds of horses, mules, and asses have also made great progress, 
as it is shown that this class of stock in September, 1903, reached the 
number of 197,672, 32,801, and 2,040, respectively, as against 159,149, 
28,579, and 1,803 the previous year. 

The following table shows the average maximum and minimum 
prices paid for different kinds of cattle during the year 1902, accord- 
ing to data obtained from the municipal districts of each Province: 

BREEDING STOCK. 

Milch COWS $73. 26 to $50. 20 

Milch cows for breeding 58. 04 40. 40 

Horses (stallions) 141.66 90.99 

Mares 64.50 49.58 

Asses 88.17 25.37 

Hogs 11.92 7.68 

Sheep , 5.85 4.87 

WORKING ANIMALS 

Yoke of oxen: 

First class $153. 95 to $131. 26 

Second class 130.01 104.66 

Third class 110.06 81.85 

Horses: 

Saddle 143.70 127.68 

For work 78.54 62.95 

Coach, in towns 87.66 69.57 

Coach, in the country 69. 00 62. 83 

Pack ". 60.81 55.89 

Mules: 

Saddle 150.84 105.60 

For use in towns 121.58 89.50 

For use in the country 93.03 80.80 

v. 
BEEF CATTLE. 

(On the hoof per arroha.) 

Oxen $3. 21 to $2. 06 

Bulls 3.33 2.41 

Cows 3.23 2.13 

Bullocks 3. 20 2. 30 

YearUngs 3. 33 3. 20 

Calves 3.58 2. 60 

Hogs: 

For pork 2. 98 2. 30 

Forlard 2.90 2.38 

Sheep 3.29, 2.50 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



109 



This industry, at one time one of the principal ones of Cuba, is 
to-day making rapid progress toward regaining its former prominence, 
and figures largely in the amount of importations into Cuba. From 
the following table, covering the calendar years 1899 to 1903, it 
appears that the importations from Mexico in the five years exceeded 
those from the United States by nearly $4,000,000. This would not 
be the case if our cattle dealers put forth a little more efl^'ort to gain 
control of the Cuban market. 

Value of the cattle imported into Cuba in the five years 1899 to 1903. 



Whence imported. 


1899. 


1900. 


1901. 


1902. 


1903. 


Total. 


Mexico 


$3, 151, 900 

3,275,900 

2, 050, 200 

1,076,600 

783, 900 

638, 900 

236, 500 


$2,390,300 
1, 770, 100 
1,489,600 
879,400 
260, 100 
490, 900 
196, 600 


12, 382, 600 

1,070,900 

1,870,900 

2, 574, 900 

146, 100 

312, 200 

86, 500 


$2,341,300 
970, 900 
1,141,700 
313, 900 
329, 900 
200, 300 
138, 600 


11, 738, 900 
1,258,200 
672, 900 
1,370,400 
408, 600 
171,200 
195,500 


S12, 005, 000 
8, 346, 000 
7, 225, 300 
6, 215, 200 
1, 927, 600 
1,713,500 
853,700 


United States 


Colombia 






Porto Rico 


Otlier countries 




Total 


11, 113, 900 


7,477,000 


8, 443, 100 


5, 436, 600 


6,815,700 


38,286,300 





It will be noticed that during the past five years Mexico has supplied 
about 33 per cent of all the cattle imported, and that the purchases 
from the United States, which exceeded those from Mexico in 1899, 
have steadily fallen off during 1900, 1901, and 1902, but appear to be 
again increasing, which supports the argument that if stronger eflforts 
to do business are made the object desired will be gained. 

There are thousands of acres of land in Cuba suitable for cattle rais- 
ing which can be purchased at from |1 to $3 per acre. Cattle do well 
in this country. They fatten nicely and produce meat of good quality. 
The percentage of loss on account of sickness is small. 

The latest statistics published by the treasury department of Cuba 
show that the number of live stock consumed and the kilograms of 
meat were as follows during the last five years: 



Year. 


Number of live stock. 


Kilograms of meat. 


Cattle. 


Pigs. 


Sheep. 


Cattle. 


Pigs, 


Sheep. 


1900 


171,071 
174,887 
176,962 
179,632 
194, 913 


79, 381 
105, 810 
120, 196 
149,073 
160,160 


1,497 
2,598 
3,512 
6,076 
7,628 


27,631,059 
29, 687, 109 
31,293,342 
32, 901, 105 
34, 611, 645 


3,397,444 
4, 287, 525 
4,879,571 
6, 309, 680 
6, 775, 591 


28,489 
47, 307 
69,719 
86, 960 
121 249 


1901 


1902 


1903 

1904 







During 1904 the number of live stock increased as follows: 401,050 
cattle, 63,917 horses, 6,642 mules, and 299 asses, in which are included 
the following by natural increase: Cattle, 226,501; horses, 28,989; 
mules, 1,305; asses, 168. 

The rate of mortality was 0.44 per hundred in cattle, 0.Y4 in horses, 
0.77 in mules, and 0.09 in asses. 



110 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

CUSTOMS DUTIES ON LIVE STOCK. 

The translation of a message sent by President Palma to the Cuban 
Congress regarding changes in customs duties on live stock and on 

barbed wire, as follows: 

Republic op Cuba, 

Executive Mansion. 
Congress: 

So imperious is the necessity of reestablishing the raising of live stock, the most 
natural and certain of all the resources of this country, that the executive believes — 
and without prejudice to the direct aid which he proposes to ask of Congress for its 
encouragement and development — that private initiative should be stimulated by all 
possible means, furnishing it a way to enable it to contribute, under favorable cir- 
cumstances, to the same end. 

To demonstrate this necessity and the incalculable benefit which providing for it 
would bring to the country, the following considerations are, in the opinion of the 
executive, sufficient: 

(1) Of the 900,000 caballerias (30,000,000 acres) of which the land comprising the 
territory of this island is composed, 500,000 caballerias (16,600,000 acres) are at 
present uncultivated, for which reason they produce nothing. They are, however, 
adapted to the raising of cattle, and in them at least 4,000,000 head could be splen- 
didly cared for at the rate of 8 per caballeria (33 J acres). 

(2) Some 300,000 head being on an average the ntimber consumed in the island 
in one year, when Cuba succeeds by the restocking of her cattle farms in producing 
the same, their value — reasonably estimated at $30a per head — would amount to 
$9,000,000, a sum which would remain in the country instead of going to the foreign 
lands from which such cattle are now obtained, and this aside from the $2,000,000 
approximate value of the jerked beef at present consumed, aside from the value of 
the hides, which can be estimated at $1,500,000, and aside from the amount derived 
from cattle which could be exported to other countries from the surplus of Cuban 
stock. 

(3) Of the 400,000 head received throughout the island during the year, 200,000 
should be sent to pasture before being slaughtered, according to reports from 
authentic sources. As lean cattle, in the six months' pasture which it requires to 
fatten, should, according to the estimates of competent persons, yield a profit of at 
least $10 to the cattleman for the greater weight obtained, it results that if these 
200,000 head are brought in lean to be sent to pasture instead of coming in fattened 
for immediate slaughter, their fattening in this country would yield $2,000,000, 
which would be distributed among the cattlemen and planters; or, that is to say, by 
receiving them fattened the country would not enjoy this considerable profit, but it 
would go to increase the treasure of a few merchants and of the foreign raisers. 
However, while we are arriving at this longed-for result — that is, of producing in 
Cuba the number of cattle required for its consumption — it becomes indispensable to 
enact efficacious provisions directed not alone to the reproduction of this cattle, but 
to causing that which is received from the exterior, in the meanwhile, to yield a 
profit to the country before its slaughter, instead of obtaining it solely — as to-day 
happens in the majority of cases — with reference to fattened cattle. The executive 
is consequently of the opinion that the thing to do is to amend the present cxistoms 
tariffs to attain the end in view, as a principal means for stimulating private initiative 
in this matter; the customs tariffs in force to-day tending more to favor speculators 
than to protect the raising of cattle in Cuba. Under these tariffs (class 10, group 1) 
the duties paid on live stock on its importation into this island are the following: & 

a The present value of the Cuban dollar, or peso, is about 60 cents in United States 
currency. 

^Paid in United States gold or its equivalent. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. Ill 

Paragraph 181. 
Horses and mares: 

( a) Those exceeding the established height each . . $10 

(6) All others do... 5 

Paragraph 182. 
She mules each.. 5 

Paragraph 183. 
Asses ..^ each . . 5 

Paragraph 184- 
Cattle: 

(«) Oxen each- . 2 

(&) Cows do... 2 

(c) Young oxen and cows do... 2 

[d) Calves , do... 1 

In conformity with the foregoing, the executive has the honor to submit to the 

consideration of Congress, for the decision it may desire to adopt, the following 
bases: 

The following scale shall govern the collection of tariff duties on cattle imported 
into this island at any one of the ports of Habana, Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua la 
Grande, Nuevitas, Gibara, Cienfuegos, Tunas de Zaza, Santa Cruz del Sur, Malnza- 
nillo, and Santiago de Cuba, the only ones equipped for the purpose. The following 
will enter free of tariff duties: 

(1) Cows fit for breeding and heifers. 

(2) Cows with their young, on foot. 

(3) Bulls of the Jersey, Guernsey, Devon, Durham, Hereford, Porto Rico, and 
Argentine Republic breeds, provided the importer duly accredits their origin, states 
at the time of importation the ranch or farm to which they are destined, and guaran- 
tees that they will remain on the farm stated for the period of one year, under pen- 
alty of payment of the following duties: 

If guaranty is not given, each will be assessed $15. 00 

Yearling calves each. . 1. 00 

Fat cattle, male, from Florida, fat to be understood as not exceeding 550 

pounds (253 kilos) in weight each.. 5. 50 

Fat cattle, male, from Honduras, fat to be understood as not exceeding 600 

pounds (276 kilos) in weight each.. 6. 00 

Fat cattle, male, from Mexico, fat to be understood as not exceeding 700 

pounds (322 kilos) in weight each. . 7. 00 

Fat cattle, male, from Venezuela and Colombia, or countries other than those 
mentioned, fat to be understood as not exceeding 800 pounds (368 kilos) in 

weight each.. 8. 00 

Lean cattle, or those weighing less than the above-mentioned weights, accord- 
in to their origin each. . 2. 00 

No lean cattle shall be slaughtered before at least three months after their land- 
ing. For this purpose they shall be branded on entry into the ports of the island 
with an iron or brand showing that they are for pasture. Before any cattle which 
may carry the mark referred to are slaughtered, it shall be proven, in the manner 
which may be provided, that they have been in pasture for the period of three 
months mentioned. The slaughter of cows is prohibited, excepting those which 
may be useless for breeding, this to be properly proven. No new tax over those at 
present established, which might affect the consumption of cattle, shall in any form 
or for any purpose be collected during the period of three years. The present tariff 



112 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

is likewise amended with regard to horses and mules and the following rules estab- 
lished: 

Stallions exceeding the height established (150 centimeters — 59 inches — measured 
by rule) and he asses shall enter free of duty. 

Mares exceeding the aforesaid height will pay each . . |4 

Same of less height do 7 

Geldings exceeding the aforesaid height do... 15 

Same of less height do 5 

Mules exceeding the established height do 10 

Same of less height do... 5 

For the period of one year barbed wire and staples used in the construction of 
fences will be exempted from the payment of tariff duties. 

The decision which Congress may adopt as a law will not take effect before ten 
days after its publication. The Government will issue the orders and instructions 
necessary for the enforcement of what Congress may resolve, in case the preceding 
bases are approved. 

The President. 

Habana, June 21, 1902. 



CHAPTER VIL 

NUMBER AND KINDS OF MINES— THEIR EXPLOITATION— PROD- 
UCT—MINING LAWS, ETC. 



The development of the mining- industry in Cuba may be said to 
date from the year 1830, when corporations or companies were formed 
for the purpose of worldng the copper mines in the Province of Oriente; 
and during the nineteen years following there were exported more 
than 600,000 tons, valued at over $48,000,000, and this only from two 
mines, the Consolidada and San Jose. 

Subsequent to the paralization caused by the first war of independ- 
ence (1868), and as a result of the demand for mineral, the spirit of 
enterprise was stimulated, researches were made, with the result that 
numerous copper and iron mines w^ere discovered and worked in 
Oriente. Soon after manganese mines were discovered in the same 
Province, and naphtha, gold, and copper in Santa Clara. 

A revival of the industry took place immediatelj^ after peace was 
restored in 1899, considerable prospecting being done in the Province 
of Pino del Rio, where it appears that coal mines exist. It is also 
believed that asphalt and copper mines are to be found in the said 
Province, and in those of Habana and Matanzas. 

There is not at present sufficient knowledge regarding the real 
mineral richness of the island to form an exact opinion or to make an 
accurate estimate of the same. In former times the mines were 
profitably worked. The industry afterwards was totally stopped, 
owing to the abnormal circumstances in which the island remained 
during many years. The benefits of peace are giving new vigor to 
this enterprise, judging from the great number of petitions for con 
cessions filed in the offices of the civil governors of Provinces. 

The mineral resources of the island are represented by the following 
products: Gold, silver, iron, copper, manganese, lead, asphalt, petro- 
leum, naphtha, graphite, amianthus, asbestos, zinc, mercur}^, and coal. 
These minerals are found in most of the Provinces, but the richest 
mineral district is the Province of Oriente, followed in importance by 
Santa Clara, Camaguey, Pinar del Rio, Matanzas, and Habana. 

The total number of mines surveyed, and the boundaries marked in 
the island up to December 31, 1903, was 386, containing 20,871 hec- 
tares, divided among the Provinces, and classified as follows: 



Asphalt 78 

Copper ., 77 

Iron 63 

Pit coal 11 

Oxide of red lead 1 

Manganese 84 

Gold •. 13 



Graphite 2 

Lead 5 

Zinc 2 

Asbestos 1 

Other kinds 49 

Total 386 



159a— 05 8 113 



114 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



The total area of the mining region of Cuba is 66,395 acres, of 
which 44,586 belong to the Province of Oriente, 4,288 acres to Santa 
Clara, 5,202 to Camaguey; 1,361 to Pinar del Rio; 444 to Matanzas; 
and 514 to Habana. 

Of the above number of mines very few of iron, manganese, and 
copper, in the Province of Oriente, are in operation. The others can 
be considered only as concessions waiting for funds for exploitation. 
The administration, according to the laws in force, can not compel the 
miners to operate their claims. The owner is in possession of his mine 
to perpetuity, and at his own will may work it or not. The only cause 
of forfeiture established by the law is the failure to pay the annual 
taxes. 

The applicants for mines can, according to law, ask for one or 
several claims at the same time. A claim (pertenencia) is 300 meters 
(984 feet) long by 200 meters (656 feet) wide (6 hectares, or 14.8 acres), 
except when the mines are of iron, coal, anthracite, lignite, turf, 
asphalt, or bituminous clays, when the pertenencia is 500 meters (1,640 
feet) long and 800 meters (984 feet) wide (15 hectares, or 37 acres). 

The taxes to be paid to the Government are ^5 yearly per hectare 
(2.471 acres), or $30 for each claim containing 6 hectares (14.8 acres), 
when the mines are of precious stones or metalliferous substances. 

In the other cases, the tax is $2 per hectare (2.471 acres), and there- 
fore the total to be paid for the pertenencia may be $12 or $30, 
according to the surface of the claim. 

The following is a list of the concessions made up to the year 1902: 







Provinces. 








Minerals. 


Pinar del 
Rio: 


Habana. 


Matan- 
zas. 


Santa 
Clara. 


Puerto 
Principe. 


Oriente. 


Total. 




4 






9 

2 

17 

20 


24 
2 

7 


167 

141 

81 

9 

9 

. 7 

8 

1 

1 

2 

3 

4 

3 


204 


Manganese 






145 




4 


2 


1 


112 


Gold 


29 




1 
5 
15 








10 


Coal . . 




3 
20 


2 
22 




17 


Asphalt 


7 


6 


78 




1 


Antimony 










1 
2 


2 


Mercury 










4 












3 


Zinc blende 












4 


Oil.. . 






2 

1 


1 




6 


Tar 


3 






4 




1 










Red lead 




1 

1 
















1 
1 








Graphite 












Naphtha 






1 








Silver 








1 
1 






Lime 




























Total 


32 


10 


29 


76 


44 


436 


627 







HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
In 1904 the following were granted: 



115 



Provinces. 


Number 
of mines. 


Hectares. 


Habana 


10 
26 
9 
19 
12 
99 


476 




1 114 


!Matanzas 


407 




386 




1,319 


Oriente , - - 


4 398 








Total 


174 


8,100 





RECENT MINING OPERATIONS. 

[Note. — The following statements and tables are extracted from a report on the mineral resources of 
Cuba in 1901, prepared by Harriet Connor Brown, of the Division of Mining and Mineral Resources, 
under the direction of Dr. David T. Day, of the United States Geological Survey, at Washington, 
D. C, for General Wood, and inserted in General Wood's civil report of 1902.] 

The commercial production of metals (in 1901) was confined to the 
Province of Oriente and included only iron and manganese. Three 
companies in Santiago de Cuba, all practically controlled by one 
American corporation, produced the iron rained in the island last year, 
and one company in Santiago de Cuba, also an American organization, 
produced all the manganese taken from Cuba, with the exception of 
two small special shipments of a few hundred tons each made by other 
parties. There was no production of copper save that of a few hun- 
dred tons shipped as samples from the Provinces of Oriente. Cama- 
guey, and Matanzas, but it will surprise most people to know that 
there was any. Asphalt was produced on a commercial scale in the 
four Provinces of Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Camaguey. 
Each of the six Provinces contributed to the total production of brick, 
stone, and lime. The total value of mineral products for the year 
1901 amounted to $3,279,978. 

Cuban mineral production reported for 1901. 



Products. 



Produ- 
cers. 



Unit. 



Quantity. 



Value. 



Iron 

Manganese ... 

Copper 

Asphalt 

Stone 

Lime 

Brick and tile. 
Cement 



Long tons 

.....do 

do 

do 

Cubic meters. 

Long tons 

Number 

Long tons 



555,177 


$1,240,555 


24, 104 


96,791 


608 


120,354 


4,554 


38, 950 


461,025 


847, 781 


115,991 


340, 791 


34, 114, 695 


464, 756 


10,000 


130,000 



Total value . 



3, 279, 978 



116 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



The value of production by Provinces is shown in the appended 
table: 

Mineral production of Cuba, by Provinces, in J 901. 



Province. 


Iron. 


Manga- 
nese. 


Copper. 


Asphalt. 


Stone. 


Lime. 


Clay. 


Cement. 












$10, 295 
465, 265 
59,447 
131, 524 
69,325 
21, 925 
90,000 


$17, 075 
200, 183 
58, 625 
25, 308 
14, 690 
11, 038 
013,872 


$42,176 
279, 929 












$26,600 
6, 750 
6,600 
5,000 


1130,000 








$162 








91,621 
19, 104 

23, 677 
8,250 










18,360 
101,832 






$1,240,555 


$96, 791 























Total value 


1,240,555 


96, 791 


120,354 


38,950 


847,781 


340,791 


464, 756 


130,000 



a An estimate of lime used on sugar estates. 

Although the results of this canvass of the- island's mineral resources 
seem thus insignificant, the investigation is interesting as showing that, 
under reasonable promise of political and industrial peace, numerous 
enterprises will be established for the further development of Cuba's 
mineral wealth. 

IRON, 

The iron ore found throughout the Sierra Maestra Range is both 
hematite and magnetite. As it is rich in iron and low in sulphur and 
phosphorus, it is particularly adapted to the Bessemer process. The 
average analysis of ore produced by the Spanish- American Iron Com- 
pany during 1901 was as follows: 

Per cent. 

Sulphur 0.11 

Copper 20 



Per cent. 

Metallic iron 62. 5 

Phosphorus 032 

Silica 7. 5 



It is interesting to note that the quarry S37^stem is used exclusively 
in the development of all these iron properties, as there are no mines 
at all in the ordinary sense of the term. The ore is found in small 
irregular bodies, without definite walls, near the tops of hills. The 
ore, which is extremely hard, is loosened from the country rock by 
means of sledges and explosives, and steam shovels are employed to 
remove the upper soil and debris. One of the chief difficulties of the 
proposition is that of sorting the ore from the country rock. 

The annual shipments of iron ore from Cuba since the opening of 
the mines in the Province of Oriente in 1884 is shown in the following 
table: 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



117 



Year. 


J urugua 

Iron Co., 

Ltd. 


Sigua 
Iron Co. 


Spanish- 
American 
Iron Co. 


Cuban 

Steel Ore 

Co. 


Total. 


1884 . 


Long tons. 

25,295 

80, 716 
112,074 

94,240 
206, 061 
260,291 
363, 842 
264, 262 
335, 236 
337, 155 
156, 826 
307,503 
298, 885 
248,256 

83,696 
161, 783 
154, 871 
199, 435 


Long tons. 


Long tons. 


Long tons. 


LonMons. 
25, 295 


1886 








80,716 


1886 . 








112,074 


1887 








94, 240 


1888 








206, 061 


1889 








260, 291 


1890 








363, 842 


1891 . . .... 








264, 262 


1892 


6,418 
14, 020 






341, 654 


1893 






351, 175 


1894 






156, 826 


1895 . 




74, 991 

114,110 

b 206, 029 

84, 643 

215, 406 

292, 001 

c 335, 136 




382, 494 


1896 






412, 995 








454, 285 


1898 . . 






168, 339 








377,189 


1900 






446, 872 


1901 




20, 666 


555, 237 










3, 690, 427 


20,438 


1,322,316 


20, 666 


5, 053, 847 







a Of this quantity, 5,932 tons were sent to Pictou, Nova Scotia. 
& Of this quantity, 51,537 tons were sent to foreign ports. 
c Of this quantity, 12,691 tons were sent to foreign ports. 

The Cuban Mining Company has in the Province of Camaguey a 
group of iron properties, as follows: 



Name of property. 



John Fritz . . . 
Catasauqua . . 
Pennsylvania 
Philadelphia. 



237 
276 
234 



Name of property. 



Pittsburg 

El Yman 

El Panorama 



266 

88 
247 



The analyses of samples from these various claims areas follows: 

Analyses of iron ores from Camaguey. 



Name. 



El Yman 

Pennsylvania 

Pittsburg 

El Panorama 
Philadelphia . 
Catasauqua... 
John Fritz 



Metallic 


Phos- 


iron. 


phorus. 


Per cent. 


Per cent. 


66.68 


0.053 


66.29 


.035 


51.13 


.075 


51.13 


.099 


64.01 


.085 


63.21 


.090 


69.59 


.058 



John Fritz 
Do.... 
Do ... . 
Do.... 
Do.... 
Do.... 
Do.... 



Metallic 
iron. 



Per cent. 
67.50 
67. 192 
68.00 
67.13 
67.00 
66.00 
67. 651 



Phos- 
phorus. 



Per cent. 
0.050 
.028 
.048 
.042 
.029 
.080 
.048 



The onl}^ occurrences of iron ore that seem to have attracted atten- 
tion in the Province of Santa Clara are in the Trinidad district. 

In different parts of the island are numerous denouncements of 
mines, from which the samples assay well in both iron and copper, so 
that the prospects might be properly classified under either head. 

Numerous prospects of iron have been reported from the Province 
of Pinar del Rio. Iron properties were worked here years ago on a 
sugar plantation near the Bay of Bahia Honda. About 60 miles from 
Bahia Honda, near Dimas, are deposits recentl}^ denounced by Senor 
Eduardo M. Acevedo, of Habana. He reports that the samples run 



*Vi* 



118 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

about 70 per cent metallic iron, with a little manganese. It is under- 
stood that the Cuban Mining and Development Company (Limited) of 
England, which has been opening up copper properties at Bahia Honda, 
is also interested in various denouncements of iron in this Province. 

MANGANESE. 

The production of manganese ore in Cuba during the year 1901 
amounted to 21,101 long tons, valued at $96,Y91. With the exception 
of a few hundred tons, this output was all produced by the Ponupo 
Mining and Transportation Company, of Santiago de Cuba. The 
mines of this company are near La Maya, about 16 miles northeast of 
El Cristo. From La Maj^a a branch connects with the Sabanilla y 
Moroto Railroad, thus enabling the ore to be transported into the city 
of Santiago de Cuba. The Ponupo group includes the Vencedora, the 
Sultana, the Balkanes, the Inca, the Generala, the Serrallo, and the 
Mascota mines, but the Vencedora is the only one of the group that 
has been worked. This company made its first shipment of ore in 
1895. Operations were discontinued for a while during the last war, 
but were resumed in 1898 and have been steadil}^ carried on ever since. 

The occurrence of manganese in the Vencedora mine is in pockets 
associated with jasper. Some of the larger and better pockets are 
nearly exhausted, but some prospecting has been done on other prop- 
erties, with the result that ore has been found in the numerous pits 
sunk there, and work will begin on these properties as soon as it is 
necessary in order to keep up the output. The Ponupo ore averages 
about 47 per cent metallic manganese. The product is subjected to a 
process of washing before being shipped. For this purpose concen- 
trators of the jig type, known as the Lehigh washers, are used, being 
similar to those emploj^ed in the United States to wash brown hematite 
ores. 

About 3 miles southeast of the town of El Cristo are the ^oston 
mines, formerly known as the Avispero group. This property is at 
present operated bj^ the Standard Manganese Company, of New York 
City. The first shipment, consisting of 2,500 tons of ore, was made 
about the middle of June, 1902. The main features of the concentra- 
tion plant are 10 Hartz jigs. • A large Corliss engine furnishes the 
necessary power. A combination of improved "log washers" is 
installed, including a picking table. Water for the work is supplied 
through the agency of six hydraulic engines of 6-inch delivery each, 
assisted during dry weather b}^ a steam pump. These combine to 
raise the water 150 feet from the Guaninicum Eiver to the mill. The 
work at the mine consists of an open cut across the crest of a hill 
through sandstone, mixed sandstone, and manganese. The ore occurs 
in pockets, the bulk of it being in wash dirt. By picking, some very 
good manganese is obtained which does not require washing. The 



HANDBOOK OF OUBA. 119 

mineral, which consists of the different oxides of manganese in con- 
junction with quartz, is found with quantities of large and fine crystals 
of pyrolusite. When ready for shipment the ore is reported to run 
60 per cent metallic manganese and upward, with 1 to ;Vper cent iron 
and an extremel}^ small amount of sulphur and phosphorus. 

Besides the San Luis district, which includes the properties men- 
tioned near La Maya and El Cristo, numerous other districts in the 
Province of Oriente boast deposits of manganese sufficiently large to 
be considered commercially attractive. These include the Majaba Hill 
district, about 21 miles northwest of Santiago de Cuba; Los Negros 
district, about 75 miles west-northwest of Santiago; the Bueycito dis- 
trict, about 42 miles east of Manzanillo; the Portillo district, near 
Portillo, on the south coast; and the Maciq/ district, between Guama 
and Santiago de Cuba. 

The manganese found in these Cuban deposits usuall}" occurs in lime- 
stone and sandstone associated with a secondary silica called jasper. 
The ore is not in large bodies, but in small pockets, irregularly scat- 
tered, deposits varying in size from a pebble to masses that would 
weigh several hundred tons. Manganese is also found in the form of 
wash dirt, which is the result of decomposition of the original ore- 
bearing rocks. Most of the Cuban ore is in this form. 

The Engineering and Mining Journal of February l-±, 1903, in mak- 
ing a report on manganese mining in Cuba, states that the Ponupo 
mine is the most important in Cuba, and it is likely to maintain that 
position. The output for last year was 33,000 tons, averaging 49 per 
cent manganese. This property is more extensively developed than 
any other manganese property in Cuba, and has several reserve 
deposits as yet only exploited enough to demonstrate the presence of 
manganese in quantity. One of these is now about to be developed. 

The Ponupo mine proper is a dome-shaped hill about 80 acres in 
extent, situated about 650 feet above sea level and 125 feet above a 
small stream to the north and east. On the south a branch railroad 
extends into the surface workings. The ore is found well distributed 
over the entire hill. It is mingled, more or less, with byates, which are 
mixtures of jasper and manganese oxide. In some places the bj^ate 
exists in immense masses weighing several hundred tons. The man- 
ganese oxide may be either massive or penetrate into the bj^ate. 
Beds, blankets, or pockets of manganese oxide occur, for the most 
part parallel to the surface of the hill ; more than one layer may occur 
and the overburden varies from practically nothing to 10 or 15 feet. 

The ore varies from nearly pure manganese oxide to mixtures of 
rock and dirt. At this time it is deemed advisable to work onl}^ such 
material as can be separated by a log washer, of which there are three 
at this time. The tailings carr}^ from 15 to 30 per cent manganese, 
and are impounded, as the laws do not permit of their being turned 
into the stream. 



120 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Constant prospecting for new ore is going on, and upon the 700 acres 
owned I)}" the compan}^ several new deposits have been discovered. 
The number of men employed varies from 150 to 225; wages are 86 
cents per day. The usual output of these mines is 2,000 tons of ore 
per month. The prospective yield for next year is the same as for 
1902. 

These mines are situated 22 miles from Santiago. The freight rate 
is 139 per car of 30 tons; the royalty, 7 per cent. Transport to New 
York is $1.80 to $2 per ton; cost of mining, $2,25. A cargo of from 
2,000 to 4,000 tons is kept on hand at the mine. Upon arrival of a 
vessel it is delivered to the ship at the rate of 400 tons per da3^ 

The Boston and Ysabelita mines are now being worked. The former 
has on hand about 2,000 tons of ore, which has been separated by a 
double-process log washer in combination with compound jigs. This 
mine has its own railroad from the main line at Cristo, about 3 miles 
distant. 

This company also has an aerial tram from the mine to the mill, a 
distance of 3,000 feet. Operations have begun, and it remains to be 
seen if the jig process in the mill is to be a success. 

COPPER. 

The first mines worked in the island were the copper mines at a 
place appropriately called El Cobre, about 12 miles ^vest of the city of 
Santiago de Cuba. They were opened up about 1530 and worked by 
the Spanish Government as Crown possessions for some two hundred 
years, and then abandoned. They had been idle for more than a 
century when an English company, usually denominated The Consoli- 
dated, was organized with a capital of $2,400,000 and 12,000 shares, 
and reopened these mines in 1830, emplojdng about 2,000 men in 
their development, A few years later a new company, called the San 
Jose Company (Empresa de San Jose), was organized; other com- 
panies, of minor importance were organized about this same time, and 
some of them carried on operations. The records of Santiago de 
Cuba show that between $50,000,000 and $60,000,000 worth of ore 
was taken from El Cobre between the years 1830 and 1868, It is said 
that between 1851 and 1862 The Consolidated and the San Jose 
exported 178,595 tons of ore, valued at $16,628,168. A railroad to 
convey the ore was built in 1843 from El Cobre to Santiago Bay, and, 
apparently, prosperity was in the air. 

About that time trouble began. The railroad was owned by a 
Spanish corporation organized in Habana, with which the mine owners 
became involved in litigation on the subject of rates. The railroad 
won the lawsuit, but got little satisfaction out of its triumph, for, 
owing to the exorbitant freight charges, the reduced price of copper, 
and the unsettled political condition of the country, the mines were 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 121 

soon obliged to shut down. The buildings and machinery of El 
Cobre, which included an enormous Cornish pump and a concentra- 
tion plant, were entirely destroyed during the wars, the railroad was 
virtually wrecked, and the mines became so flooded that it was not 
even possible to inspect them. 

About two years ago an American company, which had acquired 
the titles of the old companies, took hold of the mines and began to 
unwater them. They took for a name a modification of one long since 
familiar, The San Jose Copper Mining Company. In the meantime 
the Empresa del Ferrocarril y Minas del Cobre, which took its name 
from the old railroad, showed signs of reviving activity under the 
leadership of its president, Senor Gonzalez Mendoza, of Habana. 
These interests were combined about February 1, 1902, in a new com- 
panj^ incorporated under the laws of West Virginia, with the name of 
El Cobre Mines. Practically all the copper mines of this district that 
have ever reached any degree of development are now under the con- 
trol of this one compan}^ 

The greater part of the copper produced in Cuba during 1901 was 
extracted from the upper workings of mines owned by the Empresa 
del Ferrocarril y Minas del Cobre. It amounted to 510 tons of chal- 
copyrite, all of which was shipped to New York, and to Swansea, 
England. The 260 tons shipped to New York sold for about $66 a 
a ton, the assays showing 23 per cent of metal. In addition to the 
chalcopyrite, about 30 tons of cement copper (cobre cementado) were 
also produced, as noted above. This cement copper was made by 
precipitating in tanks, through the agency of scrap iron, the copper 
being held in solution in the water that had drained old waste dumps. 

Numerous indications of copper have been found in the vicinity of 
Santiago de Cuba, but no considerable deposits other than those at 
El Cobre have been located. Copper stains are seen at various points 
on the first 20 miles of railway out of San Luis. Near the town of 
Dos Palmas, about 12 miles northwest of El Cobre, is a mine known 
as the ' ' Imprevista," on the plantation of La Union. Here is a showing 
of native copper in masses and amygdules scattered through conglom- 
erate. No systematic exploitation of the deposits has been under- 
taken, but a number of shafts have been sunk. There has been no 
production of ore, the nature of the work being purely that of pros- 
pecting. It is said that there are promising copper prospects south- 
east of Mahzanillo, and indications of copper ore have been found in 
the vicinity of El Caney. In the early part of the last centurj^ copper 
mines were activel}" worked in the neighborhood of Gibara. 

Up to the year 1830 the only copper properties in Cuba that were 
developed were in the province of Oriente, but about that time numer- 
ous prospects were discovered in the Provinces of Camagiiey, Santa 
Clara, and Matanzas. The most notable deposits in the Province of 



122 



HANDBOOK OB^ CUBA. 



Camagiiey that were worked in past daj^s were those near the town of 
Las Minas, which is about 27 miles east of the cit}^ of Camagiie}^, 
on the Puerto Principe and Nuevitas Railway. Here are many old 
shafts, some of which show evidences of having- been decidedly pro- 
ductive in past years. These have recently been somewhat devel- 
oped by the Cuban Mining Company. This company possesses twelve 
copper properties, which are as follows: 



Name of mine. 



Remarks. 



Analysis. 



Copper Prince No. 1 
Copper Prince No. 2 

El Cobre 

Columbia 

La Cubana 

Bayataba 

Cuba Libre 

Bethlehem 

Allentown 

Copper Prince No. 3 

Nuevitas 

La Prueba 



61 
133 

49 
148 

46 
133 
197 

61 
157 

69 
158 

39 



Per cent. 

5.50 

4. 51 to 37. 00 

8.02 

17.17 

12. 51 to 18. 95 

8.04 

16. 93 to 21. 95 

13.66 



Not prospected . 



12.42 



Not prospected . 
do 



There are numerous copper prospects in the Province of Santa 
Clara. The country around Trinidad is considered promising ground 
for the prospector. Surface indications of copper and iron are very 
frequent, especially in the range of mountains l3^ing between Trinidad 
and Sancti Spiritus, and many of these occurrences have been denounced. 
The Manicaragua district has long been considered especially rich in 
mineral resources. The principal interesting prospects of this locality 
were visited by the geological reconnaissance party of 1900. These 
included four copper mines on the Finca San Joaquin, about 12 miles 
west of Manicaragua, the north side of the River Arimao. 

The only copper prospect in Matanzas Province which has been at 
all developed is El Recreo, a property about 7 miles from the city of 
Matanzas and 5 miles from the north coast, counting the port of 
Escondido as the nearest seaport. The Matanzas and Canasi macad- 
amized road runs one-half mile south of the mine, and the Matanzas 
and Escondido road passes through the property. , 



ASPHALT. 

Bituminous deposits, including everything from a clear translucent 
oil resembling petroleum, through maltha, chapapote, or mineral tai', 
and asphalt to hard grahamite, glance pitch, and substances that so 
nearly resemble bituminous and lignite coal as to be denominated by 
the natives of the island "carbon de piedra," are found in every Prov- 
ince of Cuba. The best advertised of these various bitumens is the 
asphalt (asfalto), a word locally applied to a wide variety of forms, the 
only modifying term usually thought necessary being "solido," or 
"liquido," so that a bituminous deposit of any kind in Cuba is usually 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 123 

described by its owner as a mine of hard or soft asphalt, as the case 
may be. Many of these deposits have been worked more or less 
extensivel}" in past years. Oil has been found in Cuba which has 
been successfully refined on the island and used as an illuminant, also 
as a fuel; asphalt is mined there, which is being employed as an 
enricher in the manufacture of gas, and is also doing duty as material 
for roofing and for street pavements; grahamite and glance pitch are 
found there, which sell in this country and abroad to manufacturers 
of varnishes and paints; and on at least one plantation a substance is 
being mined which performs the functions of coal in the kitchen. 
Whatever the exact and proper titles for these various forms of bitu- 
men, their uses would seem to be sufiiciently varied and the deposits 
extensive enough to be of some commercial interest. 

It is sometimes stated that Cuban asphalt tried on the streets of 
"Washington has been a failure. This statement is disputed by Mr. 
A. L. Dow, the District chemist. It is true that some Cardenas asphalt 
laid on Fourteenth street has not been considered a success, but it 
is acknowledged to have been badly put down. On the other hand, 
about 4,000 square Awards of asphalt furnished by the W^est Indies 
Company and put down on Connecticut avenue has proved eminentl}' 
satisfactory. Mr. Dow also states that the Hamel-Keynaldos asphalt 
used on F street northeast has worn well. 

These bituminous deposits are chiefly found along the north shore 
of the island, extending in a broken semicircle from Bahia Honda, in 
the Province of Pinar del Rio, to Puerto Padre, in the Province of 
Oriente. 

Analysis of asphalt from Pinar del Rio. 

Per cent. 

Matter soluble in chloroform 71. 08 

Other organic matter and matter volatile on ignition. 2. 80 

Mineral matter 26. 1 2 

Total .- 100.00 

Comparison of La Union {Cuba) asphalt with Trinidad asp)halt. 



Constituents. 



La Union. Trinidad 



Total bitumen 

Insoluble material 

Volatile oils (approximately) 

Moisture 

Mineral (principally carbonate of lime) . 

Total 



Per cent. 

53.90 

3.29 

.77 

2.83 

39.21 



Per cent. 
54.50 
9.44 



100. 00 



Cardenas (Province of Matanzas) was once known as the center of 
the asphalt industry of Cuba. Its deposits of asphalt in the bed of the 
bay have had widespread fame, and some of them have been worked 
quite extensively during the last twenty-five years. Mr. J. L. Hance 



124 HANDBOOK OB^ CUBA. 

is authority for the statement that in 1882 an American vessel, moored 
over one of the deposits in the bay, took on board more than 300 tons of 
asphalt in the space of three weeks. 

Characteristics of La Lola asphalt, Province of Matanzas. 

Per cent. 

Moisture and gases 2. 50 

Carbon and combustible substances. ^ 52. 00 

Residue 45. 50 

Total ,..., 100.00 

Beginning of agglutination, 50° C. ; beginning of fusion, 90° C. 
■ Bitumen soluble in carbon bisulphide, 55 per cent. 
Nature of residue: Oxide of iron, lime, silica, alumina, and sulphur in small 

quantities. 

Analysis of Mercedita asphalt, Province of Matanzas. 

Per cent. 

Water 0.38 

Petroline 12.00 

Asphaltine 26.12 

Carbonate of lime 61. 50 

Total 100. 00 

The occurrence of grahamite in parts of the world other than West 
Virginia has not been noticed in print, although bitumens which are 
undoubtedly grahamites have been described from two localities in the 
United States under other names. Cuba is remarkable for the fact 
that it contains more instances of veins filled with bitumen in the 
form of grahamite than are known altogether elsewhere. Grahamites 
occur in Cuba in the form of pure bitumens and mixed with fragments 
of the vein walls of the formation in which they occur, the pure bitu- 
mens at La America mine near Bahia Honda, at Guanabacoa, and at 
the La Habana mine near Mariel River, at the Magdalena and Mer- 
cedes mines, and at the Santa Eloisa mine near Santa Clara City. The 
solid bitumens found in various other prospects are in many instances 
also grahamites, especially in the Provinces of Habana and Pinar 
del Rio. 

STONE AND LIME. 

The production of stone in the island of Cuba reported for the year 
1901 amounted to 461,025 cubic meters, valued at 1847,781. Most of 
this stone was limestone. Extensive beds of soft white, yellow, and 
grsij limestones are found in every Province. 

The limestone foundation of the island is in many places almost pure 
carbonate of lime, and naturally affords excellent material for the 
manufacture of quicklime. Lime is used in Cuba for all the ordinary 
purposes of construction and disinfection, but besides that it is in 
much demand on the sugar estates, where it is employed to bleach the 
sugar. On some plantations it is used to a much greater extent than 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 125 

on others, but an approximate estimate would be about 120 tons of 
sugar per hogshead of 1,500 pounds. As the exact number of tons of 
sugar produced in Cuba in 1901 amounted to 621,589 English tons, it 
follows that over .3,468 tons of lime were consumed on the sugar 
estates of the island. Most of the sugar planters have limestone 
deposits on their plantations and burn the lime as it is required. 

MARBLE. 

The only marble of importance is that which is found in the two 
mountains east and west of Nueva Gerona, on the north coast of the 
Isle of Pines. The marble is of good quality, ranging from a good 
white statuary stone through various shades of blue-veined to dark 
gray. Specimens with pinkish tints are also found. Some of the mar- 
.ble is reported by experts to be suitable for the finest statuary, the 
color being the purest white. Other varieties of different hues are 
suitable for ornamentation and art, as they take on a good polish. The 
stone is free from cracks, and will furnish slabs of any size, the 
deposits varying from 5 to 25 feet in thickness, and being so situated 
as to meet all requirements of convenient and economical transporta- 
tion to points of shipment on the coast. 

SALT DEPOSITS. 

There are important deposits in Varadero, Cardenas, and Cayo 
Romano. 

A salt deposit exists near Salinas Point, Isle of Pines. From this 
point to the third Salinas Point there are large clear salt pits, without 
trees, easy to work, which increase in width for some distance. 

OUTPUT OF CUBAN MINES. 

The annual production of the number of mines actually operated, 
namely, 5 asphalt, 3 copper, 12 iron, 3 manganese, and 1 naphtha, give 
a total output valued at $1,446,000, as follows: Asphalt, $122,900; 
copper, approximately, $13,068; iron, $1,146,892; manganese, $163,140. 

NAMES OF MINES AND THEIR LOCATION. 

The names of mines, the owners, location, and annual output in 1904 
in tons are as follows: 

Asphalt, — Union mine, located at Guanajay, Pinar del Rio Province; 
10,000 tons annual product; owners, Zardain & Aspuru. The Angela 
Elmira mine, located at Bejucal, Habana Province; annual output, 
3,000 tons; owners. West Indies Company. The Maria Rayon mine, 
at Moron, Camaguey; output, 180 tons; owner, M. A. Glynn. The 
Amparo mine, owner, Francisco Moreno, and the Desengano, owner, 
Gerardo Abiegn, both located at Sancti Spiritus, Santa Clara Province, 
have an annual output of about 125 tons each. 



126 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Copper. — The copper mines in operation are located at Cobre, 
Oriente. The Caridad and Concepcion are owned by Maximaliano 
Salcedo; the Mina Grande is owned by the Cobre Mine Company. 

Iron. — The iron mines in operation are owned .by two companies, 
namely, the Spanish- American Iron Company and the Juragua Iron 
Company, all located at Caney, Oriente Province. The Spanish- 
American Iron Company's mines, Lola, Lola 2d, San Antonio, and 
San Rafael, gave an output last j'^ear of 493,860 tons, while the 
Juragua Iron Compan3'^'s mines, Abundancia, Firmena, Resolucion, 
Fomento, Jupiter, Union, Constancia, and Columbia, gave an output 
of 235,476 tons; the total output of iron being 729,336 tons. 

Manganese. — The Vencedores and the Serallo mines, owned by the 
Ponupo Mining Company at Alto Songo, Oriente Province, produced 
last 3^ear 26,352 tons. The Boston mine, at Caney, Oriente Province, 
owned by the Standard Manganese Company, produced 6,267 tons. 
Total manganese produced during the year 32,628 tons. 

Naphtha. — At Rancho Veloz, in the Province of Santa Clara, a mine 
known as San Juan de Motembo produced 60 tons of naphtha. 

MINING LAWS. 

In a pamphlet published by the Bureau of Insular Affairs of the 
United States War Department, entitled "The Mining Law," is quoted 
the law in force, which is that of July 6, 1859, with the modifications 
introduced March 4, 1868. This is the law in force in Spain and was 
declared in force in this island by royal decree issued October 10, 
1883. The rules and instructions of July 24, 1868, and the law con- 
taining the new basis on which all legislation on mines was to rest in 
the future, is also contained in the pamphlet referred to. The number 
of mines declared in Cuba exceeds 700, and the area covered is 70,000 
acres. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

MANUFACTURING AND OTHER INDUSTRIES— DEVELOPMENT, 
PRODUCTION, LAWS GOVERNING TAXES, ETC. 



Cuba being a thinly populated country its agricultural industries 
are the most important. Among the latter the production of sugar 
and preparation of tobacco for the manufacture of cigars and ciga- 
rettes occupy the first place. 

NUMBER OF SUGAR ESTATES. 

The number of sugar plantations or mills in the island of Cuba is 
very small as compared with the number existing in the year 1877, 
for out of 473 plantations manufacturing sugar at that time only 169 did 
so in the crop of 1902-1903. This fact, however, has not diminished 
the amount, inasmuch as the necessity of reducing the cost of produc- 
tion has brought with it an increase in the output of the mills, and the 
disappearance of those plantations that were not able to adapt them- 
selves to present conditions. The plantations proper were substituted 
by the "centrales." The latter grind not only the cane grown on their 
own fields but also all the cane that can be obtained from the surround- 
ing country; and in many cases the raw material comes from great dis- 
tances and is hauled to the mill by public railroads or lines owned by 
the estate. It can, therefore, be safely asserted that the crops, instead 
of being reduced, have increased from 460,810 tons, which was the 
output of the crop of 1877, to 1,000,000 tons produced by a much 
smaller number of plantations, or say less than one-half the number 
existing in 1877. 

From data obtained in the department of agriculture it is found that 
during the fiscal 3^ear 1899-1900 there were 574 plantations on the 
island, of which 483 had been to a greater or less extent destroyed, 
leaving 91 in good condition. Of the number first mentioned 97 are 
being reconstructed. In the crop of 1900-1901 (the first after peace 
was established) 157 plantations manufactured sugar, with an output 
of 621,589 tons; in 1901-2, 168 plantations manufactured sugar with 
an output of 871,913 tons, and lastly, during the year 1902-3, the 
same number, 168, gave an output of 1,028,379 tons. 

127 



128 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

The yield per cent of sugar from cane ground, which was 8.9 from 
first boilings and 0.08 from the second in 1900-1901, rose to 9.083 and 
1.859, respectivel}^, in 1901-2, falling during the following crop, 
1902-3, to 8.886 and 0.825, due to a less rich molasses from cane con- 
taining a smaller proportion of saccharine matter. 

COST OF MANUFACTURING SUGAR. 

As the factors contributing to fix the price of cane— the raw material 
of the sugar industry — vary, as well as those that influence the pro- 
cess of manufacturing, according to the economic conditions in which 
they are developed, resulting from the technical and practical knowl- 
edge of the planter, the cost of manufacturing sugar also varies con- 
siderably. Nevertheless, and with the object only of giving an approx- 
imate idea of the cost of production, the following calculation is made. 

The price of 100 arrobas of cane placed at the mill is $2.60; admit- 
ting that salaries, wages, and other general expenses for handling 100 
arrobas are 80 cents to $1.20, the latter depending upon the size of the 
plantation, its resources, location; or, say, on an average $1.00, and 
that the yield of sugar is 10 per cent (the average obtained in the last 
two crops), the total cost of an arroba of sugar would be, including the 
value of the cane, 2.60+1. 00-^10=$0.36; and if we calculate the cost 
of transportation to the nearest shipping port, on an average 5 cents 
per arroba, the result* would be that an arroba of sugar, delivered in 
the warehouses on the coast, will cost $0.41, or at the' rate of $3.57 
per hundred kilograms without including interest on the capital and 
accumulation of the same. 

ALCOHOL. 

This industry, an offspring of the manufacture of sugar, and which 
permits molasses — a residue of said article— to be utilized, attained at 
one time an important place in the industries of the island, during 
which period alcohol for export to South American countries was pro- 
duced in large quantities. Subsequently^ the import duties placed 
upon the article by Argentina and Uruguay, the principal consumers 
of Cuban ale hoi, were greatly increased with the object of protecting 
their own product, since which time the production has been reduced 
to the amount necessary for home consumption only. 

In the Province of Oriente there are a number of distilleries where 
rum of excellent quality is made, especially the famous Ron Bacardi. 

Although it is difficult to furnish accurate information relative to 
the cost of producing alcohol in Cuba, it can- be stated that 100 kilo- 
grams of molasses testing 60° yield 33 liters of alcohol of 42° Cartier, 
and if alcohol is made directly from cane juice it will require to 
obtain 25 pipotes (173 American gallons) of 40° Cartier, 17,000 arrobas 
of cane, which, at the price of $2.60 per hundred, will cost $442, and 
calculating salaries, wages, price of packing cases and hauling to 



HANDBOOK OF OUHA. 129 

nearest port, and the interest and return of the capital, taxes, etc., at 
$367, the total cost of 26 pipotes will be $809, or $82.30 each, or 19 
cents per gallon. 

The market price of a pipe of 40° alcohol fluctuates between $42 
and $48, according to the quality. 

TOBACCO. 

The manipulation of the tobacco leaf after it has been harvested, 
with the object of preparing it for the manufacture of cigars and 
cigarettes, constitutes the agricultural industry of tobacco. 

This operation is reduced to drying, piling, sorting, and baling the 
leaf and costs about $1,729, which, added to the $7,940 as the cost of 
cultivation, makes a total of $9,669.. 

The cost of production is about the same all over the island, but 
naturally this is subject to variation, according to the locality, quality 
of the land, methods of cultivation, price of labor, and other factors 
that have an influence on production in general. 

According to the agricultural expert, Mr. J. B. Jimenez, in the 
Provinces of Pinar del Rio and Santa Clara, tobacco in bulk can not be 
obtained for less than from 15 to 20 cents and from 8 to 10 cents per 
pound, Spanish gold, and allow any margin of profit to the buyer. 

TOBACCO TRADE. 

The tobacco factories established in the principal cities and towns 
of the island emplo}^ a considerable number of men and women, and 
the importance of their production is evidenced by the fact that during 
the last fiscal year, 1902-3, 204,848,643 cigars, valued at $12,395,530, 
were exported; 13,197,210 packages of cigarettes, valued at $364,660, 
and 161,061 pounds of cut tobacco, worth $60,445. 

The importance of this industry is also shown by the magnificent 
buildings in which the tobacco factories of the city of Habana are 
established, where employment is given to thousands of workmen, 
many of whom, the selectors for example, make from $5 to $6 per 
day. 

The number of cigars made for export from Cuba in 1902 is repre- 
sented by the figure, 208,041,295; and during that same period there 
were exported more than 90,000,000 cigarettes. In 1859, Cuba 
exported 250,000,000 cigars, of which quantity the United States 
imported 102,000,000, and thirty years afterwards the importations of 
the United States were one-third of that number. 

From January 1 to December 15, of 1902 there were exported 
through the port of Habana 244,694 tierces, 199,130,826 tobacco 
twists, 11,279,307 small boxes of cigars, and 62,107 kilograms of cut 
tobacco. From January 1 to December 15, of 1903, there were 

159a— 05 9 



130 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



exported through our port 270,191 tierces, 200,183,396 tobacco twists, 
11,026,781 small boxes of cigars, and 106,627 kilograms of cut tobacco. 
That is to say, that there has been an increase in favor of the current 
year of 1903 of 25,497 tierces, 1,052,570 tobacco twists, 2,747,477 
small boxes of cigars, and 44,520 kilograms of cut tobacco. 

About 19,000 persons are employed in the tobacco industry in Habana, 
and in May, 1901, there were in this city 116 tobacco factories, besides 
51 manufacturers on a small scale, which, according to law, can not 
employ more than 7 tobacco workers each, and whose manufacture is 
for domestic sale. 

Importation of Cuban cigars by the UniZed States. 



1889 101, 698, 560 

1890 95,105,760 

1891 52, 015, 600 

1892 54, 472, 250 

1893 46, 033, 660 

1894 40,048,330 



1895 39,579,400 

1896 40,601,750 

1897 34,017,583 

1898 27, 641, 833 

1899 34, 886, 166 

1900 38, 379, 916 



Comparison of exports in 1903 and 1903. 





Cigars. 


Cigarettes. 


Cut tobacco. 


Jan. 1 to Dec. 31— 

1903 . 


Number. 
205, 607, 450 
208, 508, 550 


Packages. 
14,341,445 
11, 670, 155 


Kilograms. 
106, 874 


1902 


65, 359 






Excess iu 1903 


98, 900 


2,671,290 


41, 515 







In 1904 the cigars exported numbered 205,244,298, valued at 
$12,302,969, of which 45,769,422, valued at $2,888,111, went to the 
United States; 28,388,074, valued at $1,968,395, to Germany, and 
92,559,817, valued at $5,197,785, to England. Of cigarettes, 14,662,209 
packages (each package containing about 14), valued at $404,173, were 
exported during the year. Of these, 287,767 packages, valued at 
$7,055, went to the United States; 16,693,372 packages, valued at 
$49,070, to Dutch possessions; 1,323,127 packages, valued at $40,926, 
to British islands; 7,259,354 packages, valued at $191,854, to Colom- 
bia, and 586,002 packages, valued $17,632, to Germany. Much of the 
remainder went to the Canary Islands. The export of cut tobacco 
amounted to 226,648 pounds, valued at $81,031, of which the United 
States received 75,205 pounds, valued at $23,583, and Colombia 67,283 
pounds, valued at $21,201. 

TEXTILE INDUSTRY. 

Although there are in the island of Cuba about 70 caballerias of 
land planted in henequen (hemp) and three or four industrial plants 
with the necessary machinery to prepare the fiber for market, the out- 
jjut is yet limited and insufficient to furnish the quantity of raw 




TOBACCO PACK TRAIN. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 131 

material required to supply existing nianufactories; these being com- 
pelled to use imported fiber, the latter coming principally from Yuca- 
tan. During the fiscal year 1902-3, 1,649 tons, valued at $245,872, 
were imported from the latter country, as against 6,830 tons in 1899- 
1900. This was due no doubt to the high prices obtained for hene- 
quen, which resulted in an increased number of plantations being 
established in Cuba, and there is little doubt that in the near future 
she will be able to produce from 3,000,000 k) 4,000,000 pounds, which 
is the amount necessary to supply the home market. 

In th^ north coast of the island there are large tracts of high land 
of rocky formation, specially used for the cultivation of hemp, and 
the persons who have studied the matter affirm that this industry 
would be very profitable if properly attended to. The leaf is said to 
contain 10 per cent more fiber than the plant that has been such a 
source of wealth to the Yucatan Peninsula, and the quality of this 
fiber is about the same in Cuba. The production is on the average 
68 pounds of fiber to every thousand leaves. 

Messrs. Heydrich, Raffloer & Co. established in 1890 a large factory 
in Habana, and in 1900 they purchased a small factory that had been 
working for the last twenty years in Regla, and since then their suc- 
cessors, Raffloer, Erbsloeh & Co., have been doing business on a large 
scale. Last year they imported 3,500,000 pounds of Yucatan hemp 
and 2,000,000 pounds from Manila. At present thej^ are cultivating 
hemp in two Provinces of the island, and they expect that within two 
years the Cuban production will reach 2,000,000 pounds and that at 
no distant date it will be sufficient for the consumption of the factory. 
Working night and day the factory makes 35,000 pounds of rope and 
bagging per diem, and, with the exception of the tarred rope imported 
from Spain and Italy, the factories at Regla and Habana are furnish- 
ing 95 per cent of the rope consumed in Cuba, and the}^ use all the 
fiber cultivated in the island, which in 1904 amounted to 550,000 pounds. 

This factory is situated fronting the sea, thus facilitating the unload- 
ing on the wharf of the raw material and its transportation b}^ means 
of a railway to the warehouses. 

The establishment contains all kinds of machinery, with which is 
manufactured from the finest thread to the heaviest and strongest 
cables for ships and other purposes. 

It is provided with two steam engines and two dynamos, has a 
repair shop, boiler rooms, and warehouses, with sufficient capacity for 
5,000 bales of henequen. 

It is generally believed that in five or six years the production of 
fiber will be more than sufficient for the national consumption and that 
a large amount will be exported. 



132 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. 

Thei'e are, besides, in the Republic other industries which do not 
lack importance. Some of these, for instance, are the manufacture of 
liquors, preserves and sweets, and others dependent upon sugar; 
some again, such as cooperage and box making, are subordinate to the 
tobacco industrj^; and there are yet others, as for instance the manu- 
facture of cement, beer, shoes, iron, paper, soap, etc., that are sus- 
ceptible of great development, which they will surely acquire in the 
same manner that new industries will be established in proportion as 
the country becomes more thickly populated, and the present prosper- 
ous condition brought about by the new state of affairs continues. 

The breweries of the Republic pay at the present time 40,000 pesos 
monthly in wages. The consumption of beer in the island is 70,000 
kegs, of which quantity the Cuban factories produce 40,000 kegs per 
annum. 

There is but one paper factory in Cuba. It is situated in the sub- 
urbs of Habana, and manufactures letter and writing paper, as well as 
roll paper for newspaper work, and wrapping paper. This factory 
employs 200 persons, pays monthly in wages 10,000 pesos, and pro- 
duces 8 or 9 tons of paper daily. 

The soap manufactured in Cuba amounts to about 150,000 boxes 
annually. The consumption of soap in the Republic is approximately 
200,000 boxes, 50,000 of which are imported. The soap factory at 
Habana pays monthly in wages 16,000 pesos. 

The monthly production of the chocolate factories is about 200,000 
pounds. Messrs. Vilaplara Guerrero & Company's factory produces 
50,000 pounds monthl}?^ and uses domestic refined sugar. This factory 
uses 500 to 600 bags of American flour every month in the manufac- 
ture of crackers. 

There are eight lithographic establishments in Habana. These 
give employment to 400 workmen and disburse in wages 10,000 pesos 
a month. 

The principal petroleum refinery in the Republic is that operated by 
the West India Refining Company. This company employs 150 work- 
men, and disburses in wages about 1,300 pesos per month. The 
annual duties paid on crude petroleum by this company amounts to 
$160,000. 

Among others not mentioned before, there are in Cuba about 15 
sawmills, about 60 tanneries and hide-curing establishments, several 
match factories, about 100 distilleries, about 40 factories of cigar boxes 
and other boxes, 40 factories of artificial waters, a dozen foundries, 
trunk factories, gas works and electric light works in many cities and 
towns of secondary importance, canneries, ice factories, vermicelli 
factories, perfumery factories, factories of musical instruments, cabi- 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 133 

network, shirt factories, and a number of small establishments not 
using power machinery. 

FISHERIES. 

The fishing industry in Cuba is quite important as well as profitable. 
This is shown by the fact that in the port of Batabano alone, during 
the years 1900-1901, 8,434,928 pounds of fish were caught, valued at 
$173,010.73. 

The food fisheries, both coast and deep-sea, produce enough fresh 
fish to supply the domestic market, but nothing for export. The 
Cuban fishermen have their own vessels, but the Cuban merchant 
marine is very small in its entirety, including only about 35 or 40 
steamers and a few schooners, aside from the fishing boats. 

The value of shells, tortoise and other, gathered during the year 
1904, amounted to about $75,000. 

Sponge fishing is effected principally in the ports of Batabano, 
Cardenas, Caibarien, Isabela de Sagua, and Nuevitas. Sponges are 
classified for legal and commercial purposes in three groups, as follows: 
First, the common grade, consisting of those vulgarly known as 
aforadas de ojo (called female and cave males); second, the hairy male 
and the silky sponge; and third, fine males. 

The minimum size of sponge allowed by law to be caught for com- 
mercial purposes (except specimens intended for scientific studies) is 
46 centimeters in circumference for the common sponge, and 30 centi- 
meters for the fine male grade; the above dimensions understood to be 
in the smallest diameter. 

The total production during the year 1903 was 960,115 dozen 
sponges, including all grades, valued at $501,575.42. The total yield 
was divided between 695,384 males and 264,731 females, and as com- 
pared with that of 1901, which was 680,422 dozen, shows an increase 
of 72 per cent. 

Of the latter the United States received about 35 per cent and 
Europe the remainder, France being the principal buyer. The exports 
of sponges and shells in 1904 amounted to $145,000 more than in 1899. 

ANIMAL PRODUCTS. 

Skins, horns, and hoofs of animals are almost entirely shipped to 
the United States. 

BEE CULTURE. 

The culture of bees assumes each day greater proportions in the 
island of Cuba. The fields covered with many and variegated flowers 
furnish the busy insect the nectar it requires, to be converted later 
into aromatic honey, without having to struggle against the rigors 
of winter, as is the case in other countries, as the flowers most 



134 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

adequate for the purpose bloom precisely during the months of 
December and January. 

There are three varieties of bees in Cuba, the native, the German, 
which was introduced from Florida in 1764, and the Italian, character- 
ized by the yellow stripes covering its body, the latter being consid- 
ered the most productive. 

As bee culture requires but little care, it can contribute to a great 
extent to the income of the farmer, if properly attended to. 

HONEY AND WAX. 

In 1902 there existed in the island about 3,712 Mves (3,412 of native 
and 299 of American bees) with 82,123 boxes (68,298 of the former 
and 13,825 of the latter), which yielded 262,656 gallons of honey and 
102,857 arrobas of wax, the average price per gallon of the former 
being 25 to 33 cents, and of the latter from $5.65 to $6.64 per arroba. 
During the fiscal year 1902-3, 10,097,925 pounds of honey, valued at 
$379,998.60, were exported, and 1,599,743 pounds of wax, valued 
at 1444,448. 

Honey is shipped to Germany, the United States, France, and other 
countries. The amount gathered this year exceeds $600,000 in value. 
About 80 per cent of the wax exported is shipped to Germany, the 
rest to the United States, France, and other countries; the total 
annual value is about $500,000. 



CHAPTER IX. 

COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION— TARIFF AND CUSTOMS LAWS. 



The external commerce of Cuba was for neariy three centuries con- 
fined to the mother country, Spain, and trade with other European 
countries was permitted only in the latter part of the eighteenth cen- 
tury. Preferential duties were established so strongly in favor of 
Spain that she continued to furnish most of the imports up to the time 
of Cuban independence, while for man}?- years past the United States 
took most of Cuba's exports, the trade balance against the great 
Republic in its relations with Cuba for the past fifty years being about 
$1,500,000,000. During the years 1892-1894, when reciprocal trade 
relations existed between Cuba and the United States, the latter coun- 
try furnished about the' same percentage of imports as Spain. The 
imports and exports of Cuba in 1894, the last year of reciprocal trade 
relations with the United States, were as follows: 



Imports. 



Exports. 



Spain and possessions 

United States 

British Empire 

France 

Germany 

other countries 

Total 



832,780,000 


SB, 854, 000 


32, .548, 000 


93, 410, 000 


10, 842, 000 


4,501,000 


1,570,000 


1,001,000 


1, 500, 000 


638, 000 


4, 989, 000 


788, 000 


84,229,000 


109, 192, 000 



In 1895, the year following the abrogation of the treaty with 
the United States, that country took $95,683,397 of the total of 
$110,285,020 exported by Cuba, or about 87 per cent, being greater 
than during the preceding year, when reciprocal trade relations 
between the two countries were in force, but there was a ver}^ marked 
difference in imports as compared with the previous year, as shown 
by the following table of percentages : 



Per cent. 

Spain 50 

United States 25 

British Empire 14 



Per cent. 

France IJ 

Germany 1 J 

135 



136 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

COMMERCE OF CUBA DURING THE ADMINISTRATION BY UNITED STATES 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT, JANUARY 1, 1899, TO APRIL 30, 1902. 

The total value of merchandise, exclusive of gold and silver, imported 
into Cuba during American occupation, was $225,437,135, of which 74 
per cent was received at the port of Habana; Cienfuegos with 9 per 
cent, and Santiago with 8 per cent are respectively far in the lead of 
any of the remaining ports. 

In shipment of exports Habana leads with 59 per cent of the total 
value; Cienfuegos, Cardenas, and Matanzas together having 25 per 
cent to their credit, while each of the remaining ports falls far short 
of either of the above named. The exports for this period, exclusive 
of gold and silver, amounted in the aggregate to $180,609,067, being 
nearly $15,000,000 less than the importation. Much of this difference 
is attributable to the destruction of property and damage to agricul- 
tural industries occasioned by war. 

Of the imports the United States furnished 43 per cent, United 
Kingdom 15, Spain 15, France 4^, and Germany 4 per cent; the im- 
portations from all Europe were 41 per cent of the whole amount, 
nearly equaling the United States. In the matter of exports the com- 
parative ratios are quite different, the United States taking 75 percent. 
United Kingdom 9, Germany 7, France, 2i, Spain 2 per cent; all 
Europe receiving but 22 per cent, which consisted principally of 
tobacco and cigars, sponges, honey, hides, textile fibers, wax, and rum; 
practically all of the sugar exported went to the United States. 

The balance of trade between Cuba and the United States during 
American occupation was decidedl}^ in favor of the former, although 
not to so great an extent as in previous j^ears. During this period 
Cuba, while importing from all countries $45,000,000 worth more than 
she sold, yet exported more than $37,000,000 worth to the United 
States in excess of her purchases from the latter. It is to be noted, 
however, that the ratio of imports from the United States is materially 
greater than it was during the Spanish regime. 

More than 69 per cent of Cuban exports during American control 
consisted of agricultural products, and 47 per cent of imports consisted 
of food and animals. Breadstuffs and other provisions, horses and 
mules in large quantities were brought from the United States, while 
cattle were procured from Mexico, Central America, and South 
America. It is reasonable to suppose that there will be a gradual 
diminution of the importation of live stock. 

During the time of American control on the island the year 1901 
presents the fairest view of its commerce for an}^ one 3^ear of said 
period, and in showing comparative data this year is in consequence 
frequently referred to. 

The comparison of the volume of trade shows that the imports for 



I 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 137 

the calendar year 1901, which amounted to $66,583,973, were $75,000 
less than for the preceding period, and $200,000 less than for 1899, 
while the exports for 1901, amounting to $63,278,380, exceeded those 
of 1900 by $14,300,000, and of those of 1899 by $18,200,000, the 
imports showing but little change, and the exports rapidly increasing. 
The decrease in imports affected chiefly the United States, United 
Kingdom, France, and Spain, Germany making gains. The importa- 
tions from South America, consisting for the most part of food prod- 
ucts and animals, were largely increased in 1901. The gain in exports 
to the United States in 1901 over 1900 was approximately $15,000,000, 
from which it appears that there was a decrease of about $500,000 in 
value of exports to other countries in 1901 as compared with 1900. 

Receipts of corn from the United States are assuming considerable 
magnitude, the values for 1899, 1900, and 1901 being in round num- 
bers $560,000, $607,000, and $880,000, respectively. For each of these 
years more than $2,000,000 worth of wheat flour was imported from 
the United States. The purchase of bituminous coal from the United 
States in 1901 amounted to $1,124,532. 

The trade in cotton goods with the United States is increasing but 
is yet comparatively^ very small, amounting to but 8 per cent of the 
total importations of these goods in 1901. The amount imported in this 
year exceeded six millions of dollars, of which the United Kingdom 
sent more than 63 per 'cent. The importations for 1899 and 1900 
aggregated $6,237,330 and $6,116,068, respectively, the United States 
supplying 21 per cent in 1899 and 7 per cent in 1900, while the United 
Kingdom furnished 35 per cent and 49 per cent, respectively, for 
these years. 

More than $200,000 worth of cement was imported in 1901. During 
the occupation by the United States there was imported iron and steel 
and their finished forms, exclusive of agricultural implements, to the 
value of more than $16,500,000, of which the United States supplied 
more than $12,000,000, or 77 per cent of the whole. 

The United States also furnished nearly three-fourths of all agricul- 
tural machinery, amounting to $1,037,714, imported by Cuba during 
the same period. 

Out of a total valuation of $306,924 for clocks and watches, 31 per 
cent was imported from the United States. 

Of copper and its finished forms the United States supplied 64 
per cent. 

The importations of starch have decreased from 6,408,819 pounds, 
valued at $190,375, in 1899, to 4,292,282 pounds, valued at $113,837, 
in 1900, and 704,614 pounds, valued at $25,904, in 1901. In these years 
the United States exported 47, 24, and 16 per cent of the respective 
values; United Kingdom 21 per cent and 53 per cent for 1899 and 1900, 
respectively, with none whatever reported in 1901. The steady 
decrease is attributed to local manufactures. 



138 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

The importations of oils of all kinds during the period of American 
occupation aggregated in value 15,318,718, olive oil being in the lead 
with 12,885,400 worth, and of this commodity Spain sent more than 
97 per cent. Crude petroleum, other natural oils, naphtha and illumi- 
nating oils amounted to $1,830,670, of which less than $13,000 came 
from other countries than the United States. Of the $206,582 worth 
of animal oils the United States furnished more than $176,000, and of 
vegetable oils other than olive oil more than 34 per cent. 

During this period more than half a million dollars worth of patent 
and proprietary medicines were received, about 44 per cent of these 
articles coming from the United States. 

Thirty per cent of the $2,446,544 worth of stone, earthen, china, 
and glass ware received during the same period came from the United 
States. 

The importation of boots, shoes, and sandals amounted to more than 
$6,800,000, of which Spain sold 73 per cent and the United States 
26 per cent. The importations of 1901 amounted to $1,684,572, of 
which 72 per cent was from Spain and nearl}^ 28 per cent from the 
United States. It will be perceived that this trade of more than 
$1,500,000 per annum is divided between Spain and the United States, 
in the ratio of nearh^ 3 to 1. 

Spain leads in shipments of paper and its manufactures, furnishing 
Cuba 35 per cent of the total of nearly $3,000,000 for the period of 
American occupation, the United States being second with about 28 
per cent. 

Importations of provisions, including meat and dairy products, 
during United States occupancy, amounted in value to more than 
$29,000,000, more than 66 per cent of which was imported from the 
United States, the remainder being widely distributed; Uruguay and 
Argentina (whose shipments consisted almost entirely of jerked beef), 
with 17 per cent of the total, being the next largest exporters. Quite 
a large amount of dairy products came from Spain, Denmark, United 
Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Spain enjoys almost a monopoly of 
the sales of candles and soap, supplying 88 per cent out of about 
$300,000 worth of the former, and $500,000, or approximately 90 per 
cent, of the soap imported into Cuba during 1901. Spain also supplies 
more than half the candy and confectionery which is imported. 
France furnished nearly 72 per cent of distilled liquors during the 
year 1901, the United States less than 5 per cent. 

Cuba imports annually more than $2,500,000 worth of vegetables, 
about half of which (excepting onions and canned goods from Spain) 
come from the United States. For 1901 the importations of wine 
amounted to more than $1,700,000, of which Spain sent 98 per cent. ^ 

The United States has a good showing in exports of wood and its 
manufactures to Cuba, though in one article — that of hogsheads and 
barrels — Spain is a close second. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 139 

From climatic reasons Cuba is not expected to be a heav}^ purchaser 
of wool and woolen goods, yet in 1901 she expended the considerable 
sum of 1610,000 in this way, of which the United Kingdom supplied 
more than one-half, while the United States is credited with less than 
4 per cent. 

Of the remaining |Y,000,000 worth of exports in 1901, unmanu- 
factured wood constituted, in round numbers, $1,200,000; molasses, 
$1,200,000; fruits and nuts, $1,000,000; iron and manganese ore, 
$900,000, and sponges, $480,000. Hides of cattle, distilled spirits, 
and honey were also items of importance in a lesser degree. 

More than $550,000 worth of bananas were shipped in 1901, as 
compared with less than $115,000 in 1899, and $250,000 worth of 
pineapples in 1901, as compared with approximately $50,000 in 1899. 

CARRYING TRADE. 

lm,port8. — Including gold and silver, the total importations into 
Cuba for the calendar year 1901 reached the sum of $67,753,108, the 
following ratios of per cent showing the distribution by vessels; 

American, 32; British, 8; French, 2; German, 5; Norwegian, 16; 
all other, including domestic, 37. 

Included in "all other" is the amount carried under the Spanish 
flag, of which separate account was not recorded prior to July 1, 1901. 
For the six months ending December 31, 1901, imports arriving in 
Spanish bottoms aggregated more than $9,377,000; estimating this to 
be one-half of the year's business for Spain, it will appear that the 
Spanish vessels should be credited with about 28 per cent of the 
import carrying trade, and that American, Spanish, and Norwegian 
vessels delivered more than three-fourths of the importations. 

The imports from the United States, aggregating $28,470,000, were 
delivered by vessels carrying the following flags: American, 57 per 
cent; British, 6; German, 1; Norwegian, 22, and all other, 14 per 
cent. 

Exports. — Exports, including gold and silver, during the year 1901 
aggregated $66,502,169, carried in vessels flying the following flags: 
American, 51 per cent; British, 16; French, 4; German, 3; Norwe- 
gian, 17, and all other, including domestic, 9 per cent. 

Cuba exported to the United States in 1901 commodities, including 
gold and silver, to the amount of $50,015,954, which was conveyed in 
the following bottoms: American, 45 percent; British, 21; German, 
3; Norwegian, 22, and all other, including domestic, 9 per cent. 

The value of imports into Cuba from all countries other than the 
United States, in 1901, was $39,282,842, of which amount $5,893,226, 
or 15 per cent, came in American vessels. 

The value of exports for the same period to countries other than 
the United States was $16,486,215, of which $11,564,733, or 70 per 
cent, was carried in American vessels. 



140 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

COMMERCE DURING THE YEAR 1902. 

The imports of 1902 were $1,448,636 less than those of 1901, and the 
exports of 1902 exceeded the imports by 12,813,340. 

The exports of sugar and tobacco during 1899 to 1902 amounted to 
nearly 90 per cent of the total exports of the island. The value of the 
sugar exported from 1899 to 1902, inclusive, amounted to $99,932,600; 
of tobacco, to $97,904,200, of which $47,890,700 was for leaf tobacco 
and $50,013,500 for cigars, cigarettes, and cut tobacco, thus making a 
total for sugar and tobacco for the four years of $197,836,800. Dur- 
ing the same period other exports amounted to $23,743,300, divided 
as follows: 

Agricultural products and rural industries |14, 075, 100 

Mineral products ( iron, manganese, and asphalt) 3, 909, 300 

Fisheries (sponges, tortoise shell, etc. ) 1 , 929, 300 

Other articles, reexported articles, and gold and silver 3, 829, 600 

While sugar and tobacco to-day represent the wealth of the island, 
prior to 1830 coffee was its principal source of wealth, yielding as 
much as 100.000.000 pounds annually, worth $18,000,000. 

MINOR PRODUCTS. 

An analysis of the minor products of Cuba exported during the 
period referred to (four years) is of interest. 

Under the heading "fruits " the sum of $801,200 is stated as exported 
in 1899, while in 1902 the figures under the same heading are stated as 
$1,906,600, divided as follows: 

Bananas 1621,000 

Pineapples 451,300 

Cocoanuts 189,500 

Oranges and lemons 3, 500 

Aguacates and mangoes 9, 300 

Cacao 552,400 

Coffee 1, 300 

Onions, tomatoes, beans, etc : 78, 300 

The pineapple crop of 1903 is valued at $1,500,000 and the orange 
and lemon crops will also show a great increase this year, and from now 
on, as large numbers of trees planted during the past three years are 
now bearing fruit. 

Forest products exported in 1899 were valued at $1,059,900, and in 
1902 at $1,874,800, viz: 

Woods (mahogany and cedar, principally) |1, 428, 600 

Textile fibers 380,900 

Dyes r. 65, 300 

Skins, horns, and hoofs of animals show a total of $463,800 exported 
in 1902, as compared with $310,200 in 1901. 

Honey was exported to the amount of $308,100 in 1902, against 
$189,200 in 1901. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



141 



Wax was exported to the amount of $373,300 in 1902, compared 
with $270,500 in the previous yeav. 

In 1899 the total value of the products exported, other than sugar 
and tobacco, was $2,413,600, or 5.4 per cent of the whole; in 1902 
the total was 14,926,600, or 7.6 per cent of the whole. 

The customs revenue collected in the Republic, giving total collec- 
tions and collections in Habana, is as follows: 



Year. 


Total. 


Habana. 


Per cent 

for 
Habana. 


1899 


$15,015,000 
16, 136, 000 
15,645,000 
14,698,000 


$11,097,000 
12, 068, 000 
10, 878, 000 
10, 580, 000 


74.0 


1900 


74 5 


1901 


69 


1902 


72 







As we see, the collections in Habana represent nearly three-fourths 
of the total. 

The expenses of the customs service have been quite uniform, 
amounting to $956,738 for the whole island in 1902; that is, 6i per 
cent for collection. A.s they amount to $595,926 for Habana, and 
$360,712 for the rest of the island, the proportion of expenses is 5.3 
and 8.15 per cent, respectively. 



COMMERCE DURING THE YEAR 1903. 

The commerce of Cuba during the year 1903 was as follows: 



^Imports. 



Exports. 



Duties. 



United States... 

Mexico 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

other countries 

Germany 

Spain 

France 

England 

other countries, 
other 

Total 



$27, 793, 607 
2, 658, 085 
1,934,110 
1, 372, 983 
2, 372, 387 
3,921,956 
9, 572, 446 
4, 435, 822 
10, 799, 775 
1, 867, 526 
348, 979 



67, 077, 676 



$61, 134, 902 

107, 477 

110, 928 

2,180 

1,433,838 

5, 370, 806 

1, 451, 620 

1, 134, 372 

6, 590, 824 

811, 368 

333, 094 



78, 486, 409 



$5, 230, 876 
354, 952 
737, 341 
134,470 
424,528 
976, 688 

2,911,400 
923, 970 

2, 715, 062 
385, 438 
117, 536 



14, 912, 261 



The countries marketing goods during the year and the percentage 
marketed by each is shown in the following: 

Percentage of imports into Cuba from the several countries in 1902 and 1903. 



Country. 



United States 

Mexico 

Uruguay 

Venezuela... 

Colombia 

Canada 

England 



1902. 


1903. 


Per cent. 


Per cent. 


41.6 


40.5 


5.1 


4.2 


1.7 


3.0 


.5 


2.1 


2.0 


1.1 


4.2 


2.6 


15.1 


n.o 



Country. 



Spain 

Germany 

France 

Sweden and Norway 
All other countries . 

Total 



Per cent. 

15.7 

6.0 

5.1 

2.6 

.4 



100.0 



1903. 



Per cent. 
14.3 
6.4 
5.3 
3.0 
.5 



100.0 



1J:2 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

The total amount of the commerce was $145,564,085, which compared 
with 1902 gave an increase of $18,479,000. The total of exportations, 
calculating the present population of the Republic as 1,750,000, gives 
an exportation of $45 per capita, the same as Argentina, one of the 
richest nations of America. 

Cuba's exports of agricultural products are preeminent, aggregating 
95 per cent of the entire output. 

Of the $77,261,000 exported (excluding coin) during 1903, raw sugar 
amounted to $40,400,000 (52.4 per cent of the total), $10,460,000 more 
than the previous year. Adding to this sum $1,490,000, amount of 
the exportation of other products derived from the manufacture of 
sugar (molasses, alcohol, etc.), and we have a total of $41,940,000, 
value of the export of national products that depend on the cultiva- 
tion of sugar cane — more than double that of 1899 (in which year 
there were only exported of this class of products $19,300,000) and 
$11,000,000 more than in 1902. 

The value of the tobacco exported represents 33 per cent of the 
exports of this year and amounts to $26,042,000, against 125,400,000 
in 1902. The increase is due to the exportation of leaf tobacco, 
$600,000 greater than the preceding year. 

These figures show that sugar constitutes more than half, tobacco a 
third, and both products together make 87 per cent of Cuba's exports. 
The exportation of other national products is increasing everj^ daj^, 
offering new bases for the greater stability of her economic life, 
dependent until now only on the value in foreign markets of the two 
exportable, almost exclusive products, sugar and tobacco. 

In 1899 the value of exports other than sugar and tobacco was 
$4,780,000, whereas in 1903 it amounted to $9,300,000 (13 per cent of 
the total value). Of this sum about $3,000,000 are fruits and garden 
truck, against $1,900,000 in 1902 and only $800,000 in 1899; $2,250,000 
are forestr}^ products and natural crops, against $1,870,000 the pre- 
vious year, and more than $1,000,000 are products derived from rais- 
ing animals. The products of apiculture amounted to $760,000, three 
times more than in 1899. All together $6,350,000 of agricultural 
products, besides sugar, tobacco, and derived products (9 per cent of 
the total exports), and $1,400,000 more than in 1902. Summing up 
the value of agricultural and those industrial products which get their 
raw material from the national agriculture (sugar and products derived 
from it, tobacco and its manufactures, fruits, garden truck, minor prod- 
ucts, and products of raising animals), the result is $74,300,000; that 
is to say, 95 per cent of the total. In the face of these data there is 
not the slightest doubt that the country is eminently agricultural, and 
that on this industry depends her wealth and her economic future. 
The remaining 5 per cent amounts to some $3,000,000, and consists of 
mineral products, $1,690,000: fishery products, $480,000, and other 
unimportant articles. * 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



143 



The following is a resume of the exports, classified according to the 
sources of production: 



( 


1899. 




1900. 


1901. 




Value. 


Per 
cent. 


Value. 


Per 
cent. 


Value. 


Per 
cent. 


Sugar and its derivatives. 


118, 638. 40 
568. 40 


41 

2 


$16,774.40 
829. 40 


34 

2 


$30,816.40 
1, 142. 20 


48 


other products derived from its manufacture 
(molasses, brandy, liquors, sweetmeats) 


3 


Total - 


19,206.70 


43 


17,603.80 


36 


32,258.50 


51 






Tobacco and its manufactures. 


8,927.20 
12, 157. 60 


20 

27 


13,793.80 
12, 294. 20 


28 
25 


12, 517. 10 
12,810.10 


20 


Manufactured tobacco (cigars, cigarettes, and 


20 






Total 


21, 084. 80 


47 


26, 088. 00 


53 


25,327.20 


40 






Total sugar, tobacco, and their deriva- 


40,291.50 


90 


43,691.80 


89 


57,585.70 


91 






Other products of agriculture and rural industries. 

Fruits, cocoa, minor products (vegetables, etc.) . 
Forestry products and natural products (lum- 
ber, textile fabrics, dyes, and tanning mate- 


801. 20 

1,059.90 
302. 50 
250.00 




1, 181. 70 

1,265.40 
300.50 
418. 60 




1, 142. 70 

1,356.10 
310. 20 
459. 70 




Stock raising products (animals, hides, etc. ). . 
Agriculture (honey and beeswax) 








Total 


2,413.60 


5 


3,166.20 


6 


3, 568. 70 


6 






Other exports not dependent on agriculture. 
Mineral products (iron, manganese, copper, 


516. 70 
430. 70 

1,414.90 


!• 


f 661.00 
J 494. 60 

[ 891.00 


1' 


f 955. 30 
1 528.50 

[ 640. 20 


I- 




Other merchandise (including the reexporta- 






Total 


4,475.90 


10 


5,212.80 


11 


5, 692. 70 


9 








45,067.40 




48,904.60 




63, 268. 40 











1902. 


1903. 




Value. 


Per 

cent. 


Value. 


Per 

cent. 


Sugar and its derivatives. 
Raw sugar 


$29,989.30 
874. 20 


46 
2 


$40,449.60 
1, 491. 30 


52 


other products derived from its manufacture (molasses, brandy. 


2 






Total 


30,863.50 


48 


41,940.90 


54 






Tobacco and its manufactures. 


12, 652. 50 
12,751.70 


20 
20 


13, 255. 10 
12,787.20 


17 


Manufactured tobacco (cigars, cigarettes, and cut tobacco) 


16 


Total 


25, 404. 20 


40 


26, 042. 30 


33 






Total sugar, tobacco, and their derivatives 


56, 267. 80 


88 


67, 983. 20 


87 






Other products of agriculture and rural industries. 
Fruits, cocoa, minor products (vegetables, etc. ) 


1, 906. 60 

1, 874. 80 
463.80 
681.40 





2,932.30 

2, 528. 60 
402.90 
759. 20 




Forestry products and natural products (lumber, textile fabrics, 




Stock-raising products (animals, liides, etc. ) 




Agriculture (honey and beeswax) 








Total 


4,926.60 


8 


6,62S.00 


9 






Other exports not dependent on agriculture. 
Mineral products (iron, manganese copper, asphalt) 


1,776.30 
455. 50 

883.50 


1 ^ 


( 1,696.90 
1 479.80 

i 477.90 




Fisheries ( sponges and tortoise shell ) 




Other merchandise (including the reexportation of foreign 
goods) 








Total 


8,061.90 


13 


9. 277. 60 


13 


Grand total 






64, 329. 70 


77. 260. 80 








' 





144 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



In order to give an adequate idea of the commerce of the ports of 
entry of Cuba with foreign ports, the following statement is given, the 
figures having been taken from the general statistics published by the 
department of finance of Cuba, showing the imports and exports f c 
two fiscal years: 



Ports. 



Imports. 



1901-2. 



1902-3. 



Exports. 



1901-2. 



1902-3. 



Baracoa 

Batabano . . . 
Caibarien . . . 

Cerdenas 

Cienfuegos-. 

Gibara 

Guantanamo 

Habana 

Manzanillo . 
Matanzas . . . 

Nuevitas 

Sag-ua 

Santa Cruz . . 

Santiago 

Trinidad 

Tunas 

Total.. 



$148, 787 

3,542 

768, 097 

1, 884, 073 

7, 158, 250 

1, 716, 794 

515, 474 

43, 129, 064 

1,393,312 

2, 010, 801 

1, 226, 645 

639, 593 

26, 631 

5, 227, 181 

147, 716 

66, 950 



1102, 962 

3,046 

749, 531 

1, 416, 188 

4, 486, 217 

1, 153, 502 

486, 522 

44, 314, 421 

1, 361, 948 

1,711,658 

896, 499 

507, 093 

14, 687 

4, 868, 021 

114, 813 

16, 225 



9,725 



1, 241, 643 
3, 000, 816 
5, 197, 114 
2,325,780 
1, 029, 809 
32, 557, 126 
1, 703, 840 
1, 727, 216 

854, 936 
1, 370, 801 

406, 860 

2, 142, 717 

56, 882 

327, 462 



66, 062, 856 



62, 620, 279 



54, 246, 727 



S558, 397 

162 

2, 768, 796 

7,941,484 

7, 256, 125 

2, 709, 491 

2, 118, 691 

34, 216, 320 

2, 434, 062 

8, 256, 660 

1, 300, 045 

3, 922, 271 

570, 923 

3,422,527 

710, 447 

196, 241 



78, 382, 642 



The following table shows the value of Cuba's exportations covering 
-a period of five years ending January 1, 1904, and gives the various 
general grouping of commodities: 





1899. 


1900. 


1901. 




Value. 


Per 
cent. 


Value. 


Per 
cent. 


Value. 


Per 
cent. 




819,206,700 
21,084,800 

2, 413, 600 

2, 362, 300 


43 
47 

5 

5 


817,603,800 
26,088,000 

3,166,200 

2,046,600 


36 
53 

6 

5 


132, 258, 500 
25,327,200 

3, 568, 700 

2,124,000 


51 


Tobacco crude and manufactured 


40 


other agricultural products and rural indus- 


6 


Products not depending upon agriculture. 


3 






General total 


45, 067, 400 




48,904,600 




63,278,400 











1902. 


1903. 




Value. 


Per 
cent. 


Value. 


Per 
cent. 


Sugar and its derivatives 


ISO, 863, 500 

25,404,200 

4, 926, 600 

3,115,300 


48 

40 

8 

4 


$41,940,900 

26, 042, 300 

6, 623, 000 

2,654,600 


54 




33 


Other agricultural products and rural industries 


9 


Products not depending upon agriculture, such as ore, asphalt, 
etc 


3 






General total 


64,309,600 




77, 260, 800 









Although sugar and tobacco with their derivatives and manufactures 
constituted during 1903 8T per cent of the total export trade of Cuba, 
it will be noticed that the greatest proportionate increase has been 
made in the lesser important agricultural and rural products, and inas- 
much as the American colonists, who have already settled in Cuba or 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



145 



are thinking of going there for the purpose of winter farming, are of 
necessity chiefly to follow agriculture on a comparatively small scale, 
and will, as a rule, cultivate and market fruits and vegetables, a detail 
of the exports of these commodities is hereby appended: 



Fruits. 


1899. 


1900. 


1901. 


1902. 


1903. 


Increase 

during 5 

years. 




8114, 600 

165, 000 

69, 000 

700 

6,300 


S303, 800 

221,300 

193, 000 

1,700 

9,900 


8550, 400 

248, 000 

192,400 

800 

8,100 


8621,000 

451, 300 

189,500 

3,500 

9,300 


81,235,800 

760,000 

222, 200 

2,200 

11, 100 


Per cent. 






Cocoanuts (including copra) . . . 






other fruits (mangoes, agua- 
cates, etc. ) 








Total.. 


365, 600 


729, 700 


999,700 


1,274,600 


2,231,300 


530 







Miscellaneous articles. 


1899. 


1900. 


1901. 


1902. 


1903. 


Increase 
during 
5 years. 


Cocoa 


8337, 500 

1,400 

106, 700 

967,000 

92, 900 
81,700 
108, 300 


8399,200 

1,400 

51, 400 

1,050,300 

215,100 
190, 400 
228, 200 


8393, 700 

2,200 

47, 100 

1,193,200 

162, 900 
189, 200 
270, 500 


8552,400 
1,300 
78, 300 

1,428,600 

446, 200 
308, 100 
373, 300 


8607, 000 

1,100 

92, 900 

2, 289, 600 

239, 000 
318, 800 
440,400 


Per cent. 
80 


Coffee 






12a 


Hard woods, principally ma- 
hogany and cedar 


130 


Dyewoods, textile fibers, in- 
cluding palm leaf, hemp, etc . 
Honey 


146 
300 


Wax 


160 






Total 


1,755,500 


2,136,000 


2, 258, 800 


3, 188, 200 


^,988,800 









a Loss. 

Fruits and vegetables ex'ported from Habana to the United States. 
[In crates.] 



Date. 



To Eastern United States 
via New York. 



Fruits, "^bilg^a" Total. 



To Western and Northwest- 
ern United States via Mo- 
bile and New Orleans. 



F^its. Vege^a- ^otal. 



Total. 



Fruits Vegeta- 
j?ruus. ^,jgg_„ 



1903. 

January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 

October 

November . 
December.. 

Total. 

1904. 

January 

February .. 

Total. 



3,104 

7,101 

9,109 

114, 219 

230, 930 

172, 571 

23, 076 

17,115 

4, 529 

900 

1,759 

3,693 



12, 264 
15, 961 
23, 106 
11, 645 
3,693 
565 



156 
144 
624 



15, 368 

23, 062 

32, 215 

125, 864 

234, 623 

173, 136 

23,075 

17, 115 

4,529 

1,056 

1,903 

4,317 



1, 352 
3,161 

4,686 

54, 118 

108, 502 

51, 468 

1,420 

1,479 

1,060 

963 

371 

1,113 



1,821 
6,155 
12, 309 
3,666 
1,146 



3,173 

9,316 

16, 995 

57, 784 

109, 648 

51,468 

1,420 

1,479 

1,060 

953 

371 

1,750 



4, 456 

10, 262 

13, 795 

168, 337 

339, 432 

224, 039 

24, 495 

18, 594 

5,589 

1,863 

2,130 

4,806 



588, 105 



68, 158 



656, 263 



229, 693 



255, 427 



817, 798 



2,425 
3,591 



3,030 
15, 137 



5, 455 
18, 728 



466 
1,399 



3,225 
19, 491 



3,691 
20, 890 



6,016 



18, 167 



24, 183 



1,865 



22, 716 



24, 581 



2,891 
4,990 



14, 085 
22, 116 
35, 415 
15, 311 
4,839 
565 



156 

144 

1,261 



93, 892 



6,255 
34, 628 



40, 883 



a Include tomatoes, potatoes, onions, peppers, egg plant, beans, okra, etc. 
159a— 05 10 



146 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



NAVIGATION. 





Incoming. 


Outgoing. 


Year. 


Domestic. 


Foreign. 


Domestic. 


Foreign. 




No. of 

vessels. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


No. of 
vessels. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


No. of 

vessels. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


No. of 
vessels. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


1899 


10, 243 
11,809 
11, 668 
11, 989 
11, 634 


1,612,381 
2,528,312 
2, 213, 797 
3,283,295 
2, 980, 230 


4,016 
3,610 
3,867 
3,848 
4,037 


5, 496, 543 
6, 405, 467 
7,417,202 
7, 846, 671 
8,216,824 


9,865 
11, 729 
11, 772 
12, 102 
11,632 


1,607,952 
2, .534, 813 
3,219,238 
3,297,867 
2,975,470 


3,904 
3,540 
3,830 
3,823 
3,973 


5, 426, 590 


1900 


6, 371, 006 


1901 


7, 401, 077 


1902 


7, 806, 071 


1903 


8, 155, 735 







For the six months ended June 30, 1904, the value of imports of 
merchandise into Cuba amounted to $39,872,456, of which $15,416,503 
represented imports from the United States carried in ships of the 
following nationalities: 

Value of imports into Cuba from the United States and exports from Cuba to the United 
States, by nationality of carrying ships, in the six months ended June 30, 1904- 



Nationality of ships. 



Imports. 



By steam- 
ers. 



By sailing 

vessels. 



Total. 



Exports. 



By steam- By sailing 
ers. vessels. 



Total. 



Cuban 

American . 

British 

Dutch 

German . . . 
Spanish . . . 
Norwegian 
All other.. 

Total 



S3, 031, 

8, 267, 

607, 

30, 

8, 

41, 

2, 342, 

46, 



$20, 062 
800, 271 
213, 096 



7,313 



$3, 051, 988 

9, 067, 357 

820, 494 

30, 181 

8,895 

41,255 

2, 342, 211 

54, 122 



$2, 341, 532 

11, 426, 520 

20, 764, 938 

263, 515 

600, 125 

2, 773, 331 

12, 217, 750 

2, 103, 074 



S400, 730 
237, 142 



60, 459 
20, 503 



14, 375, 761 



1, 040, 742 



15, 416, 503 



52, 390, 785 



718, 834 



$2, 341, 532 

11, 827, 250 

21,002,080 

263,515 

500, 125 

2, 773, 331 

12, 278, 209 

2, 123, 577 



53, 109, 619 



Value of total trade of Cuba loith the United States, imports and exports, by nationality of 
carrying ships, during the six months ended Ju^ie 30, 1904- 



Nationality of ships. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Total. 




$820,494 

9,067,357 

2, 342, 211 

3,051,988 

41,255 

8,895 

30, 181 

.54, 122 


121,002,080 
11,827,2.50 
12, 278, 209 
2,341,532 
2, 773, 331 
500, 125 
263,515 
2, 123, 577 


821,822,574 
20, 894, 607 
14,620,420 
5,393,520 
2,814,586 
509 020 


American 


Norwegian 




Spanish 


German 


Dutch 


293, 696 


All other 


2, 177, 699 






Total 


15,416,503 


53,109,619 


68,526,122 





The total number of ocean-going vessels which entered Cuban ports 
during the period under review, steam and sail, was 2,401, with a 
gross tonnage of 4,646,872 and a net tonnage of 2,989,975, of which 
1,090 v^essels, with a gross tonnage of 1,653,908 and a net tonnage of 
1,085,063, sailed from the United States. Of these 1,090 vessels, 466 
were American, which cleared from the following ports: Key West, 98; 
Miami, 44; New York, 89; New Orleans, 32; Tampa, 71; other ports 
in the United States, 122. The gross tonnage of these 456 American 
vessels was 701,523 and the net tonnage 475,716, in which are included 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



147 



21 ships, with a gross tonnage of 18,829 and a net tonnage of 13,097, 
which carried no freight, 

COMMERCE IN 1904. 

On December 27, 1903, a reciprocity treaty was conchided with the 
United States in the terms hereafter expressed. On February 2, 
1905, the United States Bureau of Statistics published the following 
statement in regard to the trade of the United States with Cuba under 
the new tariff: 

The figures of the United States Government, showing its total imports from and 
exports to each country of the world, show that the imports from Cuba in the calendar 
year 1904 under the reciprocity treaty were $74,950,992 in value, against $57,228,291 
in 1903. This indicates an increase of practically f 18,000,000, or 31 per cent. Dur- 
ing that same period our total imports from the West Indies, including Cuba, but 
excluding Porto Rico from consideration, grew from $74,890,690 in 1903 to $89,561,026 
in 1904, an increase of but $14,500,000, or 20 per cent. Thus the entire increase in 
our imports from the West Indies occurred in the trade with Cuba, the imports 
from the other West India Islands showing in practically every case a decrease as 
compared with the preceding year. The total imports into the United States in 
1904 were $1,035,909,197, against $995,494,327 in 1903, an increase of $40,000,000, 
or but 4 per cent. Thus the imports from Cuba increased 31 per cent w^hile the 
imports from other sections of the West Indies were decreasing, and the total imports 
into the United States from all countries were increasing but 4 per cent. 

Turning to the export side the figures of the United States Government show total 
exports to Cuba in the calendar year 1904 valued at $32,644,345, against $23,504,417 
in 1903, an increase of $9,139^928, or 38.9 per cent. The total exports to all parts of 
the world in 1904 were $1,451,355,645, against $1,484,753,083 in 1903, a decrease of 
$33,397,438, or 2.3 per cent in the grand total exports, while to Cuba alone, as above 
indicated, the increase is practically 40 per cent. 

The table which follows shows the total imports from and exports to Cuba in each 
calendar year from 1890 to 1904: 

Trade of the United States with Cuba, 1890-1904. 



Calendar year. 



Imports from Exporte to 
Cuba. Cuba. 



1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1896 
1896 
1897 



$54, 628, 710 
69, 278, 511 
78, 228, 542 
70,581,526 
76, 413, 131 
51,718,888 
24, 708, 849 
16, 233, 456 



$13, 329, 493 
14, 464, 459 
22, 244, 878 
21,856,241 
17,186,835 
9, 498, 054 
7, 296, 613 
9,308,515 



Calendar year. 


Imports from 
Cuba. 


Exports to 
Cuba. 


1898 


118,321,517 
29, 668, 221 
31,747,229 
46,663,796 
48, 619, 588 
57,228,291 
74, 950, 992 


110,750,257 


1899 


24,861,261 


1900 


26, 934, 524 


1901 


27, 007, 024 


1902 


23,061,623 


1903 


23, 504, 417 


1904 


32,644,345 







The exports from the United States to Cuba in the calendar year 1904 exceeded 
those of any earlier year in the history of our trade with that island, the highest 
total in any preceding year having been that of 1901, $27,007,024, against $32,644,345 
in 1904, an increase in 1904 of 20.8 per cent over the previous high record year, 1901. 
The imports from Cuba in 1904 were less in value than those of the calendar years 
1894 and 1892 and of the fiscal years 1874 and 1873. Summarizing in a single sen- 
tence the figures of our export trade to Cuba in 1904, it may be said that it is larger 
than in any preceding year, and that the increase over 1903 was 38.9 per cent, while 
the increase in imports from Cuba in the same year was 31 per cent. 

Considering the Cuban figures of imports and exports during the existence of the 
reciprocity treaty and comparing the same with those of the corresponding period 



148 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



of the preceding year, the Bureau of Statistics publishes a table received from official 
sources in Cuba showing the imports and exports of Cuba by principal countries 
during the first six months of the calendar years 1903 and 1904. These figures, it is 
proper to add, include gold and silver as well as merchandise, while those of the 
United States above discussed relate to merchandise onlj'. The table shows that 
Cuba's total importations from the United States, including gold and silver, in the 
first six months of 1904 were 115,416,503, against $13,696,673 in the corresponding 
period of 1903, and that her exports to the United States in the first half of 1904 
were $53,109,619, against $36,046,328 in the corresponding months of 1903. 

The figures of Cuba's trade with other countries are also given, and show in prac- 
tically all cases a larger percentage of increase in imports from those countries than of 
imports from the United States. From the United Kingdom, for example, the 
increase in imports is 34.5 per cent; from Spain, 23.8 per cent; from France, 48.4 
per cent; and from Germany, 39.9 per cent; while from the United States the 
increase is but 12.8 per cent. Thus in the case of each of the countries named the 
percentage of increase in imports during the first six months of 1904 was greater than 
that in imports from the United States. Comparing the imports during the first 
half of 1904 with those of the corresponding period of 1903, Cuba increased her 
imports from all countries 22.8 per cent, her imports from countries other than the 
United States, 30.3 per cent, and her imports from the United States alone, 12.6 per 
cent. In the first half of 1903 the United States supplied, according to these figures, 
42 per cent of the total imports of Cuba, and in the corresponding period of 1904 39 
per cent. 

The exports from Cuba to the United States during the first six months of 1904 
were $53, 109,619, against $36,046,328 in the corresponding months of 1903, an increase 
of 47.3 per cent. The exports from Cuba to all countries increased from $44,120,812 
in the first six months of 1903 to $60,033,227 in the corresponding period of 1904, a 
growth of 36.1 per cent, while to countries other than the United States Cuba's 
exports fell from $8,074,484 in the first half of 1903 to $6,923,608 in the corresponding 
months of 1904, a decrease of 14.2 per cent. 

The table which follows shows the trade of Cuba with the principal countries of 
the world during the first six months of 1904 compared with the corresponding 
months of 1903, the figures being those of the Cuban Government, but including 
gold and silver with merchandise. 

Imports into Cuba, hy principal countries, during the first six months of 1908 and 1904- 



Countries. 



Six montlis ending June 
30— 



Per cent 
of in- 
crease. 



United States 

United Kingdom 

Spain 

France 

Germany 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

Mexico 

Porto Rico 

Belgium 

Canada 

Colombia 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Sweden and Norway 

British India 

Austria-Hungary 

Argentina ." 

All other countries . . 

Total 



$13, 696, 

4, 910, 

4, 928, 

2, 249, 

1, 806, 

1,098, 

53, 

1,561, 

260, 

278, 

126, 

297, 

121, 

153, 

141, 

121, 

72, 

90. 

494, 



$15, 
6, 
6, 
3, 



416, 503 
607, 480 
099, 994 
337, 081 
526, 223 
931,017 
916, 447 
879, 477 
625, 379 
377, 269 
289, 015 
286, 292 
204, 714 
168, 753 
157, 594 
157, 312 
145, 206 
128, 463 
617, 219 



12.6 
34.5 
23.8 
48.4 
39.9 

a 14. 9 
1, 599. 6 

a 43. 7 

140.5 
35.3 

128.3 
a 3. 6 
67.9 
10.0 
11.3 
29.9 

102.8 
42.0 
24.8 



32, 458, 362 39, 872, 456 



22.8 



a Decrease. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



149 



Exports from Cuba, hi/ principal countries, during the first six months of 1903 and 1904- 



United States 

United Kingdom 

Spain 

France 

Germany 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

Mexico 

Porto Rico 

Belgium 

Canada 

Colombia 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Sweden and Norway . 

British India 

Austria-Hungary 

Argentina 

All other countries . . . 



Total 



Six months ending June 
30— 



»36, 046, 328 

3, 598, 08G 

753, 338 

773, 677 

1,615,875 

45, 403 

1,109 

63, 604 

4,518 

35, 240 

249, 759 

94, 080 

54, 829 

94, 373 

6,410 



55, 877 
111, 674 
516, 632 



1904. 



»58, 



109,619 

892, 097 

482, 102 

827, 568 

389, 347 

31,030 

5, 045 

47, 564 

28, 847 

56, 767 

211,023 

131, 909 

8,758 

148, 903 

1,900 

500 

42, 222 

125, 799 

492, 237 



44,120,812 60,033,227 



Per cent 
of in- 
crease. 



47.3 

19.6 
a 36.0 

69.7 
O14.0 
a 31. 7 
354.9 
a 25. 2 
638.5 

61.0 
a 16. 5 

40.2 
a 84. 

57.8 
a 70. 4 



a 24 A 
12.6 
a4.7 



a Decrease. 



The United States Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce 
and Labor, in August, 1905, furnished preliminary figures of the 
foreign commerce of Cuba for the calendar year 1904, which show 
substantial increase in trade relations with the island Republic. As 
the reciprocity agreement with the United States went into effect 
December 27, 1903, the figures give some idea of the relative position 
of American commerce with Cuba in comparison with that of the 
principal competing European countries as affected by the preferential 
tariff treatment accorded American products. 

The United States furnished 42.5 per cent of the total merchandise 
imports during the calendar year 1904, as against 40.5 per cent during 
the previous year. The United Kingdom, our most serious competitor, 
furnished 16.4 per cent, as against 17 per cent in 1903. Spain's share 
has fallen from 14.3 to 12.6 per cent, while Germany's and France's 
relative shares have risen inconsiderably, though the absolute figures 
of imports from all these countries show substantial gains during the 
most recent calendar year. 

The following table shows the value of the imports into Cuba from 
the principal countries during the calendar 3^ ears 1903 and 1904: 



1903. 



United States «25, 

Great Britain 10, 

\ 9 



Spain 

Germany 

France 

American countries, n. e. s 
European countries, n. e. s 
Other countries 



Total. 



703, 100 
799, 800 
113, 500 
922, 000 
372, 000 
337, 500 
892, 000 
324, 600 



63, 464, 500 



742, 000 
684, 700 
707, 600 
023, 800 
224, 100 
686,500 
450. 100 
563; 800 



77, 082, 100 



150 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



EXPORTS TO PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES. 

The importance of the United States as the principal outlet for 
Cuban staples is even more pronounced than its leading position in the 
Cuban import market. Moreover, the large gains, both relative and 
absolute, made b}" Cuban exports to the United States during the last 
3^ear have reduced the shares in the export trade taken by the leading 
European countries. Thus, while the exports to the United States 
grew from 160,100.000 in 1903 to 174,500,000 in 1904, or from 77.T 
per cent to 83.7 per cent of the total exports, the share of the United 
Kingdom has fallen from $6,600,000 to $5,900,000 in 1904; that of 
Germany has fallen from $5,400,000 to $4,000,000; that of Spain 
from $1,300,000 to $731,000, and that of France from $1,100,000 to 
$1,000,000. The following table shows the value of the exports from 
Cuba to the principal countries during the last two calendar years: 



United States 

Great Britain 

Spain 

Germany 

France 

American countries n. e. s 
European countries n. e. s 
Other countries 

Total 



860, 089, 400 


$74,466,000 


6, 590, 800 


5,902,500 


1,273,200 


. 731,000 


5, 370, 800 


4,032,300 


1, 132, 700 


1, 008, 300 


1,654,500 


1,693,300 


811, 400 


703, 200 


338, 000 


476,200 


77, 260, 800 


89, 012, 800 



AMERICAN INDUSTRIES BENEFITED. 

An analj^sis of the import figures by articles discloses the fact that 
the gain in imports from this country has* been distributed in a fairly 
equable manner, benefiting thus a large number of American interests 
represented in the Cuban market. Thus, the imports of cotton goods 
show a gain of over 87 percent— from $453,100 in 1903 to $848,500 in 
1904 — although it should be said that even after such an increase the 
relative share of the United States in the total foreign suppl}^ of cot- 
tons does not exceed 10.4 per cent, as against 54 per cent supplied b}^ 
the United Kingdom and 18.7 per cent by Spain. Almost one-half of 
the manufactures of iron and steel is now being furnished by the United 
States, the gain in 1904 of about half a million dollars being far in 
excess of gains made b}'' other countries during the same period. 

BOOTS, SHOES, AND MACHINERY. 

In boots and shoes the share of the United States has risen from 37 
per cent in 1903 to 40.3 per cent in 1904, the value of American shoes 
imported in 1904 being $1,202,200, as against $854,300 in 1903. 
Spanish boots and shoes, which as late as 1900 supplied almost 80 per 
cent of the total demand for the foreign article, constituted 61.3 per 
cent of the total shoe imports in 1903 and 58.6 per cent in 1904. The 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 151 

change of taste and habits illustrated by these figures is, after all, the 
product of slow growth, and no sudden changes in the import figures 
could be expected. 

The total import figures of machinery, exclusive of machiner}^ for 
sugar mills and distilleries, show a larger relative growth than those 
credited to the United States, notwithstanding the 20 per cent differ- 
ential in favor of the American article. The progress made by Ameri- 
can machinery for use in sugar mills and distilleries is more satisfactory, 
the import figures for 1904 showing substantial gains over those for 
1903, and the relative share in the total imports for 1904 being 73.2 
per cent, as against 66.7 per cent during the preceding year. 

Considerable gains are shown in the imports of paper and paper 
manufactures. Out of 11,304,200 worth of these articles imported in 
1903, the share supplied by the United States was $319,800, while in 
1904 the imports from all countries amounted to 11,367,000, of which 
the United States supplied $428,200, or 31.3 per cent. The imports 
of manufactures of wool and textile fibers from this country are still 
inconsiderable, Cuba drawing upon Europe for these articles. The 
imports of manufactured linen, jute, and other fibers have fallen off 
considerably during the last year, while the imports of wool manufac- 
tures show a slight increase. 

GROWTH IN FOOD STUFFS. 

The improvement in the economic condition of Cuba is attested by 
the growth of imports of food stuffs from $21,800,000 in 1903 to about 
$26,000,000 in .1904, Practically all the flour, corn, and lard had been 
coming from the United States even prior to reciprocity, and naturally 
continues to do so now under reciprocity. Of these three articles of 
popular diet, the imports of flour have increased from $2,085,000 to 
$2,970,000; corn from $606,600 to $898,000, while lard decreased from 
$2,885,000 in 1903 to $2,617,800 in 1904. 

It is but proper to add that the Cuban duty on American flour, 
$1 per 220 pounds before reciprocity, was reduced to 70 cents by the 
reciprocity agreement, and then increased to 91 cents -by act of the 
Cuban Congress of February 5, 1904, raising the general rate on 
the article. The rate on American corn was likewise reduced from 
30 cents per 220 pounds to 21 cents, and then increased to 27.3 cents, 
while the rate on American lard was lowered at first from $2.80 per 
100 kilograms to $2.24 by a 20 per cent reduction according to the 
reciprocity agreement, and then raised to $2.91 through an increase of 
the general rate by 30 per cent by the act of February 9, 1904. 

The 20 per cent differential in favor of American-grown coffee has 
benefited the Porto Rican product, the imports of which into Cuba 
have increased from $207,400 to $711,400, constituting 38.4 per cent 
of the 1904 coffee imports, as against 18.6 per cent only of the imports 
for the preceding 3"ear. 



152 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS. 

The following information has been collected largely from Messrs. 
Molina Brothers, custom-house brokers, of Habana. 

All goods arriving in the island of Cuba, whether dutiable or not, 
must be entered in the custom-house of the port of arrival. The entry 
is made on a prescribed form, which is accompanied by the invoice or 
bill of sale, and the bill of lading issued b}^ the carrying company. 
Both the bill of lading and the invoice must be in exact accordance 
with the goods they cover. 

Great care should be exercised in making invoices to conform to the 
customs regulations, for if they are not properly prepared the entry 
is delayed, heavy fines are imposed (if not confiscation), and the mer- 
♦ chant is at a loss to know what the goods are going to cost him and 
besides risks losing sales on account of late delivery. Several 
instances are known of merchants ordering from Europe, simply 
because European manufacturers comply with their instructions and 
present invoices properly made, thereby insuring the dispatch of their 
goods within the specified time of eight daj^s after arrival. The cus- 
toms regulations of this country are identical with those of the United 
States, and intending shippers s hould consult them or employ experts 
in export trade in order to have invoices properly made. 

The invoices must be made in quadruplicate, on good, durable paper, 
with ink, and must give the value of each article they cover, its gross 
and net weight, a description of package (if it is case, barrel, bundle, 
crate, etc.), and its gross and net weight. If packages are marked and 
numbered it should be so stated on invoice; all vague terms, such as 
fittings, machinery, supplies, should be avoided. Everything should 
be clearly described. On invoices covering textiles it is absolutely 
necessar3^ to state whether they are cotton, linen, wool, or silk. On 
invoices of such goods as hosiery, the net weight of the pasteboard 
boxes, the weight of the wooden box, and the total weight of all, must 
be stated. Other requirements for various classes of goods are given 
below. In brief, goods should be so clearly and definitel}^ described 
on the invoice that one can readih^ learn the number of packages, their 
marks and numbers, gross and net weight, and exact contents, quality, 
value, etc., without the necessity of opening or seeing the packages. 

The expenses incurred, if any, such as packing and boxes or cartage, 
should be stated, but not the steamer freight from the shipping port. 
If there are no charges the fact should be indicated by the letters 
"f. o. b." The invoices should state whether goods are products of 
the United States of America, and must be signed in ink by the firm. 
In case the shipper is a company or corporation, the title of the signer 
should be given (for example, American Paper Compan}'-, by John 
Smith, secretary). No initials will be accepted. Invoices must be 
clean and free from erasures and corrections. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 153 

These four invoices are presented to the Cuban consul, who will 
certify and return two of them to the shipper. The two returned to 
the shipper are then sent to consignee, with the bill of lading, by the 
same steamer that conveys the merchandise. The bill of lading should 
give clearly the number of packages, gross weight only, and their 
mark and number, in full conformity with the invoice, and should 
state to whom they are consigned. If the bill of lading is to "order" 
it must be indorsed by the shipper, otherwise the custom-house will 
not deliver the goods. 

Herewith appears a pro forma invoice, showing how it should be 
made if several articles are put in one package. It must be described 
as "1 box, barrel, etc., of sundries," gross weight must be given, and 
each article it contains must be described, somewhat as follows: 

SMALL INVOICE. 

One box sundries, containing — 



Weight. 



Articles. 



Value. 



5 pounds . 
^ pound . . 
10 pounds 
5 ounces . . 
k pound . . 
5 pounds . 



5 pounds white beans, at 2 cents per pound . .< 

1 pair men's black leather No. 9 shoes 

1 shotgun 

1 nickel-plated watch 

1 dozen hemstitched cotton handkerchiefs (white) 20 by 20. 
1 nickel-plated brass shower for bath 



Charges: Boxing, 50 cents; cartage to steamer, 40 cents. 



SO. 10 

3.50 

25.00 
5.00 
6.00 
5.00 



44.60 
.90 



45.50 



Gross weight of box, 47 pounds. 
Net weight of box, 22 pounds. 

I certify the above are products of the soil or industry of the United States, and that this invoice 
is true and correct in all respects. 
Samples. 

(Signed) John Doe. 

EEQUIEEMENTS ON INVOICES OF DIFFERENT GOODS. 

Shoes: If for men, children, or women; size, number, and kind of 
leather. 

Cotton or linen goods: If white, colored, printed, dyed, open work, 
number of threads. 

Furniture: Kind of wood and nature of fixtures. 

Iron: If cast, wrought, etc. 

Brass: If nickel plated, etc. 

Machinery : For what purpose (as, electrical) ; if agricultural describe 
(mower, plow, etc.). 

Glassware: If cut glass, porcelain, etc., and if gilt. 

Bricks: If plain, c\sij, glazed, etc. 

Jewelry: If solid, tilled, plated,, etc. 

Chemicals: Component material. 

Patent medicines: No further description needed. 

Paper: If writing, printing, or tissue, etc. 



154 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



Books: Material of cover, if leather or cloth, and its weight, sep- 
arate from the paper. 

Sundries: If packed in one package, describe each article, with 
weight and value. 

Silk: Net and gross weight and value onl5^ 

Woolens: Net and gross weight and value only. 

Ironware: If enameled, etc. 

Food stuff: Weight and value. 

Leather: Kind; patent, enameled, etc. 

STATISTICS OF CUBA'S COMMERCE. 



Imports and exports of Cuba for specified calendar years prior to 1896 and from 1899 to 1903. 

[From the Spanish-Cuban Treasury Report of 1881 for years 1774-1877; from British Consular Report 
from Habana for years 1894, 1895; from Cuban Official Treasury Reports for years 1899-1903.] 



Year. 



1774 
1787 
1792 
1804 
1810 
1817 
1819 
1825 
1827 
1830 
1841 
1846 
1849 
1850 
1852 
1855 



Imports. Exports. 



Pesos. 

2,285,798 
2, 879, 050 
10, 795, 372 
10, 462, 695 
15,828,811 
15, 879, 937 
9, 292, 575 
9, 370, 593 
15, 286, 207 
14, 935, 279 
21,781,925 
22, 605, 399 
26, 320, 060 
28, 982, 827 
29, 780, 242 
31, 215, 898 



Pesos. 
1,197,978 
1, 583, 402 
7,281,169 
8, 165, 735 
10, 078, 285 
6, 258, 245 
10, 776, 997 
6, 465, 323 
12, 802, 225 
14,349,823 
26, 774, 613 
22, 000, 588 
22, 436, 566 
21, 631, 948 
27, 453, 933 
34, 802, 826 



Year. 



Imports. Exports. 



Pesos. 
1857 34, 853, 338 

1859 43, 465, 679 

1860 43, 038, 910 

1862 41, 330, 293 

1877 58, 589, 165 

Dollars. 

1894 1 90, 790, 515 

1895 ! 71, 454, 378 

1899 ,75, 303, 612 

1900 70, 079, 214 

1901 ! 67, 743, 033 

1902 ! 62, 135, 464 

1903 i 67, 077, 676 

1904 i 77, 082, 100 



Pesos. 
32, 668, 118 
57, 447, 791 
42, 203, 005 
55, 462, 239 
66, 836, 204 



Dollar 
113, 168 
101,939: 
49, 698: 
51,342 
66, 502 
64, 948 
78, 486 
89, 012 



•s. 

,718 
,024 
,772 
,336 
169 
804 
,409 
,800 



Commerce in merchandise of tJie United States with Cuba from 1851 to 1904- 



Year ending June 30 — 



I Domestic ex- 
! ports from 
[United States 
1 to Cuba. 



Imports from Cuba into United States. 



Dutiable. 



Total. 



1851 . 
1852. 

1853 . 

1854 . 
1855. 
1856 . 
1857. 

1858 . 

1859 . 
1860. 
18M. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865 . 
1866. 
1867. 
1868 . 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 

1874 . 

1875 . 
1.S76 . 
1877 . 
187X. 

1879 . 

1880 . 

1881 . 
1882. 



239, 276 
808, 196 
773,419 
228, 116 
607, 119 
199, 035 
379, 582 
673, 167 
217, 268 
747, 913 
461,082 
071, 781 
707, 148 
203, 817 
847, 602 
994, 546 
171,835 
255, 843 
643, 955 
091, 662 
200, 496 
168,958 
231,039 
597, 981 
586, 658 
746, 058 
748, 003 
365,013 
294,329 
924,633 
999, 276 
775, 073 



1322, 154 
277, 870 
220, 875 
382, 529 
285, 392 

386. 102 
395, 051 
513, 332 
594, 675 
357, 887 
308, 815 
536, 745 
281, 713 
429, 826 
336,300 
295, 799 
382, 304 
259,441 
320,385 
148, 773 
211, 638 
251, 623 
409, 614 
721,854 
322, 778 
295, 864 
265, 682 

193. 103 
294; 933 
555, 627 
619, 390 
656, 042 



, 385, 759 
, 307, 746 
, 327, 288 
, 615, 252 
, 156, 460 
, 025, 646 
, 217, 911 
, 246, 839 
, 094, 915 
, 065, 873 
, 334, 038 
, 460, 684 
, 787, 452 
, 574, 707 
, 694, 056 
, 230, 200 
, 014, 222 
', 515, 263 
, 656, 106 
, 628, 335 
, 323, 287 
, 012, 792 
, 668, 111 
, 706, 243 
, 264, 939 
, 712, 002 
, 562, 713 
, 708, 229 
,354,723 
, 867, 391 
, 484, 014 
, 794, 610 



S16, 707 
17, 585: 
18,547: 
16, 997 
18, 441 
24, 411 
44, 612, 
22, 760: 
32, 689: 
32, 423 
30, 642 
28, 997, 
24, 069: 
87, 004 
30,030 
37, 525 
38,396 
40, 774 
56, 976 
53, 777: 
57, 634 
67, 264: 
77, 077, 
85, 428, 
04, 587 
56, 007 
65, 828 
56, 901 
68, 649 
65,428 
63, 003 
70, 450: 



,918 
,616 
,663 
,781 
,852 
,748 
,962 
,171 
,590 
,760 
,853 
,429 
,165 
,533 
,356 
,999 
,526 
,704 
,491 
,108 
,925 
,415 
,725 
,097 
,717 
,866 
,895 
,332 
, 656 
,018 
,404 
I 652 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



155 



Commerce in merchandise of tlie United States viith Cuba from 1851 to 1904 — Continued. 





Domestic ex- 
ports from 
United States 
to Cuba. 


Imports from Cuba into United States. 


Year ending June 30 — 


Free. 


Dutiable. 


Total. 


1883 '. 


114,567,918 

10, 562, 880 

8, 719, 195 

10, 020, 879 

10,138,930 

9,724,124 

11,297,198 

12, 669, 509 

11, 929, 605 

17,622,411 

23, 604, 094 

19,855,237 

12, 533, 260 

7, 312, 348 

7, 599, 757 

9,233,894 

17, 247, 952 

25,236,808 

24, 100, 453 

25,012,109 

20,140,132 

25, 810, 812 


$785,829 

1,484,638 

1,786,049 

1,765,751 

2,033,205 

2,066,379 

2, 405, 425 

2,761,711 

26,044,502 

66, 140, 835 

66, 049, 369 

67, 418, 289 

17,684,765 

2,074,763 

1,270,059 

276, 000 

1,031,713 

1,854,373 

2, 691, 587 

2,644,017 

3,114,807 

4, 378, 297 


$64, 758, 705 
55, 696, 859 
40,520,044 
49, 345, 029 
47,482,229 
47,252,708 
49, 725, 198 
51,039,880 
35, 669, 893 
11, 790, 836 
12,657,137 
8, 259, 972 
35,186,494 
37,942,967 
17, 136, 756 
14, 956, 477 
24, 377, 115 
29, 517, 331 
40,731,501 
32, 050, 667 
59,827,983 
72, 605, 121 


$65,544,534 
57,181,497 


1884 


1885 . 


42, 306, 093 
51,110,780 


1886 


1887 


49 515 434 


1888 , 


49, 319, 087 
52 130 623 


1889 


1890.. .. 


53,801,591 


1891 


61,714,395 


1892 


77,931,671 


1893 


78, 706, 506 


1894 


75,678,261 
52,871,259 


1895. 


1896 


40, 017, 730 


1897 


18, 406, 815 


1898 


15, 232, 477 


1899 


25,408,828 
31,371,704 
43, 423, 088 




1901 


1902 


34,694,684 
62 942,790 


1903 




76, 983, 418 







Summary of imports into Cuba, by classes of articles, during the calendar years 1899-1903. 



Article 



Earths, stones, etc., and manufactures of 

Stones and earths 

Shale, bitumen, etc 

"Glass and crystal 

Earthenware and porcelaift 

Metals and manufactures of: 

Gold, silver, and platinum 

Iron and steel 

Copper 

All other metals 

Chemicals, drugs, dyes, perfumeries, etc. 

Natural products 

Colors, paints, etc 

Chemical products 

Essences, oils, etc 

Fibers, and manufactures of: 

Cotton 

Vegetable fiber 

Wool, hair, etc -. 

Silk 

Paper, and manufactures of: 

Paper and pasteboard 

Books and prints 

Wood and other vegetable sub.stances: 

Wood 

All other 

Animals and animal products: 

Animals 

Hides and skins 

Manufactures 

Instruments, machinery, and apparatus: 

Instruments 

Machinery 

Apparatus 

Foods and drinks: 

Meats 

Fish .■ 

Breadstuffs 

Fruits 

Vegetables 

Beverages and oils 

Dairy products .■ 

All other 

Miscellaneous 

Articles free of duty: 

Specie 

All other articles 

Total 



$285, 246 
714, 052 
469, 530 
627, 991 

156, 207 

1,810,061 

266, 070 

428, 083 

248, 355 

331,073 

1,053,633 

1,267,372 

6, 237, 330 

2, 682, 366 

740, 453 

380, 285 

762, 878 
219, 037 

1,135,098 
102, 589 

12, 154, 267 

154, 971 

2, 906, 105 

137, 474 

1, 235, 164 

608, 948 

6, 457, 107 
974, 461 
6, 670, 004 
398, 064 
2, 261, 792 
4, 308, 142 
1,113,212 
2, 387, 540 
2,329,282 

8, 520, 501 
2, 768, 869 



a 276 
554 
636 

218 

2,596 

526 

434 

239 

279 

848 

1,196 

6, 116 
2,443 



835 
255; 

1,250, 
8O; 

8, 596, 

181 

1,906, 

233 

2, 122: 

894, 

7, 510, 
1, 134 
6, 352, 
424 
1,880 
3,763 
1,119 
3, 104, 
2, 562 

3, 420, 
4, 359: 



579, 
587 
502^ 

255 

3, 422 

259 

302 

233 

299 

1,032 

1,353 

6,109 

1,843 
618 
520 

892, 
244 

1,276 
98 

9,318 

197 

1,879; 

241 

2,642 

762 

7,308 
1,150 
7, 238, 
381 
2, 554 
3,362 
1,090 
2, 651 
1,829, 

1, 169 
3,224 



427 



$320, 773 
542, 882 



567 
504, 

251 
3, 172 

277, 
252 

250 

289: 

960 

1, 264 

5, 285 

2,141 

694 

592, 

939 
320 

1, 258 
142 

5, 897 

178, 

2, 109 

182, 

2,041 

950 

6, 806 
1,153 
6,510: 
320 
2, 307 
3, 29i: 
1,088, 
2,131 
1, 836 

1, 550 
3, 748: 



664 
623 

444; 

479. 

2, 720: 

330, 

186 

297 

349 

1,049 

1,413 

6, 317, 

2, 643 

609 

717 

950 
330, 

1,371 
190 

6,265 

311 

2, 505 



2, 773,401 
800, 600 



6,600 
1,057 
6,188 

295 
2,233 
2,935 

955 
1,536 
2, 014 

3,613 
4,760 



881 
823 
323 

990 
976 

278 
077 

029 
312 

074 
756 

740 
349 

977 
446 

491 
343 

198 
492 

193 

089 
970 



287 
982 
876 
482 
012 
716 
155 
070 
780 

245 



75, 303, 612 



67, 743, 033 



62, 135, 464 



07, 077, 670 



aMineral oil, crude, used in the manufacture of gas, is included in "Articles free of duty." 



156 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Summary of exports from Cuba, by classes of articles, during the calendar years 1899-1903. 



Article. 



Animals and animal products: 

Animals 

Hides and skins 

Products 

Sugar and molasses: 

Sugar 

Molasses 

Confectionery 

Fruits, grains, and vegetables: 

Fruits 

Grains and vegetables 

Fishery products: 

Tortoise shells 

Sponges 

Mineral products: 

Asphaltum 

Iron and copper ore 

Old metals 

Forest products: 

Vegetable fibers 

Wood 

Dyes and tanning materials. 
Tobacco: 

Unmanufactured 

Manufactures of 

Miscellaneous: 

Bee products 

Distilled products- 

Other articles 

Gold and silver 

Foreign exports 



18, 



Total 49,698,772 



16, 372 
253, 278 
42, 860 

642, 158 
261, 353 
9,098 

355, 579 

445, 608 

33, 820 
396, 844 

9,696 
506, 997 
46, 641 

61, 170 
966, 999 
31, 684 

, 927, 178 
, 157, 572 

250,005 
294, 206 
857, 610 
,631,434 
510, 610 



S3, 977 

237, 304 

59,242 

16,776,415 

581,277 

18, 839 

729, 779 
451, 925 

44,112 
450, 481 

18, 252 

642, 706 

21, 597 

173, 299 

1, 050, 322 

41,831 

13, 793, 783 
12, 294, 185 

418, 578 
227, 308 
384, 272 
2, 437, 652 
485, 200 



51,342,336 



14,594 

231,060 

74, 517 

30, 820, 191 

1,216,831 

15, 019 

999, 745 
442, 973 

49, 958 
478, 565 

50, 168 
905, 106 
66, 414 

114, 238 

1, 193, 224 

46,639 

12, 517, 111 
12, 810, 064 

459, 733 

206, 539 

42, 817 

3,223,789 

530, 874 



66, 502, 169 



S12, 584 

374, 482 

76, 780 

29, 994, 572 

651, 360 

16, 619 

1, 274, 596 
632, 010 

54, 615 
420, 843 

74,144 

1, 702, 143 

366, 288 

380, 926 

1,428,574 

65, 313 

12,652,468 
12, 751, 712 

681,350 
200, 973 
120, 180 
619, 146 
397, 126 



$64, 151 

276, 602 

59, 447 

40, 452, 191 

1,246,008 

20, 487 

2,231,273 
667, 751 

56, 374 
423,436 

34, 132 

1,672,562 

218, 196 

150,445 

2, 189, 562 

88, 664 

13, 255, 146 
12, 787, 173 

759, 302 
222, 269 
217, 373 
1, 225, 572 
168, 293 



78, 486, 409 



Imports into and exports from Cuba, by countries, during the years ending June 30, 1901 to 

1904- 



IMPORTS. 



Country. 


1901. 


1902. 


1903. 


1904. 


NOKTH AMERICA. 

United States . . . . 


r28, 561, 141 

161,225 

3, 243, 687 


128, 639, 331 

241,350 

3, 104, 200 


S25, 713, 667 

261, 523 

3, 260, 931 


S29, 513, 437 




418, 434 




1, 976, 315 
















Total 


31,966,053 


31,984,881 


29,236,121 


31, 908, 186 






CENTRAL AMERICA AND WEST INBIES. 

Central America: 

Honduras . 


134, 132 
39, 996 

4, 943 

1,314 

1, 132, 339 

128, 485 


158, 838 


390, 318 
76,793 

34, 232 

359 

521,011 

168, 147 


375, 988 






West Indies: 

British 


56, 774 


31, 931 


Dutch 






017, 704 
59, 768 


791,316 


All other 


137, 896 






Total 


1,441,209 


893,084 


1, 190, 860 


1,337,131 






SOUTH AMERICA. 

Argentina . 


517, 605 
46, 068 


702, 730 
32, 336 


198, 781 
78,285 


. 218, 419 




97, 798 


Chile 




Colombia 


965, 275 

170, OUO 

300, 800 

1, 387, 978 

1,926,766 


1,824,309 

87, 203 

168, 355 

1,006,079 

1,772,515 


876, 355 

130, 718 

231, 774 

1,763,814 

53, 922 


673, 544 


Ecuador 


131,759 


Peru 


33, 442 


Uruguay . 


1,771,282 


Venezuela . 


2, 235, 508 


All other 


37, 561 












Total 


5, 315, 182 


5,593,527 


3, 333, 649 


5,199,313 







HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



157 



Imports into and exports from Cuba, by anmtries, duriiuj llir years ending JuneoO, IVOl to 

i-W.;!— Continued. 



IMPORTS— Continued. 






Country. 


1901. 


1902. 


1903. 


1904. 


EUROPE. 

Germany 


S3, 403, 031 

2, 922, ,S29 

10, 208, 232 

9, 280, 949 

170,317 

110,903 

20f), 573 

328, 3311 

801 

380, 519 

196, 050 


Sf3, 456, 469 

3,054,347 

9, 723, 248 

9,584,689 

189, 228 

131,739 

288, 386 

309, 825 


$3, 724, 079 

3, 929, 168 

10, 023, 212 

9, 230, 967 

237, 102 

130, 3ti 

432, 671 

358, 511 

236 

288, 637 

183,158 


14, 642, 063 
5, 523, 736 
10, 743, 885 
12 494 6''3 




S|i;lin 


Uiii tod Kingdom 


Italy 


380, 919 
257 744 


Austria 


BelRiiim 


721 363 


Holland 


323 ll'-> 


Russia 


17 


Sweden and Norway. 


314, 523 
230, 789 


318 178 


All other '. 


225 78G 






Total 


27,208,537 


27,283,243 


28, 538, 137 


35, 631, 426 




OTHER COUNTRIES. 

British Africa 










Canary Islands 

Australia 


553 


173 


392 


2,490 


All other 


273,233 


307, 948 


321, 120 


413, 224 




Total 


273, 786 


308, 121 


321, 512 


415 714 








66, 264, 767 


66,062,856 


62,620,279 


74, 491, 770 





EXPORTS. 



NORTH AMERICA. 

United States 

Canada 

Mexico 

Other countries 

Total :. . . 

CENTRAL AMERICA AND WEST INDIES 

Central America: 

Honduras 

All other 

West Indies: 

British 

Dutch ... 

Porto Rico 

All other 

Total 

SOUTH AMERICA. 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Chile 

Colombia 

Ecuador 

Peru 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

All other 

Total 

EUROPE. 

Germany 

France 

Spain 

United Kingdom 

Italy 

Austria 

Belgium 

Holland 

Russia 

Sweden and Norway 

All other 

Total 



145,891,832 

453, 873 

79, 268 

2,269 



46, 426, 742 



769 
19, 609 

25, 587 

29, 445 

3, 145 

33, 950 



112,505 



301,805 

19, 481 

239, 895 

138, 971 

1,912 

31,331 

100, 503 

21, 030 

4,459 



859, 387 



0, 722, 494 

2, 116, 565 

579, 302 

5, 881, 219 

48, 413 

564, 323 

107, 062 

182, 709 

54, 850 

13, 023 

68, 662 



16,338,622 



57, 639, 378 

361, 563 

71,485 

1,704 



38,074,130 



975 
16-, 795 

25, 244 
32, 776 
10, 274 
22, 037 



108, 101 



231, 444 

26, 820 

170, 312 

130, 970 

1,341 

24, 506 

106, 290 

5,160 

9,667 



706, 510 



3, 939, 224 

2, .597, 974 

1, 322, 285 

5, 993, 530 

95, 561 

439, 198 

171,280 

190, 108 

64, 954 

70, 574 

53, 814 



62, 757, 845 

454, 877 

114, 626 

1,500 



63, 328, 848 



1,048 
13, 211 

66, 293 
62, 367 
7,312 
25, 386 



175, 617 



197, 618 

26, 856 

207, 767 

206, 486 

350 

28, 171 

91, 380 

2,959 

3,464 



765, 051 



3, 766, 061 

1,122,073 

1,681,624 

6,433,653 

206, 447 

181, 094 

85, 775 

155, 263 

71, 410 

8,769 

47,400 



14,938,502 13.7-59,569 



f 78, 198, 198 

519, 807 

91,437 

10, 189 



78, 819, 626 



2,169 

22,448 

30, 383 
76, 815 
31,862 
31, 885 



195, 562 



234, 156 

16, 958 

157, 778 

273, 348 

2,381 

37, 081 

96, 555 

6,116 

13, 483 



837, 856 



5, 144, 278 

1,188,263 

1,180,384 

5, 884, 835 

43, 545 

269, 345 

99, 250 

265, 907 

34, 097 

6,481 

101, 083 



14, 217, 468 



158 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



Imports into and exports from Cuba, by countries, during the years ending June 30, 1901 to 

1904 — Continued. 

EXPORTS— Continued. 



Country. 


1901. 


1902. 


1903. 


1904. 


OTHER COUNTRIES. 

British Africa 


$97,138 
56, 386 

317, 149 
37, 872 


S79, 889 
54, 418 

248, 897 
36,280 


$30, 788 
113, 981 
174, 330 
34, 458 


$25, 565 




98, 849 




157, 083 




46, 815 






Total 


508, 545 


419, 484 


353,557 


328, 312 








64, 245, 801 


54,246,727 


78,382,642 


94, 398, 824 







Imports into Cuba, by countries, free and dutiable, loitli total duties collected; also exports 
from Cuba, by countries, during the year ending June 30, 1904- 



Country. 



United States 

Argentina 

Canada 

Colombia 

Ecuador 

Honduras 

Mexico 

Porto Rico , 

Uruguay , 

Venezuela 

Germany , 

Austria 

Belgium 

Spain 

France , 

Holland , 

United Kingdom 

Italy , 

Sweden and Norway , 

Switzerland , 

British India 

Japan 

All other 



Total 



Free of duty. 



, 895, 036 



57, 904 

50, 251 

13 

355 

594, 359 

269, 993 



221, 972 

29, 235 

406 

1,510 

865, 651 

737, 967 

93 

202, 603 

4,390 

4,732 



81, 177 



11,017,647 



Dutiable. 



Total value of 
imports. 



S23, 618, 401 

218, 419 

360, 530 

623, 293 

131,746 

375, 633 

1,381,956 

521,323 

1,771,282 

2, 013, 536 

4, 612, 828 

257, 338 

719, 853 

8, 878, 234 

3, 785, 769 

323, 019 

12, 292, 020 

376, 529 

313, 446 

132, 385 

227, 050 

110,157 

429, 376 



63, 474, 123 



$29,513,437' 

218, 419 

418, 434 

673, 544 

131, 759 

375, 988 

1,976,315 

791, 316 

1,771,282 

2, 235, 508 

4, 642, 063 

267, 744 

721,363 

10, 743, 885 

5, 523, 736 

323, 112 

12, 494, 623 

380, 919 

318, 178 

132, 386 

227, 050 

110, 157 

510, 563 



74, 491, 770 



Total duties 
collected. 



Total exports. 



85, 749, 884 

76, 199 

49, 832 

79, 096 

31, 590 

49, 032 

264, 164 

322, 805 

739, 203 

262, 246 

1,232,841 

80, 616 

178, 117 

3, 147, 519 

1,112,184 

75, 821 

3, 422, 836 

90,017 

26, 278 

24, 746 

50, 080 

49, 319 

207, 664 



17, 322, 079 



78,198,193 

234, 156 

619, 807 

273, 348 

2,381 

2,169 

91, 437 

31,862 

96, 566 

6,116 

5, 144, 278 

269, 345 

99, 250 

1, 180, 384 

1,188,263 

265, 907 

5, 884, 835 

43, 645 

6,481 

3,545 

1,000 

395 

865, 572 



94,398,824 



The following tables give the figures of Cuban commerce with the 
principal foreign countries for the calendar years 1894 and 1895 and 
the calendar years 1900 to 1901, inclusive, as well as the imports, by 
countries, into (3uba during 1900-1904 of the principal articles of 
manufactures and food stuffs. As the reciprocity agreement with the 
United States went into effect December 27, 1903, these figures, 
especially those for the calendar j^ears 1903 and 1901, give some idea 
of the effect of preferential tariff' treatment on the trade of Cuba with 
this country and with the rest of the world. The years 1891 and 1895, 
by reason of the large sugar crops, are regarded as "Cuba's years of 
plenty." The year 1895 marks the beginning of the last war for 
Cuban independence. 

The figures for the years 1891 and 1895, as well as those for the years 
1900-1903, inclusive, are based upon the published trade returns of 
the Cuban Government, while the figures for the calendar year 1904 




LA FUERZA WATCHTOWER. 



HANDBUUK OF CUBA. 



159 



are provisional data received from the statistical office of tlxC Cuban 
treasury department. Figures for the calendar year 1900 are taken 
from the Monthly Summary of the Island of Cuba, as compiled by 
the Division of Insular AflFairs, United States War Department. 
Owing to the difference of classification followed by the Division of 
Insular Affairs, the figures for 1900 are not exactly comparable with 
those published by the statistical office of the Cuban treasury depart- 
ment for later years, though in most cases the single items are the 
same. All the figures given show the movement of merchandise 
proper, exclusive of specie. 

Summary of foreign trade of Cuba for the calendar years 1894, 1895, and 1900 to 1904, 

inclusive. 

[Merchandise only, exclusive of specie.] 



Calendar year. 



Imports. 



Exports. 



Balance of 
trade. 



Total trade. 



1894 
1895 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 



176,571,800 
55, 857, 600 
66, 658, 600 
66, 584, 000 
60, 584, 800 
63, 464, 500 
77, 082, 100 



$99, 456, 400 
100, 456, 300 
48,904,700 
63, 278, 400 
64, 329, 600 
77, 260, 800 
89, 012, 800 



+$22, 884, 600 
+ 44,598,700 

- 17,753,900 

- 3, 305, 600 
+ 3, 744, 800 
+ 13,796,300 
+ 11,930,700 



$176, 028, 200 
156, 313, 900 
115, 563, 300 
129, 862, 400 
124, 914, 400 
140, 725, 300 
166,094,900 



160 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 





«-( 


lO -^ CD ut' lO 


CD 


(Ml> 





1 




gS-s' 


C-icDcitOiO 


'^i CO 














"^ 



















o 




00000 


00 





en 




ooooc 









oi 




















c^T-^'^r^co"'^ 


CD OCO 


(M 




"3 


^ 00 (M C<1 


GO IJ^ CD 


CO 




I> CDI> (M 


CD Tf »0 















iMCSlOJiOTf 


C<I 


t- 










I> 






f^ 








^, Or-f 


lOOCO^CC 


OiO 







Oi+^ffl 


oi> -^COIO 


CO CO 







^gO 


Tt<rH,-< 







CO 



















o 




00000 


00 





o> 




00000 









(D 


rHCOiOOO 




in 




5 










MCTiM!M(N 


1> (N^ 






"3 
> 


Cn rH -Mt^ 


CO Oi(N 


CO 




t~ l^ .-H OS « 


CO coco 


-;t< 












lO CTs COCO 


00 1-1 








IMi-H 




CO 






m 








^. od 


CD I-* t^ tH 


lO CDTi< 







(D -*-' ^ 


.-HlCiC COIC 


CO <N 







^§2 


rJHrHi-^ 







§ 













00000 


00 





en 




00000 


00 











COTf 


00 
















coo^^cS^ 


Oi CDI> 


-* 




"3 
> 


i*iO'3<.-H-* 


ioi> 






c-i 10 


<M lOlM 


lO 












iCOOCO CO 


OO" rH 













CO 






aa 








s|3 


<N COCOfM^ 


OS diC 







C^i -# T|i lO -3< 


CO IN 







^g| 




'"' 





g 













00000 


00 





55 




00000 


00 





r-t 


oi 


cO!Ot~cnco 


r- coco 







p 










00 OJ oo>ra >* 


-^00 


^ 




'3 
> 


!>• CD 0^ Oi ^ 


I^ (M 


00 




O^Crt^ '^ Cr 


Ol TfCO 


in 












00 OS COC<J 




CO 










CO 






^ 








u'^'d 


00 t^ •£> CD 


CO .H-* 







(D +J ^ 


COiO-q5-^l^ 


CO M 





O 

o 


0^ 




tH 







OOOOC 


00 





02 




00000 


00 







OJ 


OCOI^OOCC 


moi 


CD 




p 










co"co~u:rc4'i> 


CO 050 


00 




"3 
> 


t^ COlC OOCD 


00 asco 


in 




I-* -^i> cnc^ 


CO cool 


CO 












oTo'oTim'o- 


T-H 


CO 






<M i-H 




CO 






<» 








4H 

M Ors 


iOiO-*incc 


CO t~(N 







S+^^ 


^"^l> rHT- 


i> oi 







^Sl 


(NrHTji 




















ooooc 


00 





00 




ooooc 


00 







OJ 


T}(OC01>t~ 


(M t^cc 


CO 






oot^oocT.- 


00" o"co 


I> 






cDOcooo a> cnrH 


in 




03 


COrHlOOOO- 


.-1 TfiH 


00 




co"odco" 


TlT T-T 


in 






>-l (M 




in 






^ 








^ °d 


I> 0^ COODO- 


CO OiH 







d) -4-^ * 


00 oi cd' tH T- 


CO oi 


CJ 




^gl 









■* 























ooooc 


c> 00 





00 




00000 oc 







QJ 




OiCC 






3 










CT>05co^r~ i> t>a- 






"3 

> 


OOOICOCDC^ CD iCCQ 






iC 00 OOCO^ 


1^ lOi-H 


in 












Orarr^r-Ti-f TJH rH 


CO 






(M C-5 




1> 






^ 




















i 


i 














































Ol 


0) 






















4^ 


+J 


















































a 


























































_Q 












<v 


0) 










*tH 












ountr: 
cified 
ountri 
cifled 

,ri PS _ _ 











s 


c 












Q 


si 






OJ o-i 


3 








M* 


ci a;. o3 4) C 









t:3 Q. 


t^ a> ^ ^ 


t-l 






S^.SS£ 


•E <u 0,0) t. 








"3 £ is £ 


a^a^f 










c 


a 


c 


f^ 


<! 


w 


c 




1 



i:^i>coin 


T-l 


cn 


com 





1 




,_, 






00 








00000 





00 














































































4© 








i>ini>-cnin 


<N 


.-i-# 













I> 









00000 



















IC 


^0 




























oin<Ncoi-( 


CO 


00 CO 


(M 


























cnocoiNO 




coco 









^ * 





I> 









00000 





oc 


• 














l^I> 




























■^0000^0 




oc<: 




























¥^ 








cncooi>c-) 


C~l 


t~00 









^ * 












00000 




00 



















"^ 




























Tj 


est 












00 lO -^1- 








s 








ojt-i rococo 


t- 


CO T-l 






















00000 

















COI> CO 00 c- 

















coi>omi> 




l>C 


^:*H 










(N '^f 00 mc< 


CO 


t^ir: 


cn 


































00 CO CO CD 09 


Tt^ 


00 











Q 








^ 


00000 





00 


Q 






























ini- 




































^ 








mini> cocT 


OC 


00 











Q 








2 


ooooc 


c 


00 



















tp 
























oin coio c 






-^ 












































6 


i 






































0) 


01 


















4J 


4j 








































c 


G 


















O) 






































§1 


'-"r3 












c 


u ^ 










a 


C m p 


■"3 


*4^ 


w' 


oj n 


o3 OJ ? 





-«« '3?- 


t. 


OJ S. =- 
ftOi [^ 
OJ3 0) 


H 


a£g.Sg 


ais 


3^5 






C 


a 


'C 


li 


< 


w 







' 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



161 



C-l 00 Tt< O O rH Ol CO 
i O O C-i CO iC Ti- rH 

-> to CO 



H OS Oi CT) O lO CO CO 



+ I ++ I ++ 



oooooooo 
oooooooo 
en lO o c^i CO CO ^ I-- 



oc:^o-rcftcc'-o'-7t* 

»C CO CT) ^ O CO ^ 



-f I ++ I +4- 



oooooooo 
oooooooo 

OiOOCOOOCOC^J-TJ 



xiococooa:'Oi^ 

'^ OS L-^ O O -^O t^ -^ 



OOOOOOOO 
OOOOOOOO 
OSiOOi-HOOGOiO 



cooooooor-ior- 

CI lO CO lO Oi l~^ 



Oo6lOC^i:OCOt^Tt^ 

rH'MXl'^JDO^iOiOCO 

C^ i-H 1— I CO 

+ 4- l' + -i- + + + 






OOOOOOOO 
OOOOOOOO 



(MiOCOO^OOi'MCO 

oi cS CO CO oi ^ 
+ +7+4- + + + 



oooooooo 

OOOOOOOO 
OI>COOOi-liOr-iCO 



<M'*1-^COt:HCOOCO 
■^OOOCSC^OOlOtD 



(M C^ OS lO Tt^ Oi C-1 



OOOfOOOOO 
OOOOiOOOO 



COasCOOCN'-OiOiM 
lOCOOOCO'^r^iOrH 






CP Ol 






q oj 



OJ U CD " 

o'C P-s-< 
C oj o a> 

■^ P o3 !r! 1^ a « -^ 



159 a— 05 11 









IC W C'l CO X CO iH t^ 

-*' o t-I ^i t-^ i4 c4 -)<' 

rH X) en I-* iH OiC-i 
C^ lO IM '^ GO 

I + I + I +++ 



oooooooo 
oooooooo 



ri 'M t^ •* o ao I- — r 

COiO'XiI>'COCO'X>C^l 
'X) CO lO CO C^I (TJ 1:0 -rf 

oT-iriCco 

?+ I + I 4- + + 



oooooooo 
oooooooo 

OlCOCOCOCOOIiM 



:OC-IrH(N00COC0'XJ 

■xjococoocniot- 
■^cnc^oocDt^Tf 



-*iO -^i-Ht 



oooooooo 
oooooooo 

00 CO C^ <M O O CO lO 



l-^OOOCOOiiOiOi-H 
OliOi-HiOOOiCCOUTi 
O lO CO O CI '^ 



^00 rH .-! 



ai:ccorHc»6o-t^"ic 

CO IlO O C-t CO CO ^ o 



oooooooo 
oooooooo 
■X) It- 1-^ .-I 'rjH CO *^ i> 



coc-i— tioc^oooias 

OiCgO!NCOtJ"05'^ 



-+ 1 4-4- + 4-- 



00000000 
oooooooo 

OI^-OOOrHiCt-HCO 



(N-^r^co-^ooco 

"^QOOM(MOOUt)CD 

i^-cor-0(M<y3-^io 



(M (N O^i urt) Tf OS c^ 



OOOOOOOO 
OOOOOOOO 



OOt^O^iOO'— 'OOOCO 
tDOOOOOiOii-H 



M 



^.-a 






0) (D 



C C oi 

o oH 

a • * 03 o 

S OJ O O) '^ 

=i .g a pi <p o 2 

0) c3 t! 03 a t| ,i5 



162 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



CO o oi Tf^ o c^ c ' 



O l^ fXi t-- r*T-H rfi lO 

^ iC O Oi CO CO 



oooooooo 

00C30O000 
OCOtNiOrfCOtM'M 

cd'go' ci" CC^TjT GO 00 co" 
t^00-rt^C003C0OC0 



3 COi-H r-ti-H 



rj* ,-1 



+ ! ! I i + ' + 



OOOOOOOO 

oooooooo 



'^(MrH'MGC'COCOO 

cDococooaaoc^ 

■^CT>I>OOOI>-Tj< 






: iC O O O O If:. LO o 
I-^ »C lO iC ini^ c^ o 

t> C^ 05 CC CO CO rH QO 
oil ----^--.^ 

r-! 1 o Oi 00 CO CO th oi «:; 

JI I ^ CO CO Tt< im>- rH lO 

■^1 i> o^J^-^^^ c^c^ 



+ I M I + I + 

oooooooo 
o-ooooooo 

O lO O CO CO CO C^I C-i 
(^ (m" rH~ C4" go" CO CO '•jD 

coococooa30i> 

■T01>-OOCOI>--^ 



oooooooo 
oooooooo 

'^00fMXJl>iOT'O 



OiOCOOC^I'^'— 00 

ooot-r-coiO'-'CO 

OiOtMcOi-lOOOCO 



OCDrHiOrH r 



lO O O O O lO iC o 
C^ lO lO VO iC CN C-J O 

<MI:^OSi— tcOOiCO'^ 

iC I— < a> I— I 1— I r-i C^r CTi 
OI'^CDOOX'C-JCI.-I 
l-^OOJ^-'M'rr'OTj* 



Oi'Tj'iOOiCiHTfiC 

Jr>coGOiO':oaico 



OrH'^Tj<00(M00O 
- C^ CO CO Tj^ CO -:)5 



eg (U 
CD ^ 
^-1 o 



oooooooo 

OOOOOOOO 
O^-Oif-tOOr-iOi-ll^ 



OO-^-Tt^i-liMaiCOOO 
COCOOlOiO-^iOCO 
OOOlOr-lOOCOtOC^ 






^ > 



iCOOiOOOOiO 
l>''OOC<IOiOirDiM 
I-^TfiMO^t^-^OOi 

r-rco"o o't^ot^c^r 

OiOCCCMOOOCOt-- 
'XH-^C^IOOCOGOOI 



+ + + + 4-4- + + 



oooooooo 

OOOOOOOO 
OI>y3COT-HiCi-ICO 



tt<ooo<:mc^ooiO'X> 

I>OI>0(N«3-^iO 



(M (N OluO '^ O (M 



OOOOOOOO 
OOOOOOOO 
iHODiOOOiCOCO 

CO oTco" of ci" t-^ c4~ Tt" 

Oaif-H(Mt^COOM 
i:^I>rHO5COCO00C0 

ic'cTaTco'co Gc i-T 



oooooooo 
oo 

— f CO 

o'co' 






o> o o o o o 

O l^ 'X^ 00 T-H iCi 

(M -^ t^CO ■+"o _ . 
"^ 00 O OI <>J GO lO c 
I-- O t^ O (M WD ^ I 

c-f of oT io~"^' oT (m" 



iCOOtOOOOiO 
iMOOI>-OiOi01>- 

CNCO-TPrHTPOOCO 

cTr-rt-^coi^crcfo'cr 

lO X 1> O lO O o o 
OO-J^iOrHCOiOiM 

t^ oT of CO*" CO oT 1-H 


















. 0) OJ 



0) *- 






' o oi 
. o3 a q 

O) ^ OJ o 



g a c cu p <u 



,01 



o oU 

O O Q 

c a g 

■ p a> =^ iJ " 

s .3 a c <D p » 

^ o3 Jr; cS a ^A 



HANDBOOK OV CUBA. 



163 







^0(NCOC~r 


H 


iH Tfl 01 


^ c 


3 1 COCOrH 





rHrtO 


c 


3 M e>l rH 03 C< 


3 






(H -w 


-^ 10 00 06 





CO 00 (Mr- 


H c 


i \ O' 00 rH 





cdc:3c< 


c 


3 r-i O' OJ O' U 


3 






0) c 
Oh Oi 

q 


i-H lO T~i 





^ <M rH r- 


H c 


3 1 -no 







H C 


3 CO rH 







s 


























oooooc 


I 0" 


oooc 


D c 


3 000 





oo~- 


i c 


3 000 C 


3 








oopooc 




■ OOOC 


3 C 


3 000 






3 C 


3 OOOOC 


3 






QJ 


10 lO l-^ I> C3 




lOCOCnc 




C^l 10 05 






3 


1(3 00 00 ri c 


1 






3 


























00 00 03 CO c 




01 lO lO c 


3 


r cq 02C0 


m 


-fcM- 


f" C 


3' CO"cOC^rcDC 








"3 
> 






1> 00 rH c 




O-cHCO 


00 






H C-I 03 Ti^ rH r 


H 03 






CO«-3< tOiOC 


M iH 


COC^iTji- 


H 


f COl- 


03 


o?io 


3 r 


.0 ^ 01 r 


H Oi 






nT r-T 


00" 


'"' 




i rn'rH" 


c-r 


c-f 


C 


^ '"' 


'^ 








<N (MlOC<10>C 


5 


CO(MOi^ 


5 C 


5 OCOl^ 





CO 00 CI 


3 C 


3 CO PI -I* 03 a 


-1 






t^ CO CO 00 (M* C 


4 


CO rH C.i 


i c 


:J t^ rH rH 


o' 


cdrHr 


H C 


3' IC 0" 03 (X) If 


3 






10 M 





Tj<COrHr 




2 CO CO 







H C 


3 t^ ^ ^^ 






§ 




1-1 
















rH 






oooooc 


5 


OOOC 


5 c 


3 000 


^ 


ooc 


3 C 


3 C50 OC 


3 




03 




oooooc 


2 ^ 


OOOC 


2 C 


3 000 




OOC 




3 OOOOC 


3 




^ 


6 


r-1 i^ 01 rH -^t^ *■ 


fi r^ 


rfi CO Tfi C 




t> COO-H 


I> 


03 coir 


:■ c 


3 rH Cl CO CO 3 








S 


























CO Oi 03 lO Ci r- 


H l^ 


coajco c£ 


5 C 


3 -cr OOC 


CO 


I^ CO c 


3 c 


1 O] lO^t^CO^-r 


^ CO 






"3 
> 


lO '^ i-( l-H -* C 


3 1-1 




3 C 


■1 lOOO) 


00 


l^ 1^ 1~ 




1 K3io-(< T^^ 


-f 






CO r-^ 


-( CO 


r-IOOCOC< 


5 ^ 


OC-^ 


C-I 


t^cic 


■1 c 


3 rH CO S C-l T- 


H CO 






CO 


rH 


c 


-1 rH 


M 


^ 


^ 


r rH" 


cf 








-Tt< 10 VC lO r- 


H 


I>^rHO< 


D C 


3 ffiCOOO 





rH-#if 


3 C 


3 Tf-frH 03!3 


I 






|1h g 


I> T}^o6l>C 


q 0" 


^^060 


i c 


i coio ■ 





(MTjip 


3 C 


3 IC 03 t-r t- 


- 




im' 


ira (N 





>OM rH 




2 coco 





CO r- 


H C 


3 CO rH 































o 




oooooc 




OOOC 


> c 


3 000 





00 C 




3 OOOOC 






03 




oooooc 




OOOC 


3 c 


3 000 





OOC 




3 OOOOC 






'"' 





iH^iOCOOOO 


[ ^. 


rHrHOCi 








Ot^O 


) 


3 03 lO rH O) CJ: 


3 






rH T-H co'aroTy: 




OO'cTrHOt 


5" c: 


3- rn'r-Toi" 


co' 






H rJ^r-'rH^rt^' O 








"3 
> 


OOTt<iO00C 


> 


lOQOOOt-- 


c 


3 C-1 rHrH 




03 CO T- 




rH 00 ir3 CO If 








^ I> 01 ^ '^ r- 
1^ - 




CO CO lOO 


1 c 


J CO CJ 


00 


C-1 c- 


J If 


3 T-* ^^ T~1 C-i ^ 


H rH 






IM i-H 


lo' 


^ 




3" rH 


'"' 


'~*^ 


*" 


H rH 


of 






0) cl 


rH CO rHt> CO ir 


b 


^ OS 000 


3 c 


3 t~OJrt< 





CO 000 


3 C 


3 -T(<rHI>-f<-1 


H 






CO m T|5 oi (N c» 


i 


oit^odc^ 


j c 


3 I--^ rH * 


Q 


rHCO-5 


f C 


3 CO t^ I> H C£ 


3 C3 








lO OJ 







H C 


J (MI^ 






c 


3 CO rH 







tH 

o 




'"' 








"^ 














OOOOOC 





OOOC 




3 000 





ooc 


3 C 


3 OOOOC 


3 






OOOOOC 




OOOC 




3 000 







3 C 




3 




OJ 


00CO?N IM IOC 





C-l uOiO C 




OOTt<Hj< 


CO 






•^ r- GC. CJ3 








pj 




























10 CO CO CO c~ cr 


en 


COOOJt) 


c- 


l^O-)rf< 


'Ct^ 


X' c 


r- 


T^ If^^C-rt-^cfr- 









■3 


OsiOlOO^ COT 





c~coor- 




1 COrH 


00 


t^ Tfl CC 




3 tSocOOj!^ 


03 






^(MOJiCCOr- 


'"' 


COIMCOTl 


-cd 


< Tt( M 






■^ 


1 rHOq rH(M r- 


H J> 








CO r-T 


CO 


c-f 




'"^ 


"^ 


'"' 


"" 


h" r-T 


r-T 




1 


Sc' 


OlOCOCOC^OC 





QOCOOCT 


c 


3 rHOOrH 





(Moot 


> c 


3 rf<l>Oif3^ 


< 






Co' C(D lO O' CO 1- 





igcotd-i 


c 


3 CTJoir-i 





COOJTJ 


c 


3 (M CD CO C-i If 


3 <3 






ang 


-3^ i-H (M 





CO c^ 


c 


rHI> 





OS 


c 


3 1> rH 







o 

o 




• *"* 






H 


T-i 














OOOOOC 





OOOC 




000 


^ 


C3 OC 


c 


3 OOOOC 







o> 




OOOOOC 





OOOC 












3 OOOOC 







rH 


OJ 


r^-ct^ ooc-i coi> 


tH 


CO i-^t^u- 








UDiOr- 




03 03 -^ Cf 


lO 






3 

"3 
> 


Sf;£'-fcx'^Q03 


CO 


r^txTco'c:: 


C£ 


lo'cfoo 


CD 


lC"o"c^ 





iT-^rt^tM^r-To: 


-cj^" 






<M oi -^ic a 


rH 


t^lO^J" r- 


a 


COOrH 


lO 


COCO I> 


V 


iC rt< t^ (> 









gcncococo_ 


""1 


lOlOrHr- 


a- 


CO-cfl 


r~ 


'd^ 


•r 


00 COr- 


^ 








C^r r-T 


co" 


*"* 


0. 


rH 


'"' 


'"' 


"" 


r-^ 


IM 
























0) 
































































'3 

0) 
















































5 

el 

1 

a 

03 


















g. 






























03 

ca 

03 























































03 

























u 


















c 






















s 
































































'C3 









































OJ 






















Ol 








cS 
















2 


















-i 






















0. 
























^ 
















































<V 
















■< 









































03 








_"3 
































c3 






























c" 



































P! 






















S: 








03 


























a 













_a 








a 




» 




0) 




d 




c 








d 










■Ss.s 













4H a; 2 







'tr' "^ 


s 







not el 
States 
ritain 
ountri 




5s.s 




T 
c 











-nirfactu: 
United 
Great B 
Germar 
France 
Spain . 
Other c 


c3 


3««i^ 


■;:; 


.^'O ■" 


cC 


>;'a«" 





= -««§ 


03 


3 









ifact 
nite 
reat 
erm 
ther 





1^.ss 


+H 



SS^S; 


oatia.cs 






H 


H 


Dots a 
Uni 
Spa 
0th 


^ 


•ScSS 


nufa 
Uni 
Gre; 
Ger 
Spa 
Oth 








gi^OOO 






■gl^OO 










05 




OS 






CS 




cS 








§ 
















S 










m 












g 








S 

















164 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 







CO 




00 O OS 


o 


(M OS 


3S 


O 


l~- 


rt* OS 


O 


-*<r-05 


o 


1 




. +i 


: 1 


to CO in 


^ 


c5o6i> 


O 


COCOOi 


o 


PS"=^' 


c5 


rH 


O 




o)co 


° 




o 


lOCOrH 


'"■' 


L^ !M 


'"' 




o : 


OOO 


o 


ooo 


o 


ooo 


o 


OOO 


o 






OOO 


o 


O O CZ> 


o 




o 


2'?<? 




QJ 


CM • 


C^OCO 


s 


,Ht--Cl< 




CD CO rH 


o 


OS CO CO 


o 







od" • 


csTcd'o" 


!>" 


i^^ir^od" 


CO 


o'co'co" 


t-" 


OrHOs' 


c-f 




"3 


c5 ■ 




CO 


OOS OS 


o 


l~-OSrH 


r- 


rf, OS 


■H^ 




■^ < 


■^otS 


CO 


00 rH 


rH 


Tfl(N rH 


00 


C~l 


CO 




> 


m ; 




T-T 




rH 














iO(N toi>o 


o 


C-ClrH 


O 


OS (M OS 


o 


rHCO CO 


o 






■^ -^ lO l-H Tt< 


o 


cdi-^co 


^ 


^00 CO 


o 


E:i^^ 


o 


1 


Cq IMi-IM 


o 




° 


lOOJrH 


o 


t^C^I 


o 


o 




o o oo o 


o 


OOO 


a 


OOO 


o 


OO 


o 






o o o o o 


o 


OOO 








^5'^ 




rH 


a5 


00 CO CD CO C-.' 


(N 


t~rH^ 


ca 


rHOOrH 


o 


CO 'Ct^ rH 


CO 






orio^co"co"(>r 


^ 


lOiiiTr^ 


co" 


lO^rH^ro 


o' 


co'oroo" 


co^ 








o 


-Ct^ 1-H O 


CD 


coi>o 




1^ CO 


2 




o3 


CO CO (M 5 


CO 


"^ rH 1-1 




COrH rH 


CO 


7-< 


(M 




K- 


€» 






O 














OQ0-* CO :n 


o 


COTfCO 


CD rHCO 


o 


lO CO t^ 


o 




0) pi 


VO cx3 CO lO ^" 


o 


cdoSTti 


O 


id COCO 


o 


cdoo-* 


CJ 


1 


(M ,-,1-1 CO 


o 

rH 


COrH rH 


O 


-Jdv rt<COrH 


o 




o 
o 




o o o o o 


~ ~o 


OOO 


o 


OOO 


o 


SS2 






CJO o o o 




OOO 




e==s 




OOO 


o 




OJ 


00C»iO o t> 




OSrH lO 


lO 


I> rH O 


CO 


■^ T !>• 


lO 




s 


cfc^f^TcTcs 


QCT 


ooo^t^ 


CO 


co'ctTo 


lO" 


r-'o'co' 


rH 




"3 


Ol ^ r-J CO ^ 


00 


OOJOO 




(NiOCO 




OCO (M 


CO 




CO(N <M -rt^ 


IM 


Ti<rH 




COOJ rH 


i^ 




r-i 




> 


9? 




















.0000 c^o 


o 


COOOOi 


o 


t^ t^CO 


o 


rHOOrH 


o 






CO !>■ lO CO t^ 


Q 


VOOCO 


CJ 


COI> 00 


o 


cdooid 


O 


o 


(N tH i-H CO 


o 


CO T-i 


o 


lOC^ rH 


o 


CO c^ 


° 




o oo oo 


o 


OOO 


o 


OOO 


o 


OOO 


o 






o ooo o 


o 




o 




o 


°S'^ 


o 




QJ 


O CD 00 i-l(M 


c- 




(>) 


irt. t~^ 




rHCOrH 






_2 


otf r- CO c<i OS 


Q- 


co'ioo" 


Tt<" 


od'o^'c^" 


C3 


of coos' 


nT 




"3 




CC 


Cq LO IC 


CO 


"MCOrH 




IM in 






CO iH T-H CO 




CNrH 


-d^ 


COrH rH 


o 


r-i 






l> 


^ 




















^ 


^^ 


^ 














OtMCO(M-* 


o 


CDOOCD 


o 


CO(M(N 


o 


c-j ooo 


o 




o 


CD C^" (N Tt^' IC 


s 


rHc4id 


o 


OS c^i 00 


o 


ojcDt- 


o 


O 

o 


(NC-l rHCO 


o 

rH 


OS 


o 


TfCO rH 


s 


t^Ol 


o 




O O O O O 


~'o 


OOO 


o 


OOO 


o 


ooo 


o 






OOOOO 


C) 


OOO 


o 


OOO 


(O 


o o <o 


o 


tH 


OJ 


I> CO O^ t^ Oi 


lO 


(NrHOS 


CC 


CO<MiO 


o 


O lO CO 


r^ 







oTco^ccToi CD 


05 


■ej^c^'o: 


o 


co"^"!^ 


00 


odo'co 


lO" 




"3 


00^ CO t^iO 




0>rt(M 


CO 


OCO-;t< 










(NOlrHCO 


1- 


CO 


-cti 


T)i(NrH 


a 


(M 


CO 




> 


^ 


















6 




















































































'G 




















































































"S 














cc 




























:3 














0) 




























o 














■^ 




























o 














<x> 




























'C 










































C 














•^ 




























oS 














.23 




























0) 














ctf 




























"p 
























































03 




























Ui 


o 






































<] 


s 

^ 












:S 
















>> 
























1 








^• 






















o 




















O 
O 








a 














03 








c 




50 ^ 


C 










3 




c 
















T 

c 








°'| 






a||£ 










asg- 




c 


■ 


"SS'C E 




s-H 


c 












■OtI S oj 


c 




!»-d«^ 


5 


Smgc 


■- 


o3 






iper, an 
Unites 
Germi 
Franc 
Spain 

nth or 


^ OJ+i F- 


HJ 4^ a p. 




g (PH^ f: 








c 


oj-is ce a 


c 


2 03 el a 


c 


H^-M eS a 


o 






.a-S££ 


h 




^ 


Sdgf 


H 






) 


|POC 




gOfx<C 
03 


■> 


;h 
io 








1 S 












s 








S 








< 








1 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



165 







to GO to 


o 


cr- T-i 


o 


1^ CO 


o 


rH 1~ 1~ -f 1-H 


O 


X CI 


o 


CI -^ -J^ 


O 


















^ 




^ 


-vj l^ 


^ 












IC CO rH 






















o 




^ 


P-i a> 
o 
























rH 
















^ 


ooooo 














































(U 






Oi o 


a> 




lO 


CI f-H CO O CO 


C-I 


ClTfl 


CO 


CI -1< CI 

























iC 




CO 




^ 






03 


























































> 






























^^ 


CO 


c^ 


(N 












'"' 




'"' 














b 


ICIC 


o 




o 


lOOiC 










































CD Ci 

o 
























































CO 
























'"' 




















o 












































Ol 




en 




^ 




C) 








Ol 




-r 






s 








CO 


iO>C 


Q 




^0 




iC 




^^ 






'3 


























































> 


^'^ 


co" 


of 


^" 




op 




of 


^ 


c-f 




r-T 










o 


« M 


o 


•^ -)< 


o 




o 


rH CO^-- 


o 




o 




































P.g 










































COCOrH 


o 












o 




*"* 












*"* 




1-H 




rH 






ooo 


o 


oo 


o 


oo 


o 
















































tu 














1.^ rH OT IN rH 


o 


-f Cn-cf 




cocoas 


o 










o 


CO CO 


J^ 












■^'~ 










03 
> 














00 ^ CO o c-t 








looo;^ 








'"l^L'^^ 


■"1 




'^i 


'~l 










t^ 


OCl rH 


^ 






©^ 














(N 


rH 


"^ 


'"' 


r~i 






0) n 


OOOCN 


o 


CTirH 


o 


®^ 


o 


(MiHOrHCO 


o 


COCDC£ 


o 


. »C OiCO 


O 






COTt(t~ 


o 


cn 


o 


03 


o 


i-HOiCOCO 


o 














flHg 








o 


en 


o 


TjlcOrHrH 


o 












O 




'"' 
















r-i 




rH 






OOO 


o 


oo 


o 


oo 


o 


OOOOO 


o 


ooc 


^ 










































CO CO lO 


















CO 


OlCOrH 


CO 

































































cS 




































T— 1 






O r~ 00 C-) rH 


lO 


iCCO 


OS 


rH lO 








^-^ 


co" 


c-i 


(M 


CO 


CO 


^ 


C) 


r-i 


■-^ 


rH 


'-' 








ocor- 


o 


Oli-H 


o 


1-CO 


o 


iOlC(M-:r-t< 


o 


OL-C- 


o 


COOJiO 


o 






OaoOM 


o 


05 


o 


oi 


o 




^ 














H.g 










O) 


o 


Tt<<MrHrH 






























'"' 












































ooo 


o 


oo 


o 


oo 


o 


OOOOO 


o 












































cu 










CO 1-1 






"cr 


i—< T-i r- 


CO 


rH-JDOS 


CO 








-*iolr~ 


,_j 


I^OI 


OS 




(M 




tH 














03 








ri« 
































l>10M(M 


00 


^COt- 


■Tf 


CI CD 








































g 














'"' 


r-i 


(N 


'"' 


'"' 





o3 a 2 






£1 



•S'S 



riJUJO 



H o3 



if3a|£5 

60 

> 



'. ce 



a> P C u S 
^ oca; n o 






106 



HANDBOOK OE^ CUBA. 




HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



167 






o o o o o o 

O O O CJ o o 
t^ '^ lO lO O lO 

otTaT oT t-' i-^co 

CO iC l-^ '^ CO .-1 
O I-- 1-^ <X) (M lO 

rHCo'c^fr-T iC 



<£) ITS i-H lO CO O 
>0 I^ r-i 00 rH 10 



OOOOO O 

oooooo 

CC r-1 CM iC '-O 00 



O CO 't' CO cs -^ 



oooooo 



i> Tj< O O I> rt* 



rH tJH O 00 O 1~- 
00 1> CN lO rH lO 



OOOOOO 
000C5CZ)0 

■^ CO 00 Tf lO o 

icTt-TiCi^ co"ir:r 
CO ai -* -,o -r i-^ 

iH CO O '^ (M Cr> 



O O t^ i-H CO O 

oi r-^ c^ -^ * CO 



OOOOOO 
OOOOOO 



C^ O CO CO tC C-l 

00 c^ CO ir:> -^ CO 

lC' CO C^l O i-H OJ 



X3 'M 5 QJ ^ 

+^ .5 03 5 C <1> 
•g 03 0) JH 03 ^ 



168 HANDBOOK OB^ CUBA. 

CUSTOMS TARIFF. 
PREFATORY NOTE. 

During the temporary government of Cuba by the United States 
authorities a customs tai'iff was arranged and put into operation, to 
take the place of the previous Spanish-Cuban tariff of 1897. This 
United States-Cuban tariff was first promulgated by President McKin- 
ley on December 13, 1898, and in 1899 various changes and improve- 
ments were wrought in the document, so that in its perfected form it 
was finally promulgated by the same authority on March 31, 1900, and 
went into force on June 15, 1900. 

On resuming full control of their Republic in May, 1902, the Cubans 
decided to continue the tariff of 1900 in force, and it is still the tariff' 
law of Cuba. Various modifications and changes as to certain details, 
however, have been made from time to time by the customs authori- 
ties, all of which modifications are indicated in the footnotes in the 
text of the tariff as published in the following pages. 

In December, 1903, the new reciprocity convention between the 
United States and Cuba went into effect. By the terms of this instru- 
ment certain tariff rebates are granted b}^ each of the two nations to 
the other. 

In January, 1904, the Cuban Congress authorized and provided for 
a general increase in the tai'iff rates, amounting to from 15 to 30 per 
cent. President Palma, of Cuba, accordingly issued a proclamation 
on February 1, 1904, decreeing the several increases as specified in 
the new law to go into effect on February 5, 1904. The changes are 
very numerous, and affect nearly all of the paragraphs of the tariff 
existing at the date named. The increases are at the rates of 15, 20, 
25, and 30 per cent. 

The following compilation presents (1) the old tariff rates, accord- 
ing to the Cuban tariff of 1900; (2) the present rates, according to the 
increases effective February 5, 1904; and (3) the present rates to the 
United States, as modified hj the reciprocity convention. 

For convenient reference, two explanatory circulars of the Cuban 
secretary of treasury and a list of the numbers of the paragraphs 
and subdivisions of paragraphs affected by the tariff-rate increases 
are also included in the compilation. 

RECIPROCITY CONVENTION WITH THE UNITED STATES. 

By the President of the United States of America. 

A PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas a convention between the United States of America and 
the Republic of Cuba to facilitate their commercial intercourse by 
improving the conditions of trade between the two countries was 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 169 

concluded and signed by their respective plenipotentiaries at the city 
of Habana on the eleventh day of December, 1902, the original of 
which convention, being in the English and Spanish languages, is, 
as amended by the Senate of the United States, word for word as 
follows: 

The President of the United States of America and the President of the Republic 
of Cuba, animated by the desire to strengthen the bonds of friendship betwee^i the 
two countries, and to facilitate their commercial intercourse 1iy improving the con- 
ditions of trade between them, have resolved to enter into a convention for that 
purpose, and have appointed their respective plenipotentiaries, to wit: 

The President of the United States of America, the Honorable General Tasker H. 
BHss; 

The President of the Republic of Cuba, the Honorable Carlos de Zaldo y Beur- 
mann, secretary of state and justice, and the Honorable Jose M. Garcia y Montes, 
secretary of the treasury; 

Who, after an exchange of their full powers found to be in good and due form, 
have, in consideration of and in compensation for the respective concessions and 
engagements made by each to the other as hereinafter recited, agreed, and do hereby 
agree, upon the following articles for the regulation and government of their recip- 
rocal trade, namely: 

Article I. 

During the term of this convention all articles of merchandise being the product of 
the soil or industry of the United States which are now imported into the Republic 
of Cuba free of duty, and all articles of merchandise being the product of -the soil or 
industry of the Republic of Cuba which are now imported into the United States 
free of duty, shall continue to be so admitted by the respective countries free of duty. 

Article II. 

During the term of this convention all articles of merchandise not included in the 
foregoing Article I, and being the product of the soil or industry of the Republic of 
Cuba imported into the United States, shall be admitted at a reduction of 20 per 
centum of the rates of duty thereon as provided by the tariff act of the United States 
approved July 24, 1897, or as may be provided by any tariff law of the United States 
subsequently enacted. 

Article III. 

During the term of this convention all articles of merchandise not included in the 
foregoing Article I and not hereinafter enumerated, being the product of the soil or 
industry of the United States, imported into the Republic of Cuba shall be admitted 
at a reduction of twenty per centum of the rates of duty thereon as now provided or 
as may hereafter be provided in the customs tariff of said Republic of Cuba. 

Article IV. 

During the term of this convention the following articles of merchandise, as enu- 
merated and described in the existing customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba, being 
the product of the soil or industry of the United States imported into Cuba, shall be 
admitted at the following respective reductions of the rates of duty thereon, as now 
provided or as may hereafter be provided, in the customs tariff of the Republic of 
Cuba: 

Schedule A. — To be admitted at a reduction of twenty-five (25) per centum: 
Machinery and apparatus of copper or its alloys, or machines and apparatus in which 
copper or its alloys enter as the component of chief value; cast-iron, wrought iron, 



170 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

and steel, and manufactures thereof; articles of crystal and glass, except window 
glass; ships and water borne vessels of all kinds of iron or steel; whiskies and bran- 
dies; fish, salted, pickled, smoked, or marinated; fish or shellfish, preserved in oil 
or otherwise in tins; articles of pottery or earthenware now classified under para- 
graphs 21 and 22 of the customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba. 

Schedule B. — To be admitted at a reduction of thirty (30) per centum: Butter; flour 
of wheat; corn; flour of corn or corn meal; chemical and pharmaceutical products, 
and simple drugs; malt liquors in bottles; nonalcoholic beverages; cider; mineral 
waters; colors and dyes; window glass; complete or partly made up articles of hemp, 
flax, pita, jute, henequen, ramie, and other vegetable fibers now classified under the 
paragraphs of group 2, Class V, of the customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba; musi- 
cal instruments; writing and printing paper, except for newspapers; cotton and 
manufactures thereof, except knitted goods (see Schedule C); all articles of cutlery; 
boots, shoes, and slippers, now classified under paragraphs 197 and 198 of the cus- 
toms tariff of the Republic of Cuba; gold and silver plated ware, drawings, photo- 
graphs, engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, oleographs, etc., printed from 
stone, zinc, aluminum, or other material, used as labels, flaps, bands, and wrappers 
for tobacco or other purposes, and all the other papers (except paper for cigarettes, 
and excepting maps and charts), pasteboard and manufactures thereof, now classi- 
fied under paragraphs 157 to 164, inclusive, of the customs tariff of the Republic of 
Cuba; common or ordinary soaps, now classified under paragraph 105, letters "a" 
and "5," of the customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba; vegetables, pickled or pre- 
served in any manner; all wines, except those now classified under paragraph 279 
(a) of the customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba. 

Schedule C. — To be admitted at a reduction of forty (40) per centum: Manufactures 
of cotton*, knitted, and all manufactures of cotton not included in the preceding 
schedules; cheese; fruits, preserved; paper pulp; perfumery and essences; articles 
of pottery and earthenware now classified under paragraph 20 of the customs tariff 
of the Republic of Cuba; porcelain; soaps, other than common, now classified under 
paragraph 105 of the customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba; umbrellas and parasols; 
dextrine and glucose; watches; wool and manufactures thereof; silk and manufactures 
thereof; rice; cattle. 

. Article V. 

It is understood and agreed that the laws and regulations adopted, or that may be 
adopted, by the United States and by the Republic of Cuba, to protect their revenues 
and prevent fraud in the declarations and proofs- that the articles of merchandise to 
which this convention may apply are the product or manufacture of the United States 
and the Republic of Cuba, respectively, shall not impose any additional charge or 
fees therefor on the articles imported, excepting the consular fees established, or 
which may be established, by either of the two countries for issuing shipping docu- 
ments, which fees shall not be higher than those charged on the shipments of similar 
merchandise from any other nation whatsoever. 

Article VI. 

It is agreed that the tobacco, in any form, of the United States or of any of its insu- 
lar possessions shall not enjoy the benefit of any concession or rebate of duty when 
imported into the Republic of Cuba. 

Article VII. 

It is agreed that similar articles of both countries shall receive equal treatment on 
their importation into the ports of the United States and the Republic of Cuba, 
respectively. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 171 

Article VIII. 

The rates of duty herein granted by the United States to the Republic of Cuba are 
and shall continue during the term of this convention preferential in respect to all 
hke imports from other countries, and in return for said preferential rates of duty 
granted to the Republic of Cuba by the United States, it is agreed that the conces- 
sion herein granted on the part of the said Republic of Cuba to the products of the 
United States shall likewise be, and shall continue, during the term of this conven- n 

tion, preferential in respect to all like imports from other countries: Provided, That A ijjlr*-*^ 
while this convention is in force no sugar imported from the Republic of Cuba, and j , "Ta^ 
being the product of the soil or industry of the Republic of Cuba, shall be admitted [ "'^ 
into the United States at a reduction of duty greater than twenty per centum of the ) ^£,^7 *Y 
rates of duty thereon as provided by the tariff act of the United States approved I i4|3~ 
July 24, 1897; and no sugar, the product of any other foreign country, shall be jl^^Af*.'^ 
admitted by treaty or convention into the United States, while this convention is in / ^^ 
force, at a lower rate of duty than that i)rovided by the tariff act of the United States/ ^'''"^*^_^^ 
approved July 24, 1897. ' "^-^ ^ 

Article IX. 



In order to maintain the mutual advantages granted in the present convention by 
the United States to the Republic of Cuba and by the Republic of Cuba to the United 
States, it is understood and agreed that any tax or charge that may be imposed by the 
national or local authorities of either of the two countries upon the articles of mer- 
chandise embraced in the provisions of this convention, subsequent to importation 
and prior to their entering into consumption in the respective countries, shall be 
imposed and collected without discrimination upon like articles whencesoever 
imported. 

Article X. 

It is hereby understood and agreed that in case of changes in the tariff of either 
country which deprive the other of the advantage which is represented by the 
percentages herein agreed upon, on the actual rates of the tariffs now in force, the 
country so deprived of this protection reserves the right to terminate its obligations 
under this convention after six months' notice to the other of its intention to arrest 
the operations thereof. 

And it is further understood and agreed that if, at any time during the term of 
this convention, after the expiration of the first year, the protection herein granted 
to the products and manufactures of the United States on the basis of the actual 
rates of the tariff of the Republic of Cuba now in force, should appear to the Gov- 
ernment of the said Republic to be excessive in view of a new tariff law that may be 
adopted by it after this convention becomes o]Derative, then the said Republic of 
Cuba may reopen negotiations with a view to securing such modifications as may 
appear proper to both contracting parties. 

Article XL 

The present convention shall be ratified by the appropriate authorities of the 
respective countries, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, United States of America, as soon as may be before the thirty-first 
day of January, 1903, and the convention shall go into effect on the tenth day after 
the exchange of ratifications, and shall continue in force for the term of five (5) 
years from date of going into effect, and from year to year thereafter until the expi- 
ration of one year from the day when either of the contracting parties shall give 
notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same. 

This convention shall not take effect until the same shall have been approved by 
the Congress. 

V 



^^ 



172 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

In witness whereof we, the respective plenipotentiaries, have signed the same in 
duplicate, in English and Spanish, and have affixed our respective seals, at Habana, 
Cuba, this eleventh day of December, in the year one thousand nine hundred and two. 

Tasker H. Bliss. [seal.] 

Carlos de Zaldo. [seal.] 

Jose M. Garcia Montes. [seal.] 

And whereas by the terms of the said convention it is provided that 
the ratifications thereof should be exchanged at the city of Washing- 
ton as soon as may be before the thirty-first day of January, 1903, 
which period was, by a supplementary convention signed by the respec- 
tive plenipotentiaries of the two countries on January 26, 1903, 
extended to the thirtj^-first day of March, 1903; 

And whereas the said convention of December 11, 1902, as amended 
by the Senate of the United States, and the said supplementary con- 
vention of January 26, 1903, ha^e been duly ratified on both parts 
and the ratifications of the two Governments were exchanged in the 
city of Washington on the thirty-first day of March, 1903; 

And whereas by its resolution of March 19, 1903, the Senate of the 
United States added at the end of Article XI of the said convention of 
December 11, 1902, the following amendment: 

This convention shall not take effect until the same shall have been approved by 
the Congress; 

And whereas the Congress gave its approval to the said convention 
by an act approved December 17, 1903, entitled "An act to carr}^ into 
effect a convention between the United States and the Kepublic of 
Cuba, signed on the eleventh day of December, in the year nineteen i 
hundred and two," which act is word for word as follows: 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That whenever the President of the United States shall receive 
satisfactory evidence that the Republic of Cuba has made provision to give full effect 
to the articles of the convention between the United States and the Republic of Cuba, 
signed on the eleventh day of December, in the year nineteen hundred and two, he . j 
is hereby authorized to issue his proclamation declaring that he has received such • 
evidence, and thereupon on the tenth day after exchange of ratifications of such i 
convention between the United States and the Republic of Cuba, and so long as the 
said convention shall remain in force, all articles of merchandise being the product ; 
of the soil or industry of the Republic of Cuba, which are now imported into the ; , 
United States free of duty, shall contimle to be so admitted free of duty, and all | 
other articles of merchandise being the product of the soil or industry of the Republic I 
of Cuba imported into the United States shall be admitted at a reduction of twenty I 
per centum of the rates of duty thereon, as provided by the tariff act of the United | 
States approved July twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven, or as may j 
be provided by any tariff law of the United States subsequently enacted. The rates ' 
of duty herein granted by the United States to the Republic of Cuba are and shall j 
continue during the term of said convention preferential in respect to all like imports J 
from other countries: Provided, That while said convention is in force no sugar j 
imported from the Republic of Cuba, and being the product of the soil or industry 
of the Republic of Cuba, shall . be admitted into the United States at a reduction of 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. ' 173 

duty greater than twenty per centum of the rates of duty thereon, as provided by 
the tariff act of the United States approved July twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred 
and ninety-seven; and no sugar the product of any other foreign country shall be 
admitted by treaty or convention into the United States while this convention is in 
force at a lower rate of duty than that provided by the tariff act of the United States 
approved July twenty -fourth, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven: And provided 
further, That nothing herein contained shall be held or construed as an admission on 
the part of the House of Representatives that customs duties can be changed other- 
wise than by an act of Congress, originating in said House. 

Sec. 2. That so long as said convention shall remain in force, the laws and regulations 
adopted, or that may be adopted by the United States to protect the revenues and 
prevent fraud in the declarations and proofs, that the articles of merchandise to 
which said convention may apply are the product or manufacture of th'e Eepublic of 
Cuba, shall not impose any additional charge of fees therefor on the articles imported, 
excepting the consular fees established, or which may be established, by the United 
States for issuing shipping documents, which fees shall not be higher than those 
charged on the shipments of similar merchandise from any other nation whatsoever; 
that articles of the Republic of Cuba shall receive, on their importation into the 
ports of the United States, treatment equal to that which similar articles of the 
United States shall receive on their importation into the ports of the Republic of 
Cuba; that any tax or charge that may be imposed by the national or local authori- 
ties of the United States upon the articles of merchandise of the Republic of Cuba, 
embraced in the provisions of said convention, subsequent to importation and prior 
to their entering into consumption into the United States, shall be imposed and 
collected without discrimination upon like articles whencesoever imported. 

And whereas satisfactory evidence has been received by the Presi- 
dent of the United States that the Republic of Cuba has made provision 
to give full effect to the articles of the said convention: 

Now, therefore, be it known that I, Theodore Roosevelt, Presi- 
dent of the United States of America, in conformity with the said act 
of Congress, do hereby declare and proclaim the said convention, as 
amended by the Senate of the United States, to be in effect on the 
tenth day from the date of this my proclamation. 

Wherefore I have caused the said convention, as amended by the 
Senate of the United States, to be made public to the end that the 
same and every clause thereof, as amended, may be observed and 
fulfilled with good faith hy the United States and the citizens thereof. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the 
seal of the United States of America to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington, this ITth day of December, in the 
year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and three, and of the 
Independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-eighth. 

[seal.] Theodore Roosevelt. 

By the President: 

John Hat, Secretary of State. 



174 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

CIRCULARS OF THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT OF CUBA RELATING TO 
RECIPROCITY CONVENTION. 

[Translation.] 

The following" circulars explain the Cuban interpretation and admin- 
istration of the reciprocity convention with the United States: 

Extract from Circular No. 177 of Decemher 19, 1903. 

Treaty will take effect beginning with the 27th instant (December, 
1903). 

Invoices of goods imported must have added to the declaration now 
made by manufacturer or producer in the United States, in which he 
states that the prices and other particulars of the invoice are exact, 
"that the articles contained in said invoice are products of the soil or 
industry of the United States." The treaty must be enforced to the 
letter, and cases of doubt arising must be immediately reported to this 
Department, which will give preferential attention thereto. For 
general information, to the end that doubt may be avoided as far as 
possible, some of the clauses of the treaty having already been sub- 
ject of inquiry, the following remarks are made: 

It will be observed that all of group 5 of schedule 1, assessing 
crystal and glass ware, enjo3^s in virtue of article 4, in Schedule A, 
advantage of 25 per cent. Tariff No. 12 (5) of said group classifies 
window glass or other articles. This window glass is excepted from 
said 25 per cent advantage, and enjoys instead 30 per cent, being 
included in Schedule B of said article. In this tariff number it should 
be understood that only window glass enjoys 30 per cent advantage; 
other glass than window glass, classified together with window glass, 
enjoys only the general 25 per cent of group 5 of schedule 1, and 
importers should be made to take oath that it is for windows. Under 
Schedule C of said article 4 porcelains enjoy 40 per cent advantage. 
Articles of this material are specially classified under tariff number 
23, but porcelain articles classified 24 also enjoy the 40 per cent 
advantage. All other articles comprised under tariff number 24 enjoy 
the 20 per cent advantage of article 3 of treaty. 

Groups 2 and 3 of schedule 2, classifying cast iron, wrought iron, and 
steel, enjoy 25 per cent fixed by Schedule A of article 4, excepting 
cutlery, which enjo3"S the 30 per cent advantage granted in Schedule B 
of the same article. 

All the articles included in schedule 4 of the tariff, cotton and man- 
ufactures thereof, which are specially mentioned, enjoy the 30 per 
cent advantage granted by Schedule B of article 4 of the treaty, with 
the single exception of knitted goods classified under tariff number 
122 in letters r/, J, c, and d, which enjoy the 40 per cent advantage 
granted by Schedule C of the said article. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 175 

Manufactures of wool classified under numbers 144, 145, 146, and 
147 enjoy the 40 per cent advantage established in Schedule C of the 
treaty. Other articles classified under these numbers not of wool 
shall enjoy only the 20 per cent of article 3 of the treaty. 

Printing" paper, other than for newspapers, enjoys the 30 per cent 
granted by Schedule B of article 4. Paper classified under tariff num- 
ber 152 enjoys only the 20 per cent granted by article 3 of the treaty. 
Number 154 enjo3'^s the advantage of 30 per cent granted by Schedule 
B, blank books and paper envelopes classified under this number being- 
included in this advantage. 

Cattle are the only live stock that shall enjoy the 40 per cent granted 
by Schedule C of article 4 of the treaty; all other kinds shall enjoy 
the 20 per cent of article 3. 

Machinery of number 22 enjoys the 25 per cent advantage granted 
by Schedule A of article 4; and other machinery classified by the 
tariff numbers of schedule 11, when copper or alloys thereof predom- 
inate in said other machinery as the component parts of greatest value, 
also enjoys the 25 per cent advantage, but when in the machinery clas- 
sified by other paragraphs of the group in question copper does not 
predominate as component part of greatest value, it shall enjoy only 
the 20 per cent advantage provided by article 3 of the treaty. 

Butter and oleomargarine are classed under tariff' number 244. It 
should be borne in mind that butter alone enjoys the 30 per cent 
advantage, oleomargarine "or butter mixed with oleomargarine enjo}^- 
ing only the 20 per cent concession of article 3. 

Only merchandise reaching the island of Cuba after the time at 
which the treaty takes effect, or, that is, after 12 o'clock on the night 
of the 26th instant, shall enjoy the benefits of the treaty. 

Circular No. 3^5 of Jcmuary 19, 1905. 

To the collector of the port of : 

For your information and action, I have the honor to inform you 
that, acting upon a complaint presented to the collector of the port of 
Habana, this department, upon consultation with the secretary of 
state, has rendered the following decision: 

I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of December 
10 last, inclosing the application of Messrs. Galban & Co. , claiming the benefit of the 
reciprocity treaty for an importation of roasted coffee, which benefit has been denied 
by this department. 

In reply, this department informs you that it can ifot accede to that claim. 
Whenever this department in agreement with the department of state and justice, 
understands that any merchandise is manufactured or finished in the United States 
from raw materials imported from Other countries, it considers only those products 
as the products of the industries of the United States within the meaning of the 
reciprocity treaty of December 11, 1903, which have undergone in the course of 
manufacture in the Uuited States a transformation which changes their nature, 
making of them an entirely different and distinct product; as, for instance, lumber 
changed into furniture; silk or wool, into cloth; salts, into drugs, etc. This does 



176 • HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

not apply in cases like the present, when the product in question has gone through 
a certain process which does not change its essential nature nor the use for which it 
is destined. 

CHANGES IN CUBAN TARIFF RATES. 

[In effect February 5, 1904.] 

FIFTEEN PER CENT INCREASE. 

The following tariff numbers are affected by the 15 per cent increase: 
128, 132 to 142 (inclusive), 145 to 150 (inclusive). 

TWENTY PER CENT INCREASE. 

The following tariff numbers are affected by the 20 per cent increase: 
114 to 126 (inclusive), 127 (in part), 242, 253. 

TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT INCREASE. 

The following tariff numbers are affected by the 25 per cient increase: 
1 (in part, viz, letters 5, <?, c?), 2 to 5 (inclusive), 6 (in part), 7 (in part), 
8, 9, 25 to 29 (inclusive), 59 to 72 (inclusive), 73 (except letter c), 74, 
89, 90, 101«, 1015, 102«, 129, 131, 143J, 152 to 154 (inclusive), 166, 167, 
168a, 170 to 177 (inclusive), 179 and 180 (in part), 181 to 183 (inclu- 
sive), 185 to 196 (inclusive), 199 to 202 (inclusive), 204 to 206 (inclu- 
sive), 212 to 214 (inclusive), 217.to 235 (inclusive), 266 to 268 (inclusive), 
273, 274 (letters a and J), 281 to 285 (inclusive), 294. 

THIRTY PER CENT INCREASE. 

The following tariff numbers are affected by the 30 per cent increase: 
10 (in part), 11 to 17 (inclusive), 19 to 24 (inclusive), 30, 32 to 34 
(inclusive), 36, 37 (except letter c), 38 to 58 (inclusive), 77, 785, 78c, 79 
to 81 (inclusive), 82 (in part), 83, 91 (in part), 96, 97, 98 (in part), 
99, 100, 103 (in part), 104 to 106 (inclusive), 108 (in part), 109 to 111 
(inclusive), 112 (in part), 113 (in part), 155 to 160 (inclusive), 161 (in 
part), 162 to 164 (inclusive), 184, 197, 198, 207 to 211 (inclusive), 236 
to 241 (inclusive), 243 to 252 (inclusive), 255 (except letter c), 256 to 
262 (inclusive), 264, 265, 269 (in part), 270 to 272 (inclusive), 275, 276, 
280, 286 to 292 (inclusive), 295 to 306 (inclusive), 308 to 316 (inclusive). 

REGULATIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE TARIFF. 

Disposition First. 

Customs Treatment of Tissues. « 

general rules. 

1. Numhev of threads. — By the number of threads in a tissue shall, 
unless otherwise stipiflated, be meant one-half of all the threads com- 
prised in the warp and weft in a square of 6 millimeters. Should this 

« The warp of tissues is to be considered as the totality of the threads which lie in 
the longitudinal sense, whether they form the foundation of the same or whether 
they have been added in order to form patterns or to give the stuff more body. The 
weft shall be considered the totality of the threads which cross the warp of the tissue 
and combine the same conditions of helping to form patterns or to add to the tody 
of the stuff. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 177 

half contain a fraction, the fraction shall be counted as an entire 
thread. 

2. Ascertainment of the nuruher of threads. — In order to determine, 
for customs treatment of tissues, the number of threads and the pro- 
portion in which the threads subject to the highest duty are found in the 
tissue, the instrument known as "thread counter" shall be employed. 

Should there be doubt as to the ascertainment of the number of 
threads in a tissue, owing to the tissue being closer woven in some 
parts than in others, the closest- woven part and the loosest-woven part 
shall be taken, and the average threads resulting from the two shall 
serve as a basis for levying duty. 

When the nature of the tissue permits it, the thread shall always be 
counted on the obverse side of the stuff. 

In all woolly or melton-like tissues, and generally in all tissues in 
which the hair has been removed by carding or fulling, the threads 
shall be counted on the reverse side of the stuff by rasping or burning 
the hair when necessary. 

In exceptional cases, where after these operations the ascertainment 
of the number of threads remains doubtful, a sufficient part of the 
tissue must be unraveled. 

Should this likewise be impossible, as, for instance, in case of ready- 
made articles, the tissue shall be subject to the highest dut}" of the 
group to which it belongs; and should the tissue be mixed, it shall be 
dutiable according to the class in which the highest-taxed material 
entering into the mixture is comprised. 

CUSTOMS TREATMENT OF MIXED TISSUES. 

3. Admixtures of two materials. — Tissues of all kinds composed of 
two materials shall be dutiable as follows: 

{a) Cotton tissues containing threads of hemp, jute, linen, ramie, or 
other vegetable fiber shall be dutiable according to the corresponding 
numbers of group 2, Class IV, with the surtaxes established in each 
case,'^ provided that the number of these threads of hemp, jute, linen, 
ramie, or other vegetable fibers, counted in the warp and weft, does 
not exceed one-fifth of the total number of threads composing the tissue. 

When the number of threads of hemp, jute, linen, ramie, etc., ex- 
ceeds one-fifth of the total, the tissues shall be subject to the corre- 
sponding duties of Class V. 

(5) Cotton tissues containing threads of wool, flock wool, hair, or 
wastes of these materials shall be dutiable according to the correspond- 
ing numbers of group 2, Class IV, with the surtaxes established in each 
case,^ provided that the number of threads of wool, flock wool, hair, 
or their wastes, counted in the warp and weft, does not exceed one- 
fifth of the total number of threads composing the tissue. 

« Class IV, group 2, Note 1. 
159a— 05 12 



178 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

When the number of threads of wool, flock wool, hair, or their 
wastes exceeds one-fifth of the total, the tissues shall be subject to the 
corresponding duties of Class Yl, as tissues mixed with wool. 

((?) Cotton tissues containing threads of silk or floss silk shall be 
dutiable according to the corresponding numbers of group 2, Class IV, 
with the surtaxes established in each case,'^ provided that the number 
of silk or floss-silk threads, counted in the warp and weft, does not 
exceed one-fifth of the total number of threads composing the tissue. 

When the number of threads of silk or floss silk exceeds one-fifth of 
the total, the tissues shall be subject to the corresponding duties of 
Class VII. 

{d) Tissues of hemp, jute, linen, ramie, or other vegetable fibers, 
containing threads of wool, flock wool, hair, or their wastes, shall be 
dutiable according to the corresponding numbers of group 2, Class V, 
with the surtaxes established in each case,* provided that the number 
of these threads of wool, flock wool, hair, or their wastes, counted in 
the warp and weft, does not exceed one-fifth of the total number of 
threads composing the tissue. 

When the number of threads of wool, flock wool, hair, or their 
wastes exceeds one-fifth of the total, the tissues shall be subject to the 
corresponding duties of group 2, Class VI, as tissues mixed with wool. 

{e) Tissues of hemp, jute, linen, ramie, or other vegetable fibers, 
containing threads of silk or floss silk, shall be dutiable according to 
the corresponding numbers of group 2, Class V, with the surtaxes 
established in each case,* provided that the number of these threads 
of silk or floss silk, counted in the warp and weft, does not exceed 
one-fifth of the total number of threads composing the tissue. 

When the number of silk or floss-silk threads exceeds one-fifth of 
the total, the tissue shall be subject to the corresponding duties of 
Class VII. 

if) When the number of silk or floss-silk threads exceeds one-fifth 
of the total, the tissues shall be subject to the corresponding duties of 
Class VII. 

4. Admixtures of more than tmo materials. — Tissues composed of 
more than two materials shall be dutiable as follows: 

When the number of silk or floss-silk threads exceeds one-fifth of 
the total, the tissues shall be subject to the corresponding duties of 
Class VII. 

{a) Tissues containing an admixture of cotton and other vegetable 
fibers, and at the same time threads of silk or floss silk, shall be sub- 
ject to the corresponding duties of Class V and assimilated to tissues 
of jute, hemp, etc., whatever be the proportion of the cotton threads; 
they shall, in addition, be liable to the surtax leviable on the silk or 
floss-silk 'threads, provided that the number of these threads, counted 

« Class IV, group 2, Note I. & Class V, group 2, Note I. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 179 

in warp and weft, does not exceed one-fifth of the total number of 
threads composing the tissue. 

When the number of silk or floss-silk threads exceeds one-fifth of 
the total, the tissues shall be subject to the corresponding duties of 
Class VII. 

(5) Tissues of an admixture of wool, cotton, and other vegetable 
fibers, containing no silk threads, shall be subject to the correspond- 
ing duties of Class V and shall, in addition, be liable to the surtax levi- 
able on woolen threads, provided that the number of these thread3, 
counted in warp and weft, does not exceed one-fifth of the total num- 
ber of threads composing the tissue. 

When the number of woolen threads exceeds one-fifth of the total, 
the tissues shall be subject to the corresponding duties of- Class VI 
as mixed woolen tissues. 

5. Silk tissues. — All tissues containing silk or floss-silk threads, the 
number of which, counted in warp and weft, exceeds one-fifth without 
being more than one-half of the total number of threads composing 
the tissue, shall be considered as tissues mixed with silk. 

When the number of silk or floss-silk threads, counted in warp and 
weft, exceeds one-half of the total, the tissues shall be considered and 
dutiable as of pure silk. 

EXCEPTIONS. 

For knitted stuflfs, tulles, lace, blondes, tulles for borders, and rib- 
bons, composed of an. admixture, exception to the preceding rules 
shall be made in the following cases: 

6. Knitted and netted stujfs.^KW kinds of knitted Stuffs and tulles, 
lace, blondes, and tulles of all kinds for borders, when mixed, shall 
be dutiable according to the corresponding numbers of the class com- 
prising the threads of the highest taxed material, whatever be the 
proportion of such threads in the tissue. 

Knitted stuffs, lace, blondes, and tulles for borders, comprised in 
Class VII, shall be considered as tissues mixed with silk when they 
contain threads of cotton or other vegetable fibers, or of wool or flock 
wool, whatever be the proportion of such threads in the mixture. 

Tulles less than 15 centimeters in width shall be considered as tulles 
for borders. 

7. Bilybons. — Ribbons and galloons mixed with cotton and other 
vegetable fibers or with vegetable fibers and wool, containing no silk, 
shall be subject to the corresponding duties of the class comprising 
the highest taxed threads. 

Ribbons or galloons containing silk, in whatever proportion, shall 
be dutiable as tissues according to the corresponding numbers of Class 
VII. When not exceeding 15 centimeters in width they shall be con- 
sidered as mixed silk tissues, provided that the}^ contain in any pro- 
portion threads of cotton or other vegetable fibers or of wool or flock 
wool. 



180 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

8. Trimmings. — Trimmings shall be dutiable on the total weight, as 
if exclusively composed of the apparent or visible textile material. 

Trimmings composed on their apparent or visible part of various 
textile materials shall be subject to the corresponding duties of the 
class comprising the highest taxed material. When the predominating 
component material consists of metallic threads of an}^ kind, the trim- 
mings shall be dutiable according to Class VII plus the surtax leviable 
on the metal. 

Trimmings are distinguished from ribbons and galloons by the lat- 
ter being real tissues, with warp and weft, while trimmings are plaited. 

SURTAXES. 

9. Establishment of surtaxes. — The surtaxes applicable, owing to 
broche, embroidery, metal threads, or making up, shall always be 
computed on the duties leviable on the tissue by taking into account, 
if necessary, the increase of such duties in case of admixture. 

For the collection of the total duty, the surtaxes aJDplicable for 
either of the above-mentioned reasons must, when necessary, be added 
together. 

10. Broches. — Tissues, broches, or woven like brocades with silk or 
floss silk, shall be liable to the duties leviable thereon plus the sur- 
taxes established in every case." 

By broche or brocaded tissues are meant all tissues with flowers or 
other ornaments applied by means of the small shuttle called " espolin'^'^ 
in such manner that the threads do not occupy the entire width of the 
stuff, but only the space comprising the flower or pattern. 

11. Enibroidery . — Tissues embroidered by hand or by machine after 
weaving or with application of trimmings shall be liable to the duties 
leviable thereon plus the surtaxes established in every case,^ by taking 
into account whether the embroidery contains metallic threads or not. 

Embroidery is distinguished from patterns woven in the tissue, as 
the latter are destroyed by unraveling the weft of the tissue, while 
embroidery is independent of the warp and weft and can not be 
unraveled. 

12. Metallic threads. — Tissues and trimmings containing metallic 
threads, in whatever proportion, shall be liable to the duties leviable 
thereon plus the surtaxes established in every case.^ 

Tissues exclusively composed of metallic threads shall be dutiable 
according to Class VII plus the surtax leviable on the metal. 

13. Made-up articles. — Tissues manufactured into articles of all 
kinds shall be liable to the duties leviable thereon plus the surtaxes 
established in ever}^ case.^ 

« Classes IV and V, group 2, Note II, letter a. 
&Ibid., letter h. 
^Ibid., letter c. 
<^ Ibid., letter d. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 181 

Ready-made clothing-, wearing- apparel of all kinds and of any style, 
and, generally, all articles made up by the seamstress or tailor, shall, 
for their total weight, be liable to the duties leviable on the principal 
component tissue on their most visible exterior part. 

For the application of the corresponding surtaxes, clothing and 
articles, half finished or basted, shall be considered as made-up articles 
and clothing. 

Disposition Second. 

Rules Applicable to Goods not Specially Mentioned and to Articles Com- 
posed OF Several Materials. 

1. Articles not enumerated in the tariff shall, for the application of 
duty, be assimilated to those which they most closely resemble. 

When an article presented for customs clearance is not mentioned 
in a number of the tariff or in the reportory, and when doubts arise as 
to its assimilation to articles specified in the tariff, the interested party 
or the importer may request the customs authorities to indicate the 
number according to which such article is to be dutiable. 

In such case the clearance shall be effected according- to the number 
so indicated. 

2. Articles which, by their nature or application, are composed of 
two or more materials or of different parts * shall, for the total weight, 
be taxed according to the material chiefly determining the value of the 
article. 

3. In case of doubt as to which is the material chiefl}^ determining 
the value of an article, such article shall be dutiable according to the 
most highly taxed component material. 

4. When the mixture of different materials has been made with a 
view of evading the pa3^ment of the duties of any specified number of 
the tariff, the duties leviable on the article subject to the highest duty 
shall always be collected. 

Disposition Third. 

Regulations to be Applied in Levying Duty on Packages and Receptacles — 

Tares. 

1. Packages and receptacles capable of again being used to contain 
goods or for other purposes shall be dutiable according to the corre- 
sponding number of the tariff, unless in case of goods dutiable on gross 
weight without tare, for which it is expressly provided that the weight 
of packages or receptacles shall, for tariff purposes, be included in the 
weight of the goods. 

2. Packages and receptacles liable to higher duties than those estab- 
lished for their contents shall alwaj^s be dutiable according to the 
number of the tariff to which they belong. 

« As, for instance, the handle of an implement and the implement itself; the glass 
and frame of a mirror. 



182 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

3. The following- articles shall pay on gross weight, including pack- 
ages and receptacles: 

Included in Class I: 
Marble, jasper, and alabaster, in the rough or cut into flat blocks, slabs, or steps. 
Other natural or artificial stone, unwrought and in flat blocks, slabs, or steps. 
Earthy substances employed in industry or in the arts; cement, lime, and gypsum. 
Mineral pitch and tar; asphalts, bitumens, and schists. 
Mineral oils of all kinds. 
Ores. 

Clay in coarse articles for building purposes, furnaces, etc. ; also articles of fire clay. 
Large or small paving tiles of earthenware, ^cement, or stoneware, ceramic tiles, glazed 

roofing tiles, and pipes. 

Included in Class II: 
All articles of cast iron, wrought iron, or steel set forth in groups 2 and 3 of Class II 

(excepting those comprised in Nos. 33, 34, 41, 45, 47 (letters a and b), 48, 49, 50, 

51, 52, 53, 54 (letters a, b, and c), 55 (letters a and b), 56, 57, and 58). 
Copper shavings; copper of first fusion and old copper, brass, etc. 
Copper, brass, bronze, and other alloys of common metals in -svhich copper enters; 

in ingots, bars, plates, pipes, railway chairs, sheets for stoves and boiler makers' 

work, partly wrought. 
Mercury. 
Nickel, aluminum, tin, zinc, lead, or other metals not specially mentioned; also all 

alloys of such metals, in pigs, ingots, bars, plates, pipes, or Avire. 
Filings, shavings, scrap iron or steel, and other waste of common metals. 
Scorise. 

Included in Class III: 
Oleaginous seeds, including copra or cocoanut. 
Eesins (except turpentine) and gums comprised in No. 78. 
Extracts in licorice, camphor, aloes, and other like vegetable juices. 
Tan bark. 
Opium. 

Vegetable and animal products enumerated in Nos. 82 and 83. 
Natural colors in powder or in lumps. 
Natural dyes. 
Varnish. 
Blacking. 
Chemical products enumerated in Nos. 91 (excepting phosphorus), 92, 93, 94, 95, and 

96 (letter «). 
Vegetable oils mentioned in No. 101. 
Crude vegetable oils and animal fats. 
Wax, unmanufactured, and parafiin in the mass. 
Fertilizers. 

Glue, albumen, and gelatin. 
Carbons for electric lighting. 

Included in Classes IV, V, VI, and VII: 
Textile materials of all kinds, neither spun nor twisted. 

Included in Class VIII: 
Paper pulp. 

Included in Class IX: 
Staves. 
Ordinary wood in boards, beams, etc.; wood, planed or dovetailed, for cases and 

flooring. 
Fine wood for cabinetmakers, in boards, deals, trunks, or logs. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 188 

Casks or shocks, and wood prepared for the maiiiifacture of hogsheads, tierces, and 

barrels. 
Lattice or fencing wood. 

Charcoal, firewood, and other vegetable combustibles. 
Cork, in the rough or in sheets. 
Dill, vegetable hair, cane, osiers, fine straw, palm, heather, and esparto, raw. 

Included in Class X: 
Animal remains. 

Included in Class XII: 
Jerked meat ( ' ' tasajo " ) . 

Oysters X)f all kinds and shellfish, fresh or dried. 
Rice. 

Wheat and other cereals. 
Flour of all kinds. 
Pulse, dried. 

Pot herbs and garden produce, fresh. 
Carob beans, and seeds noc specially mentioned. 
Forage and bran. 

Included in Class XIII: 
Sand-covered tarpaulins for vans; felt and tow, tarred or coated with pitch. 

4. The undermentioned goods, if contained in a single package or 
receptacle, shall likewise be dutiable on gross weight, including weight 
of package or receptacle, and with no reduction for tare. 

When packed in two or more receptacles, such goods shall be weighed 
therewith, and the following allowances shall be made for tare: 

Included in Class III: Tare— per cent. 

Natural colors, prepared 17 

Colors and dyes, artificial, in powder, lumps, or crystals 10 

The same, prepared 17 

Varnish 15 

Chemical products not specified ( No. 98) 12 

Soap 6 

Starch and feculse for industrial uses; dextrin and glucose 10 

Gunpowder, explosive compounds, and miners' fuses (No. Ill, letter a) 10 

Included in Class XII: _ 
Olive oil and cotton-seed oil 10 

5. The following goods shall be dutiable on gross weight, including 
weight of all packages or receptacles, and ahall be allowed the under- 
mentioned tares: 

Included in Class I: Tare— per cent. 

Marble, jasper, and alabaster, wrought into the articles mentioned in No. 1 

(letters c and d) 20 

All other natural stones, also artificial stones wrought into the articles classed 

under No. 2 (letter 6) 12 

Articles of gypsum, in cases or barrels 30 

Articles of gypsum, in hampers or otherwise packed 16 

Hollow glass and crystal ware of all kinds (excepting ordinary bottles) : 

In cases or barrels 30 

In crates, baskets, hampers, or otherwise packed 20 

Ordinary bottles : 

In cases or barrels 20 

In crates or otherwise packed 15 



184 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Flat glass and crystal of all kinds: Tare— per cent. 

In single cases - - 25- 

In double wooden cases - - 30 

In any other package - - - — 20 

Glass and crystal in fancy articles, etc. : 

In a single receptacle - - - - 35 

In two or more receptacles - 40 

Earthenware or stoneware; faience and porcelain: 

In cases or barrels - - - 30 

In hampers or otherwise packed - 16 

Included in Class II: 
Koughly manufactured articles comprised in Nos. 33, 41, 45, 47 (letter b), 48, 
49, 54 (letter c), 56, 57, 63 (letters a and b), 64, 65 (letter a) , 67 (letter b), 69: 

In cases or barrels - - 13 

In hampers - 7 

In other packages or in bales 5 

Finely manufactured articles comprised in Nos. 34, 47 (letter o), 50, 53, 58, 63 
(letter c), 65 (letter 6), 67 (letter a), 68, 70, 72 (letter c), 73 (letter c), 73 
(letter d), and 74 (letters c, d, e, or/): 

In cases or barrels - 18 

In hampers 12 

In other packages or bales - 6 

Included in Class III: 

Spirits of turpentine 18 

Phosphorus : 

In tin-plate receptacles 25 

In cases or otherwise packed - 35 

Pharmaceutical products comprised in Nos. 96 (letter />), 99, and 100 20 

Wax and other articles comprised in No. 104 14 

Perfumery and essences i 20 

Included in Class VIII: 
Paper of all kinds: 

In cases 10 

In other packages or in bales 3 

Included in Class IX: , 

Fine wood, sawn in veneers 6 

Ordinary wood, wrought, curved wood, wrought, and rods, and articles com- 
prised in Nos. 171, 173, and 175 (letter a): 

In cases ^ 20 

In crates or otherwise packed 10 

Fine wood, wrought, comprised in Nos. 172, 174, and 175 (letter b): 

In cases 30 

In other packages 10 

Cork, manufactured: 

In cases 10 

In other packages or in bales ., 5 

Furniture of osiers or other wickerwork comprised in No. 180: 

In cases 35 

In other packages or in bales 10 

Included in Class X: 

Saddlers and harness-makers' wares; feathers, except for ornament, and feather 
dusters: 

In cases or barrels 15 

In other packages or in bales 6 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 185 

Gloves of skin, comprised in No. 196: Tare— per cent. 

In cases or barrels 18 

In other packages or in bales 8 

Included in Class XII: 

Poultry and small game 40 

Meat in brine, including beef and pork, comprised in No. 237 20 

Lard and other goods comprised in Nos. 238, 239, 240, 241 12 

Other meat 12 

Butter: 

In ordinary boxes, tierces, cans, etc 12 

In brine, or otherwise packed, with wooden, glass, or tin receptacles com- 
bined, provided this does not exceed the actual tare 35 

Salt cod and stockfish; herring, mackerel, and salmon: 

In cases or barrels 10 

In sacks 2 

Cocoa: 

In sacks .' 1 

In double sacks 2 

In ceroons 5 

Ground, or in paste, in triple receptacles 25 

Coffee: 

In sacks 1 

In double sacks • 2 

In barrels, casks, etc 10 

Cinnamon : 

In cases or barrels 15 

In bales 4 

Cinnamon, Chinese {" cdnel07i"), and other sijices comprised in No. 283: 

In cases or barrels 15 

In sacks 1 

In double sacks 2 

Vanilla 12 

Eggs ; 25 

Common biscuits 8 

Fine biscuits 1 14 

Cheese 12 

Included in Class XIII: 

Cartridges with or without projectiles or bullets 10 

Varnished cloth or oilcloth 12 

Toys and games . . 25 

Articles of caoutchouc : 20 

Waterproof and caoutchouc tissues 10 

GENEEAL PKOVISION FOR TAKE. 

6. All goods not enumerated in the foregoing lists, or not included 
in the above-mentioned cases, shall be dutiable on net weight or 
according to the bases stipulated in the respective numbers of the 
tariff; all packages or receptacles containing such goods shall be separ 
rately liable to the duties set forth in the corresponding numbers of 
the tariff. 

7. Goods dutiable on gross weight, entitled or not to tare allowance, 
shall always be taxed inclusive of the weight of all interior paper 
wrappers, ribbons, envelopes, or packing. 



186 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

8. When an article entitled to tare allowance is imported in bulk, 
or merely fastened by means of rope or hoops, or packed in paper, 
straw, hsij, or the like, no tare shall be deducted. 

9. Goods dutiable on net weight shall pay together with the weight 
of the paper wrappers, ribbons, envelopes, or immediate receptacles 
other than the boxes or cases. Needles, pins, pens, and other articles 
comprised in Nos. 51, 52, and 68 shall be excepted from this rule, and 
will be weighed together with the boxes if of cardboard. 

Other boxes and cases, also boxes a.nd cases containing other articles, 
shall be dutiable according to the number of the tariff to which they 
belong. 

Goods affixed to cardboard, cards, or wood shall be dutiable together 
with the weight of such package. 

Twisted yarn of all kinds shall be dutiable together with the weight 
of the bobbins. 

10.'* When in one container merchandises are imported which pay 
by net weight with others which pay b}^ gross weight or b}^ unities or 
by value, whether they have the same or different tares, said mer- 
chandises will pay the duties that correspond to them by net or duti- 
able weight, without any benefit of tare, and the exterior container 
will be appraised by its total weight by the paragraph corresponding 
to the material of which it is made. 

11. Packages containing mineral w^aters shall be dutiable according 
to the following rules: 

Cases containing bottles shall be dutiable according to No. 166 
(letter I>) on 15 per cent of the gross weight of case and contents. 

Bottles shall be dutiable according to No. 10, and for this purpose 
bottles containing 70 centiliters or more shall be considered as weigh- 
ing 720 grams each. 

For smaller bottles and for flasks, except of glass, and for other 
receptacles used for importing water, the weight shall be practically 
ascertained, and such receptacles shall be dutiable according to the 
numbers of the tariff in which classed. 

12. Receptacles containing alcohol, brandies, liquors, and other com- 
pound spirits shall be treated as follows: 

« As modified by Order No. 445, October 31, 1900. 

In the application of rule 10, Disp. Ill, the following practice is observed: 
Tliere are five distinct classes of merchandise contemplated in the tariff in respect 
to the method of assessing duty thereon: 

1. Merchandise which pays by gross weight. 

2. Merchandise which pays by net weight. 

3. Merchandise which pays by tare. 

4. Merchandise which pays ad valorem. 

5. Merchandise which pays by unities. 

For the apphcation. of Disp. Ill, rule 10, merchandise which pays tare is consid- 
ered as paying by gross weight. Merchandise which pays ad valoi-em is considered 
as paying by net weight. Merchandise free of duty is not taken into consideration 
at all, as far as the application of Disp. Ill, rule 10, is concerned. The following 



HANDBOOK OP CUBA. 187 

When the importation isell'ected in barrels or other casks, the recep- 
tacles shall be dutiable according to their corresponding j^aragraph on 
15 per cent of the gross weight if single and on 20 per cent of the 
gross weight if double. 

When the importation is effected in bottles or flasks, packed in 
wooden cases or hampers, duties shall be assessed as follows: 

The weight of the liquid shall be practically ascertained, as shall that 
of bottles or flasks containing the same. 

The practically ascertained weights of the liquid and bottles or flasks 
shall be added, and the result deducted from the actual gross weight 
of the entire importation. The difference obtained by this deduction 
will be the actual weight of the wooden cases or hampers. 

The liquid, bottles or flasks, and wooden cases or hampers will pay 
duty according to their corresponding paragraphs. 

13. Receptacles containing wine shall be treated as follows: 

When the importation is effected in barrels or other casks, the recep- 
tacles shall be dutiable according to their corresponding paragraph on 
12 per cent of the gross weight if single and on 18 per cent of the 
gross weight if double. 

table of all possible cases or combinations arising in the packing of merchandise is 
given, together with the indications in each case as to whether rule 10 applies or 
not: 

Disposition III, rule 10. Does it apply? 

Gross weight packed with net weight? Yes. 

Gross weight packed with merchandise with tare? No. 

Gross weight packed with ad valorem? Yes. 

Gross weight packed with unities? No. ' „ 

Net weight packed with gross weight? Yes. 

Net weight packed with merchandise with tare? Yes. 

Net weight packed with ad valorem? No. 

Net weight packed with unities? Yes. 

Merchandise with tare packed with gross weight? No. 

Merchandise with tare packed with net weight? Yes. 

Merchandise with tare packed with ad valorem? Yes. 

Merchandise with tare packed with unities? No. 

Ad valorem packed with gross weight? Yes. 

Ad valorem packed with net weight? No. 

Ad valorem packed with merchandise with tare? Yes. 

Ad valorem packed with unities? Yes. 

Unities packed with gross weight? No. 

Unities packed with net weight? Yes. 

Unities packed with merchandise with tare? No. 

Unities packed with ad valorem? Yes. 

When in the same case are packed goods dutiable by gross weight, paying under 
different paragraphs, or letters of paragraphs, or having different tares, or goods 
having the same tare but paying under different paragraphs, or different letters of 
the same paragraph, rule 7, Disp. Ill, applies, and the exterior receptacle pays duty 
under its corresponding paragraph. (Order No. 43, ruling No. 36, August 23, 1900.) 

When in the application of rule 10, Disp. Ill, net weight goods are packed in 
cardboard boxes or etui cases (estuches), the cardboard boxes, or etui cases, will be 
classified under their respective paragraphs of the tariff. (Order No. 35, ruling No. 
29, August 11, 1900.) 



188 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

When the importation is effected in bottles or flasks, packed in 
wooden cases or hampers, duties shall be assessed in exactly the same 
way as for alcohol, brandies, liquors, and compound spirits, when so 
imported, except in the case of champagne, which shall be treated as 
follows: 

The weight of the liquid shall be practically ascertained by deduct- 
ing from the actual weight of a full bottle 950 grams for an empty 
champagne bottle, ordinary size, and 550 grams for an empty half 
bottle. 

The assessment of duty will then proceed as in the case of" any other 
wine. 

14. Receptacles containing beer or cider shall be treated as follows: 

When the importation is effected in barrels or other casks, the 
receptacles shall be dutiable according to their corresponding para- 
graph on 30 per cent of the gross weight. 

When the importation is effected in bottles or flasks, packed in 
wooden cases, hampers, or barrels, duties shall be assessed as follows: 

When beer is imported in bottles of ordinary or current size, for 
every 12 quart bottles or 21 pint bottles the glass shall be considered to 
weigh 9i kilos and the beer contained therein to weigh Si kilos (equal 
to Si liters), and the difference obtained by adding together the taken 
weight of the glass and the taken weight of the beer, and deducting 
the result from the actual gross weight of the entire importation, shall 
be considered to be the weight of the exterior package or receptacle.'^ 

When beer is imported in bottles not of ordinary or current size, 
or differing in weight from the average or current weights, the 
respective weights of the liquid and bottles will be practically ascer- 
tained, and the assessment of duty will proceed as before. 

In the case of cider the procedure will be the same as in the case of 
wines or liquors, the weights being practically ascertained. 

Disposition Fourth. 

Articles of Prohibited Importation. 

1. Dynamite, gunpowder, and similar explosives, unless the importer 
is able to produce a special authorization for landing issued to him by 
the President of Cuba.^ 

a Rule 14, Disp. Ill, has been interpreted as follows: One barrel supposed to con- 
tain 6 dozen quart bottles of current size is found, for example, to weigh 114 kilos. 
The beer contained therein is considered to amount to six times 8^ kilos, or 51 liters, 
dutiable under paragraph 2806. The glass of the 6 dozen bottles is considered to 
weigh six times Q^ kilos, or 57 kilos, dutiable under paragraph 10. The taken Aveight 
of the beer and the taken weight of the glass bottles being added, gives 108 kilos, 
which, being deducted from the actual gross weight of the entire importation, leaves 
6 kilos, which is considered to be the weight of the exterior package or receptacles. 
(Order No. 22, July 11, 1900. ) 

&The words "President of Cuba" have been substituted here for the words 
"military governor of the island" in the original draft of the tariff of 1900. 



•HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 189 

2. Paintings, publications, figures, and all other objects offensive to 
morality. 

3. Artificial wine (other than medicinal wines of known composition) 
and adulterated wines. 

Regulations as to Clearance of Petroleum. 

In case of doubt as to the clearance of crude petroleum, a sample of 
this oil must be taken and the following rules observed: 

1. A sample of 200 cubic centimeters shall l)e taken from 50 cases 
or less, or from 10 barrels or less, comprised in the declaration and 
belonging to the same kind of goods. 

2. These samples shall be mixed in a large receptacle, and, when 
the discharge is terminated, 2 liters are taken therefrom and put into 
separate bottles, which are sealed and furnished with labels signed by 
the customs employees and the interested party. These bottles shall 
be forwarded to the customs chemical expert in order to be assayed. 

3. Immediately after this operation the goods shall be cleared and 
the corresponding duty applied, but the interested party shall always 
be bound by the results of the analysis, and the clearance shall not be 
deemed definitive until that result be known. 

4. The samples must be assayed within one month, and the inter- 
ested part}^ has the right to be present when the samples are opened 
and analyzed,, provided that he has made a written request to this 
effect at the time of identifying the samples by affixing his signature 
to the labels. He may also appeal to the collector at the chief port 
from the report of the experts. 

5. Should the interested party in this appeal request that a new 
analysis be made, this operation shall be effected at his expense if the 
decision of the customs be sustained. In contrary cases the expenses^ 
shall be borne by the Government. 

The following shall be considered as — 

(a) Crude oils derived from schists, those obtained from first distilla- 
tion, distinguishable by their density of from 900 to 920 thousandths 
of a degree, or from ^^ to 57^ of the centesimal aerometer, equal to 
from 24 degrees and 69 hundredths to 21 degrees and 48 hundredths 
Cartier. 

(5) Crude and natural petroleum, that imported in the state in which 
found when extracted from the well and which has undergone no 
operation whatever wherebj^ the natural chemical composition is 
altered or modified. When graduall}^ and continuously distilled up 
to a temperature of 300° C, this petroleum must leave a residuum 
exceeding 20 per cent of its primitive weight. 



190 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



o o o o 





Oh 


J^ 








^ 


H 


"r^. 


'^ 




ciT 


o 
-K 


)— 1 


f.^ 
■^ 


c^- 





o 


fe 


o 


s 


s^ 


I-:) 


hfl 


^ 




CD 








1 


1? 

O 

H 


EC 


s 


-< 


II 




^ 


H 




W 


. rs 




m 








i^ 



S 11^ 



*a2 . 

1— I P "53 
?^ 02 fe 



■— ' 


1^ 


^ 


<o 








c 


^ 
PH 


^ 















T3 


(B 





r« M S -|J . 






nsino 
, $3.8 
for c 
3 cen 
ue for 
















Q^^. > ^ ^ 






Spanish al 
20-franc pi 
all be recei 
ts; medio r 
t their face 












<l 


Q^— '^ a OS 






rCj 02 cc a; _, 




S 


-i-i -rj t3 




02 :^ cs ^- a> 






2 0x2'^ > 




< 


uch 
78; 1 
f Cu 
real, 
recei 




02 


T^^■ _ u;, 




jH-^r^ CC ^ 




S 


d coi 
ece), 
islan 
2 cen 
will 


oj 






S 



( ) 


IToS ^ 03^ 




.2f a3.i:H CO 


•rH 


w 


(B <D 0) ti-i 




M 


g P,pH PhO 


. ^ 



OA+J CO |Zl3 g 

Si ?? r^ S[^ cp 2 

f-^ '-^ O CJ "^ O.-'-' 



•5 -Jl o 



« 



f^': 



a; 







Oj n _, 

a o d 

-.^ - ^^ u g 

fU '"' (I! 
3 &Do3 



W -4j 



S_0 Qj(M 
-w OJ S IJ 

_2 bfj s-^ CC 



^ a 02 



a; 4J 






9; -"-^ t O y en 

^ 03 &c • • o g j^ 

CC o o 2; ij fl 

•^ <S Q) 03 g 1:^ CD 



.'S. 



O 

















oiA 00 




. 






w^o 


t-H 


lO C30 (N CO 


0) 






1°^^" 
3 


CO <n" ■ ri ■ ■ ■ 


fi^P 


Cfi 






Ci 






iS'S 








•tiOO 


00 00000 








glMC-l 


(M <N (NCMtMCN (M 


OJ c a 


(U 






s 






■^ 






fe 






rt'-i=t> 


CO 






^ 






^ 















d . 










lO 


lO C^ ift 


0)^ 








l§s 


t^ CM 10 to uo r- 








0010 CO(MOIM00 


S S 








oo'i-i 


00 cN ',-;■■■ 


iS 








Cl 






QJ 










lO 


lO lO lO lO lO lO »o 


§ 








g 


c^ 


OJ(M OJOICQOIC^ 


0) 








S 

















fe 
















^ 








3 








f,^0 


00 OOiOOO 








guOO 




lOOOtNCO 








s^"^ 


CO (N ■ iH ■ ■ ■ 


'a 








5 















C) 






>> 














































































-t^ 


























a 


























03 


























3 


























a" 










































































:;3 c 


c 


00000 


■3 








^•c 


•c 


f^ "^ 'O'O'^'^ 


p 








S 




























i 






















































10 
























0) 
















li 






S 


3 
^ 














g 






&: 


g 








^ : 






& 


*;;= 


d 


>-i 


• 















i 







Oi 






d : 









ba 


e*H 


■2 












rt 


a 


(M 


Q 






a : 






^ 
u 


'S 


■|^ 


CU 















e 


fl-k 


■J3 


c-i 






ft : 








e 


^C 


n 








>> . 






? 






OS 


4.^ 







W) ■ 






rt 


42 


0" 


- M 


C 






-d : 






u 




s 




OS 

1 

■3 





ur 


^ 


1; 






■< 


S 




-d 




OJ 


fl 




"i 


s 




§ 


■fH 

'0 




bo '- 







< 


rO 


^H"- 




ft 




"+3 




J 


s^ 


Oc 


m 






OS 








•^ 


-dC 


i,g 







w 


1 


2. 

c3 P 


'?3 


[0 


• o : 


1 






M 






gn 


r3 c 

^1 


§ 




P.S « . 








w 




CP 








M 

<< 

H 


p 




•2 
'1 





Ifl^ : 










"3 c 


"3 -ii fe: -fj 03 53 • 







H 

CO 

1 


s 
d 

S 


^^ a 


~''" '43 m a> S 03 ■ 

■3S^°gi : 

■«_ Mrs*'-' d . 
-^rf <s aj H . 






►J 




A 


•O-i:: y 


S^ 








P 

M 


C tioa 

S 0) 










C5 


oj 





' D <P CO a a "S 0) 

^°coe:^^o 

1 s 










s 




•ON 








^ 




iM CO 


BP'Bi 

























I 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



191 



'75 Si— I 






P. 



00 00 



'Oft 2 

is? « 

(11,3 iO 

> ft c3 



S2""SS 



t= -5 



3^ t:; ft.a 
=3^ g^g.S 



ft 



ft^2 

C M i> 

ft'3 ^P'H'C 
g ft^ fl.S 

.n I .s-^-c 

a '--s i^'w 

fl °^^ ta' 



•3 Ji O > OS 

11 a -S 
5S.Soa 

:: s^ «-:§ 

d t^ fcl o.g 

M +j'w o a> 
+5 o PI o (- 

rt o '^ <D « 
^ O -r^ >> tH 



p3 p g g O 

p c« •■13 a s 



C t^ o Cftf 

'^ 'Tj T^ ft be 
cD-rt ° So O) 

g O C •" o 

ft"^2-° 

a'«^s>' 

■M C Jj • 03 

^ ft? s °^ 
2§ i-S ^ 

g S'O o > 
aj a ^ t< tn 

a3"2 St! ft 

§°as^sc 









2o9rf.2tj).S 

ft tn !-i ^ B " 

a=" ftc.g cs c 

o t>i g ra j-j aj OS 

■" '3 "^ L^ '^ 5 <D 
^^ i> a rt IK^ 2 

;>'§5^ftO'ro 
UftSSSgg^ 



3 o 0; d 

J t^ fH O 

'" ' a » 

OS t*-. ft'Ci 

H 'oj 3 

1 S. 01 r- 

H M "^ 



d S ^ 



-o 



ft bo 

a.s 

^ d 






o OS'; 



^ 



3^: ft 



a a 

ce5 






^S^ft 

3gd^ a" "Sg 

. S-^5c«d sS 

1 d i>o2"S '^rt d 
3a>d-i-^o''-<S3 

•S-;; d 3 



<'^ 



d/q °P^,'-'rH-"2 ft 



ir-i-^ ft 
.d^S-^o°-°^ 
' -d r, t! aJ i^ 

s|°SgS^dftq 

3 ^ 50 S oS ^" 
D "3 .S t^ OS ^'" 

0at '' 



? a ftd 



■^ d - 
hr, 9 CO 



OS oS 



■3 go 

a §>. 

'■^ do 



^D^d. OS 

_ d? d^ o^-p o;f^ 
cs-^, 3 o o^z; ^_mo ( 



^T, S.2 "^ -"g o 

boos ^.Ji ° aj=^^-g i, 0- ' 



3 boos S.2 ° aj=^^-g i, 2-: 

D^S3ftdO'^DS°gi 
i -r* 2 -S -S n S' ii CD d g g " 

g.y cs^ d, 0) di^-g 



■ssa 

5 OS O 



gasJs 

■■;3 n U ^■-" 

d^a^^co 

•rt "--MO 

a -^ ^-^ 

o'C o tu o 
■r) o P 

^ a^ tD-c 

■:3.S o - - 

o> n — 

^ o ^H d 

03 " 0).=. 



2-Q 






_ d ::: 



«.3 S-^ J 



m 



^ .a 



d !:i 



StR ; 



'^ gf od.g 
d ^:i^^=^ 

I do^ .^ 

S "" a ^1 d 
a 22^ga 

^ . OS 4H •'H bo „ 

■Mo 'S, ^ t^ o 

-^ S &'« d § ft 
■ft aS^-^-^- S 

S <D OS ^ o ^■3 
cs-g^*- o ftd o 
ja r"-t^ d o o , 

.-5^Sfcf3|« 

' OS 



M d M"^ 
03 ,-^ -Q-Oc 



d M 
S o 



; be 5 



<D 



ai o Q a-: 



.<Bt 



•s-§>^oa 

■^^15.2 
•?, "o p; ^, 



g.23 

uH a 2 






?•" d 2^ 






-K S 



o o'B^ ftw 2 

'Si; ^ g =* ei 5 

-.a g-" H.M 

^ ' o g ^- >, „r 
'='^■^■".5-0 d 
_aj a> d (<! os,^ S 
■Q ^ "a d aJ a 

■SSSsa 



■S CO Otrt 

^ ? ■ d 

dSo-" 



2Sd|° 

■^ M U f-. 

^8g 



-c a d 

•53 -2« 
,d d"=^ 

>>=^d 

^ 0) s 
aj5 S 



rt o ^ 
•MiO'O 

.Sto O 
■hd :o ■M 



192 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



30 -^ I>lQ 






CO O (M (M Cft 



CO C^I>1>- CO 



<D o P 4:2 



-«lO lO iC lO O VO o 
glM <N C^ (M CO (N C^ 



lO to lO 



o oo oo 



OO 
<MrH 

00 o 






CO O C^l lO 

O lO CO CJ 



Til OOOOO 



CO cocococo 



oo (lO Tl< C7S0D 



OOO 

oio od 



oo 

OlO 
1-1 (N 



iCO lOO 
OiO C~5 lO 



00 ooo» 



"52 



O D* 



■fl a, 

I "3 'Sea' 



t3 Qj t-i s 



^^ 



"3 1) 






'aw a 



'•;3K c'S^-'^i; .CO ^; °= 5h ; 



■!-t ft'd 



03 g CD 0) p " 
H M t) 1 



r-H rW ^H 



!Hi si|iiissitirJ 

O rR bC^ K '^ •--. =^ +;^ O q; CO ••-' r-> —- ri ? C3 

5 g " O = > ° S t^^-S ^j3-OJ='3§-^ CD 

, T!i Ti 7) O r/-' fe t< C Ti ^ W S 2 O '-' c3 o 4^ ^ 

o c-Gs -I M I Ss " g ^ ^ ^:i«^ g^ 

d^ . . . ... 

O & rt ^ i^ 



S Oi 



a o 



5.hSS 



^2 - 









<3 ^ ?■ 



0) t*.75 ri: > -~ 



_2 a 
Ji-T 

apg 
^2s 



c3^ fl 



-,-, j " o jVij a 



c3 ft 

15 



So 

1 c3-^ .S N ° 2^ - 

:'3'«Oci cs'c a o^^ 
l-SSoT'S'^SaS^'g 

!§^-gss'sS|;Sa 

r^'So-gfeW « o 
^^s-aoe - - 

«> oW 



as 

Of ^ ft 






•ON 



c£)I> COOl OtH 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



193 



eovi ^t^ 



ooooo 

lOOOCD lOO 



ooooo 

IM.(MtNC^<N 



oo oo 

CO CO CO CO 



lO lO lO lO lO o 
IM (M C^ CS W CO 



OO oo 



ooooo 

lO OO^IO o 






It m 

.'5) 



!P Co 
^ O .. 

■• c a s 

? O O t: 

O - r^ 

il! ^ S 

C.-S-w 

o3 o 

fe fin 






13 a< 



LO ^ 4J O ■ 

^c 9 cp o 



O ti >' tH 

G O-rt O 



CP ' 



03 






2-3 



^.2 









^2 
o 



32 

- 01^ 



fl S3 



^ w g on o 

O CP o Sh" °^ S 

5gao£^ 
CSC-Tl o 

03 .„-.ti ti 5J <p 

cS c5 p^ 



O ai 



'C ft* 



"■Oi— ( 



<P ci S 

S^ Ph S 1=^ ^• 



; d-5'3^ g^ 



oioio iz! O 



2 cs 






I a^l 



1 c ..-t;.-^ ^ h-r^ 



3.0 3 _ 



s.^ 



c3 



I d C. 
CSoJcooQCb 






O t^QO 05 O 
(M (M C^ C<1 CO 



HCO CS-J t-rH 

12; 



TS oiO^ 



£e-2-""-c 

w J2 ^-i c5 O oj ::^ 
t< ^ m" oi h >ji i; ,^ 

•^ „-gig«H-§ 

<p g rt ^ '-■+^ ----«' 
■S « M o3 +i M ■» - 



t; a^ 



o3 iy; _• ,y o 



o n 



o 3 a^ ci3' 



'dlz; 



S2oc|o|| 
-gS.3J"-g6^0 

CO C *^ ft^ t^ 
o^.- » g 



MQ-cuScgj^iz; 



, m O) OJ a 

t^ ^ ^ M 



^^^ 



5a 



rt 02-=! 

w e (3 o 

S " p . 

.2 c3 tp a 






« M 



bjOK 



^'E <P 



g a 
^ (p 

O u 
<u ft 

Is 



O.QJ ^'S '-^■^ ft-^ 

^s^g-Tja^sg. 

'^ £ c3 =^ ^ 2 53 C o 
cc cs 'bi 2 <P !!ll 
^ - -- ^ '^ 
013 



<P 0) 



bOoTzl 

S ^2 
c'^ -2 

^o~ 
." -*-^ "^ 

o Eh o 

!^2T 



soa3^b^^'a5-5§2 



rS Ji o 2 p.g 5 '^'H'% 

LI Sc^-'fl ci'C!';^ g iD^-i^'m 

"^S o g-cpg S-g S C d 

-=3^CgM-^gKg,SS 

Sg^,=3^g^6g-^1g 

|&|fg^gS.|gSd 

Otc 3ft<P'0-?rrt-- 

p^pqgSoO fto 
-, ^„ C^ cj,, 
eg *-< ib " 



159a— 05- 



194 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 













1^ 








lO 


lO 




ta 






in 




















m 
















(M 








I>I> 


ea in i> 




in CO 




in in 




m t-^ 




m 






_! 


t-* 


-^ 




o 




OOI^CO 


I:^I>ca CO 








00 CD 




l>CO 


CO 


m 








C^ 




CO 




'*ooin 


0.-lrt IM 




05C0 




in CO 


CO CO 


cjicq 


m 


S 


(5^ SpOQ 






's 




C^ 








■ '^ 


^' ^" ^ ^ 




"rt 




r-H 


I-ir-< 


•^ 


^ 


J 






•^ 
































educ- 
on to 
nited 
tates. 






^ 


lO 


lO 




in 




lO lOlO 


inicio lO 




in 10 




lO in 


mm 


m^ 


m 


m 






i 


!N 


IM 








C^ <M!M 


<N(NO) (M 




coc^ 




Cl (N 


IM(N 


Old 


<N 


IN 


oi-^^w 






^ 
































^ 
























lO 














0) o 






s 

e 


CD 


OS 




o 




10I> 00 


COCOO 03 




oin 




00 C<1 


CM C<I 


OS 


00 


"* 






O 


Oi 




Tf 




tOrHO 


TfiOlO to 




COI> 




i>- a 


c»ot 


coco 





CO 


So-t5 








M 








■ ^ C-l 


rHrH i-H t- 




T-IiH 




T-H 


tH 1- 


r-<rH 


C-1 


ci 


M S 






!? 
































P-l 






Cl 






















• 










ai 






^ 


o 


o 








ooc 


OO 







OC 







00 


00 








m 

<D 






3 












cccocc 


COCO 






CO CC 




CO CO 


COCO 




CO 


CO 








i 


































G)- 








o 


o 




c 




ooc 


OOO o 




oin 







00 


C 







'S 






£ 


O) 


cc 




t 




loaicc 


1-IC^iO cc 




00- 




CD ^ 


"* TJ1 


oco 




00 






e 




(M 








't- 


r-irHi-H r- 




i-ir- 




■-^ 


r-Ji-i 


rA I— 




T-H 


-o 






3 
































o 






C| 
































^ 
















































































































1 
























































D< 
















































































































O 








c 






c 


































C 








o o c 


O O O C 




C 




C 


c 


C 


c 





'3 








5 


"C 




5 




rC'O'C 


TJ'O'C "C 




'C'C 




-C cc 


t3'C 


13 "C 


13 


•C 














c: 
























































"" 


















































a) 


o 
















^ 


13 

01 
4h 










bJO 


a 
03 










ft 


'it : 












"3 
















d 












•3 


s 










s 


§5 : 












-i^ 






















1 






;-> 






















a 


0) 
















0" 





ft 




r^ 
9 






■*^ 


t3 










H 


CO tH . 
!h 01 . 
0^ • 

So '• 

Q) ^ : 
>'c : 

■^S : 
m 01 ; 

ili 

^S : 

iSrO 

|S : 






01 




g" 

a 

o 
"3 

a 

CD 


0) 

o 

•t-1 
Ol 

c 

en 

a 

03 

c 

O 










^ 




e 

a 
c 

0. 


ft 



•5 

03 

i 
1 




t3 



c 



0) 




03 
OJ 

to 

_bp 

'S 
•0 

c3 






1 

01 
ft 

3 

c 

bi 


cS 
>> 



C 
03 

X3 






m 




■ 0' 

: 3 


d 

oj 


1 

O 
1 

d 

H 

« 




a 

T 
■fl 

o 

1 
1 




O 
C 
oj 

'0 

0) 

fl 

a 


O 

i 

o 
o 

c 
c 


§ 
S 


c 
c 

a 


) 




6 
S. 

o 

o 

3 
'■iS a 


il 

11 

I'a 

(DOO 


'S 

03 
> 

I 
% 

•6 






C 

13 
o> 

s 

p 
<p 
'3 






■m'C bo 

a'r-& 

^^ 






ftS <^ 

QT3 tj 


1^ i 

i5'0i ; 

«a : 


6 


1. 


1 




c 
o 

a; c 

"3 = 
O 1- 
o 

a 
.gc 


*s 


7 

CO 


c 

5. 






„ a 

■C 


a1 




ft 
01 


^ 




p^t 


|| 

" 0: 


^ m 

= 
1 OP 

ia = 


0> 




3 


o 


-d 

0) 


J' 

cii- 

01 

,.gp 

fi=3 ^ 


o 


C 
^- 

c 

1 

c 


% 

o 




hoc 

s. ^ 


fH H 


01 

ft 

bjo-=> 


a3 


Sot 

P c 


1 

'c 


^^to« 

III! 


a 

o3 
C 
<V 


■4 ^ 

0) 

2f 


ro"d" : 

CO \^ • 

^ . 

a- : 
%l : 








c 
o 
o 

1 

c 
? 




-03 ^ 




1 


u 

o 












0) .. q; 
oj a^ a; ^ 


<u 




Jo 


SS : 

.2 cu^ 














> 

c 

1 


g^- = 

*i 03 ce o: 
be 


rjj 0) ajT^ ^ ~ 

5:35 SI- 

P o> S.S'3 c 




0: 




■J 

0) c — 

ft 


.^ac 
to=^s 


8,1 


^11 








Z 


<J 


■< 




c 


-3 

o 


e« ^ 


q5 C ^ <;.' -^ 





U 






s 




5 








a 








c 


^ 






















•ON 








s; 


-J* 




~^ 


~ 




i^ 




■y3 


m 







^ 




CJ 


yuBx 








M 


CO 




V 


CO 








CO 










CO 




CO 






rji 




^ 






■^ 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 



195 









O <N lO i-i CO ^ (M Ci 



oo ooo oo 
coco CO CO CO coco 



CO CO CO CO 



«o O 00 CM 00 






.5,— f* °* 






7J i-H o 



T" (M 1~ 

S C o 



oSO p 



oo ooo 



:c« -s g 



■3 H 



to ^ 0) 

f^ . bo 

<^ m " G r,r 5S '^ 









ft, 
P o 

CO n. 
C 00 

ftP 



•a . 
£ S 

o fl 
wo 

■S r- 
^§ 

!^ 

o ° 



cs^ 



^ft ^-^ 



o5^^ftO&^^«_ 

I n _ '?i 3 - Sh ^ 

S°Sfi;2§2p 
s ft•>^ oj-d g^g H „ 



fH aj c t-j 

fthH 2 s o 

.S 1-1 £ 03 ^ fcf 

PftSx- cS 

HOg§ a-3 

■^ ^ a) o "S Ort 

2^ M rj .'t: o 3 

3 <u S 3 



ay 



fH m t> 

=*ag 

O) Sh '^ 
O o3^ 

<- o-g 



Is 

, 53 



^■S'S'S'Sa. 



^„2 S c3 
^ Sh O ^ w 

<; 02 cjf 



5 tH (u o bo^ " " c ' 



3 o_5 



SS fria3xi=l°o3o3cS^iK'gill<5fl!-; 

;?tH3_MiM^"S^-gcobo^c^o30 

.3 |3 . ^ to .rt m .a ft _- .Q S; S O c3 iH 

«^'col-^:^|i^Pdtaga6 



S - S" 

to gtj o3 • 

^ ^ Sp 



S? 






cd 



ft,g 






0)'"' 

S; r ° a3 
r; f=! & ^^ 

.s'a^ • 

^"S o a 



o3 ft ^-r^ oj ';:i 



Z^ 



"^ 03"^ 3 
g O 1=1 " 



0) o3'0 


?/7 


S^d 




m*- 3 




3 c £ 

o3 ""^ 

a5.s 





a t.'c 





aj <u 




"■^■S 




1^ b 

tH " 





■ii°>> 


MH o;z; 


03 








S^ 2 


03 




q=) 


cu'3 0) 


•d 
m 



-o ■ 



ti o ^ 
T3 m 



^-e 054; >,- ^ 

3 Cq^ aJ 02 a> 

0-3 biJ O ftO 

'C-2.3 gr-H^-S 

03 bo-E'3.g > 
O o 3 ftrC •"■--. 
-g o O , "! 1> *^ 

'd t- 

f=l£ 



'C 



-a 



rr! ^ o3 1 



o o o 



to '-' 

>Hgg>.St2H 
O in-" 30 03° p 

g = S o i o^ S-" 
o 3 3 t^-S St: cz 



p: " n'.S.o 3 
c3 >. 3 ,w 3 O ft' 
^33502; 



-So '" ;• ' „ ^._.„ . 
5 '-S .d oi S'-pS » 

■2.ii g g " £ s o g-dS S g § o-s 0) 
«3^ ^■g.SH^o.^gSmg 



196 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



ft Sibco 



tf State 



000 000 

C; lO O O LO iC 



000 0000 o o 

01^0 (N T-) CD 01 lO tN 



^ ^ lO O L-- 



000 000 



(N'MIM C^ CJ C^ (M <NC 



000 0000 



10](MIM C^ <M 



So 



lO OC^LO OL^O) L-^ lOOCO lOiClOiO 



t^ CDCO(N 



CO CJ lO lO C^ r 



CO 10 IC CO I> O^ 



5 lO lO lO lO »0 



VOlOlC lOiOiOiC lO »o 



C^l (N tM C^ C^ (M CI C-^ d (M C^l CN CJ CM <M C^ C^ 



000 OOC 



000 O (M 00 



1 rHCOCM IC 






tiC'C%4 



"^ s ^ 

S sh m 
C O tj 

_-c''5) 






er9<f 



I ^g- 

CO Nq 



O « M n 

"a tu S 2 oT 

O '^ -^3 X! "£ 

'o tj o r ° 









H&^K 



c3 03 






— g 03 fi g 



tH 0^ OJ 0-— 



S (U "i* ?i 



io3 
01 o 



^ A ^ 

rl^-'ci 
•S o'O 






^ P^iO tH ^ 2 »c -* 

^asSH'ii'-'o-Si-r-M 



op I 



at^ci- 



oi , 



! Arc -.^ 

I 3^ a; P,o 0). 



■ C 



I'd 



j3' 



-O o 

ill 









O » O >H o •; 

aa? 



a m&: wi 

ftftt-nP-i 
PhPh 
O O 
00 



£gftS.ga2"ra3«- 

,-,'-'- m--" . <i> -- -i^ ^-rl 
3i3 bjc,^ '-^cH'jj.g-gH ^._ 



.s a s^ 

o5ts I? !? P^;^ m.2.2§s 



•ON 



10 LC lO lO 






HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



197 



OOO OOCOO oo 
OOiO OOOiC OiO 



CI lO I - CO 0; 



O OOO OOOO oo O OOO 



CO CO CO CO 



lO lOiO(>J OiOt^<N lOI-^ 



ic in 

3 00 00 



I>-l>CO Ol-^O-^D dOO CO (NOtH 



CM <NCN(M CM CM 'CM CM CM CM CM CM CM 



O OOO 00^*0 OO O Ot^iO 
(N OOiO OOOiO OiO CO CMOi-H 



^P 






^1 

0"2 



C ft 






r a>„ 



'Cm 

S ft 



P!5 



S tic 

o g 



O SoG 



>i w g< 



'a s d 






3!K-g E 



T-S 5 i! 5 



=s Gi«7i 0) a^ rt o ^^.SisS S SOS'S" 

a>^g^^-|S^g'.r-3d-^ft3S 
C5 35^«;35^ a o =15^ S« =^Q o^ 



Q ft - ^, 



^as 



El's ... g ....... . 



Nli-i 



o o p 

W (V) tv 



m ft 

a^s 

as 



Or-; H G 




,3 13 



5S« 

o o . 



.^V. 



S 3 ?^ d X 

'^ rr-' • !h "^ 

c S £ I ft 

■ ^ll^^s 

^ ^ cu ojSS 
~ C 5 -^ -g" 



> ft£ 'S oi .S 
^ " oS^ t3 

5 d m f-l fl "^ 






: c i' 



„ 3 5 



;it!. 



SgoH 









r!2;.2! 



' o b£ ft O !^ 

gfift"-a 



!^2 



^^ c 



O+J OJ 



otn 



>g 






3 ftn os-oiH 
a 3t;^ ■ 



O "^ i 



bgS' 



(u-i « ftgrn 



S oj^ a o ftcu "^rt-.Q^'O 



o o g 



i-^iaVi- 



oi"^ 



^O o a; 

■aa 






O 'O ^ -^ - 

^-C fl^^ o-g 



<3 05 5 o 






^iC <U -C! 



,i1 !-IO 

o aJr^ 

oSX2 . 

■^ ° ° 

O tH 



S SOp 



o) 6 



^ 



0) 



<DpJ ft !3 ■'^ 

CC 3 =s Ot3 
- -^3 fcD hcZ ,g 



-On 



c > g 5? 
"SftSg 

a-a.S'o 

o-^^ tioi::! 
K t^ ^ '" 

03 -^^t 1=1 

O ©■" OJ 

o 3 ^< 

cB >;-g o 

^ '' ftn 
--; iH oi o 

^■2 fit 
'3'3'" 



cu o-^ 



<U a IS O rj 
C H O ftsj 






a' 

«3 rt 'S o 1 
O cS t.< O i 



o ft 

^1 



'^ ft'^.S 

tlE ft a 0) nj 

C S ^ i3 s- 
3 ° <u O),— I 

„ o g^ o 

a5^.i3 



;i^ 




^ 


CB 






^ 






0) 


OJ 


cs 


C 


a 


^ 


n 











-tli 


■^ 


ft 


C 


a 






ft 












ft 





q-l 






198 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 









lOlC 




lO 
































in 00 
















^ _ 






I> I^ CJ 00 






in 




lO 














resen 
ate to 
nited 

tates. 






t^ C^ CDOCO 




IM 


00 


o 


t~ 


TtHlOH^ 


OOTt<00 




CO to 


i-HOO 


ooooo 






Tj! ■ in Cl rH 




Tfl 




in 

CO 




'co 


lOrHrHinO 
CO m' ■ 1> CO 




l-H T-H 


OJiCiO 
'1.300 




p, upco 




C| 


























. -_ . 






O CDOO O 




o 


o 


o 


o 


ooo 


ooooo 




oo 


000 


0000 


edue- 
on to 
nited 
tates. 




"^ CO CO CO CO 03 




CO 


CO 




CO 




COCOCOIMO< 




coco 


COCO CO 






o 




























^ 


























Pi-i3tDM 




•^ 


























_^ 






lOO in 














lO 




inTf 






S 0) 






Cv| (N O I> --d 




o 


in 


o 


in 


ooo 


ooor-m 




O2C0 


000 


0000 




s 


00 CO 00 in CO 




«3 


in 


o 


o 


OJiOlM 


O O <N CO C~ 




y-iO 


eooo 


OrHOO 


02 +J 




CO ' i-^aic^ 






IM 


in 




*-^ 


in CO *as CO 






"id in 


r-Jr-HCDin 




o 


























Ph 




Cl 


























a; 






ooooo 
























in in 




oo 
















d 




s 


CO CO CO CO CO 
























cq (N 




coco 
















o 

CI 
1— t 




i 














































a3 






inio o in o 




O 


in 


^ 


in 


ooo 


OOOOO 




inoc 


000 


0000 






5- 


(MO)Ol>0C 




u= 


in 


o 


CJ 


IMiOO) 


oocMino 






cooo 


0^00 


s 




il 


iri ■ «3 <N rH 






(N 


in 




'tjJ 


in CO 'i> CO 






'lOin 


rH rH CO in 


T3 




o 


























O 




C| 


























-& 




























































































































03 
3 






























































C 






























































o 






o 




o 




C 








o 




o 




o 




o 


§ 


















S o ':;3 c 






C 


C 




s ° 


a o ■-'S c 






r:3 C 


0000 


■fl 






^"O bc^T; 




S 


'C 


-C 


bi 


) ^'O Si 


1 ^ -a bt^ 'C 




■3 to 3 -3 '3 


'3'Td'3'3 






o 


^ o 




c 








o 


r— 


o 


.-H O 




r-^ 





















'ri o 




o 








o 




o 


■r^o 




S5 





















'-' 


M rH 










ri^ 




,i^ 


. iH 


Mr^ 


















?' 




















1— 1 


^ 








^ 




























































05 






























o 




















ft 


d 








3 






























1 




















s 


a 






































d 






























HH 






























s 




















Eh 


O 

3 








ft 












tS 


















w 




^ 
















^ 


t 








s 






























s 

g 


















d 


tao 




















a 




















6 
















O 








^ 












s: 


















§ 




cp 






s 








'3 


s 








^'- 








« 




C 


. ^ 


















o 

0' 






c 








CD 
ft 


g 








d.2 






O 
^ 




a 


d 














1-^ 
< 
l-H 


■d 


0) 
o3 




■3 c 


CO 






73 

o 


3 

"3 








csH 










S^ 


"Si 

o3 












d 
o 

o 

2 

Q 


W 
u 


"i 

>< 
o 

Ah 


o 

I 

1 

g, 

<? 
1 


so 

0) 

t> 

Fh 

o3 

O 

a 

03 




o 

- 6 
1 


c 


: a 


a 

•a 

03 

■ o 

•ci 

03 

'^ 

n 


§ 

ft 
o 
ft 

a 

3 


c 
p 

'a 
> 






'O )— 1 

od'a 

3.i!(&^ 




S 
g 

a, 
-a 
s 
e 




C 
t- 

c 
e 


3 

"3 

3 

ft 

1 3 

-Ci 

. 3 
^ 03 




c 


^ 
C 








o 


111 


CJ 




Ct: 


Ph 


o 


fc; 




.3 3 . 35 


O 




c- 

a 
e 

1 

c 

F- 

c 

"a 
e 

,1 

c 
p: 




- 

=1 
P 

3 05!+ 

000 < 






>-> 
o 
1^ 

o 
^; 
■< 

H 
CO 

1 

l-H 


p 
o 
« 


o 

o 

O 

h 

o , 
o c- 


5 


t>0" 

a e 
11 


g 

I. 


C 
f- 
a 

c 
c 
c 

F- 
c 

c 
c 


Sfe 

3 "^ 

^! = 

O !- 

-II 

o c 
o e 

'3 
S = 


o 

i^ftT: 
0-1 




o 
ft 

^^ 

o a 
o c 

'3i- 
§^ 

CSC 


o 

Q) 
O 

o 
-^ pi 

M IK a 
3 e-c 


c 

a 
e 

h 
1 

- c: 
C 
b. 


gS03 
o3 3 -!-i 

OS"" 
^°Sft 

sxibcg.S 

3 fe''^cJ 
H ;; ojE-i 

o ? t> 
!-i tH .g . - 

.. to -a5^> 
"5 -g bD-O .> 


1 

CO 
Oh 
P 
O 

M 

5 


c 

CO *" 

■c c 

C-- 
X3 3 
^^- 

ftc 


" -ft . 
■3 g'2 t. 

gwac 









t< itS'E 




■^ 






5^ 


-^ 


tl 03^ 




a 




3 

HH 


^ 




o 




W CH o o < 




|2 


■^ 




o 


^ 


"< >p: 




ic 





•ON 






OsOrH -■ C' 




Tj 


in 




CO 


t^ 


00 02C 




iH 


IM 


2; 


UFJ^X 






t~ 


•0( 


ij 


0( 


) A 




0( 


5 00 




00 


00 






CO 






oc 


CT 




05 




cn 






03 









HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



199 



1 ^ CO -r -t< c I ctj 

Ol L^ »H O C^l O 



O O C-1 o 



o oo o o oo oooo oo 
CO coco CO CO coco CO CO CO CO coco 



•5 " ^^ 



00 lO CO lOO vOOl-^co 



] CTil> O COrH 



6 a 



0000 00 
cocococo coco 



10 00 10 CO iCO OOiOiO lOO 

(M oco Tj< o t^ 00 loor^o (Mt-h 



00 



.2 cs 

^a 

5 ° 

o aj 

°J 

■o o 
a>^ 
n u 

-C o 
o 

•a'a 

Ol 
0) O 

■^ o o 



ft ^^o 

'pH M KJ c3 

i sag 



■2 .2 .S =^ 

p? K ID a> (p 

° ci 't^ 'E 'C S 
'C ='- o o o 3 



Q-S 



H^fl^ 



a-' 



ft . 

O (33 



cS OS'S o 

00"= 'S 



bo 



2; 

9|^a 

-;i*-i'-4j ft 
&o n OS 

• S u, CD O 

a^aoj 

, ■ 'E >^.3 

cs ^^ C1.-J-I 
^^ m o 

S g 2 ^ 
*! n "^ O 
Ilia 

g=«ft33g 



^'C 



a> <D■cj^-^ 

ts OS of ho 

f^ w ^ CD 
O oS oS 



G 0) (D (D 



o Pl 5 o " 
<p _^ '^ Ef^ *^ 

llSa'^ 
go ^'o^t'D 

r-^ O-iS oi ^ t^ 

Isoa^g^ 
g&°ga.a= 



^3 ^ 

S '-^ 
t. d G 
o d 

"I3 <D 

S o o 



OS 



a^«- 



'o o< 



"SSc" 



< ID 



SS'l^aili 

bo 



00^0 
cu G t^ o 

ri OJ — 
O 



"!2 =^ <" § 



oDOO 



05 .-(D 
<D fl O 

2|§ 

<D« O 



22J 

000 



o o 9 



OS a. 






a.5f 



CD D 

§a 






." o 

cS o 



a -s 






is ^^^ 
• - -^ •^^ -S 

■■cO« 



s » 






a; o 



G CD ; 
"2— I 






3.^^-SSt, 

O •'^ fil "I' <D 
5 =,-1 "■ 02 2 <D Xi 
; OS,-^ '^ 0St3 

^S4.-.2 



5-5 s-d 



3 S >> 



'm iO ^ . 



S5a s 



oj n oi -5j 









OS m 3 

3.t| 
I0 



J3 m+j Or3 

*f 0) p, Ol g 

2 2 ^ . OS '^ 
0|3 >-.c^'^ <D 






0) 



c3 O 05 

a'^l 
■a.2a 

03 t> 
O G O 






•S— I w 
T3 G o3 

o 01,2 

0) a i 
1.^1 



cS 'd O ^ C 10 



bo 



,s-2^a'g 
boas 2:1 

•S 2 J'"" l-H 

2 ^^ -r-l r-- Qj ^ 

a 2^ 3 ^±! 

■2cj2><7l.P 



Lajst; 



O rH 



^&a^^ 

o hoq Q,,^ 
cS.S ^^^ 

J3 o3 —'■-I (D — 

005 2 05 



-^ _ O iD'C 

2'" f^-o G 
a ■■;; : G 3 

OS o o S-S^O t, H-^ o d 

^'§^boag"-"s"i-'H, 

l2°.5^ft§§^5"5S 



rr-o'S^a 



■5^=1 



00^60 



001 ,Q 



a s; 
wg"©aS^-ogoHH 

» a-o 00 g^ 

s !2; p. 



200 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



if[;st3cc 



coo 



tH O i-h i-l 






oo o oo 
coco -^ -^-^ 



IM<N CJC^ <M (N 






000005 (N 
' T-H lO CO iC 



CO CO CO coco 



CO CO CO CO 



rHCOCO ^ 



%^'d 



^ bp 



A". 

(=1 ^ 






.CO C !h 



ft 









S ^ . Oj ■* 01 ■ 



m =3 






&« a g s g 

H-^ a '^ 
a --S CD SS, 



. bo 
beo 

■^s^a 

!h s; cp 

.o^i c3 

^C^ 

'rC ■^ O) 
w ^ ^ 

lis 

OO 



-9 






CS 



oj o 
C G 

a s 

,-.£; 
e o 
.ft 

c»>l 

a !h 

043 

§1 



9 0( 



H ^• 



&! S'O 



:^M°^' ^ lis s^§i 



a ao 

03 •■ oS H 

§Sft*^ 

■60 0) g « 
S tH a o 

al-^l 

2^ it 

.5-^ o ft 

_ 0) cd ft 
-OrrrC cS 

-§■§ S £ 



a 



■S2Sft-_^._^ 

Jr; fH j3 



S ES a 2'^V'^-^ 
^ ii S « c fe fe-. 

o^ a p< =3 00-3 

^llft-SSg-s 
— .poo 



'"^ , 



^ J p3 f-i L 
<la30oO 



~5ft 
o .S 
o-dp 

^ C3"— ' 

•S >.^ 

O O 0) 

00'-' 
00 



"^•^ CO " 

-I'd oi !-i 

tt (H f^ 0; 

2 O g ft 

1> cS '-' 

'. S o o 

WJS o S 



•ON 



OOOi-Ht 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. ' 201 

g 2 So 3 3 S3 

n CO p-t CO 0) ^ 

O >'S O " CO 



Oi o 

as 



^ ^a 



cio 
OJ •o 
*" ,1 



to "* ''^ "^ 

a ■§ °l 



o => m 






g g 73 H-rt osg SO-"3 >^ ® 

d -S css!^'otuo5a69 

<DCt,S-^<PdbcS„tH-rll' 
^T^'-^C.S^acSrtiSQj-^fl 

,„5cg.Ca>i!S .ggacl 
m t: rf "« S cu m o >" !d ^ !h ° 

^^•g'sa|g-g§=^£-| 

•n <i> ™r<P^''"'c! ^Hm'i " ^ • .^ © i iT 1^ oj r/TiLO) -•^!*=52'^ojc3-;*5cSS<'2 

g -^ .S*^g fl.^i ^|g g 9 0.0 -^ -C ^ ^ "S 1^-5 -Soo^c^o-g^g^^-S 

• I fls ! SIS 1 is-" I % I I I 5l« llsi^'S ^^f " 

" « ojojft °M cs3^ - yrftS .g -vi o -yt* =a oj-a.^ ft.S <u m 

& assail !i? 1 1h: i 3|!«lg 1! 5s i?iii! sisl=a 

iriliilll III iil-Jii|iis|:iii! m ii|ii iiMi 

|i'2sio-s||s =3|^ 'Sl^^§-i-S'2^'^S5-^-S§' |5| ia-§-gc o^ii^l 
?-a^o|^.g '- oa^ ^5«i^5^'s^-sS°^^'§Tr^ 'ill -s-sl^ir-l sllSa"? 

•f|o5 2||l^l i|§ ^i^l:r^^l«^l|?'l^iS ll^il.1 is?l1| 

?Sas^io| s|§ o^s-So.:g|2^ia||g°.o^-i ^Il!ll?:ii.ir5.fe 






2 "^rrt a M S-2 ^ 2 a^ s^s 03 1;*^ fl— a-. J) r ^ 






flEasI II §!lils?liiaSllEl|Slllli-^i IpllIM 

■ ■ PH'^PH„^5^q*::<;-g& 

■3 §0^2; .s^ a§ 



202 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 






^ O "^ Ci OS 



Cq CO(Mr-l(M 



tOi— I C0 00 03 
(M IC to eoio 
I-H rH rH (M CO 






ooooo 

CO CO CO CO CO 



ooooo 

CO CO CO CO CO 



<D 03 



i-H -M CO 'tP -lO 



OOt-H ^OOO 
rHIMIMCOiO 



50000 



OOOOO 



OOOOO 



• cor^ CO lo 



lOO t^ r^ o 

T-H (M C^ CO O 



lOooolM(^^ 

T-l i-H C] CO -* 



-(DO 
'd— 1 O 

rC CS,„ 

s <B ^J 

"5 " 
4J a) m 



o S 
a; bo 



-< SJ 















/3 .S S f< 

■t; M o ►-' 

C O °^ t, E3 

?'«o 
>i a; c- 



p*i 0^ o 



OJ O 

-^ -! ft 

2 cu E ti 

jS 

' o 
CKT3 O I 






OJ 



^2 



^„ „ 0) _ 



^ o 



'd jj p.^ 
Qj o g a> 

— -co 



>o S >■. 

PCO Orj3 

0) O (U o 

rt X ft - 

S S ft-d, 

o-»-» as O) 



"3 «= cod 
"d ^^ tjCCO. 

5asg|§^.g 

OS J-( g -^ -tn 7^ ^ rH ' 

=o ?* S ■^ g m':3 O 



^^ 



as 



O-^-rir^ 



t-i M cu c3.2+n*" ■ 



■"^ ci 3 0) oj 



H H 



aai^ 






a 

■^^^■^ 

•iH _ o) r 



'^H -^ o u 
C si <u_2 

5 O ^ ° =^ ^ m 
£ S ■^ _ K -G o 

S 3 U/ »v. 

XI .a ■» 






g . CU 

cj^ ^ ii 

,w -^^ -" -S 
'g n o > 

S? <D fl 03 
^ M o - 

>°ft^ 

'-co S"0 
OJ o g o 

■S 3 o o 
3 al-H o3 
a o3 OJ OJ 



■a 



01 a) a> 
u, t~i t~i 

■^■S 2 
_ aj 

gas 



r-C) OJ 



iT'O 



a> 3 



Wh 



^ S 3 *" -2 

S '^ ,Si ii '.a i-~ 
2 03 4- " ftg 

a-^^-gt^S 

=^^0 3 3 erfi 



•ON 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



203 






OO OOOOOOOO OOOO OOO 
COCO CO CO CO "^ Tji -<* -rjl Tjl CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 



rS " - 



fac-d.^ilo 



§'^ 



002 



COrJ< a5'^:DCOTt<'J3rt<CO -*HOiO00 COC005 



00 OOOOOOOO 0000 OOiO 

(M C^l CJ C^ C^l (M C^J (M C'J C^l C-l CI fM CI C) CI iH 



O OJ S 

.5 2 3 



I QQ 



-l<io oooi-^ 00000 

CI "^ O CI -Tt^ CO l- X' t- 05 



1 to lO C^ IC CI 



o 9 ^ 

a o <u 
^ n^ 
■a o 

B >- 

c 






>a '-■ o 

0^ fl o . 

o ^ "C -a 

o^ a. O 



3 bB 



^ 0^ 

o " 
&2 






« 



CO " a> 5 



•a I' 

o g^ 



oS^Z, 



0) o 
3 ^ 



o ^_;^- 

c " c • 
ft<u t^'ar 






!^ of >^ 

^^ g 






.9-^' 



o tuo 

O bo 03 =3 
5 III 



,-5^ ID Ol 

'g fl g- S o o g § 

^ § f-. 73 !-. !^ oj- of 
oHsaJOJaicDa) 
IS i^'O <^ fe fe > (> 
' cs ce 00 



5= r 



rgrg SOW) 

3S§§ 



) cS 5= 2 rS -K' ?'- ^ ^ 






'O 0), 



£ a 



S o a; S 
-5 =s f^ 



in 



. O cj 



-■Be: 



c3 3 Sfi x'' 



-- - w C o " 

^ '-S bj3 c n c o 

FQ ^.'O P t) M CO = 
1 a> 






o3 



(2; g 0) c o 

f-o^a-s 

S^S 3 ° 
--357; to 




JpO 

C'pti^ cS 



".^ 






01 o , 






^ O • cS . 

■25^!^5 

g " - ci "5 



ssa 



1-1 r-lT-HC] 



CI CI CI CI CJ 



3 



■^ g 2iJ fix '^'^.Q S 

S^'oS-ES .asS- 
^-t >j- — ^ *^ Ti '^ _c ^. ^ 



^|2i 






204 



HANDBOOK OB' CUBA. 



PL| nt^CO 



Qj a; 
fin 



5000 
a CO CO CO 



0) S K 

M 9 a> 

33 n 



CO co'p^ 
bcbc - 

33 g 

2 " c 
« X 1- 



H 



2 P.?:" 



-cf 



3&°3'S^ 

CS fe tH 



fl^ 



ftO)^ 



' o a) 



:«■■; 



t^S S? 3 



bjO; 



sg|5 



;2 CU oi 






-OOP 



33 fe ( 

.1=1 CJ OJ i 



is 5^ 
(D be 



CO ^ 



o g * g< 

-2 =» -^ 2 o 

'i''''^">3 ' 









r'^ +i , 



-cs a; I 

o o 2 



ID m cu O o ^ 



O^ 



,-0 o.; 



. ^ 



P o 



lis I 






q;> 



gg-.S 



o 5 (i^S^ S'Si-^'-g.s-^c ^ g o s 



«o 



a) ^ = c'C '-' "^ 



' 0) S 1^ - a-g' ag a ^^ sS g| 2^^ ^s'S-H 



^ ro p ^ "^ 



d 1^ d 

caa 

g ID O) 

■^^o o 
(1) tl fcl 

aSqc 



'O a> 



"■S3 



o c g^ 
t^ n o S ^ c 



C 6.^ 



, -^ '- -r^ S c la aj 

!-. O " 






tao 



, 03 cS 






n Qj taobjo 
O S ■S oj 
o.P'O'O 

SHOO 



2 e,o cj 




a 



o3.a K o 



o'O 



■ON 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



205 



^ :o Oi CI iCi 



OOTHrH C 



a ,„ 



ooooo 
CO coco CC CO 



ooooo 

CO CO CO CO CO 



CO 00 l> O iC 
O CO O l^ -* 
rH i-H C<1<M CO 



a;i^Or 

coo ^ c 

t-( OI CO ' 



lO lO iC lO ^ 



iC lO lO lO iC 



(NOOl^IXM 



tH O H 

oio q c 

^ C7) 0; C 



to 



13 



ooooo 

13 'O '^ 'CO 



'-I S o o 

^ a +--S 
SS§g:S 



'5.2 2 » 

' cS<- 

=a. 



p. -OS 
ft g M 

o5 03 a) 



^5 

tCj3 






ac 



S^ 









a^ ft '*^ -3, 



fto^^ O) o3 I 

P P 1^, O O U ^^ 

"nS o >.x^43 
m"E ""^^ =0 c3 .5 "^ 
^3+^ o-a S;-e^ ^H 
g,3 X g'-5 3 - ° 

<P I S OJ § i O'g 

gs^gio^S 



p-^ 



«ft B 








ci^ "i^ c5 


0-^ 






_-a 


■fi -^ 




as 


«>-^ 


^a 


^ « 1^ <" 


0) 

ftS 



» a) -; oj 

0) 



ft 



5 c3 OS O 
OS ftS 
-O o jd^ 

ftr-..^.2 

oi eS-c!+3 
-o-?g 
•r; f^ -g q 
o3"S o >> 



tHiO 



o^ 



&:", 



sa 





^ 




^ 


be 







•^ 




:? 


^ 




1 






4J 






■A 








m 






O) 




(1J 








C) 




D 






c 














cu 




Ol 






ft 


;^ 


;h 


ftca 









Ci 


10 


a 
p 







i-H 


^ 






tT 





-c 







,£5 


cS 


-5 


><! ho 




























O) 


^ 




d 


hn 


3 


J2 


C3 


•o 


03 


0) 


5 


'? 


M 


'% 


13 


CD 



a 


n 


^ 


a> 


c3 


ft 



P!(M 
0) 

o o 



P,ft [H ftr- 






%; R ^ £J 






CP tD 03 <1) ^ C" 



2^8'=^, 



ai & S K:2iS a> 9 op t. =i .J5-G rf -3 i" a o^ sh'^^,"'^ 



5j 3 oi^ ^.'S^S:^ a S 03 S 03 SV,^:-; 






S o3 cj a) 



' ^•=i'0 'S.-^ r 



' sj g CD K (u; 



.a 

ftCU 



20fg<;c3o-s?soo'« 
53 00 n 52+i'a 



j3pa;O^cDc3-£0^C0+J,i2oc3aj<:3-ugq32 

a--gs-'gSoSsga-^|'Sc^=oa. 
JS-s^saaas!"^^'^""^ 

a ftsft°°£^.£3 



oio to cj 3 d 
'2o5os£^Q 



ftg ftg 






ftftS ft 

O CO >^iO 
rd'o'g O 

2 f^ >-■(«! 

03 t-i ^ t-t 

~ o3 ^ o3 

& d > 

'O - c> - 
' ID (D cs 0) 

-■^^^^-C) cK d m 
' ^ cr ^- 03 .S C .S 

5,2 ;z; cuC cj-p 

s ci -s CD a 2 

55§Sx§c« 
■►-*f a g =3 d 03 

o o ° '-^^ S '-P 3 

-k^*-"^ O 03 Ci 03 

'^ 0) 03 3 ri d 

g g f- 3:Q so 
O o5 <» ca 

Eih[x,j:3£-i h 



t^ d.S d 

'2 _0 03 
d CO o _ 

tn^-S • 
•S bjo ° 

5S CD U 

a d^ ii 
i» "^ CP 
!^ E: ^ O 

"S^ d 
cuZ o+f 

"^ (D o ^ 



r^ a; O 

Rod 

m ^ <I> 

a),a o 
>-< Si 

t-t d ^ 

O m o 
m Co 
gftjf 

d d.a 
C bed 
2c'3 

53 a 

t^ o3 O) 

'0 a, 



OJ fl 



^ ^SO 

"d t< o «^ 

tC aj tc cu 

^ -^ ft-^^ 

d O C3 t' 

« o d 

<^-ji^ 



2_c^ CD 

-5 ft 



d S e-O «T3 v"*-^ 



is* 



d'Se^ji^'S'iJ"^ oi 



0; 

03 d ° 0^ 
Q25'dO| 



S-.5 



206 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



£Sl=)cc 



S? IC CD lO 

P rH 0> r-( IM Tt* 

O 



r-t cot 



1> O^ -^ O 



6 O"^ m 



oo oooo 



ooooo 

C>1 <M CN ^ T}< 



0) a> 



sr-l(NCOOO 



00 cN cooi i^ a> 



lO ^ lO lO IC lO 



; rH C<l CO lO Oi 



O O O (M O t^ 
CM lO Oi i-H oo 



oioooin 











> 





5 5 



a ft 



■-.9 
-0.2 

O Oi "^ 



S,ftgft 
^O c3o 

'JO 'So 

r— ^ lyj -_ i/J ^ Q 



O H 

03 Z; 






' o3 -* 03 



o CP5 ; 
,2 9^* 

C.~ in' ■ 
pj",^ COOi 

03 . . 



00 1^'' 



o -2; 



<; a> 



Qj OJ t:^ 0) "^ 



A 3 






ft '(3 



oj K m 



2SO 



a as 



rH-=3 






1 0) ^ 1) S.H 

i S § 3 ftrS id 

a P > 
5 so? 

a>4J ^ 



" ^ 



H H 



!S t. Oj S-g 

K 3 'a -3 .-2 

^ „- oj 1^ o) c a 

+^ ^ hof^^-M CS 

w OJ OJ En ■*-* O f-< 

P L, X QJ <U '"' 

a; o o fH o """!. 
. j^-d Si ftoiTj a 






bp s 



o o 
0^ 









5 0'«^ 



«-«gftg5i-ga 

03 cs .S '^ ■!-> 'G 






3 o 5? 

•Sgo 
ii "= bos fl 

-^^ 0) S 

■a o >-^ 
o o a^ o 

« oS5 

2«^a 

3 o^'O 
ft m ^ "^ 

tM g OJ 3 
o S boos 

.5 O > 3 
■^^ H o 



1 o ^ 



■OK 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



207 









£2 



eg p. a 

^•-^ 2 > O 



uS I-- 5 ;^ 5 



^^■^ga ^'g 






P3 aj cB 2 



CO cS 3 S p C g c 

IZ^ „ =3 _, O 0)1—1 

PC-S d-£o^ — 
2 i" tio+s 0) tj t> S 



^■aSS 



^"3) a 



mm 



Ti5 &.-S ^0) OCU 

'-'S '^Vv l'-'^ _ 

^ +^ O 3 O „ 'O 

^td tj £-!-> s i> CD 3 
M 'i::! O M 0) a-"^ O 

I i-. p ^ tao^r °-^ 
'-i'S-H P o-c.S 2 "^ 

rT fl C3 ^ X 1) c-C'*^ 

Sp-groCf^'di^" 

i3t3 a (S o d-w 



&1 0) 



-« ^ 



13 



35 

>ia> 
c-d" 



O P+Jt« 



•« S-i 



-2 S ^ 
3 m "■ 



« — p ftg-c ft-a 

■^ "Jli ^ ^ "^ ^ - 
1^ G j-j +;; ti^ P ©;z! 

S " a ": >^ 2 ^- 



, be. 



cj 



r^^ C a-^ Th ^ a) ^^ 

■ .G ^ i) r" xrg*^ fx 
'•■%j:i X ^ d o'^ o 

8pg^J|S.G|| 



.G P.'+^ >« .q' 
cdPh ^^ 0--. 




^ „ . St;} 

a^a.s'^l^-I^G 

P< S "" .,^' C K tH !-. '-' 

•-^iH'Goiaig^oGo 






puOb 
Oi'f-i P 

-1 G-lz; 
:^- . G 



fl^a 






P cS O ft 



. oP-t3^ 

!H -s p CD ., „-iJ S.^-r,' 



ftSS 


CD 


pr-H ft 

9 • =s 


> 


G 


;^ ft 


0)^ 


s'^^ 




lii 

.,^ P ^ r 


-go 



'oi o'' 



H3S-2t>.ft2Sb'S'-''-'CBGS 

G ^ ^-"-^ p 1) t< -K G «5 ft-G G 3C cB '•^ 

So a§ s ^5-^ 



Oi HH G ^ 

ft> 



,G ft 


* G a, 


m 1; 

. 


r-. a> _, 



H^ ci 



p OJ 



^t; 



ftG 

ftbo 
>,G 



P -g^ c o 



,G rrj O) 






c o 



G-O 
^ o 

c8 



(^ u 



CI| 



y Q !N C .p 

S t»pii 

P cS ,-,rt M =c -3 ,0 
o • n^ a^ rt =S 

x3i^o>pg)::^ 
p o3 p ^ K _;:_2 
bo's Oct . =s - 

5^S=^g°qS^ 



G S^ ft 
pH bo 



III 

G p-a 

|bOO 

a G ft 

gb a; 
'-' n n 

ro P tH 
HOP 
CD O O 
J2 oj (J) 

"|o 



>2 P 



■g ° p „ "S H 



G s a 



cjM at 



^ ^ =' 
*^ P o 

^ p Eh 
'^ "^ ^ 

0) >aO 



J3 ^ bo 



•S.2 S 



r-i C^l CO 



?tsS|!?|Sfi!lSs|6 

.£cc P-- '^ 05 p ftfcH4J° 'C o . 



208 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 















-.rt^ 






s 


CM 


^ 


CO 












to 




(NCO 


CD 






m 






p 
a; 


O'd m 








O O 




Tt< CO 











TI*CD'* 




cncjs ex 






COrH 


C^ 










COrH 




iH 


CO 


f- 






COTt<C^ 

CO 10 




i-i'oi Tl! 






r^ Oi 


00 


£ 


SfDoa 






f^ 








































CJC3 

















000 




00 






00 





3 








aiNSi 




03 CO 




CO 






CO CO CO 




CO CO CO 






COCO 


CO 


0) 


oaS 






1^ 






























P5 


St) 02 






^ 
































S a) 






M 


iC 




lO CO 










iH 




10 
















S; 


(M CO 






(M 


-# 






OOlO 




t^OS CO 






lOO 











^ 


CO.-H 




c 


10 









C>4 COCO 




(Nro Oi 






vOCO 


CO 




QJ C5 






O iH 








tH 






idi> 




CJOJ lO 






^ i-H 


c-i 




£ ^ 






Ci 
































0) 

o 
»— 1 


• 




i 


OO 

COCO 








CO 




CO 






^§1? 




CO CO cc 






00 
COCO 




CO 




• 








lO o 




to 












r- 




100 






00 







-2 






s^ 


C^tH 




Cvl 


Tt< 


CO 






OOCN 




C^CO CD 






100 







cS 






1 


tA 






" 






^ O 




r-ic^' "Jl 






COi-l 


c4 




2 






!s 
































o 






c^ 
























































































o 








o 






















































c 


c 









:d p 




so 






















1° 




'C 


T 


■O 


■c 











s 





•a 






'V'C 


'd 










O ''~i 





















s 





























S.i4 


















































be OS 




CO d 

si 

Sd 






d 


.d 0. 

d X 


















(3 






























1^ 




sU 


■CO 


.dM-T 




















H 


X2 

_d 




s~ 


S 














5?-S 




is 


?,^ 


■^ o3 


ze printing to be counted as three prii 
or in part in metal leaf, T. (Disp. Ill, i 
f the customs authorities, be required 
mber of printings, which certificate sh 


















,3 


S 




w 







c 
o 

o 


d 
d 

§ 

z; 
o 

H 
<1 
O 

HH 
1-1 

E-i 

H-t 


1 
1 

o 
a, 
S 

p 




a 
a 


•ds, and the like, 2 T. (Disp. Ill, rule 
graphs, engravings, and pictures; 
id from stone, zinc, aluminum, or ot: 
or tobacco or other purposes: 2 
eluding articles printed solely in br 
Itings), but not including any artic 


■3 03 
■^ 0) 

^d 
d 

O-r-l 

-bc.2 
s- 
■11 


d 

O-" 

a> u 
^ 03 

si 

'•S.2 
.S'o 

£| 




T 


? 


a 


a 
c 


1 

§ 
§ 

{3 


a 
f 

p 

E- 

f- 
a 
f 

e 


< 





Xi 

>, 

P. 

d 

c3 

CD 
P. 

P< 

a 

bj) 
d 



1 

Ph 
cS 

Is 

o3o 

mhCO 


d 

h-l 
P. 
6 

o3 

03 


g 
P,^ 


d 

u 

P 

Ih' 

CD 
P 

d 





6 


P 

1 

> 

< 
O 


O 

O 




ooks, bound or unbound, and similar print 
eaded paper, forms for invoices, labels, cai 
rints. maps, charts, etc., drawings, photOi 
chromolithographs, oleographs, etc., print€ 
used as labels, flaps, bands, and wrappers f 

a. Of one to three printings, inclusive, in 

printing to be counted as three prir 
whole or in part in metal leaf, T. (Di 

b. Of four to seven printings, inclusive (b 

but not including any article printed 


> P. 

'S CD 

5o 

Sd 

d ci 
d^ 

o>.d 

■Sg)H- 


d. Of more than thirteen printings (bron 

eluding all articles printed in whole 1 

Note.— Importers shall, at the demand 

a lithographer's certificate showing the nui 


>> 

d 
■a 


d 

CD 
(U 

S-i 

> 


Ph 

P 

Pi 



tJ P'c 

dgs^ 

t- d'C.c 
ft«c^ 

p< . 

^ e.a <^ 
'3 



_ .0 

'^ 

Cm 
P 

) 


1 
bo 


i| 

&£ 
p.- 

1! 

P,g 

ii 


d 
d 
-a 

d 


a 
■3 

P. 
'O 

op 
01- 

rdjZ 


d ■» 

•-' 03 

d ^ 

03 .— ( 

11 

a^ 

CjS 

ll 

d'm 

ce d 

1.^ 
If 

'^1 


(J? 

Oa 

'gl 
1- 

are 

d.S 
cdc 

CO"- 

§^ 

a; t- 

M P<5 

iS g c 

CD P..^: 

"^ <3j ; 

".p t. 
^•g a 


CD 

e 
.p 

Ii 

OS £ 

PO 

>« 

o.« 

1,M 

<U m 
1-. CD 

5 >< 
■g 

|« 

g« 
03 












RMCl, 














fe: 




OWO 






dn 




■ON 








lOtOl^ 














OD 




cnotH 






■=3 


CO 




yijux 










^'^ 


510 


















10 








If 


iS 


s 






CD 
1-1 




tH 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



209 



CO coco 



a e; 

Ol-H 






5« 

^^ s 

o 

"OS 



Q 

o 

a 

ho 

a 
>-l.s 

Q) « _M O 

S^ ••'qi3 

— "£ o Sf -s 



9w 



H a 

H H 

-=) pj 

Eh 

^ -<! 

-^ B 

CS g 



to O lO lO 00 '^ o 
r^ (M l^ CO fM O to 



sa 



o o o oo oooo 



lO C-) ICi-l 



o 


oo 


lO 


lO 


lOin 


lO ' 


lO 


lO 








IM 


(NIM 


CQ ; 







tocooto 



3 M'a 






■dO 



IK o O . . ?9 .2 
I' - - !rl d ti 

O '-'.J B2 H H (3 

£ o 5 o""^ o d 



OS 






e»= 







ID—T 

o'S 

+2 to 

0)0 



Coo" 

-da 

3 "" 



03 2 






03 03 
O t- 
<U d 



oSTS 
a>.2 

I- 



Is 

•S-S 



d d 
d t. 

03 O 

a-d 



^ d o 



torn ox^ t;2'^ ... 



-5" r!S g'o 

dS 



d ©_; 
.2!zS 



tiio^ 



1^ o S 
K o ^ 



^1 
si t. 



o3'ao ;g 






fe a; S ^ 

2^-: 0^ . 

a -« o 



dSO 



2=^- PS 
-d >H p . 

(D ^ M Ql 

^o^=i 

ft o'C 

tU)t~ g te 
<UrH J- != 



Jh ^ 

dO 
5g 
'-I & 

T-(0 

.00 
OrH 

! d 



d ■2'" 
o ^ 






t+H e Q^ 



'- d 



SS^^d <= 
0)55':=; oS-THa^-d 

w^.usssagl'g^ 

■^£^^!^„2oaQ„«.2S 
^5 d X2!zi 

O <l)o 

.d o 



!g' 



"CO OrH ►^ 

a>^^.d gr:! 
H oo-s &£:; 

2 SoS CO 

d«^ d;3 D 

3 ? to'lS d S 

gSo^coJ 

"5 i- d o tu 
^^-So^S.^ 



5 03 '2 ii. .73 K 

5 d d w t"^ 

H a rH (DO—' 



l^.^' 



1 +^ ^ 3 ^ ^f^ 



O OJ'^^, .73 K 

05 d d w t"^ 

■H a rt (DO 

- S -• d --- 0) 

to '^'^ 



CO 



. <1> fc,' 



>■ ..d o o d 
:pco '^ d M'C 
oj'-h'C aj ^1-^ 

ft ^ g !- ih' 

"^'^ !K Ih ^ ft 

ft a^ Ih g 

•MC50'^S" dl=< 

■2 " 6 S " 2 n^ o 
asS'dgod-^g 
d'gSSdSi^^ 

0) ft^ m <DC5 - 



p-ft ;= 



c5® '-' 


X S 


Sg-— £ 


5^ 










^g 


+S On 


.d u 


g«;^'o 






-, "D fc. 




2^ro 





^s.s^iT^'a-sfl ^ 



,M O 



2^d^it^^"^° 
-^"O § So ftaj 



bn«, m ^ "1 . o ho' 



'S^g2|^.§h03'-^S 

S ^ -■•^ o t5 Sr-'^s •'^ T-H 2 
o g'c3-£a2^.o CH.-S ^ 
=s 25-H .cc d 3 ^.S'u 

^d'l'g^'C^'d'd^S 



g-P 12; 

V ^ u a 

2 a d d 

"^ ^ W O) 

o=d 

03 d'^'S 

S.2-5S 



iz; 


1 


h 




03 






hfi 


-d 


d 


d 


iJ 


d 




n-( 


-a 






C ft§ 


05 


1 


0^- 






fl3 












.rt >, 










* 


" 3 


.0 

3 


£ 


S--,- 



B- I..J »H 
c - 

a SH 



«-5ft S^="..S 
3 g« oai-'l> 03 OJ O S OoSS ■" -O-H 

g^^-g-^S rf "r^to^ &g I S.5g i => to§^ 

S °-2'02 dl i C.3 «-toa§*di £ ^sSs 

- o»' " §0 * oi"° So" 2 



159a— 05 14 



210 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 






T-H <lO CO 



»C C^ UO lO 



ooooo oo 
ooooo oo 

lO iC tN CO lO O iC 






ooo oo 



ooooo oo 



(U o3 



1> oo rH 

CO TjtlO CO 



lO lO O lO iC 



OlQ 

c4 ^ 



lO lO lO IC lO 
(M C1(M ca IM 



IC 1/3 lO lO lO ICVQ 



lOd lO iC 



iH iH-* i-H 



OOOOO OO 







> 


1 




1 






3 aj^ii 

«■_ 
o 

^S 1=1- 



a >* o 



5aj 

of* 
O) ^ 

n o 

W o 



si 

O 0) 

a 3 



S3 



MO!-; 
S ft 

5 ^'-' . " 

P rn ^ m oo 

-' !h +3 .tJ t-j -O 

ill-? 



cs-S 
uS 

'6^ 

m 0) 
S OS 

CO O +J 

a; o3 
h ti S 
03 0,2; 

(D 2 - 
(U OJ >^ 






ft c+j 



03 O 

as 

"O o 

£ <u 

.S3 



S'S 



_i ^ S ''^^ 
.d g in 13 O 

■^ft°g=« 

^° ^ 2 

ft-«^-£°^' 






S is 



ftl^jTS 03 !t! 
^ [Zj <U O 3 
b! n ft-C 

*^ftS=i" 

g.2S?5 

c -c a B s 
^ s.s> 2 

-a""-^^ft 
ooS 



d CD 



d (D 
03 j^ 

a ■ 

"3 
ft^-_^ 

g0.d^ 
^ o'd; 



03 



MS, 



^ 1^ 



^ rK " £ **-^ '■+^ 71 

> i£'~' S oj 0) !3' 

^ ^d°Sd^.2 
2 SSoTgcog 

?'a_ga£Sg' 
■B §(F 



rj OJ-d o 

^X! aj 03 P 
S a »s.d"S dp.; 



O O 



M £ 



o a> o 

do a^ 



j«( ^ <p " a> d a> 43 



-00 Ol_ — 



0)" OJ 



bo 



903^ Q^'- 



■§0 ^5S-o 



0)*" o) 



o d 



03 . 



72 dd ^ c «_g d 
d-i .. 



g ds d 5f 50^ d 



^ s 

<u d 



d d 



d 



■ON 



t^t^t^ t^ 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



211 



s 








ooo 






t>o> • 


Oi 










lO 


CO • 


to 


tH iH 


rHrH 


OOiO 














ooo 


o 


(N 


T)<Tf ; 


-* 


-»I<M 


(NiMCN 







t; Sao 



coo COtH 



to to IM 



iH to t^ Oi O C) 



MC^CC 00 



COCOCOCCI CO CO CO (M 



iO LO lO lO 



OOOO O O oo 
r-H iri to r-' od c4 CJ T-H 



OOUt- lO 



■-I o a 



a>S o 



ij- o o; 
«■£ fc 
>og 

ojf^ ft 

<^ -^ 

|sl 
III 

t^ t^ o 

■*Hfla 

SI'S 
o gpn 

■« l» o 

-3 =« i=l 

+5 c. Ol - 
.S " iio 
O Ol n 

^-"'^ 
•Sal's 

S £ o3-fcl 

■ El 



=2 H m m 

c o a^ 
S-^ 2 B 

fto fto 

o j< o tj 
tH £ n - 

^ 3 8 <u K u 
tH a 1x1 s c I* 

oSSgpJ3 

^ag § o o 



'o o 
^ "^ 

.. tH 

^ o 
So 



o) aj (U--S c o ° o jH 

rH030303±j<l'03rH03'B 



C 



Ohm 

01 m , 
«« 2 m p 

g !> O ^■" 

osWO'-H bo 

up.. . g B 



oj'd 

tH ., 



S tH., 



■^ ft 

.S 1=* 



si H^ 

01 OJ 



^.bo- 



. uj 05 O ^ 



® jj., 



I g B"" 
^ S.B 03 ro 

■^ "» - tH 

tH B'C'd S 
5 2 1=! S tH 

bS^^^^S 



PhMWW 



0) Ol 

-d -S 



O) 

JH „ ^ 

o3^ n5 tH 



d tH 

5'S 
tHQ 

ft 

■S-d 

lO oj 



-A) 

boSo.2 
B . ^ 

tH_ 



0)02 

'S'd 



C'd a> 
bOSo 



bO 

O 



032 



. B 
o * 



oT 



01 



I^b2 

'^^ ^§js 

R tH a> 53 -H 

a § 

Bth, 



_■" a m p 0) 

"da; S^^-d 

§S il°5 

-dl "-^.B^ 

P-ThS rH "^ S tH, 

tH 't:; >— t B — tH OJ * 

-^■^'^ S'^B 
■S 03 g 



oj_3 

So 
pl'd o5 

rH M tHplH 
O'C B =3 



\M-i 



SB tnls-fcl 03 S- 

^ tH o ri e £;S 



r, - 3 o 
o3 OJ 



ft 



^ tH O r1 C S^S 
03 -* M,™ oi 

O d CO 



MCOgo 
ft£ 



bo o > B 
B «H ^ B 

la o^ ^ 



tB o 



tnO 






a-s 

"B 



BO 

5'd 

a £ 



<U B 
.B 2 
>.B 

So 



£^ 
■d u 
a CO 
B'd 

-dg 

O) '-' 

B'd 



0) o 

tH O 

5^ 



aj B'd g< 

°^ ^ P -H S, 
- ^o 





■-1 








>>, 


CO 


M 




-*-• 


f, 


f-H 


>-, 





















Oi-H 




tH 


§ 









tH 





g 


-d 


^ 


tH 


r1 


a 




tH 

■ri 


d 


« 
S 






t> 




n 






















01 


S 


;z; 


d 


S: 


^ 





01 


•d 


01 


12; 








03 



•S-S 



g^gS-St'd 



3*H 

..O 



H d ,Z co' 03 bo's 
.jZlo^-oBg 



" a rH a a 



O ? 3 
03 <! 



t» tH ^ 7-, O tH 

03 03 2 y 3 



212 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



(SJStDM 



O rH lO fX3 



oo m en 



OO lOO 

Ore Or-t 



lO i-H 






0)C<1IM CO 



o o oo oo oo oooo 

CO CO (N(N 1M(N HC<1 (NMIMIM 



i-^io as CO CD oi oo 



r-l rH O tH 



iO>0 OtH 



q» 



ic in lO to lA lO 



(MtNiM CO CO CO CO (M (M C^ (N 



lO lO O O vC O 
O rH OtI< OrH 



J^S, 


«f. 


-a hi 


R^ 


cS (p 


.So 


1^ 


II 


fcC3 

1" 




03:3 




' ' -rH 


o C 


ft^ 


ptC 




.yH 



O tn 

bOoS 
Mo 



'"'3 



-jj -o 



S 5 



fee c 



be 03 



lO.S 






go <u 

03 Q)" 



^ Is 



o 

w . 
5= 2 • 

H a » 
^o s 



i-;'0 o 00 

I— I OJ M 



'O j3 



i o a . 
g P3 *■; 



0) a 

0-9 



o-o 



o - 



-^Jc 



'r^ ^ " i 



g|a 

COW 






; .„ E s =3 § =3 a, 

:_g|o3_'SoOo_^ 

'S Oj3^ 03 o =S 



03 "5 03 



O43 o 



i tH rjrrj Jd 03 

3 00 o a> >,— ' o 
2 2 K g S o S 






01 3 



1 ".^ 

o >; >h" 



"HO 



^ ^ ^ 0) ^ § 



fl 0) i,S 
P'3'O'l 



I si's 



1 <u 



tHja 03 



b 



■I 8 



03 






rH^ Ol O "3 

t3 o o<o a 

g5s-|i-«ao"a 

tH rn rH <U .— . • . . U 
O rtcBGC O 



S£ .03 



rfl tH 



6 u 



;00§ 



■ON 



iH r-l(NOI 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



213 



eoeO rHi-lrH(Nc5 



OO QQOOO 
COCO •<Jt -^ •* IM (M 



IMN (M(N(Mr-liH 



OO OOOUDIO 
CO CO CO CO CO (N c^ 






^4 



s-s 



2 OS 





o 





(^ 


"^ 


0) 


^ 


-O 






& 


2 


a 


a 










•c 






a 
o 






■dO. 


a 




03 






o 






OJ 


t^i 







p 





aca 



"53.2 

•H "3 iJ s 5 

aj • - u 3 u 

.2 s-o-S * 
a^^.2^ 

oj G O 3 03 



(D * c cs g 
f^ O -u 5 

to P >»*^ . 



!>. 



61,5^.2 2 a 



•■3.S fl g 

OS "go's 

r^ *-' ri C3 



art: 3 a 






^ ^ n °= c 



S"? 



■^1 

o.Im 

OS =, t^ 

fin w^ 

III 



"So 

03 >o 



®_2^o f^^ 



aioa>a)t-i ,5S"-'ft 

■s-s SI'S §:-!-- 



■5 os 



;5 in 



13 fl 



m OJ o 

7^ 3 P< 

gxi a. 

g . o 

.S3 

^3 ^ 

-a^ '^ 

'3 §h O 

?o 1^ *^ 

^ ^ *o 

« -d .9 



-^•sl El' 

©3 .- -go 

c3 « bJJ g O- 

.2 5 -9 ci-i^ 

ft-uS " 03 



mo 

g"S,ft 

dl'^2 
•9^S3 

OO OJ o 
<I> "tf ^ 

.°Sfe2 



S3"fe 

_ w (p O 
3 fc "^ 

M a-"o 

o '^ <^ >> 

to 2-3 ** 



^ 3 -i tu «> d cs '2 

^.2*J?iS&g 

B'^^ §3v7 3.-S 



oS! 



So3 



oS t.'O'l 



d B<ai 3 £ cS t. 3 

0,0 *-- 03fW 03 
d ^ en 

"^ tH Si w ^ <u 3 

jaj3 Ij-cs-o a 5 3 
(uS-^ma-i^/Eos 



o oj S..2 <u 

|^gH5 

3-S^9^ 
3 fl e d 3 

ti .. Mid a 

^r^ M o3 t»> 
C '-'•o 3 <D 

s"*sg 

;j3 03P 



5o'^3c 

'5 9-2-" 



■- 0) 3,3 3 

OS as 2sfci 
3-^2 ■■g S.S 



•""CSS. ^ „• B-d " 3Tr^ 

t-idOS-S-S:: SdSa§o3i=iS 

5-bpft§|§|.a|-i.gSi, 



-os:s2'3S3:rg.S.t!'g5L 

•^||s| = .^3--E5ir^o 

^SirSf^SigS.gg'sS 
bo=°g 03 ^3^-2-- bc'C a^dt: - 

&"^^3r333iz!>-iS>-i^ OJ 
■S 3 ftS " .3 O ffi ci.'S +^ 2 ^ O. aj 

■2 S ^S g= ■- S o2 3S ^ «J§ 

2"t«:5'§'S's^^2.2|s^" 



S||spg|p|5||5 

■3gai3a>3ojO G>pSS>M 



§3 3^ 

Is «^' 

^- o^ 

M t* 3 

S§ '§"- 

• • PI fe • 

o 03 23 o 

S - ^ 

»'l ^^ 

03 1-1 > 



O ojg 



o3t3 



-3 2 2 

S -3 3 



O) 



0) 



-^ "^a d 



a^ 



3 ^lo" 

^ II 

2 ^^ • 

a 5:2; : 



.3 H L^ 



i-SX! 



3 -CS 
£ 3-3 



3 ta o 3 Q^ u 

3 S S M 2 S 03 



a>. 



'^^S.9'S5p2 ^e ? 



s"" a 



3 o3 3 CO 



u^ o 



rt O oS O 
3 ^-do 



U O)' 



OS 05 ^ 
o o 

3^ 



OdHB--,3fe33oSrrtB 

•2=^^lsfsss sag-so 
■ao-§^2-"s:.Bf-o^-2§ 

»fta-«a;g^^..9i^^3| 

5 „g.2,o.2g Sugg's oft 

!^- lias Sc.-ftcoS 0^,3 



:^6 3g 

■^12; .2.3 



•3 3 

S2 



2 a 
ftl 

o3 <d 

oS 

O So 

3.3 



o so. 



■S 03^ 



0—1 

rHiH 



:^co 



m 30 3 ajo 

- g5"2o- 

"Mi^ ooeo 



at c^ 2 

t ills 

<0.~, S 3iO 
S O^ !3 o3 O X 

Oth "S fe: .3 
■tjrt a).3 So *-i 

-22 3 2^^ g 

, £?So a.dO OgT 

««)2 '^'^oo 



is 



go 



^dS 
^S2 

a> E „ 



°^"l-So 

"£ '-' ^ m 

a a a_^o 

-M 3.0) 
O <p p,-j 
GOD ISO 
."IN 



2-S'o'' 
.3 ft « 

3 



Q43 



3 iC^rrj . 

ooS O 

3 ^^ cc 3 



3'cS p, 

s6 o 

(H !E,3 
o3_ 

™;^ m 
o2os 

.2 3.>- 

*- .3 



>-S2 

o O o 

go 



j=0 . _ 

•Ssa3 g 

i^O c?.^ 

J dog 
5?; § 



g3.g 



O CJ.S 60.3^-^00 






214 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 






3oooo 000000000 o 

P <NC^ C^ (M IM IM 1-1 (M IM O) <N 






6 0*0 



?,^-3 


o3 


c3-;3P 


CO 


^ 




C . 




<U 0) 








01 o3 








eu 





■000 oooomooo o 

!(MC^<N <N ffq (M IN (N OQ C^ (N <N 



00000 
(N M C^ C^ (M 



t3 O"^ lO 
■gi-IOIC^ 



10 ift iC iC i^ 10 iC U7 10 
OJ (M C^<N (N C^ C^ C^ C<1 



litJlO Irt IQ lO lO 10 lO IC iC IC 
(MCN IN <N <N C<1 <N (N Cs CM (N 



iC iC iC lO lO 
<N Cq IN IM (N 



'Sooo 00000000 o 

SSrHC^IN O) IN IN IN IN IN IN 01 IN 



10 10 iC lOiO 

iqiNcqiNiN 



■^oo 00000000 o 
"'d'o 'cj ^cc! 'C 'O 73 'd Td 'O 



S o 
a IS 



oi >> 

a; "3 



(-. o3 d 

" a 2 
c o «^ 

•^ ■"'S o 



VJ 


a' ™r 


^ 


f*n> 


1 




H 


n^ 


« 


C 








a 




i-lH 






rv+j •'d.S >-» 
3 ^ oj is cS ^ ■- 

3 o E S '^ o ft 
- .-is d oj ft 5-; 

0) Q O) 0)^ 

oj 03 o 



P. 

■a 
m 

o 

03 



.2 =s 
o|i 

?, •* 
o " 
cS be 



"o a-: j: a >:-a 
c-^rr ft =* cj 

^ a; iJ O a TH 
<A-*^ o m-5 ® 



si-3' 



;o3*-J 



' b> ?? '^ 

(H O 



'■a 



^-c 



® d OJ o" 
0^ o ii>7i 01^ 



g u o S 

1* to dw 
(3.2 "^ 

>S O 03 
^ Mm BJ 
'"' d t< ID 
S-i O Ol-rt 

°Sd5 

*-i^ O t»> 



<u S ?^ hi 



SS2Si 
5o-3« 



bpS 



.^3^2 






o&i a 

C 0) t, P< K 

05 J5 O tH't) 

-+^ ' o d • 

en o 5 02 a;^ 
P.Cv id's tog 
d— ^ taoC 03 oS 
g g^.g o3-j^ ^- 

>-j' OS -C fc; M IS ti 

h d OS'S " * 

. O 13 cj ^ .^ u 

C _ tn t-. fn o3 M 
> 5 S i2 o^ o3 

►^ O IS 0! t, ^ 



« <g 'gii'^ o-c 
M o « >r^ -Q oj 

.S 5ftS.3.2^ _„.„ . 

a^.5^ ^g-3'SJoS;2 

S£^-Sg5d2 -gog 

H IB Orrt ^"S-P OJ.HS ft O 



■OM 



O rH IN CO '^t* lO CO 
IN IN OJ C^ <N IN IN 
(N IN Cq C^ IN jq IN 



IN IN (N CO CO 
INiNMMN 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



215 



OOO OM< 



OlC O OlO o 



< i-H i-( 00 en IM 05 



(MC-IC-J 

ci (N IN (N T(i lO CO 



;5 ^ 



O OOCJOOOO 
Oi (MC^C5(NC^(N(N 






60 S (^ 



^ a; « 



.So 






00 QOlO T-H tH 
tH T-H C^ CO CO O 



Ttl -*l Tj< O O IC - 



<N1N INIMIN 



ooooooo cc 0) ce o 



CO CO CO CO CO CO CO c^ 



t^CO^rl43CrH'»t.,£<0' ^p 



.iiz; 



0) C 



■o o 
P m 






o9 ^ 



13 « g 



OOO oo 
lO lO O lO lO 



i-m<M IM 0)00 



00 OOOOOOlO 
O ODOOOOOOiOCn 



C^ iM (N CM ■<*l lO CO 



I =! S ?, 



P,^,43 1 



bo 



-sigis 



^tiof 






Soa 



^ TS -3 



I M 









•Se,' 



"§5 = 3^ 



o 


^-' 


<u 








-iJS 


^ 




is^ 


o 


<D,i<l 


X!^ 


t^ 




o 






















^ 




T) 


O 


^ 


"a! 


"S 


o 
o 
> 


a 
S 


a 










n 








4- 




> >oo 


aj 


§ 


a 


e.o 


> 






















ccco 






w 






t^ Ht:. 



0^ .S 

a ftos 



gEH S-2 

m ajjD 
■ci S - 



f^ g c H-rs - 

O " 0)1-1 .'T- 

oj'zl-g'-^S-S 

■s •■s.sSs 



O 60' 
C 0) (-■ J 



O <1> 



0tc 



<^^^o 

""Is 



o^ 



l^.^^l&ao^lag^-s^ 
stlS'^^^sss-f^^g^dal 

<P fl 03 03 12 ^-^>S o S'SX^a So 2-S 
»bO^ OC^^g ^^0^ g g by -pl-> ..g 

«g?Sg«|^2ggga-:ga'§ 



a - 



OT3 

"3 o o3 ho 

B rt to C 

MJ3 3 



>^5g"f 

? ^ c^ o 
i-o Pol) 
3s"*'So 



t) 55 S " '>Z 






a ai-O . 
»0 (3 O 
tic:: =3;2; 

■-> — vi,T3 



t>.0 t>. 



^^ 3 



a)Hj 



O 3 



.§^ ^% .So 
^•^ ^2 §1 
2-3 35-2 S-g 



^ ^ 



oj cy (-1 
a> ho+^ 



a; n r^ . cl 
<p g g o 

." m t; <« c3 



Hi C 



a-s 






nd No 
this n 
ound 
d imp 




,^« Sig 


boO 






75 a) CSS 

;S " £ « 

7^ CO t! c3 
ftS ft S 
o3 o3 g O 

gS°o 
ic oS.S aj 



-^3 
^ 03 

>>& 

':r^ ft 
0> oj 

S'P 
2§ 



f .Q 



I'd 






'"'S^sa^ 

cS o3 03^ S 



oocnOiHiN 
CO CO -*■*•«*< 
(NCMCMOl Cl 



o S3 ^S ^ s 

^g.2-agsa 
- 3 "^ >■ 2 2 g 

o> o'd o.a a,i; 



rtSo 05 a> 01 -d 
'^O 0^5 "^^ ^ 

fS-d-S^os 

cS-S+J03Sr;0)OO'^CS<"<^ 

dS^S5fsSS^B§5^- 
2S'dft'2o§s-"^53i® 
.SftSg-dgl-S^^c^^^^ 

o oi -2 ?< t, ^5 H ft 2 M o y Z; 
O.** o.S bog S te Q^Sfe K 



ibsg 



1^3 a-* ^ 

^ m 03 



^«i 



216 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



'OOOOO O COC^ Oi OlOiOSGOOCN 






K"^*^ Tt* -ti 



.HrH (M 



6 O'd 03- 



ioooooooomioioiftoo 



oin oooo oooo 



ooooooo 

C^ (M IN (M (N IN <N 



<U S3 
ki M 
Pl| 



=?oiomoooo oooooo 

gl£5X)00INi-lT-(lO COCCCOiOCOO 
O "-I 



OO OINiOIN 001005 
Olio COiOcOiO COCO«OlO 



CO CO iH IC lO 00 

-^ Tj< o^ «£! (N r^ 

r-J T-H ' * CO "lO 



■liOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 

5*cocococococococococococococo 



oooo OOOO 
COCOCOCO CO CO CO CO 



OOOOOO 

CO CO CO CO CO CO 



c^OOOOOOO OOOOOO 

goiouaoooo OOOOOO 

^lO-^-«d^'^t-^t^OOrHrH'NlOT-HlC 



OO oooo OOOO 

oto co'^io-* ooin<N 



OOOOOO 



<!H IN lO 



oo3oo'§sooooo 
: :r^ : : ^^^ : : : ; : 



dS 



y=: 


(H 


cc 


K 


5lS 


H 



H s ;i; 



M i^ K 



o £ 



Q 






iJ":H, 






.Sg«a 



O 03 

as g to H'S 

S-a^o 1^--. 
■^ lu^ -iC" 

j'o^-G'^, |£ar 



;^^^ 






O 



r^ >' o ^ jj-(;j o o 

K (V^-ii ;s !h o o 



^^.^ortmo oooc 

VS3 in o 



O -rh— I 

2 2.2 03 P^a 
oj IP iS oi: E.-^ 
pq Ph o Ph ptH &< <^ 



^^ 



•ON 



rtl >OCOI>OOOiOr 
'^ -^ "»3^ "^ -^ Tjl to L 
IN N CS (N Ol IN C^ C 



r» 00 o= o th IN CO 

lO lO lO CD CD CC CO 

IN N c^ c<i c-^ ^^ IN 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



217 



ss 



a-o 



ssss 



■<J<(M 0>0i 



c-i CO CO 



r-( r^ CO T-K CI 



U50 og 



O O vO iCiOiOiOO 



COCO COCO CO 



OiOO OOOOiO 

'■^coci * 



1-1 C^-3<C^<N 



oo oo 



OOO OOOOiO 



lO IC lO 



TfOO 

c^co-^ 



ooooc 

H-^OOCO 



i-H 04 COi-HC^ 



S o o 






S4 






d-dS 



03 . 

ft 



.£f c 



2 ^ 



.s.a 

Op. 

o o 

CO 



0) (Do 



> t 



rh'^-J'-fl 1* S "-I 

■gsa 5'g 



(i> o 



Co. 



a a 5 






^1^ 
-§ 



9| 



a'g-^ 



o 



E £ 5 C.^ 



•3 by 



O 03 






ss 


0) '^ 




g^ 


gs 




!« be 

CO ^ 


03 -d 
+^ oj 

.9-9 




0)—' 














rl ft t. S 


fl'd 


II 


cu^ft>> 


CO 
•i3o3 


ii ^ ^ 

0) 0) t-t 




Is 

M 


r«|s - 


C3 Fh 

,gS 










t4 M 




^ ft"""!! 




l§ 


■3 Sa"^ 


a 


en Jt^ 


«!t!-'^ g 




^- 


03 »'-' 


■» IT 

'=-■'0 

S.S 


"^ 




C(M 

<0 PH 


^SO 

sills 


'4 

■3 c 


g o3 OJ S ft 






3 S 


=3 K * ft 




o3 (U 


S-'^ 




M bti rt 


^^ 


- ^ 


X as § g 


fl « 


PO 


ifall 


00 







01 ; ft 



rC O 



-d 



r- O) 3 ro 
O 'd'd O 03 

» ■ffiS'^ - 
5£co«S 

"^HJ O ft m 

o J " a «5 g 

.a aj 2 o a S* 



ft.5 



bfiU)'-- 



3 a 03 'S O in" 

•S 2 S =3 £ g 

"St;.5Jj2 o3q=l 
-dS^bc^^ 
^ O p^ g g^cd 



'-I fl 

m S3 

<v a 

, ,T, M M 3 • ftr3 
.^H 03 03^ 03 

■■'SlSg^^S'd 
fc 2 >^ -2 M o c 5 

H -S be 3 .H S 



o '^ a; r; 03 ^^,ri fe '- ' 

a .o-^c«r'T;oS -- 

g " a in^S fl <u5 M 

,_,.-. - ^ (11 O k^ \I3 r-< -rt iH til O 

^i;g^ti-afliiti Willis; 

3 CC g-^.2 
03 .rt O « O K 

asft^".s 

O-g a; S o-^ 



c 5 c "5 



ftoj.2 



--g.a'l;SOx3^^ti^SO'd 

©•"'SK'S <»-</rc Ofj ft^ «r„- - 

^='5'-' O-S-i") 03 03t-'g_2-3^ 

ri^=o-Pd-°arSSb£7^-^^- 

■g 3'-3 . d^53 >v>--43 c "^5 ® 5^ 03^13 

g d^-g B e^ o-e g ^-a e^ --S g^g g S ft 



O o3 






O O ai I 



5S 
1^ 



Or-j to p, 

a§o§ 

■^ bo-; !> 

a o>25 
0-3 2 pj 

m O 03 © 
X3 Cl d 

=^gog 

nH d <jj-. 
cj boj:; o 

o o+i;iJ 
."S fe oi a> 
S.2 S-^ 



co"'3<M 03 
oS O 03 t^ 

??_- S -^ tJ) 

03 OJ O ^.S 

^ d a^ 53,53 



"^ 2 S ^ fl 

■^•^ oS 



s? 



10 to 

(N(M 



EiljapHbd'd^fQai" 

•^'is'^ d a o S_ "^ o 

rt .rt« o s n g" brj 

is qa -C fts *■« 



218 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



(CSt^S 



CScoos 



-^ -rH O CD 1-H <N <ri 

lO yD c<j o ooio 



iCiOiOiCi-OOOi— ICDtO 1— iCO 



S i^ a; 



;oo oo 



ooooooooo ooooooo 

(N (>» CN (N (M <M (N (N <M (M !M (M (N (M C^ M 






'OO OiO 

; lo o c-i (M 



iC i£: CD t- iH C<I lO 
OiiO(NOOOOi 



1-1 i-H i-H ,-1 ■r-i CO CD (M (M r-l-^ 
COCCCOCOCOC^tMCCCO 



lOiOiCiCiOOOOO OOOO 
CM (M (M CN « CO CC CO CO CO CO CO CO 



•oo oo 



OOOOi-l(NO 
lO lO (N O O O vO 



lOiOiCltOiOcOOiOiO 



5000 0:;=! o'§ o 





OS 






1 p. 













OJ 












tH 


g. 

s 


a 



'ft <=^ 



r^ 03 Z; 05 

t, u-'i p. 
•2 -^g 



03 a 



I a> 



H p 



c3 fH 



M c3 

csta 

of Oi (H 



icc-Sl^S 



•2 Q =5 T^-.c a 

3 3 o3'S o3 O 

-''^ ^o a a 

03 ciTS O 



O .-"^ 



;>- fl 






- O) o 



u C ■» 3 
-o3a;'« 



d'"'- 
.3 



cu e.o tH Grfi o 



O c5 
ft c 



O o3 c3 _Jg 
• '^ O ^ ^ 7^ 

o3irl o ot? =^ 
HOOOPhW 






03 o l^ 2 
Hi oSm p. 



Sh t< (D 03 

o2^a 

t^.c'S to 

■ °as.s 

-o o3t:-3 



^«^-Sa 

C S m 

P<t5 01 ft 

/^ C a; O . 



'5^- 



jai J? 03 Scoj 

2 '^ S "S 

• M Qj a; r .tf 



■ON 

BUBX 



rH(MCO':t<if^cOt^OOOiO 



i-IC-)CO-*u 



00 00 00 00 do 00 oD 06 CO cn Oi <yiai a Oi 

(N IM ?1 IN e5 CS IN C5 (N IN <N IN C^ D IN 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



219 



OCT) (M CO 



rH ^tOlO iH 



COO OO 
1> C^ COfM 



OOOOO OO OO 



OO OO 



OO oooo 



<M(N (NIM C^(N C<I-riM(M 



■a '-' 



A °^ 



'S'M 



ao 



'^^ 



coco 



O 'X' Or* 

O CO OiO 



05 CO O CO 

1- c^ oc^ 



rH(M(MCO OS 



tio> 


cs 


OS 


o O" 


a a 


^ r^ 


"^^ 


n . a 






OO 


"^sa-! 


y,co 


pCSra 



OOOOO OO OO 

coD^cccoco coco coco 



OO oooo 
CO CO cocococo 



OCO OOD 
0<N OO 



lOO OO 
1^ C-l o c^ 



O O c3 O .r^ - 



I?! .So. ^^ 
O oS o 'g 
Ol" ^' 

■OP — ^m 

_1 tH O ^O 

.5 -a o . 









-•^^■|» °'-''Od 

sga|2g>«s§ 

.Q o o „ 5 -^ ^'3 

rt £ OJ '" 9 tri <= .S 'O 
.nc3+J o 0^0)5.03 

1^ J3 S " "^ O tuOco"7^, 
t>t3^ D OJ O CO " 



'w t|^„ 



ft 

o 

' ft 



'5 

. . O) 

■ oTrO 
ftC 

c 2 

"-I B 
1 '^ 



^ ^ 









S 0'°"" 

C o . ° 
"^ oft - 

rQ ftmrO 

t! SBS 
J3 O^ — m 






■^ =.«: 












O tr'^ 



S -"^ -3 -- 

a S5 -ss 

<1 w 



S o shts 
-"> a o 

2 - M w 



ftft-^ 

rQ--;'0 



3 M^, ,_, 



^6 



>p0'0 r„ ;-J +J 

'■S ft g_ o 



•WQ HO 



o S I 

O ' 



3 0) ft 

3'g'^.z" 

5og£ 

Nil 

s a 0) D 
sags 

1 O O 2 



cS 03 



as 
-I 

1.2 
n -mo' 



g n " « 



03 S ftO 

ooJQft 

ft — T) en 
§S -03o 



oi-r 

taci-H 

S5 



aS 

-PI 

>-,o3 
t!oo 

■SJz; 

-.a 

O C 

t^.2 



S ". o .."ti 
'-' ft_- s "' 
2-2c • 

d ^ O'^ 
a o t, ^ 

&0a> 



-,_ w - -r — <^ ? 
52 "r bocso) ' 

"J" ^l;- SB'S '• ec- 
ho '"^'-1 S o § > 



;o3P 



?■« 3 



S2o-^gS-§E^g 

oi H*^ o C (3 t-^ "^ 



rH t-l r^ "-H 



CD S-, oi:::,ai -. 
iH tn o -jH ,a 



^?^^e°«^«^^9'§ 



0^ s 3 



O) 3 
Si 



O-C g P< .3 3 



3.3""^ 
O 01 CK I 
m 0^ 03 ' 

.S3 rt 

— ? » 
3'' ■ 



p'.-s 



M 



« o^-g-^ ."S ft ."S^ 



.s2 

X CB 2 fto 

^aftog 

O <D'0 ' - 

+J OT rH r1 



r-3'*H 



3 '5 O 3 



<P-r! 03 '^ 

a 8^ ."S 

^ ^5;.rH 

fH S2 "H- 

t> c3 " S^S 



« 



'O -M 2S tn 



_.Q 3 e 

o3 3 <U » 



ogo^- 



2gS=S 



5o3.3S'g'='P^<! 

3 .0 « i- o 3 .; 
+3 ctl o I 
(h'"^ o3 ' 



R rrt tt B 



■ ^ o fe S .„- 
i d ><.C! oi K 

§<ijas^ 

O t)OW 



Oi-H?j CO Tfira 
oooo 00 

COCO coco COCO 



CO cococo 



2.3 -d >,!S 

S a> o .rt 

5 o-H ,43 

jj) O ■" ^ (11 

"o'" B 

(HO 

6 aj'43 _ ■ 

0) oi'-g 
■SSo 

^5 



oj o 



+H.3 O 



^ ft >-^ <g7-l^-~- 

~ K '^ •- "S •« o oi 

fcTO .'Th'^BOBo 
S°^-"'"§B'»S 

3b gSg B.a P.OJ 



- o ftte - _o 3 o;:: 



3w ? a « I1IS5 



220 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



CD Ol.M-S 














-c 





03 






£l - 
cfl en 



•ON 



01 "^ S-tJ - 

O —^ en ^ ^ -^ 1^ 

5 ij:;q e'" S "^ 2 

o-g oo " t^-s S 
odflw-ts'+jUai 

* Sfl-2d 

p; o o 



a i 



t>-5 

03| 

u 2,0 
o fl^ 

f^ °^ s 

£ Oi-H 

■< ^^ cl>^ _^ CO 
m . ht3'= !-( 

'• ^1 '^-- 



as*? 



cS iS 



^ ^ !^ ™, d 

"^ - CD ^ en .P( 

5>+i o 2 r/T 
S^ O 



- O SX! CP tnO 
A S Q ^3 d O - 



g o ^ g s a s 
oSs^s£.s^ 

cs erf= u-wfc g g 



<u o d " 

d 03 o3X! 
d ftftd 

OJ H K <U 

.-H m 3 o 

■2 ^ ©a' 

tfi O (hH 

m -rt go" 

S d 2 

o -:0 6 
n; M dta . 

IJ S 3 Sm 
^-- ^o o 

03 O O S S 

a^^&^ 

dggo ^ 
•aSgd^ 
*^ o s^, " 

03 



U)^ 4) O 

C o g-*^ 

a a r| 
o g o o 

M 0:: 2 
I" _ 



PVO 

aSn^r-i - 

5 * 03 cS 

'O ^ H CD T-t 

d aiojco I" 

-«a_ 6 

0) d <P-H '^ 



fto 



'o-H^ .o 



tH d 03 
o <u « 



a^: 



tio.2 § 

*-■ fe-dr-l 

dSg'-' 

of "« a 6 



ft 

. 03 
Oft 

f-S Ji« o d 
aSdC^o 



oS 



03 53 .jq o fH 

o o3 S 2 k>r 

"^"O ri ^ Sg 

aj^o OJ 03 
Oft rd o 



"S'S. M . oj'd 

..5 dio .01 

e'3'=''gTOSg_ 

S-SSgoo£s 
. d-g'olziSz; o2 

OO " O 03 0<i£J 

5 .aso» a 










SiJ ft. 



^^ ,r,' 
d 03J 



S^^ 



§.t3§.a>-a:^i^,S 

§0)3 dSg^Sd 
-do3da) _ai^"dr^ 



s.g53 



aa^ 






^■M K-" bed 0) ft d^, 

Po3rT-|IMrtSOa)^" 

m d " ^^ , oJd'O 0) r- O a 

■■g o'^^.s-g « g o S^^iJ " 
o3giHg,g'3'g|^:|o^fl§ 

§ 5eo « iz; M "-Sfl 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



221 



a 

o 
u 

a 
o 

*S 
a 



tS o 

d 60 

a> 



o u 

a-s 

R o 



<D 



O OS 

a o 
a| 

§a 

.2 o 

a-^ 

S-irrt 

(U O 
C 



Hi '-' <u - o CJ f^'i-* -^ -"^ - 



^ -i-i 



3ja S 



iiO 






M-i™g;ai.M0rjO2a) 

sars^-§lsft 

Ss'3>.a)SM'SS^ 
25a.2S°o'^'S 

llil|s|i| 

^ p. 



5 &'' 



O o3 u a; -M 
O p].g 0) 03 

■■ '" ■; bo.2 



3 ?;-S ^ fe 



* a SS 

P o „, 2 ■■ 



Zj'd '3 ^r 



<D 



o3;z! 2 '-'■'* 



is.r: 



Seas- 5 






£ a o 5r, «j s o I; 



ai oj 

>■ § 9 " S 

Sa^g^ 



es-j 



s>'<3 <u £2 03 > « "Sk;^*--gi! 
f^' CD (-! '^ ^r _ fii •'-' w-i (n b£i'^ -H 1r; o 



as^j^gSp^-sg 

afl§«-S?°§32"3 



r-. 03 






tH)(P 
3 CI 



=s^5i 



d2^c-g 

'I' C3 O) r- >* 



0) 




CD 


^ 


a 


c 


313 


Is 


P<<]) 


^^ 


■+-» 


o 


73 

0) 


o 


o 






o 


a 


7) 


-o 



•^ 'O +^ .d a; 



Pjiio|ll.i|2!i|li ilirilllli 

fc,'d^rt+^q<i>Noffi 2, rt.'"'dai3d^>';SRt,.S_<!>,d^d 
E'd d dja'^j S^ Ct-i d tr-^ "2x2.^0— '^o'^S^K'Sd-d 
S*S.£-2 fl-35 d S^ o^ g S'S^^ ^-2 g «."-'S^ » S'^.S 03 d 



bob?; i 



S® : 



C.2S 1 



il^aS. 




ftd i 



3^* d o 



_^ a> drrt 
'd >- 61) (u 

S == S 

d"o*^'3 

. o3 4> to" tao^ 

~'SS2§S^-d'dad 

^•-^m-^daJ^-rTO^^ 
^dSd03^-S2fe^^ 
ajoS^H^gSft'^od 
o.S'dcq " oj u (dS5 1) 

|2S6g|oS^iS 
c m do* 2'" -3^ C S^ 



-02 la "^ 



° d t> 
d^ ft 
.23 fl 

dS 

m g > 
a) S o3 









-^.s 



Q c3 d c3 

03 d d d 



^-d 



a> 






^_d rs 



a'° a^ 






o3 d 



"K « 






•Sdohc 



^d'i^.dESd.a) 



'3 2 



o (D o a> ft 
^^1|1 -d 

.03 tH 03 .a 

of co" OJ 

S.S'g.s 5 
oa§a^ s 

.-d d-d dT, 

>>o3 O 03 o ® 

bo"-42 "-13 15 

O 03 oj 03 03 -t^ 
■3 oT d m" d m 



5»Sd2 
_s tC.d'Of tj O.d 

Pit. o p'.S.d ^"S-2 ja.a 

g-aa^sssal ^^ 

2dS-2^'C^.9t?dSd 
■*^o3,.„oSd.5J-t^„>d 

5g'2^Sg§.o==.S't:go-|d'sa'Sig| 





a) -S d 






ed fre 
n. 

ymus 
r thei 




e 3)_^.d 






03 43 ojjq 

0^ m d O 


•d'B d"" 
a fife?. 




rs in length, m 
ch samples hav 
ues, be determi 
row border whi 


ly be ad 
ny dime 
for free 
as to re 


dg 


d 03^3 o 


d o 


hallo 
ers in 
eclare 
idth. 






1%'^^ 


^ d 


centime 
n when s 
all, for ti 
by the n 


dications 
centim 
samples 
of their 


0) o 

do) 


^jM 


"s-S ^ 


.9^ a) S 


'-' . 



^ rt 



I af OJ d O) a S d 



1> Sii S I) O ni d 



-e o i 



a.2 



fi^H, 



b0-M,O d 

d o I 






I a) 



aJ 2 _ 
a) d-^ 

£ 0(N 

•420 

.dS'"' 
■" dcn- 

O OlM 

'd d-^ 
S.5 d 

73 o3i-s 



P».53 



^b a) P-g 



o ftO ftft.g'; 



aJM..2St^d.d2>:^ 






3 S 2 a^2 d S n 5 a o o S'S g m g m-o S d o -^ ■" 

§ 2^5 § Sl^52 g^ 8 |a S a §|fl I s 



■Cd ^ >'d 
' — «4..|' — 03 d 

^S ft o fl d 



'C o 



0-— -CD 

goocc 



a) 'H'^gs 

' '*-' a).ii Vr^ 

^ Wo;§§ 

^ a"g"5 

"-^"•Sd-I 

03a)O .StudSSroft 
d"te 'dSg'S'aiJbo 
§S|^SSStig|-I 

?i§«"ss&si2a 

03 tT ®'^>S'do3CtH 

&H p. 



222 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 






> m >-.53 m rf fto3 K S t; O m <D 

3'3 2 a-^SS is S > P-=" ft a^ " 

~ a> r^ S C ^-2 aJ S !- i-!-^ r^P q.Tj 

tj ." 05 o3 >--^i5. a> ^-2 o +^ 't^ S'-°<' o 2 a> 



iif4!ppi|illi 

S o S R-? =3 3 § -, c3 P-l-S S c.e 



SjO 



52SS-; 



-: oj ^ rt .w 1 

„;a^a>S^-i 

^a 



o) a tm . ..S* m a u 

^_, fl^^.S^g2 2-^o^SS 
otJpq 



^ 03 
o3 P 



as fiSSfegrfla 

a u 03-" O "> O-U 0) 
»S.Q^^O'M|3o3tH'D 

3 is !3 S^" o mtH+^-Sti 

2.'s^2Sg!i.2'3fl 
« ® o _mja 2*2 <^ fto 

z:> f->n fl-t ^ <^ '^ f^ (^ ^ 

aggo 

<D 3 5 oi 



"D 00 CO 



S-2-2 



.,,(d fc,+^i!'S 

f3 a ^ o .2 S'i^ .2 5" oj p. 

aj7-goX3 2q3'MflaJO 
■O b S o G'S "^ bc"^^ >< 
Sa|2.2^.S.SQ.-.a^ 









1 a)i2 
90 



t: '^■e^'o ^2 oi'O'C-C o 03 e 

S G 0,+2^ a &-S <p a 0.2 § 03 




(D^ Ot! bcf ii 

G =S 03^ o-e "t 

_a> m'*^'^ G a> 

to-""'"' (H 0) *tl 

g-G ' 

03 S OJ M'S °*S 

ft -•§ 2 a5 "^ ^ 
"gS^G'O'^- 

O (D aj.iq 5 OJ 

'd o oi "^ +j -tj ^ 
G O-S-O C.g g 

°s ^tla 2 Ss 

<!<i>3gaa-g 

^ ^ OJ.Srci 

^.ft^fl 
■■3 » 2 S 2^'fe 

» » g <p .s a 

""•rt o G_| ff o3 






^5 <c 03 P 
a) -a ^ o p g aj 

g ^ rt p.=» M.^ 
^ g 5 m 1>.S ® 

■"+= G 0)^3 (S 
a 5^0^ +3 ft" ft 

|.Sa^^S22 

=»SG^2oK^ § 
o3+3 P.O oj+3 n 



s..§g I g 
S81a*a ^ 

.2 03 " •- M ^ 

g^-^ So 2 S 
^6&"-2g I ft 

■^3'^ tao-d S*^ CO s 

§*aS«s i I 
S5-5^S^ I g 

§-2|2g^ ^ ^ 

5 '^'.2"S -ftgc ftp 
2oa>S'3?;M -|8 

a^5pi,ocs^g 

i-35'oSE5£g| 

2G-gg=^i«:.^ 






Index to Cuban tariff. 



Number. 

Abaca 129-131,315,335 

Absinthe 82,276 

Acetates 96 

Acetylene (apparatus for) 226 

Acids 92, 93 

Aconitine 97 

Aconite 82, 100 

Acorns 262, 264, 286 

Adornments 25, 28, 30, 298, 299, 315 

Adzes 47 

Agate 25 

Agricultural apparatus, machinery, and 

implements 216, 332 

Air motors 218 

Alabaster 1 

Albumens 109 

Albumenized paper 315 

Albums 163 

Alcohol 275 

Ale 280 

Alimentary paste 289 

Alimentary preserves 273 

Alkalis 94 

Alkaloids 97, 99, 333 

Alloys 25-29, 72-74 

Almanacs 155 

Almonds 101,106,263 

Aloes 79 

Alpaca 144 

Alpargatas 200 

Alpiste 267 

Alum 95 

Aluminum : 72 

Amber 298, 299 

Amethyst 25 

Ammoniac 95 

Anchors 43 

Anchovies 249, 270, 340 

Aniline. {See Colors.) 

Animals 181-188,322,324 

Aniseed 82 

Oil of 106 

Anisette : 276 

Antifebrine 100 

Antipyrine 98 

Anvils 44 

Apparatus: 

Agricultural 216 

For making sugar and brandy 215 

For weighing 214 

For illumination 222, 226 

For light-houses 226 

For photography 315 

Scientific 315 

For guava press 226 

Telephonic 222, 226 

Telegraphic 222, 226 

Apples 262, 264 

Apricots 262, 264, 272 

Aqua regia 92 

Archaeological objects 324 

Archil 88 

Arms 53-55 

Arnica 82, 100 

Arrowroot 289 

Arsenic 91 

Arts, implements for 47 

Works of 328 

Asaf etida 82 

Asbestos 2, 226, 315 

Asphalts 5 

Astrakhans 146 

Atlases 157 



Number. 

Atropine 97 

Attar of roses 106 

Augers 47 

Automobiles 227, 230 

Awls 47 

Axes 47, 332 

Axles 39 

Bablah 88 

Baby carriages 180 

Bacon 240 

Baggage 330 

Bags 130, 201, 336 

Baizes. (See Tissues.) 

Balloons 309, 314 

Balsams 82, 99, 100 

Bamboos 171,179,180,300 

Barbed wire, fencing of (.see afeo Free list). 46,181 

Barber's chairs 174 

Bar fixtures 174 

Barges. (See Vessels.) 

Barilla 94 

Bark 80, 87, 333 

Barley 82, 255 

Barometers 315 

Barrels, and shooks for 168 

For firearms. (See Arms.) 

Bars 32, 36, 42 

Basins 21, 23, 33, 34, 56-58, 69, 70, 73, 74 

Baskets 179, 180 

Bas reliefs l, 24 

Bast 179,313 

Bath tubs 1, 2, 56, 74, 171, 172 

Bats, for baseball 171 

Battens 175 

Bay rum 106 

Beads 11 

Beams 42, 166 

Beans 257 

Bearings, of copper 66 

Bedsteads 32-34, 57, 58, 69, 171 , 172, 176, 180 

Beef 237, 242, 248 

Beehives, bees, etc 344 

Beer 280 

Beets 260 

Belladonna 82, 1 00 

Bellows 202 

Bells 69,70 

Belting 192, 226 

Belts 202 

Bench lathes 226 

Bent wood, furniture of 173 

Benzine 8 

Bergamot 106 

Berlins 227 

Berries 80, 82, 87, 262, 264 

Bevels (tool) 47 

Bibs 309, 314 

Bicycles and accessories 225 

Billheads 156 

Billiard tables and appurtenances 174 

Birds 188, 236 

Seed for (alpiste) 267 

Biscuits 290 

Bisque 24 

Bistouries 53 

Bisulphates 98, 333 

Bits, iron or steel 47, 49 

Bitters 276 

Bitumens 5 

Blacking 90 

Blankets. ( See Tissues. ) 
Blondes. (See Tissues.) 
Blotting paper 160 

223 



224 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



Index to Cuban taryf—Contiauedi 



Ntiinber. 
Boards .....-.,....... = ............... 166,167,178 

Boats. (See Vessels.) 

Boilers ................. 33,34,56-58)69,70)215,219 

Boiler makers' wares. .................... 66 

Bolts 48, 69 

Bombazine. ( See Tissues. ) 

Bone, and compositions imitating ....... 299 

Bones (as an animal Waste) 206 

Bonnets . .. = .......................... 313 

BooiiS 155.337 

Book bindings. 155 

Boots 197-199, 314 

Borax 95 

Boron 91 

Botany, specimens 324 

Bottles 10, 11, 14, 21 

Boxes 32, 39, 171, 172, 176 

Bracelets -25, 28, 30 

Braces (tool ) 47 

Brackets 170 

Brads 48, 67, 74 

Braid. (See Tissues.) 

Brandy 276 

Fruits preserved in 272 

Brass. (See Copper.) 

Braziline 87,88 

Bricks 5,17,342 

Bridles 201 

Bridle bits 49 

Brilliants 25 

Brine, meat in 237 

Bristles 143 

Bristol board. (See Pasteboard.) 

Britannia metal 73 

Brocades. See Tissues.) 

Broilers 56-58, 69, 70 

Bromides 98 

Bromine 91 

Bronze, coins of (see also Copper) 329 

Brooches. (See Adornments.) 

Brooms 179, 180 

Broomsticks 166 

Broom straw (millo) 269 

Brushes 143, 179, 180, 315 

Buckets 56-58,171,172,202 

Buckles 50, 69, 70, 72 

Bullets 74 

Burins 47 

Burnishers 47 

Buskins 197 

Busts 1, 4, 24, 69, 70 

Butter, and imitations of 244, 287 

Cables 46, 64, 131 

Cachimbas 215 

Calagua 100 

Calendars 156, 157 

Calipers 47 

Calisaya 100 

Calomel 100 

Cameos (see also Adornments) 25 

Cameras 315 

Camphor 79,.100 

Canary: 

Birds 188 

Seed (alpiste) 267 

Candles 104 

Wicks for 127 

Candlesticks 11 

Cane 179, 180, 300 

Ctoelon (Chinese cinnamon ) 283 

Cantharides 100 

Caoutchouc 78, 309, 314 

Capers 260, 271 

Caps: 

For wearing apparel 313 

For firearms 303 

Capsules 73, 99 

Caraway 77, 101 

Carbonate of magnesia 95 

Carbons 110 

Cardboard 162, i63, 201, 308 

Carded hair, hats of 313 

Cards: 

Printed or unprinted 156 

Playingcards 310 

Carpets. ( See Tissues. ) 



Kumber. 

Carriages 227-280 

Cars 228-230 

Carton-pierre 1 64 

Cartridges .. 303 

Carts 231 

Cases 166, 806 

Casks 168 

Castlron 31-34 

Caustic barilla alkalis .................... 94 

Caviar 270 

Celery 260 

Celluloid and imitations 299 

Cement 19 

Centrifugals 215 

Ceramic tiles 20 

Cereals 256 

Chains (see also Adornments) 48 

Chalk 3,4 

Chamber urinals 21 

Champagne 277 

Chamois leather 195 

Chandeliers 14, 69, 70 

Charcoal 100,177 

Pencils 86 

Chartreuse 276 

Charts 157 

Checks, lithographed 156 

Cheese 245 

Cheesecloth. (See Free list.) 
Chemical products not speeially men- 
tioned 98 

Cheroots 317 

Cherries 262, 272 

Chest protectors for baseball, fencing, etc. 315 

Chestnuts 265 

Chicory 286 

Chimneys 11,23 

Chinchilla. (See Tissues.) 

Chinese lanterns 161 

Chippings 75,206 

Chisels 47 

Chloroform 100 

Chocolate and sweetmeats of all kinds . . . 288 

Chromos and chromolithographs 157 

Chronographs 316 

Chronometers 211 

Cider 280 

Cigars and cigarettes 817 

Cinches 201 

Cinchona 82,833 

Cinnamon 82, 106 

Clarets. (See Wines.) 

Clariflers (sugar pans) 215 

Clasp nails 48, 67 

Cliches 74 

Cloaks. (See Tissues.) 
Clocks: 

Works for 213 

Cases 213 

Clothes. ( See Tissues. ) 
Cloths. ( See Tissues. ) 

Clover 269 

Clover seed 266 

Cloves 283 

Coal 838 

Cochineal 87 

Cocoa: 

Bean, ground or paste 287 

Butter 287 

Wine 100 

Cocoanuts: 

Fruit and seed 77 

Oil 101 

Codfish 247,340 

Cod-liver oil 100, 102 

Coffee, and imitations 286 

Coffee mills 226 

Coffee pots 26, 29, 30, 56-58, 69, 70, 72, 73 

Coffins and undertakers' fixtures 301 

Cognac ,276 

Coins 329 

Coke 338 

Collars 299 

Collections 324 

Colophany 78 

Colors ,, 84-88,312 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



225 



Iridp.i- to Cuban fc/-ri^— Continued. 



Number. 

Columns 32, 57, 58 

Compasses 30, 47, 69, 70, 315 

Compressed-air motors 218 

Compressors 226 

Comptometers 226 

Condensed milk and cream 246 

Conduits 19 

Confectionery 288 

Conserves 273 

Copaiba 100 

Copal (varnish) 89 

Copper and alloys of 59-70, 95, 209, 222 

Copra 77 

Copy books 161 

Coral and imitations 298, 299 

Cord and cordage 131 

Cordials 276 

Corduroy. (See Tissues,') 

Cork 178 

Corkscrews 47 

Corn and corn meal 255, 256 

Corsets. (See Tissues.) 

Corset stififeners 57, 58, 299 

Cosmetics 106 

Cots. (See Beds.) 

Cottolene 238 

Cotton. (See Tissues.) 

Medicated 100 

Oil 101 

Waste 112 

Counterpanes. (See Tissues. ) 

Counting machines 226 

Crabs 251 

Cradles 171, 172 

Cranes, hydraulic 221 

Cranks, of vrrought iron and steel 39 

Cream 246 

Condensed (see Condensed milk) 246 

Crgme de menthe 276 

Creosote 100 

Crochet hooks 52, 68 

Crowbars 47 

Crucibles .- 21 

Crystal and crystal ware 11-14 

Cubeb 100 

Curasao 180, 276 

Currycombs 47, 172 

Curtains. (See Tissues.) 

Cutlery 30,53 

Cuttings of iron or steel 75 

Cyanide of potash 98 

Cymbals 210 

Damask, f See Tissues.) 

Dates .' 262,264 

Deals 166, 167 

Decanters 11 

Demijohns 10, 21 

Dentifrices 106 

Dextrin 108 

Diamonds 25 

Digitalis 100 

Diligences 227 

Dishes 21-23 

Disks (signal) .43 

Dominoes 310 

Dragees, medicinal 99 

Drawings 157 

Drums: 

Musical instruments 210 

Of iron, for receptacles 57, 323 

Duck. ( See Tissues. ) 

Dyes 86-88 

Dynamite Ill 

Dynamos 223 

Earthenware 21 

Earths 3 

Eggs 252 

Eiderdown 204 

Elastic 314 

Electric: 

Accumulators 223 

Dynamo machinery 223 

Insulators 10, 23 

Lamps (incandescent) and carbons. . . 15, 110 

Switches 223 

Elevators 223,226 

159a— 05 15 



Number. 

Elixir 100, 106 

Embroderies. (See Ti.ssues.) 

Emeralds 25 

Emery, stone and paper 3,159 

Emulsions 100 

Enamels 14,85 

Engines 215, 21 6, 220, 222, 226 

Engravings 157 

Envelopes 154 

Erhmanita 92 

Esparto 179, 180 

Essences 78, 106, 273, 276 

Ether, acetic 98 

Etui cases 306 

Explosives Ill 

Extracts 79, 88, 98, 100, 106, 273 

Eyes, glass 14 

Faience 22, 24 

Pans 296 

Fats 101,102 

Faucets 69, 70, 73, 172 

Feathers 203, 204 

Feather dusters 204 

Feather plumes 203 

Feculse 100,108,289 

Pelts 304, 313, 326 

Fencing {see also Free list) 170 

Fertilizers 107, 319 

Fibers 129, 131, 335 

Figs 262, 272 

Figures 14, 24, 322 

Files 47 

Filings , 75 

Filister planes 47 

Films, gauze, for burners 315 

Fine arts, works of 328 

Firearms 54, 55 

Cartridges for 303 

Fire clay 16 

Firecrackers Ill 

Fire pans 33, 34, 57, 58, 69, 70 

Firewood 177 

Fireworks Ill 

Fish 247-251, 270, 340 

Fishhooks 52 

Fish plates 39 

Flannels. (See Tissues.) 

Flasks 10, 11, 14, 21-24, 202 

Flax 101, 129-142, 267, 334 

Flock wool 144 

Flooring wood 166 

Floss silk 148 

Flour 256, 261 

Flour of hops 98 

Flowers 307,320 

Flower pots = 21, 24 

Flower stands 33, 34, 67, 58, 69, 70, 171, 172 

Fodder 269 

Foil 26, 27, 70, 73 

Porks 26, 29, 53 

Fossils 324 

Foundry facing 177 

Fowls 236 

Frogs, iron or steel 43 

Fruits 262, 264, 272 

Fuel 177 

Furnaces 32-34, 57, 58 

Furniture 171-173, 176, 180 

Puses Ill 

Gaiters 197 

Galloons. ( See Tissues. ) 

Gallnuts 82 

Galvanometers 226 

Game 236 

Games 310 

Garden produce 260 

Garlic 259 

Garnet 25 

Garrafones 10,21 

Garters: 

Of gutta-percha 309 

Of others. (See Tissues.) 

Gas meters 226 

Gas motors 218 

Gasoline 8 

Gauze films, (See Films.) 



226 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



Index to Cuban tari^— Continued. 



Number. 

Gelatin 109 

Genista 179, 180 

Gin 276 

Ginger 283 

Ginger ale 280 

Girdles 202, 314 

Girths (saddle) 201 

Glass and glassware 10-15, 226 

Glazed cardboard 162, 163 

Gloves {see also Tissues) 196 

Glucose 108 

Glue 109 

Glycerin 102,106 

Goats 186 

Goggles 14,26,29 

Gold 25,26,30 

Gouges 47 

Grains 254, 255 

Gramophones 316 

Graphite 3, 85 

Graphophones 315 

Grates 32 

Grindstones 2 

Guano 107, 179, 319 

Gums 78 

Gun cotton (pyroxylin) Ill 

Gunpowder Ill 

Guns 54, 55 

Gutta-percha 78, 309 

Gutters Sid 

Gypsum 3, 4 

Hair 143, 147, 179, 180, 302 

Hairpins 52, 68 

Halters 201 

Hames 171 

Hammers 47 

Hams 241 

Hand carts 231 

Handkerchiefs. (See Tissues.) 

Harness and saddlery 49, 201 

Harpoons 47 

Hatbands 202 

Hatchets 47 

Hats 313 

Bands for 202,305 

Forms for 313 

Hay 269 

Headings for bills 166 

Heaters 32-34, 56-68, 69, 70 

Hectographs 226 

Hemp 131-142,334 

Goods of. {See Tissues. ) 

Henbane 82, 100 

Heniquen 129,131,336 

Herbs 82,269 

Herring 248,270,340 

Hides, skins, and pelts 189-195 

Hinges 32-34, .57, 58, 69, 70 

Hogs 185 

Hogsheads 168, 169 

Hollow ware 10,11,14,21-23 

Honey 291 

Hooks and eyes 52,68 

Hoops 36, 168 

Hops 82,98 

Horn, and imitations. 206,299 

Horsehair 143 

Hose 309,314 

Hose (footwear). (See Tissues.) 

Hot-air motors 218 

Hyacinth 25, 106, 320 

Hydraulic cranes and motors 218, 221 

Hydrometers 315 

Ice 315 

Implements 47, 216, 332 

Images. (See Sculptures.) 

Incandescent lamps 16 

Incubators 226 

India rubber 78, 309, 314 

Indicators 226 

Indigo 87 

Inductors 223 

Ingots 38, 72-74 

Ink 86, 88 



Number. 
Instruments: 

Dental 53 

Musical 207-210 

Scientific 315 

Surgical 53 

Insulators 10 

Intestines 205 

Invoices 156 

Iodine 91 - 

Iron 31-58 

Ivory, and imitations 298, 299 

Jasmine 82, 106 

Jasper 1 

Jelly 288 

Jerked beef (tasajo) 242 

Jet, and imitations 298, 299 

Jewelry 25, 28, 30 

Jewels 25 

Jipijapa {see Hats) 313 

Juices .273 

Jute 129-142, 335, 336 

Kirschwasser 276 

Knitted goods. (See Tissues.) 

Knives 53 

Cane 332 

Labels 156, 157 

Lace. (See Tissues.) 

Lampblack 86 

Lamps. ( See Manufactures of component 
materials.) 

Lanoline 102a 

Lanterns, Chinese 161 

Lard 102, 238 

Lasts (shoe) 171 

Latticework 170 

Lavender 82, 106 

Laudanum 100 

Lead, and alloys thereof 74, 85 

Leather 195,201,202,306 

Lemons 106, 262 

Lemonades, carbonated 280 

Lenses 14, 315 

Letterpress books 161 

Letters of exchange, lithographed 156 

Licorice 79, 82 

Lime 2, 3, 95 

Lincrusta (Walton) 164 

Linen . {See Tissues. ) 

Linoleum 305 

Linseed and linseed oil 101, 267 

Liqueurs 276 

Liquors 276-280 

Lithographs 157 

Lobster 251, 270 

Locomotives 220 

Looking-glasses 13 

Logs 167 

Lubricating oils, substances, boxes 6, 7, 32, 39 

Luggage 330 

Lupulin 98 

Macaroni 289 

Machetes 53, 332 

Machinery and machines 214-226 

Mackerel 249, 270, 340 

Madder 87, 88 

Magnesia 85 

Maizena 289 

Malt 82 

Manganese 9 

Manicure sets of steel 53 

Manikins, dressmaker's 172, 180 

Mantles for burners. (See Films.) 

Manures 107, 319 

Maps 157,331 

Marble 7 

Marbles (games and toys) 310 

Marine engines 218 

Marmalade 288 

Marshmallow 82, 100 

Masks 164,305,316 

Matches 308 

Mats 179, 180 

Mattresses. ( See Tissues. ) 

Meal 256 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



227 



Index to Cuban tariff — Continued. 



Number. 

Meat -. 237,242,243 

Medicinal dragees 99 

Medicinal oils 100 

Meerschaum, and imitations 298, 299 

Mercury 71 

Micrometers 315 

Microscopes 315 

Millo (broom straw) 269 

Mineral: 

Oils 6-8 

Ores 9 

Pitch 5 

Water 280,339 

Wax 103 

Mineralogy, specimens and collections 

of 324 

Miners' fuses Ill 

Mint (creme de menthe) 276 

Mirrors 13 

Models, dressmaker's. (See Manikins.) 

Molasses 292 

Money. (See Coins.) 

Moorings 43 

Moss 320 

Mother-of-pearl, and imitations 298, 299 

Motors 217,218,223 

Mushrooms 273 

Musical instruments 207-210 

Muslin. (See Tissues.) 

Mussels (Shellfish) 261,270 

Mustard 273 

Myrrh ."". 82,100 

Nails 48, 67 

National products 321, 341 

Needles 62, 53, 68, 224, 298, 299 

Newspapers 345 

Nickel, and alloys of 72 

Nippers " 47 

Nitrates, of potash and soda 96 

Nitroglycerin Ill 

Nonalcoholic beverages: 

Natural mineral waters 339 

Others ._, 280 

Numismatical objects .' 324 

Nutmegs 283 

Nuts: 

Chestnuts 265 

Cocoanuts 77 

Copra 77 

Of copper 69 

Of iron or steel 48 

Oats 265 

Ochers 84 

Oilcloth 306 

Oil paintings 312 

Oils 6-8, 100-102, 106, 274 

Oleaginous seeds 77 

Olein 102 

Oleographs 157 

Oleomargarine 244 

Olives 271 

Olive oil 274 

Onions 259 

Opal 26 

Operating tables 174, 226 

Opium 81 

Oranges 262 

Orange oil 106 

Ores 9 

Ornaments 4, 14, 24 

Osiers 179, 180, 306 

Oxalates 96 

Oxides and oxyhydrates 94 

Oysters 251, 270 

Packthread 131 

Paintings 312 

Paints. (See Colors.) 
Palm: 

Manufactures of 179, 180 

Fans 296 

Oil 101 

Paper (see also Free list) . .' 151-154, 156,158-161 , 316 

Paraffin 103, 104 

Parasols 311 

Sticks for 300 



Number. 

Parchment 195 

Parrots 188 

Pasteboard 162-164 

Pastes 289 

In form of papier-mach6 or carton 
pierre. {See Carton pierre.) 
Patent leather. (See Hides, skins, and 
pelts.) 

Shoes of. (Sec Shoes.) 

Peaches 262, 272 

Peanuts 265 

Pearls 25 

Pears 262, 272 

Pease 258 

Pelts. (See Hides, skins, and pelts.) 

Pencils 86 

Penknives -53 

Pens 26, 51, 68 

Pepper 283 

Peppers 260, 271 

Perfumery 106 

Periodicals 345 

Perry (cider) 280 

Petroleum : 6, 7 

Motors ■. . . 218 

Pewter. (See Alloys.) 

Pharmaceutical products 100 

Phonographs 315 

Phosphates 95 

Phosphorus 91 

Photographs 157 

Photogravures 157 

Piano wires 207 

Pickaxes 47 

Pickles 271 

Pictures 157, 312 

Pig iron. (See Iron.) 

Pills 99 

Pine 343 

Pineapples 262, 272 

Pins 51, 68 

Pipe fittings 32c 

Pipes 40 

Pistols. (See Arms.) 

Pistons 226 

Piston packing 309 

Pita. (See Tissues.) 

Pitch : 5, 78 

Placards 166, 157 

Plaids. (See Tissues.) 

Planes , 47 

Plants 307, 320 

Playing cards 310 

Plows 216, 332 

Plug tobacco 317 

Plums 262, 272 

Plush. (See Tissues.) 

Pneumatic tires 227-231 

Polarizers 215 

Pomades 106 

Porcelain 23, 24 

Pork 237, 243 

Potash 14, 95 

Potassium 91, 95 

Potassium cyanide 98 

Potatoes 260 

Poultry 236 

Powders: 

Tooth (see also Dentifrices) 106 

Talcum 100 

Gun Ill 

Precious stones and imitations 14, 26 

Preparations, toilet 106 

Primers for firearms 303 

Prints 167 

On tissues. ( See Tissues. ) 
Protectors (breast or chest) for baseball, 

etc -•- . . 316 

Pulp, paper 151 

Pulse 261, 271 

Pumps 218, 226 

Quinine 99, 333 

Rafters 166 

Rails, steel 36 

Railwn V material 32, 36, 39, 43, 220, 221, 228 

Raisins , 264 



228 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



Index to Ouban tariff — Continued. 



Number. 

Ramie 334 

Rasps (files) 47 

Rasps 47 

Rattan 179,180,300 

Razors 53 

Razor strops 202 

Reeds and rushes 179,180,300 

Residues (of petroleum) 6 

Resins 78 

Revolvers. (See Arms.) 
Ribbons. (See Tissues.) 

Rice 253 

Flour 256 

Rivets 48,69 

Rods 36,61 

Roe 270 

Root beer 280 

Roots for dyeing 87 

Rope and cordage 131 

Roses, attar of 106 

Rose water 106 

Rouge 106 

Rounders 47 

Round wood 166 

Rubies 25 

Rugs. (See Tissues.) 

Rum 276 

Rushes. (See Reeds.) 

Rye 255 

Saccharine 295 

Saddlery and harness 49, 201 

Safes 32, 33, 57, 58, 171, 172, 176 

SafHower 281 

Saffron 281 

Sal ammoniac 95 

Salmon 250, 270, 340 

Salt and salts 95-97 

Salted meats 237 

Saltpeter 95 

Salvage from wrecked vessels 236 

Samples 326, 327 

Sand 331 

Sandals 197,200 

Sandalwood oil 100 

Sandpaper 159 

Sarsaparilla 82,280 

Sassafras 82 

Satchels 201 

Sauces 273 

Sausage 273 

Sawdust 171 

Saws 47 

Scabbards 202 

Scales (copper laminse) 59 

Scales (weighing machines) 214 

Schists 6,7 

Scientific instruments 315 

Scoriae 76 

Screws ( threaded nails) 48, 69, 70 

Screws (propellers) 57, 58, 69, 70 

Sculptures 1, 4, 14, 24 

Sealing wax 104 

Seeds 77, 82, 266-268 

Seltzer water 280 

Sesame 77, 101 

Sewing machines and needles 31, 224 

Shavings, of iron and steel 75 

Shawls. (See Tissues.) 

Shears 53 

Sheers 226 

Sheets 37,62 

Shellfish 251, 270 

Shipbuilding, timbers for 166 

Ships. (See Vessels.) 

Shoes 197-199, 314 

Shoe lasts 171 

Shooks 168 

Shot 74 

Shovels 47 

Sieves 45, 65 

Signal disks 43 

Silk. (See Tissues.) 

Silver 25, 27-30 

Singing birds 188 

Siphons 10 

Sirup 288 



Number. 

Skates 248,340 

Skins. (See Hides, skins, and pelts.) 

Skvrockets Ill 

Slabs 1,2,12,19 

Slate 2 

Sleepers or ties 39, 166 

Sling carts 231 

Slippers 197 

Snuff 317 

Soap 105 

Soda 96 

Sodium, chloride of (common salt) 95 

Solders 74 

Soles, leather cut for 192 

Spades 47,332 

Specimens and collections • 324 

Spectacles 14, 26, 29 

Sperm 103 

Sperm oil 102 

Spermaceti 102 

Spices 283 

Spirits, compounded 276 

Spirits of turpentine 78 

Sponges 315 

Spoons. (See Table service.) 

Spring 39,46 

Spurs 49 

Stationary motors 217 

Statuettes. (See Sculptures.) 

Staves 165 

Steam motors, pumps, engines, etc... 217,218,220 

Stearin 102, 104 

Steel. (See Iron.) 

Sticks 300 

Stockfish 247 

Stones 14, 26, 331 

Stoneware 21 

Stoves 32-34, 56-58, 69, 70 

Straps, leather 201 

Straw, and manufactures of 179, 180, 313 

Straws, paper 161 

Strawberries 262 

Stuffed birds, animals, etc. (See Zoology.) 

Strychnine 97 

Sugar 293,294 

Bags 130 

Candy 288 

Machines 215 

Of lead 98 

Sulphates 95 

Surgical instruments 53 

Swanskin 146 

Sweet cake, sweetmeats 288 

Switches (railroad) 43 

Syrup. (See Sirup.) 

Table. (See Manufactures of component 
material.) 

Tables, operating 174,226 

Table service (cutlery, dishes, goblets, 

etc. ) 10, 11, 21-23, 53 

Tablets 99, 154 

Tacks 48, 67 

Tallow 102,239 

Tan bark 80 

Tanks 57,58,168 

Tapioca 253,256 

Tapestry. (See Tissues.) 

Tar 5, 78, 100 

Tarpaulins 304 

Tartar, cream of 100 

Tartrates 96 

Tasajo (jerked beef) 242 

Teeth 298, 299 

Telephones 222,226 

Telescopes 315 

Theaters (portable) 322 

Theatrical costumes 330 

Theodolites 315 

Thermometers 315 

Thread 113, 149 

Thyme 283 

Tiles 18, 20 

Timber for ships 166 

Timothy grass and seed 268, 269 

Tin, and alloys thereof 73 

TinfoU 166,157 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



229 



Index to Cuban tariff — Continued. 



Number. 

Tin plate 56 

Tinned sheets 37 

Tires 36 

Tissues: 

Bristles or horsehair 147 

Cotton 114-128 

Linen, jute, hemp, ramie, or pita 132-142 

Silk 150 

Waterproofs 314 

Wool 147 

Tobacco , 317 

Tobar, flowers of .' 281 

Toilet preparations 106 

Tomatoes 260, 271 

Tools and instruments (not apparatus) . . 47 

Toothpicks 172 

Tortoise shell, and imitations 298, 299 

Tow 304 

Toys 26,29,230,298,299,310 

Trained animals 322 

Tramway cars 230 

Traveling bags 201 

Trees 320 

Tricycles 225 

Trinkets. (See Adornments.) 

Trolleys, miners' 229 

Trucks 229 

Truffles 273 

Trunks 171, 172, 202 

Tulles. ( See Tissues. ) 

Tumblers 11 

Turntables 221 

Turpentine 78, 101 

Twine 131 

Type 74,172 

Umbrellas 311 

Sticks for 300 

Urinals. (See Chamber urinals.) 

Urns 1 

Vainiletina 284 

Valises 201 

Vanilla 284 

Varnishes 89 

Vaseline '. 8 

Vases 1, 14, 24 

Vegetable- 
Extracts (flavoring) 273 

Fuel 177 



179, 180 
273 
101 
103 
225 

167 



Number. 
Vegetable— Continued. 

Hair 

Juices 

Oils 

Wax 

Velocipedes 

Velvets. (See Tissues. ) 

Veneers 

Vessels 232-235, 315 

Wagons 231 

Walking sticks 300 

Wall clocks 213 

Wall paper 158, 326 

Walnuts 265 

Washers 48, 69 

Waste, cotton 112 

Wastes, animal 206 

Water-closets 226 

Waterproof stuffs 314 

Waters, mineral 280, 339 

Watches 211 

Watches, glasses for 14 

Wax 103, 104 

Figures 322 

Matches 308 

Weighing machines 214 

Whalebone, and imitations 299 

Wheat 254 

Flour 256 

Wheelbarrows 231 

Wheels (railroad) 39 

Whips 201 

Whiskies 276 

Wicks 112, 127 

Windmills. (See Machinery and appa- 
ratus. ) 

Wines 277-279 

Wire 26, 29, 41, 45, 63-65, 72-74 

Wood 165-177, 300, 306, 308, 311, 315 

Furniture of. (See Furniture.) 

Wood pulp (see also Free list) 151 

Wool. (See Tissues.) 

Works for clocks and watches 211-213 

Yarn 129,336 

Yeast 289 

YelloVv ocher 84 

Zinc and its alloys 74 

Zoology, specimens and collections of . . . 315, 324 



CHAPTER X. 

MONEY, BANKS, AND BANKING. 



MONEY. 



Cuba has no currency of its own coinage. The official money of the 
Republic is United States currency, and all taxes and public debts are 
paj^able in the same, except fees of registers of propert}^, which are 
collected in Spanish gold. In commercial circles (wholesale) Spanish 
gold is the basis of calculation, and in the retail trade and in the 
country Spanish silver is almost entirel}^ used. 

United States currency is always at a premium over Spanish gold, 
but this premium fluctuates according to the market demand for 
Spanish gold and silver. During the j^ear ending June 30, 1904, the 
American dollar was on an average equivalent to $1.09 Spanish gold 
or 11.38 Spanish silver, the fluctuation being from $1.10|- to $1.08i in 
gold, and from |1.42 to $1.35 in silver. 

The legal monetar}^ system of Cuba is patterned after that of Spain. 
The centen or 25-peseta piece is of gold, and has an average value 
of $4.90 American money. The silver coins are the peso, peseta, dos 
pesetas, real, and medio, occupying the same relative position as the 
American dollar, dime, and nickel. The dos pesetas is a silver coin 
valued at 2 pesetas, for which there is no correspondent in the American 
coinage. The peseta is the fifth of a peso. 

The following table will show in a more comprehensible manner the 
different coins in circulation in Cuba and their value in American 



money: 








Coin. 


Spanish. 


American. 


El peso - 


SI. 00 
.40 
.20 
.10 
.05 


«0.60 


Dos pesetas 




.24 


Una peseta 


.12 


Un real 


.06 


Medio real . 


.03 







Bronze and copper 1-centavo (cent) and 2-centavo pieces pass cur- 
rent at their face value in sums not exceeding 1 peseta. For the 
Government the fixed value of the center is $4.78 American ajad the 
Louis $3.83. B}- the latter is meant all the French coins and fourth 
part of a Spanish onza. 

230 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 231 

The result of the loan ($31,675,000) arrived in Cuba as follows: 

In gold coin of the United States: 

$20 $13,050,000 ■ 

10 5,500,000 

5 2, 149, 035 

$20, 699, 035 

In bills: 

$100 3, 858, 600 

50 1,808,000 

20 3, 087, 720 

10 1, 800, 010 

5 370, 035 

2 50,000 ■ 

10,974,365 

In copper coin of America 1, 600 

Total 31, 675, 000 

BANKS AND BANKING. 

The banking facilities existing in Cuba at the present time are 
inadequate. Under the tenure of Spain no effort was made to afford 
the Cubans an opportunity to bank their savings, nor were the usual 
channels found in other countries for the distribution of money given 
attention. 

On July 21, 1898, immediately following the occupation of Santiago 
by the American trqops, the President of the United States appointed 
the North American Trust Company, of New York, fiscal agent of the 
United States, and it continued to act as such until July 18, 1901, 
when the assets and business were transferred to the Banco Nacional 
de Cuba. 

This bank was organized with a paid-up capital of $1,000,000 
United States currency. It purchased part of the assets of the North 
American Trust Company, and liquidated the company's business in 
Cuba. 

The bank has branches established at Santiago de Cuba, Matanzas, 
Cienfuegos, Cardenas, Manzanillo, Sagua la Grande, and Pinar del 
Rio, and correspondents at every other important point in the island. 

The two principal conditions from which the financial situation in 
Cuba suffered were, first, scarcity of money in circulation; and, second, 
the lack of banking facilities outside the city of Habana, the conse- 
quent immobility of capital, and the difficulty of transferring money 
and credit from one point to another. 

The bank sought to meet these conditions by establishing its branches 
at the points mentioned, through which the Government makes its 
deposits and disbursements for the several localities, and which 
encourage local deposits, which are available for local loans. In this 
wa}'^ exchange operations have been facilitated, giving mobility to 



232 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

capital and affording opportunities for individual and company deposits 
in the bank, instead of keeping specie hoarded in safes as theretofore. 

The bank has a saving department, which serves to bring money 
into circulation, in addition to the bank's capital. 

Local loans are made and used for the development of business in 
each section. The surplus of one section is transmitted for loans in 
other sections where there is a demand for money. This prevents the 
money from being concentrated in Habana and gives facilities for the 
development of the several sections of the island instead of one par- 
ticular section. The bank has correspondents all over the world, and 
does the principal part of the exchange business with China. 

The bank's capital of $1,000,000 is divided into 10,000 shares of the 
par valae of $100 each, United States currency. This stock is held 
principally in the United States, although a large amount is held in 
Cuba. - 

J. P. Morgan & Co. are the bank's correspondents in New York. 

ROYAL BANK OF CANADA. 

The agency of the Royal Bank of Canada (head office at Halifax, 
Nova Scotia), established in Habana in 1899, has rapidly gained the 
confidence of the community, and is now ranked among the most 
important banking concerns doing business in the Island. This insti- 
tution, which is well and favorably known in the United States and 
Canada, has more than forty branches in those countries, including 
one in New York City, which gives it exceptional facilities for the 
handling of transactions between that city and Habana. The bank 
also has correspondents in the principal cities of Europe and in the 
East, among whom may be named the Bank of Scotland, the Credit 
Lyonnais, the Deutsche Bank, and the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank- 
ing Corporation. 

This concern has recently bought out the ' ' Banco del Comercio " 
business and is the Government's agent for the payment of the army 
of liberation. 

It has branches in Santiago de Cuba and Camaguey. 

THE SPANISH BANK. 

This institution, known as the " Banco Espanol de la Isla de Cuba" 
(Spanish Bank of the Island of Cuba), is a stock company, and was 
incorporated on April 9, 1856, with a capital stock of $8,000,000, now 
divided into 80,000 shares of the par value of $100 each. It has a 
reserve fund of $456,000. During the Spanish sovereignty it enjoyed 
the support of the Government, with which it negotiated many large 
transactions. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 233 

COLOKIAL LOAN AND DEPOSIT ASSOCIATION, OF BUFFALO, N. Y. 

This association has an authorized capital of $20,000,000, and has 
for its object the bringing together of those people who have money 
to invest and those who want to borrow; to furnish a safe and profit- 
able system for investing money in both large and small sums in a 
manner which will assist and encourage saving. Stock in this associa- 
tion is divided into shares of $100 each. 

In addition to the regular banks there are several private firms, 
whose business is principally that of loaning money on securities. 

Among these may be mentioned the banking houses of Zaldo & Co., 
L. Ruiz, H. Upmann & Co., and N. Gelats & Co., all of Habana. 

Recently a law has been proposed for the creation of national banks, 
which, it is thoi^ht, will be of great help in increasing the financial 



loiy 



and economic (ifvelopment of the island. 



^ CHAPTER XI. 

FINANCIAL ORGANIZATION— REVENUES, DEBT, ETC. 



DEBIT. 

On the 20th of May, 1902, at the time of the inauguration of the 
Republic, there existed in the treasury a surplus of $636,170.29, which 
shows that Cuba, which before the American intervention was under the 
weight of heavy colonial debts, entered the life of a free nation free 
from incumbrances, owing to the generous help she received from the 
great American Republic, and with more than $500,000 of ready 
money, which she could employ in the many works and duties of a 
newly born country which entertains ideas of progress and prosperity. 

This favorable condition of the Cuban treasury has been steadily 
growing better, as shown in the following table: 



May 20, 1902 $635,170.29 

June, 1902 745, 371. 08 

September, 1902 ". . 1, 406, 736. 83 

December, 1902 1, 824, 882. 79 

March, 1903 2,638,536.33 



June, 1903 13,172,463.01 

December, 1903 4, 254, 061 . 57 

March, 1904 4, 662, 014. 36 

July, 1904 7,099,584.86 

June, 1905 8, 657, 922. 49 



The receipts for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1905, were $61,751,- 
095.72, of which $25,944,322.60 were from public revenues, and 
135,806,773.12 from special accounts, of which $31,677,336.53 were 
the product of the loan for the payment of the Cuban army, there 
remaining a surplus of $4,129,416.59 of the said special accounts. 
In the year 1904-5 the custorr house receipts yielded $23,168,845, 
or $4,848,942 more than the previous year, this being due to a 
great extent to the increased commerce. The exportations reached 
$101,000,077, the importations $93,015,000, from which should be 
deducted the $31,677,000 from the loan, leaving a trade balance in 
favor of Cuba of about $40,000,000. 

The total taxes received for the year were $29,258,599, or $^,736,838 
more than the previous year. 

The special taxes devoted to the payment of the interest and sinking 

fund of the said loan amounted to $3,576,865.90, or twice as much as 

was needed to meet this disbursement, which added to the balance of 

$1,042,460.04 on July 1, 1904, gave a total of $4,619,325.94 This 

234 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 235 

splendid result moved the Government to buy in a million of the bonds 
in the market, for which it paid $1,062,500, thus reducing the capital 
of the loan and $50,000 annual interest. 

During the year payments were made to the amount of $44,510,373. 38, 
of which $17,286,400.11 were for the regular budget and $23,066,688.36 
for paying the army claims, leaving $8,610,648.17 to the credit of the 
latter. 

Th'e total receipts for the year were $61,751,095.72 plus $7,099,584.86 
balance of the previous year, giving a grand total of $68,984,714.63, 
and if $44,564,407.43 be deducted, a balance remains of $24,340,307.20. 
The amount in the Cuban treasury on the 1st of July last, which, after 
suffering some deductions for outstanding credits, left about $22,000,000 
surplus. 

REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES. 

The revenues of the island are classified as receipts from customs, 
internal revenue, postal and telegraph receipts, and consular fees. 
The following table shows a balance on June 30, 1904, of $5,860,372.37, 
after deduction of the amount due for fees of honorary consuls, postal 
money orders, outstanding bills, and funds collected through stamp 
tax for sinking fund and interest on loan made for the payment of the 
Cuban army: 

Revenue and expenditures of Cuba during the fiscal year ended June SO, 1904. 

GENERAL FUNDS. 

On hand July 1, 1903 $2,968,689.37 

Eeceipts during year ended July 1, 1904: 

Customs $18,299,470.01 

Internal revenue 1, 001, 253. 00 

Postal and telegraph 544,600.00 

Consular fees 266,918.09 

20, 112, 241. 10 

Total receipts - 23,080,930.47 

Expenses during year 17, 220, 558. 10 

Balance June 30, 1904 5,860,372.37 

TRUST FUNDS. 

On hand July 1, 1903: 

Postal orders outstanding $183, 893. 03 

Outstanding bills 4, 024. 65 

Correctional courts 15, 855. 96 

$203, 773. 64 

Receipts during year ended July 1, 1904: 

Postal orders 5,850,266.01 

Honorary consular fees 6. 45 

Stamp tax for loan 2, 251, 946. 52 

Outstanding bills 6,621.89 

Correctional courts 61, 188. 45 

8,170,029.32 

8, 373, 802. 96 



236 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Expenditures during year ended July 1, 1904: 

Postal orders $5,870,439.85 

Loan (interest and sinking fund) 1, 209, 486. 48 

Outstanding bills 3, 678. 73 

Correctional courts 77, 044. 41 

$7, 160, 649. 47 



Balance in treasury to meet outstanding bills 1, 213, 153. 49 

RECAPITULATION. 

On hand July 1, 1903: 

General revenues $2,968,689.37 

Trust funds • 293,773.64 

$3, 172, 463. 01 



Receipts during year ended July 1, 1904: 

General revenues 20, 112, 241. 10 

Trust funds 8,170,029.32 

28, 282, 270. 42 

Total revenues : 31,454,733.43 

Expenditures during year ended July 1, 1904: 

General expenses 17,220,558. 10 

Trust funds 7,160,649.47 

24, 381, 207. 57 



Balance June 30, 1904 7, 073, 525. 86 

Less outstanding debts 1, 213, 153. 49 



Net balance in treasury June 30, 1904 5, 860, 372. 37 

The nation's budget, approved by the law of January 25, 1904, estab- 
lishes the following: 

First. That the fixed expenses, the latter consisting of those occa- 
sioned by the legislative branch and by the interest, collection, and 
cost of the loan made to pa}^ the army, shall be $2,618,022, and the 
fixed revenue $2,829,960, composed of the customs duties set aside to 
cover the first-mentioned expenses and the taxes and duties placed on 
the importation, manufacture, sale, and consumption of liquor, as 
provided for in the law of February 25, 1904. There is therefore a 
surplus of $311,938. 

Second. That the annual expenses shall be fixed at $15,396,991.25 
and the revenues at $16,669,540, which will give a surplus of 
$672,540.75. 

The total surplus for the present fiscal year is estimated at 
$984,486.75. 

The following statement shows a recapitulation of expenses and 
revenues: 

REVENUES. 

Customs duties $15,528,500.00 

Consular fees 250, 000. 00 

Department of communications (postal and telegraph service) 500, 000. GO 

Internal revenue 2, 227, 500. 00 

Proceeds from Government property and fees 119, 500. GO 

Various sources 274, 000. OG 

Total 18, 899, 5GG. GG 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 237 

EXPENSES. 

Legislative branch $430,460.00 

Government loan: Interest and cost of collection 2, 087, 562. 00 

Executive branch: President's salary and expenses 68, 390. 00 

Department of state and justice 386, 855. 57 

Department of government 4, 997, 827. 54 

Department of finance 1, 903, 499. 06 

Department of public instruction 3, 751, 087. 08 

Department of public works 3, 023, 004. 00 

Department of agriculture, industry, and commerce 181, 663. 00 

Judicial branch 1, 102, 665. 00 

Total 17,915,013.25 

RECAPITULATION. 

Total revenue $18,899,500.00 

Total expenses 17, 915, 013. 25 

Surplus 984,486.75 

The only debts of the Republic of Cuba are: 

First. The Cuban bonds of 1896 and 1897, recognized by the law of 
January 22, 1904, amounting to $2,196,585. They bear interest at the 
rate of 6 per cent per annum, and are due ten years after the evacua- 
tion of the Spanish troops — that is, in 1909. The back interest was 
paid in 1904, and since then regularly in October^ and April. 

Second. The loan .for the payment of the Cuban revolutionary arm}' , 
amounting to $35,000,000. 

LOAN FOR THE PAYMENT OF THE ARMY. 

In the first message addressed by the President of the Republic to 
Congress, on March 26, 1902, the executive recognized the obligation 
contracted by the Government of the revolution with the army, and 
deplored that it was not in his power at that time to fulfill an obliga- 
tion so sacred as was that of rewarding the services of those who had 
fought for their country's freedom. 

In August of the same year a committee was appointed to revise 
and examine the lists of said armj'^, the work being continued by 
another committee appointed in May, 1903. Subsequently, by the 
law of July 24 of the same year, the obligation to pay the soldiers of 
the army and the civil officers and employees of the revolution was 
accepted as a legitimate debt of the Republic and a new committee 
appointed to act on the claims presented and to decide on all the ques- 
tions that might come up as the result of the settlements made. 

During the two months fixed as the period for its labors, this last- 
named committee has allowed 7,561 claims, and has still to dispose of 
10,364, as also a large number presented after the expiration of the 
legal term allowed for filing same. 



238 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

The President having been authorized by the law of February 27, 
1903, with the modifications contained in the law of Januar}^ 25, 1904, 
to negotiate a loan of $35,000,000 United States currency, said law 
at the same time determining the form of taxation required to provide 
the funds for pa3ang the interest and amortization of the principal of 
the debt, the necessary efforts were made in foreign markets for the 
purpose of carrying out this financial operation. 

The President of the Republic, in his message of November 19, 
1903, gave an account of the steps that had been taken for the purpose 
of obtaining said loan and at the same time recommended a modifica- 
tion of several articles of the law of February 27, 1903, which modifi- 
cations were made by the law of January 25, 1904. ' 

Of the proposals received from differeht bankers, that of Messrs. 
Speyer & Co., of New York, was accepted, and the preliminary 
agreement was signed on the 11th of February of the present year. 

The conditions of the contract are as follows: Security, 15 per cent 
of the revenue from customs duties, as provided for in the law of 
January 25, 1904; rate of issue, 90 per cent; interest, 5 per cent per 
annum; date of loan, March 1, 1904; redemption of loan to begin 
March 1, 1910. 

The interest and principal of the loan will be paid out of the taxes 
fixed by the law of February 27, 1903, with the modifications pro- 
vided for in the law«of January 25, 1904, as stated in the provisional 
agreement and in the law approving the budgets of the Republic, of 
January 26, 1904. 

On May 11, 1904, the final contract was signed at Habana and the 
$35,000,000 was paid to the Government in the installments specified. 
The following is the law on the subject: 

republic op cuba. 
Law Providing :for $35,000,000 Five Per Cent Gold Bonds. 

[Translation of the publication in the Gaceta Oficial de la Repiiblica de Cuba, January 25, 1904, of the 
act of the Congress of the Republic of Cuba, passed February 27, 1903, as amended by the act of said 
Congress, passed January 25, 1904.] 

Article I. The President of the Republic of Cuba is hereby authorized to issue 
bonds for a foreign debt, for an amount not to exceed thirty-five millions of dollars 
in gold, in money of the United States of North America, at the rate of four dollars 
and eighty-six cents ($4.86) for each pound sterling, or the equivalent in other for- 
eign moneys. 

These bonds shall bear interest at the rate of five per cent (5% ) per annum, and 
shall be retiied within forty years. The principal, as well as the interest, shall be 
exempt from all kinds of Cuban taxes that exist or may be imposed hereafter. 

Art. II. The Republic of Cuba pledges its good faith, and its credit, for the retire- 
ment of the bonds and for the prompt payment of the interest; and as a special 
guarantee for the payment of the interest and the retirement of these bonds, the 
executive power is authorized to set aside, pledge, and appropriate to this purpese a 
sufficient amount of the receipts of the custom-houses of the Republic of Cuba, in 
whatever form and manner the executive may consider sufl&cient and proper. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 239 

The President of the Republic is also authorized to determine the terms and con- 
ditions of the issue and service of this loan, reporting to Congress at the beginning 
of the first legislative session of the current year concerning the conditions and the 
result of the negotiations. 

Art. III. In order to assure the retirement of the bonds and the interest of the 
loan, and in accordance with the third section of article 59 of the constitution, a 
special permanent tax is created upon the manufacture, sale, or consumption of the 
following articles: 

Class First. — Domestic and foreign alcoholic drinks. 

Section first — Strong liquors: 

A. Each bottle or liter of rum, gin, whisky, or other similar liquor, manufactured 
in the country, shall pay twenty cents. 

B. Each bottle or liter of rum, gin, whisky, or other similar liquor, imported, 
shall pay upon entering Cuba, in addition to the custom duty, twenty cents. 

Section second — Natural wines: 

A. Each liter of sparkling wine, imported, shall pay at its entry, in addition to the 
custom duty in force, thirty cents. 

B. Each liter of imported wine of all other kinds shall pay upon entry into Cuba, 
in addition to the existing custom duty, two cents. 

C. Each imported liter of natural cider shall pay in entering Cuba, in addition to 
the existing custom duty, six cents. 

D. Each bottle or liter of wine made or mixed in the country, the manufacture or 
mixing of which is not prohibited, shall pay twenty-five cents. 

Section third — Domestic and foreign beers: 

A. Each case of twenty-four half bottles, manufactured in Cuba, shall pay five 
cents. 

B. Each case of twenty-four half bottles, or of twelve bottles, or each nine liters 
of imported beer shall pay upon entering Cuba, in addition to the existing custom 
duty, five cents. 

Class Second. — Domestic and foreign artificial waters and drinks. 

Section fourth: 

A. Each case of twenty-four half bottles of artificial water, manufactured in Cuba, 
shall pay five cents. 

B. Each siphon of one liter of artificial water, manufactured in Cuba, shall pay 
one-half cent. 

C. Each cylinder of artificial water, manufactured in Cuba, shall pay five cents. 

D. Each case of twenty-four half bottles of artificial cider (called "refresco"), 
manufactured in Cuba, shall pay five cents. 

E. The artificial waters or manufactured refrescoes, which may be imported, shall 
pay, in addition to the custom duty, the special tax to the same extent as those 
manufactured in the country. 

Class Third. — Manufacture and consumption of matches. 

Section fifth : 

A. Each box of matches, containing up to fifty matches, manufactured in the 
country, shall pay one-half of one cent. 

B. Each box of matches, containing up to fifty matches, imported, shall pay at 
entry, in addition to the custom duty, one-half of one cent. 



240 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Class Fourth. — Manufacture of tobacco. 

Section sixth: 

A. Each thousand manufactured cigars, for export, weighing over three pounds, 
shall pay one dollar. 

B. Each thousand cigarettes, not weighing more than three pounds, for export, 
shall pay ten cents. 

C. Each thousand manufactured cigars, for home consumption, weighing more 
than three pounds, shall pay two dollars. 

D. One-third of one cent on each box of sixteen cigarettes or twenty-one cents for 
each thousand and eight cigarettes. 

E. Each package of picadura (tobacco for cigarettes, pipes, etc.) shall pay, per 
pound, six cents. 

Class Fifth. — Manufacture of sugar. 

Section seventh: Each sack of sugar 'manufactured in Cuba, containing up to four- 
teen arrobas [an arroba contains 25 pounds] , shall pay five cents. 

Class Sixth. — Manufacture and sale of playing cards. 

Section eighth: 

A. Each pack of cards, manufactured in the country, shall pay five cents. 

B. Each pack of cards, imported, shall pay upon entry into Cuba, in addition to 
the custom duty, five cents. 

Section ninth: The taxes indicated in subdivision A, section first of class first, 
namely, those upon liquors; and those indicated in subdivisions A, B, and E of 
section sixth, which are imposed upon manufactured tobacco, boxes of cigarettes, 
and picadura, for export, shall not be applied until the beginning of the retirement 
of the bonds. The executive, nevertheless, is authorized to begin the collection of 
these taxes, if it should be necessary to complete the amount required for the pay- 
ment of the interest on the loan. 

Section tenth. Likewise the tax indicated in section seventh, class fifth, on sugars, 
shall not be applied subject to the same conditions specified in the preceding section. 

Section eleventh. During the life of the special tax established by this law all 
articles or objects affected by it shall not be subject to other new industrial taxes 
by the State, the Province, or the municipalities. 

Section twelfth. The President of the Republic shall determine the regulations 
which he may consider proper for the administration and collection of the tax, being 
authorized to make direct agreements with manufacturers and merchants concern- 
ing the manner of collecting such tax. 

Art. IV. The surplus which may result from this tax shall be applied to the vol- 
untary retirement of the bonds which may be issued, unless some other application 
is determined by law. 

Art. V. The result of the loan shall be applied, as far as it goes, to the payment 
of the amounts due to the army of liberation. 

Art. VI. In view of the aggregate of the amounts due to the disbanded army of 
liberation, which may remain unpaid after a part has been satisfied, as provided for 
in the preceding article. Congress shall determine the manner in which the Republic 
shall be discharged from this responsibility, although without affecting in any man- 
ner whatever the guarantees of the loan, which are established in this law. 

Art. VII. The President of the Republic shall issue the orders, decrees, and regu- 
lations which may be necessary for the execution of this law. 

Habana, January twenty-fifth, 1904. 

T. Estrada Palma. 
Jose M. Garcia Montes,* 

Secretary of Finance, 



HANDH<><)K OF (UJBA. 



241 



On Jul,y 28, 1905, the following law for the pa^mient of the remain- 
ing 50 per cent to the Cuban arm}'^ wa,s signed b_y the President: 

' . - . . 

Article 1. The executive power will invest in the payment — to the amount it will 

reach — of the 50 per cent due on the credits of the army of liberation the sums it will 
have in its possession, ninety days after this law has been promulgated, of the follow- 
ing funds: Surplus of the loan of the $35,000,000, the surplus resulting from the 
collection of the taxes created by the said law of the loan, and those which may 
exist in the public treasury. 

Of the total which may result from the accumulation of the amounts above stated, 
the sum of $6,000,000 will be previously set aside, which will remain as a reserve 
fund in the public treasury to cover the disbursement that Congress may determine. 

Art. 2. After the payment stated in the foregoing article has been made the bal- 
ance remaining in favor of each of the creditors will carry 5 per cent annual interest 
ninety days from the date of the promulgation of this law. 

Art. 3. To each creditor bonds will be issued, Avhich will be called "interior debt," 
for the final balance which will result in his favor. Said bonds will carry 5 percent 
annual interest, payable, after it becomes due, every six months, by means of cou- 
pons, which will be delivered with the security. , 

Art. 4. In each ordinary budget there shall be fixed the sum which Congress will 
determine to invest in the sinking fund of these bonds. 

Art. 5. The amortization will be made by lot, and once made the bond will be 
totally destroyed. 

Art. 6. The bonds to which article 3 refers will be of |100 each; fractions of less 
than that amount resulting from each liquidation made in conformity to what has 
been provided for in the second article of this law shall be paid in cash. ^ 

Art. 7. In all that is not provided in this law the code of commerce as to securities 
to the bearer wall apply to the bonds. 

Art. 8. All the laws, rules and regulations, orders, and other provisions opposed to 
the carrying out of this law are abrogated. 

About $17,000,000 will be paid in cash and the rest in bonds as 
stated. 

CUBAN BONDS AND STOCKS. 

Amount, interest, and value of Cuban bonds and stocks in September, 1905. 

BONDS. 



Name. 



Outstand- 
ing. 



Cuban Republic. 
Do 



City Habana, first mortgage 7 

City Habana, second mortgage 3 

Cienfuegos Railroad 

Cienf iiegos Railroad, second mortgage 

Caibarieu Railroad 

Cuban Central Railroad : 4 

Cuban Electric, first mortgage i 

Consolidated Gas, first mortgage 

Consolidated Gas, second mortgage 2 

Gibara and Holguin 



000, 000 
191, 585 
000, 000 
500, 000 
403, 000 
282, 000 
247, 000 
000, 000 
300, 000 
487, 000 
898, 600 
179, 000 



Annual 
interest. 


Quota- 
tion 
(gold). 


Per cent. 




6 


$118 


6 


113 


6 


118 


6 


116 


8 


128 


7 


117 


7 


112 


"li 


100 


6 


105 


8 


101 





40 


8 


98 



Due in- 



1944 
1908 
1939 
1938 
1921 
1921 
1922 
1944 
1920 
1906 
1960 



159 a— 05- 



-16 



242 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



Annnoif, interest, and value of Cuban bonds ami 

STOCKS. 



■iocks in September, 190.5 — Continued. 



Name. 



Outstand- 
ing. 



Annual 
interest. 



Quota- 
tion 
(gold). 



Cuban National Bank 

Spanish Bank 

Puerto Principe Agriculture Bank 

United Eailwaj's 

Matanzas Railroad 

Cardenas and Jucaro Railroad 

Western Railroad 

Cuban Central, preferred 

Cuban Central, common 

Habana Dry Dock 

Red Telephone 

Tropical Ice Factory 

Gibara and Holguin Railroad 



11,000,000 

5, 000, 000 

320, 000 

7, 720, 000 

6, 000, 000 

8, 000, 000 

3, 000, 000 

5, 000, 000 

4, 500, 000 

340, 000 

270, 000 

625, 000 

400, 000 



Per cent. 
8 
6 

4 
6 
7 
7 
6 
5^ 



117 

75 

203 

145 

172 

150 

122 

66 

85 

28 

115 

20 



CHAPTER XII. 

MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 



INTERIOR COMMUNICATION. 

Cuba was the second country in America to operate a steam road, 
being in this direction eleven years in advance of the mother country, 
Spain. 

The first Cuban railroad was opened to traffic on November 19, 
1837. It was built under the auspices of the Junta de fomento de 
la Habana (improvement board of Habana) and was known as the 
Caminos de Hierro de la Habana (Railroads of Habana). 

This road had an extension of about 45 miles, communicating the 
capital with the town of Guines, and is at present a part of the sj^stem 
of the United Railways of Habana. 

Four years later it was sold by the Government to a corporation, 
and this fact served to encourage others. 

The spirit of enterprise being thus stimulated, the first sections of 
the principal lines now in operation were soon constructed, and these 
furnished outlets for agricultural products to the most important ports 
of the island. 

In the year 1898 the principal railroads of Cuba were the following: 

Kilometers. 

United Railways of Habana 377. 89 

Western Railway of Habana 176. 99 

Marianao and Habana Railway 14. 48 

Matanzas Railways 289. 62 

United Railways of Cardenas and Jucaro 337. 89 

Sagua la Grande Railway 157. 68 

Cienf uegos and A^'illaclara Railway 110. 36 

Caibarien Railway 90. 10 

Total 1,505.01 

The following railroads also existed : Tunas to Sancti Spiritus, San- 
tiago de Cuba, Guantanamo, and Gibara to Holguin, with a length 
varying from 32 to 77 kilouieters, and the military road from Jucaro 
to Moron, which was also opened to the public. 

In addition to the above there were many private railroads, which 
had been constructed in the twenty years previous, to connect the 

243 



244 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

plantations with the trunk lines, and although the length of these 
roads seldom exceeded 5 or 6 kilometers, the aggregated mileage was 
considerable and represented an important percentage of the total. 

At the close of the Spanish-American war the Habana Electric 
Railway Company (incorporated in the United States) acquired, b}^ 
purchase, the concession granted many years before to the Compania 
del Ferrocarril Urbano y Omnibus de la Habana, for the operation of 
street railwaj^ lines in the capital city. 

The Compania del Ferrocarril Urbano y Omnibus de la Habana had 
limited its efforts to the establishment of five lines of street cars, 
drawn by animal traction, but as soon as the Habana Electric Railway 
Company took charge of the enterprise a complete and efficient elec- 
tric-car system was introduced. New lines were cpnstructed, modern 
vehicles imported, and when other improvements contemplated b}^ the 
company are completed Habana will possess as good a system of 
public conveyances as could be desired. The aggregate mileage of 
these lines when completed will be 3,648.22 miles of single track. 
The cost of the improvements has been estimated at $4,233,786. The 
gross receipts of the company for the year ending June 30, 1904, was 
$1,161,295, United States currency. 

The length of the trunk lines and branches of public railroads on 
June 30, 1903, was as follows: 

Kilometers. 

United Eailways of Habana 377. 89 

Cuban Central Railways 384.33 

United Railways of Cardenas and Jucaro " 338. 91 

Matanzas Railroad 275. 34 

Western Railways of Habana 178. 50 

Camaguey and Nuevitas Railroad 73. 01 

Santiago de Cuba Railroad 50. 95 

Tunas and Sancti Spiritus Railroad 38. 63 

Guantanamo Railroad 36. 42 

Gibara and Holguin Railroad 31. 45 

Marianao and Habana Railway 13. 03 

The Cuban Electric Company 24. 26 

The Cuba Railroad Company 541. 00 

Caracas Plantation Railroad 64. 00 

Total '. 2,371.74 

Subsequently and up to the present writing some 40 kilometers of 
road have been opened to the public. Of these, 33 kilometers are 
owned by the Eastern Railroad Company and 7 by the Insular Rail- 
road Compan3^ It can therefore be said that the total railroad mile- 
age of Cuba aggregates 2,412 kilometers. 

The 541 kilometers belonging to the Cuba company's road repre- 
sent an increase of 35 per cent, and this is a demonstration of the pro- 
gress made in thi« direction b}^ Cuba during the four years she has 
been free from European domination. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 245 

The completion of the central line ol' railroad, which bj' connections 
with other lines communicates Habana with Santiago de Cuba, marks 
the realization of a long-felt commercial want and the attainment of a 
political end of the greatest importance. 

To Sir William Van Horne, president of the Cuba company, and 
the builder of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, the Republic is indebted 
for this great accomplishment. 

Said Mr. Robert B. Porter, special commissioner appointed by 
President McKinley in 1808 to visit the island and investigate and 
report on her industrial, commercial, and financial conditions, in 
dealing with the question of railroads — 

No revolution could have existed in Cuba if such a railroad had been completed by 
the former Government, and nothing will so rapidly tend to the revival of commerce 
and general business as the facility for quick passage from one end of the island to 
the other, and from the trunk line over branches to the seaboard cities. All political 
turbulence will be quieted thereby and prevented in the future. The entire country 
will be opened to commerce, lands now practically of no value and unproductive 
will be worked, the seaport towns will become active, and commerce between the 
island and the United States will soon be restored to the former figures. 

In mileage, the Cuba Railroad Company is the greatest in operation 
in the island, its lines extending from Santa Clara to San Luis, a dis- 
tance of 321 miles, at which point it connects with the Santiago Rail- 
road, running to Santiago de Cuba, a distance of 33 miles, and which 
is under control of the Cuba Company. 

The work of construction of a branch line to Sancti Spiritus (a dis- 
tance of 11 kilometers) has just been completed. The Cuba Railroad 
is also building a branch line (1:9 kilometers in extension) from Alto 
Cedro to Nipe Bay, at which place it connects with the main line. 

The beneficial influence the Cuba Company's roads are called to 
exercise on the agricultural development of certain sections of the 
country is great. There are in Puerto Principe alone hundreds of 
thousands of acres of virgin land of unsurpassed richness, which will, 
when properly cultivated, make of that Province one of the most 
important sugar-producing centers of the island. 

The existence of this "backbone^ railway," as it is aptl}^ termed, 
with its feeders to the north and south coasts, will further enable the 
marketing of many millions of feet of valuable woods, such as mahog- 
an}'^, cedar, majagua, and others, which could not be previousl}^ gotten 
out at a profit. 

The promoters of this companj^ contemplated the building of a cit}' 
on Nipe Bay, which thej^ hoped to make one of the most important in 
Cuba, and also the establishment of colonies, sugar plantations, steam- 
ship lines from Nipe to New York and other ports in the United States, 
and the erection of modern hotels at Habana and in cities on their 
line. 

Owing to circumstances of the moment these projects have had to 



246 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

be temporarily delayed, but it is to be hoped, and there is every reason 
to believe, that they have not been abandoned. 

The aggregate mileage of this road, including its man}^ branch lines, 
will be, when completed, approximately 1,000 miles. 

For over half a century a system of this kind had been talked of by 
foreign capitalists; but it was not until Sir William Van Home formed 
the Cuba Company, which is an American corporation, that this great 
agency for developing the interior resources of the island was provided. 

The difficulties in construction arose from the inability to secure a 
governmental franchise. The outright purchase of a private right of 
way consequentl}^ became necessary. 

For a time a working force of 6,000 men was employed, and at cer- 
tain portions of the route the line was carried forward at considerably 
more than a mile a day. 

The tracks are of standard gauge, the bridges of steel and masonry, 
and the equipment of the entire road is thoroughly modern. 

Owing to the rapidity with which this road was built and to the lack 
of proper ballasting in man}^ sections of the line, trains did not run 
at night for a time, passengers being compelled to lay over at Santa 
Clara and Camaguey. Under these circumstances the trip from 
Habana to Santiago de Cuba occupied three days. 

But this condition does not exist any longer. The run being now 
a continuous one, trains leave Santiago de Cuba for Habana ever}- 
Monday, Wednesday, and Fridaj^ and arrive in that cit}^ from Habana 
every Tuesda}^, Thursday, and Saturday. All these trains carrj^ mail 
and passengers. The passenger rate is: First class, $24; second class, 
112. 

The trains have been equipped with sleeping cars, mostlj^ built in 
the United States, and these are provided with cane seats, necessary 
owing to the climate, and with all other modern appurtenances. 

Next in importance to this central line, and the second system in 
length in the island, is the United Railways of Habana (an English 
corporation) with a mileage of 377.89 kilometers. 

One of the several lines operated ])y this company extends from 
Habana to Batabano, a distance of about 36 miles, and runs through 
a well-cultivated country, devoted to the raising of tobacco, vegetables, 
and sugar cane. 

Batabano is a port on the south coast of the island and the center 
of the sponge industry of Cuba. 

Another line branches off from the above at Rincon and runs west, 
through a rich tobacco countr}', to Guanajay, a city of 7,000 inhab- 
itants, distant 35 miles from Habana, with which it is also connected 
by a splendid and well-kept macadam road. 

There is still another line running from San Felipe (on the Habana- 
Batabano line) to the city of Guines, which has a population of over 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 247 

8,000 inhabitants and is the center of a well-cultivated district, mainly 
dedicated to the raising of rice, potatoes, and other vegetables. This 
line extends to the town of Union de Reyes, where connection is 
made with the Matanzas Railroad line. 

The terminal of the United Railways of Habana system is at Regla, 
a town just across the bay from Habana. Its principal line extends 
from this point, through the Province of Matanzas, to Jovellanos, a 
town of about 5,000 inhabitants, on the line of the Cardenas and 
Jucaro Railroad, distant 88i miles from Habana. 

The Western Railway of Habana, another English corporation, com- 
municates the capital city with the town of Pinar del Rio, capital of 
the Province of that name, and it extends through the famous tobacco 
region of Vuelta Abajo, where the most renowned plantations of this 
kind in the world are located. 

The city of Pinar del Rio has a population of 9,000 inhabitants and 
is 109i miles from Habana. 

The road, after running through a good sugar and tobacco country, 
in the Province of Habana, enters the Province of Pinar del Rio, where 
it passes through a number of intermediate towns of some importance. 

This compan}^ have a concession to extend their line to Guanes, and 
have just opened to traffic a branch line running between Pinar del 
Rio and San Luis, a distance of about 18 miles, and have just com- 
pleted the extension between San Luis and San Juan y Martinez, a 
distance of about 10 miles. 

The Marianao Railroad (also an English corporation) is a suburban 
road, extending from Habana to the city of^Marianao, and thence to 
the beach of that name, a celebrated bathing resort, 9 miles from 
Habana. 

The Matanzas Railroad (a Spanish-Cuban corporation) has its ter- 
minal at the city of Matanzas, and runs south and east through a rich 
cane-growing district, to Cumanayagua, a town on the Cardenas and 
Jucaro Railroad, distant 85 miles from Matanzas. It also operates a 
line from Montalvo, through a sugar-cane growing district, to Murga, 
on the south coast, a distance of 29 miles. 

The Matanzas Railroad also owns several small branch lines con- 
necting the most important sugar plantations in that Province with 
the trunk line of the company, which facilitates the marketing of 
many thousands of tons of sugar. 

The Cardenas and Jucaro Railroad (a Cuban corporation) was organ- 
ized in 185T and has a capital stock of $8,000,000, held in Cuba and 
Spain, principally in Cuba. This company has no bonded debt and is 
in a very prosperous condition. 

The mileage of the road is 206, and it is about to build a small 
extension to the city of Cienfuegos, on the southern coast of the 
Province of Santa Clara. 



248 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

This company operates four lines, which traverse one of the richest 
sugar-growing sections of the island, its two main lines extending 
from the city of Cardenas, on the north, to Santo Domingo, and from 
Cardenas to Yaguaramas. 

As in the case of the Matanzas Railroad, the trunk line of this 
company is connected by small branch lines with the plantations. 

The Cuban Central Railways, Limited (an English corporation), 
chartered in 1899, operates five lines, the principal two extending 
from Cienfuegos to Santa Clara, capital of the Province of the same 
name, and from Isabela de Sagua to Las Cruces, passing through the 
town of Sagua la Grande. Its many line branches connect some of 
the principal towns in the Province of Santa Clara and extend through 
the greater portion of the most important sugar-producing region 
of the island. 

The aggregate mileage of its lines is 186 miles. 

The Jucaro-San Fernando Railroad, commonly known as the " Jucaro- 
Moron" line, which was built by the Spaniards as a military road, 
extending along the " Jucaro-Moron trocha," was formerly lined with 
small forts and blockhouses intended to prevent the crossing of the 
Cuban revolutionists between the Provinces of Camaguey and Santa 
Clara. It extends from Jucaro, a port in the southwestern part of 
the Province of Camaguey, to Estero, 40 miles distant, on the north 
co^st, 4 miles north of the town of Moron. 

This road is at present leased to a private corporation and connects 
with the Cuba Railroad, which it intersects at Ciego de Avila. 

The Puerto Principe is^ Nuevitas Railroad, in operation since 1851, 
communicates the city of Nuevitas, a seaport on the north coast of 
the Province of Camaguey, with the cit}'^ of Camaguey, capital of the 
Province, distant 40 miles. 

The company is a close corporation, its capital of $1,000,000 being 
held )\y eight shareholders. Their last published report for the fiscal 
year ending June 30, 1900, showed earnings of $292,442.42, with 
operating expenses of $191,120.33. The compan}^ has no bonded debt 
and the stock is owned b}^ residents of Puerto Principe. 

The line intersects the Cuba Railroad at Camaguey. 

The Tunas and Sancti Spiritus Railroad, extending from the port of 
Tunas de Zaza, in the southern part of the Province of Santa Clai'a, to 
the city of Sancti Spiritus, a distance of 24i miles, is a private corpora- 
tion belonging to the Del Valle famil3\ 

The Gibara and Holguin Railroad runs from the port of Gibara, on 
the northwestern coast of the Province of Oriente to the city of 
Holguin, a distance of 20 miles. 

It was opened to traffic in 1885, and its last published report in 
1900 showed earnings of about $2,000. 

The Santiago Railroad extends from the cit}^ of Santiago de Cuba, 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 249 

capital of the Province, to San Luis. It covers a distance of 26 miles, 
and owns a branch line, 7 miles in extension. 

This railroad is now controlled by the Cuba Company and is the 
southeastern terminus of its s^^stem. 

The Guantanamo Railroad extends from Caimanera, the seaport of 
the city of Guantanamo, through this city to the town of Jamaica, a 
distance of 19 miles, and also operates a small branch line 3f miles in 
extension. 

This line, which was opened to traffic in January, 1858, runs through 
a rich sugar-producing country. 

Its principal stockholdei's are a family of Santiago de Cuba. 

The Insular Railwa}^ Company (an American corporation) has just 
built an electric car line from Habana to Marianao. This line, when 
completed, will run as far as Mariel, distant about 31 miles. 

The Insular Railway Company has also a concession to construct 
two more lines from Habana to two other cities in the Province. This 
company has leased the omnibus line operating throughout the citj^ of 
Habana and along mam^ of the subui'ban roads. 

The Cuba Eastern Railroad (also an American corporation) is activel}'^ 
prosecuting work on its line from the Bay of Guantanamo, through SI 
sugar-producing country, to a large tract of hard woods, 18 miles 
distant. 

This company also^ proposes the extension of its line to the Bay of 
Nipe, and the building of another line to Baracoa. 

This latter will prove of the greatest importance, as Baracoa is the 
most important cocoanut and banana region in the island, having an 
extensive trade with the United States. 

The public railways of Cuba cost, with their equipment, about 
$65,000,000, and their gross earnings, according to last Government 
report, published in the earl}^ part of 1901, prior to the completion of 
the Cuba Railroad, were $5,800,000, net earnings being $2,120,000. 

Three of the most important railroads of Cuba are owned by British 
capitalists. These three roads represent a capitalization of $31,500,000 
out of a total, in 1900, of about $53,000,000. 

The military government of intervention, desiring to obviate the 
exclusive and independent system that up to that time each compan^^ 
had adopted, caused a complete investigation to be made in the prem- 
ises and, after mature examination, published, through Order No. 31, 
series of 1902, a new railroad law, which, supplemented by Order 
No. IIT, same series, tended to equalize matters appertaining to the 
existing railroad companies, especially with reference to that part 
relating to the tariffs of same, which was the main object of the second 
or supplementary order. 

Among the reforms thereby established there is one that has helped 
in a larg'e measure to normalize and harmonize the working of the 



250 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

companies among themselves in tbeir relations with the Government 
and the public in general, which reform consists in the creation of a 
railroad commission, composed of the secretary of public works as 
chairman, the secretary of agriculture, industry, and commerce, and 
the secretary of finance, as commissioners, and a secretary to the board; 
which commission is charged with the affairs relating to the manage- 
ment of railroad companies in matters appertaining to the aforesaid 
relations. 

Messrs. Moseley and Decker, of the United States Interstate Com- 
merce Commission, addressed the following interesting letter to the 
Secretary of War of the United States, on March 24, 1902, which fully 
explains the provisions of the new law: 

Interstate Commerce Commission, Office op the Secretary, 

Washington, March S4, 1902. 
To the honorable the Secretary of War, 

• Washington, D. 0. 

Sir: At the request of General Wood, we went to Cuba to assist in the revision of 
the railway laws of that island. With a desire to aid the Government in every 
possible way this was willingly done without compensation other than our actual 
expenses. Upon our arrival General Wood, the military governor, was emphatic in 
his desire that the law should be revised in such manner that full protection would 
be given to the public, the shipper, and other patrons of the road, and yet no undue 
hardship imposed upon the railway corporation, and also that the employees of the 
railroads should be recognized to the extent that regulations governing their employ- 
ment should be subject to revision and approval by the board of railroad commis- 
sioners only after the railroad employees or their representatives had had full 
opportunity to be heard. With this end in view the railway law of Cuba, as put in 
"force February 22, 1902, was drafted, as stated in the order of the military governor, 
for the purpose of harmonizing, consolidating, unifying, and reforming the provisions 
of law in force in the island as to the organization, administration, operation, and 
dissolution of railway companies. 

It was especially necessary to reform the methods of railway organization or 
incorporations, the registration of titles, and proceedings in condemnation of property 
for railway use, as well as the laws applicable to railway construction, operation, 
and regulation. Under the old statutes all railroad matters were transacted through 
the department under the control of the secretary of public works. Under the 
present statutes these matters are under the jurisdiction of three officials — the seci-e- 
taries of public works, of finance, and of agriculture, commerce, and industrj' — tlie 
))oard being known as the railroad commissipn. 

In regard to regulation, some of the former requirements are understood to liave 
been too stringent. At any rate, in their construction by the public officials and 
the courts and in their application they had been adjusted to an order of things 
which passed away with Spanish sovereignty. The railway situation in general 
demanded a new system of railway law, modeled as nearly as may be after the 
modern railway statutes and railway usages of other countries, including those of 
the United States, England, and Canada. The result is that Cuba now has a railway 
law well adapted to its requirements and well calculated to jiromote the commercial 
progress of which it stands in such great need. It is not understood that any 
franchises or concessions are granted by the new law, and in framing the statute the 
aim has been to properly safeguard the interests of capital represented in new 
railway enterprises as well as to establish a plain, effective, and just system of railway 
regulation. 



I 
I 
I 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 251 

The railway comi^anies arc required to iniblisli their maximum tariffs of rates, but 
they are not compelled to i)nbli8h the actual rates below the maximum tariff charges 
whith they may put in force. A requirement to publish the actual rates was not 
inserted in the law, for the reason that the conditions in Cuba were not believed to 
warrant such a provision at this time. One main consideration in tiiis respect was 
that the sugar traffic is transported largely by the railroads under special contracts 
with the planters, covering the working of numerous private lines upon and from 
the plantations, and connecting with the lines of the public carriers, and also con- 
taining provisions applicable to particular sections served by the several carriers. A 
measure of publicity, however, is provided, in that, under the law, it is the duty of 
every railroad company to furnish the commission with copies of their contracts, 
and to make known to every person upon demand any special rates, rebate, draw- 
back, or concession given to anyone. The commission may give publicity to such 
information or contracts if in its judgment the public interests require it and the 
welfare of the railroad companies would not be thereby injuriously affected. While 
it might well be said that a requirement in the statute for the publication of the 
actual rates would not prevent adjustment of the rates according to conditions in 
different localities, the aim of such a provision is always to insure observance of the 
published tayff for the time it may be in force, and to that extent, if no other, it 
would prevent concessions to the planters and establish a reversal of present condi- 
tions which might injure the sugar industry. Undoubtedly such a requirement will 
sooner or later be necessary, })ut it was not deemed wise to insist upon it at this time. 
With that single exception the regulation provided in the railway law of Cuba is 
believed to be the best that has yet been devised in any country. 

As the law was first drafted the maximum tariffs and freight classification, after 
having been approved by the commission, could not be changed under two years, 
and although discrimination as between localities and different shippers under the 
same circumstances was prohibited no means w^ere provided in the law for redressing 
wrongs due to unreasonable rates, undue preferences, or unjust discrininations. 
Plainly there would not be, with the law in that state, any protection to the public 
for wrongs resulting from the application of actual rates imposed by the railroad 
companies. This was cured by the insertion of a provision that, notwithstanding 
the establishment of maximum tariffs of rates and the classification of freights, "it 
shall be unlawful for any railroad company to charge or enforce any unreasonable 
or unjust toll, rate, or classification of a particular kind of freight, or to make or give 
any undue or unreasonable preference or advantage to any person, firm, company, 
corporation, locality, or any particular description of traffic, or to subject any person, 
firm, company, corporation, locality, or any particular description of traffic to any 
undue or unreasonable prejudice or disadvantage in any respect whatsoever; and 
whenever, upon complaint thereof by any interested party, the railroad commission 
shall, after due hearing of all parties, of which not less than ten days' notice shall 
be given, find an}^ such unlawful toll, rate, classification of a particular kind of 
freight, preference, or prejudice to exist, such commission shall have authority to 
order its discontinuance and to substitute in such order the rate, toll, classification, 
or practice which shall upon the facts appear to be just and reasonable." 

It is further jjrovided in the law in this connection that an appeal may be taken 
from such order of the commission to the supreme court sitting as a court of admin- 
istration, in the same manner and to the same effect as is provided for appeals from 
all other orders of the commission, and that the order of the commission shall not 
in any case be binding upon the railroad company for a longer period than six 
months from the time it shall go into effect; but such order, limited in application to 
six months, maj^ be reissued from time to time by the railroad commission for good 
cause shown upon further comi)laint and due hearing, subject to the same right of 
appeal. This is in the line of protection to the railroads, as is also a further provision 



252 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

that in all such cases due weight shall be given by the railroad commission to the 
fair interests of the railwa_y company, as well as to those of the public and affected 
shippers and communities. It is further provided that whenever wrongful prejudices 
or disadvantages shall appear to result from comparison of rates or tolls charged by 
one or more railroad companies the railroad commission shall have authority to 
order an increase of the lower rate or a reduction of the higher rate, or both such 
increase and reduction, as the circumstances and conditions and fair interests of the 
parties may require. In all cases decided by the commission against a railroad com- 
pany upon complaint the decision of the commission is to be considered as a decision 
of the Government, and such decision must be defended and maintained by the 
supreme court sitting as a court of administration, without expense to the party who 
complained before the commission. This law is not only comprehensive in scope, 
but minute in specification. There is regulation of railway employees as well as 
railway companies, and the employees are entitled to be heard personally or by their 
representatives before the commission in all matters affecting their rights in the 
establishment and approval of the working class of railway companies. Stringent 
provisions are also provided for the application of improved safety appliances to 
railway equipment and for the reporting and investigation of all accidents, including 
those to passengers and employees. 

Under the provisions of this law a uniform classification has beei* prepared and 
promulgated by the militar}^ governor, and a set of rules of practice before the rail- 
road commission similar to those of the Interstate Commerce Commission has also 
been put in force. With the submission of maximaim tariffs by the railway compa- 
nies and the revision and approval of such tariffs by public authority, as required by 
the law now in force, it is confidently believed that Cuba will have a complete and 
thoroughly satisfactory system of railway organization, supervision, and regulation. 
Your obedient servants, 

Edw. a. Moseley. 

Martin S. Decker. 

Besides these public roads there are the private plantation roads, 
the total length of which is 871 miles, and their value $11,309,692. 

HIGHWAYS. 

In this branch there has been great progress made in Cuba since 
the advent of the Republican regime inaug-urated an era of prosperit}^, 
encouraging the spirit of enterprise of the people. 

The American intervention government devoted milch attention to 
the building of roads and to the improvement of those already built. 

Their worthj^ initiative has been followed by the Cubans, and the 
result has been a complete and most wonderful change for the better 
in the highwaj^s of the island. 

Cuba, which in the year 1899, at the time of the withdrawal of the 
Spanish Government, only possessed 256 kilometers of highway (138 in 
the Province of Habana and 118 in Pinar del Rio), had on June 30, 1903, 
more than 399 kilometers, which means that in the period of only four 
years the Government has constructed highwaj'^s in the proportion of 
more than 50 per cent as compared with the time previous to the inde- 
pendence of the country. The Provinces of Matanzas, Santa Clara, 
Camaguey, and Oriente, which were destitute of highways during the 
Spanish domination, count to-day with several miles of well-constructed 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 253 

roads, and those already existing in the provinces of Habana and 
Pinar diel Kio have been greatly improved. 

The following table gives a complete mileage of the highways now 
existing in the six Provinces: 

Kilometers. 

Habana- . 33, 765 

Pinar del Kio 14, 537 

Matanzas 11, 000 

Santa Clara 22, 370 

Camaguey 7, 600 

Oriente 54,161 

Total 143,433 

FOREIGN COMMUNICATION. 

POSTAL SERVICE. 

Among the many reforms introduced by the American military 
government during the period of intervention and subsequently per- 
fectioned by the Cuban authorities, none perhaps are so complete as 
those of the postal service of the island. 

The ancient and inadequate system in existence during the Spanish 
administration has been radically reformed, and Cuba to-da}'^ possesses 
a modern and efficient postal system, similar in many respects to that 
of the United States. 

One of the first innovations introduced by the American Govern- 
ment was the establishment of two important branches, hitherto 
unknown in the country, namely, the money order and parcels post 
departments. 

Post-offices were also established at those points where they had 
been destroyed by the war; others were reorganized and the necessary 
personnel appointed. The transportation service was also improved; 
new routes and offices were established and the service perfected until 
it was left on a self-supporting basis, ready to be transferred to the 
Government of the Republic. 

From that time the Cuban Government has followed in the lines 
laid down by its predecessors, and at the present time there is daily 
communication by mail from Pinar del Rio to Santiago de Cuba. 

The number of post-offices in operation in Cuba on June 30, 1904, 
was 387. 

During the fiscal year 1902-3 the department of posts of the Repub- 
lic handled the following number .of letters: 

Domestic mail - - 11, 903, 891 

Foreign Jiiail: 

Forwarded 1 , 999, 093 

Received - 8, 316, 692 

In transit 366 

Total 22,219,952 



254 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



During the last fiscal j^ear (1903-4) the department of posts of the 
Republic handled the following number of letters: 

Domestic mail 17,590,548 

Foreign mail: 

Forwarded 4,009,500 

Received 6,062,868 

In transit 317 



Total 27,663,233 

As is the case in the United States, letters and packages can be 
registered by paying 8 cents over and above the cost of mailing; this 
covers the return to the sender of a receipt signed by the addressee. 

The following table shows the number of pieces of registered mail 
handled during 1903 and 1904 as compared with 1901: 





1901. 


1903. 


1904. 


DOMESTIC. 


64, 170 
7,697 


140, .536 
14, 677 


244, 124 


Packages 


16, 690 






71,867 


155,213 


260,814 


FOREIGN. 


76, 117 
• 7,090 


104,354 
8,402 


97, 208 




11 848 








83,207 


112, 756 


109,056 


OFFICIAL, FREE. 


31,444 


34, 432 


59, 604 




Total 


186, 518 


302,401 


429,474 





Increase in favor of 1903, 115,883, and in favor of 1904, 242,956. 
Registered mail from foreign countries, 153,933 in 1903 and 177,600 in 1904. 



The money-order system established in the Republic is operated on 
the same basis as that existing in the United States; it furnishes easy, 
rapid, and efficient service, and has been extended to the United States 
and Canada. 

Money-order transactions 1902-1904- 





1902-3. 


1903-4. 




Number. 


Amount. 


Fees. 


Number. 


Amount. 


Fees. 


Domestic money orders 
issued 

Foreign money orders 
issued 


64, 710 
32, 693 


12, 015, 568. 49 
658,361.98 


18,390.81 
3, 166. 46 


81, 749 
38, 392 


12,201,321.36 
672, 106. 91 


S9, 693. 27 
3, 423. 31 






Total 


97, 403 


2,673,930.47 


11,557.27 


120, 141 


2, 873, 428. 27 


13, 116. 58 







The Government is contemplating to extend the money-order serv- 
ice to several other countries, which will, it is expected, greatly benefit 
and facilitate the relations of Cuba with the most important nations 
of the world. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 255 

Mail matter in the island is carried by steamship (-orapanics, rail- 
roads, mounted postmen, and postal messengers, covering the following 
distances on May 20, 1904: 

Kilometers. 

Railroads 2,292,636 

Steamship companies 320, 421 

Mounted postmen - 987, 992 

Messengers 56, 428 

Distance covered on May 20, 1904 3,657,477 

Distance covered on May 20, 1902 2,480,481 

Difference in favor of 1904 1,177,046 

On April 30, 1906, the total amount covered by postal routes within 
the territory of the Republic was 3,808,376 kilometers, which gives 
still an increase over May 20, 1904. 

Following is a list of the steamship lines now carrying the Cuban 
mail: 

Plant Line. — Between Habana and Tampa, Fla., three times a week. 
Ward Line. — Direct steamers between Habana and New York, 
twice a week; between Habana and Veracruz, once a week; between 
Habana, Santiago de Cuba, and New York, twice a month. 

Munson Line. — Irregular service between Cuban ports and the 
United States. 

Spanish Trans- Atlantic Line. — ^Between Habana and Spanish ports, 
once a month; between Habana and Veracruz, once a month; between 
Habana and South American ports, once a month; between Habana 
and New York, twice a month. 

French Trans- Atlantic Line. — Between Habana, Santander (Spain), 
and St. Nazaire (France), once a month; between Habana and Vera- 
cruz (Mexico), once a month. 

Hamburg -American Line {German). — Between Habana and Vera- 
cruz, once a month. 

Sohrinos De ILerrera Line {subsidized Ouhan company). — Between 
Cuban ports and Haiti and Puerto Rico, once a month. 

EXPENSES. 

The total expenses of the department of posts of Cuba during the 
fiscal year of 1902-3 amounted to the sum of $416,351.64, and the 
total receipts, including $392,388.37 for the sale of stamps, amounted 
to $420,173.77, which leaves a balance of $3,822.13 in favor of the 
treasury. 

It is worthy of special notice that at the time of the advent of the 
(^uban republican regime there existed a deficit in the department of 
-posts, which, after great efi'orts and economy, was reduced to $44,803.33 
during the fiscal year of 1901-2. One year later, as it has been shown, 
this deficit had not only disappeared, but the department was in pros- 
perous financial condition, leaving a surplus in favor of the treasury. 



256 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

STEAMSHIP COMMUNICATION. 

Habana can best be reached from New York by Ward Line steam- 
ers, sailing from that city Wednesda}'^ and Saturday of each weel^, if 
an all-sea voyage is desired. These steamers arrive at Habana Mon- 
day and Wednesday of each week, and sail for New York Tuesda}^ and 
Saturday. 

Ward Line steamers also leave Habana every Monday for Mexico. 

If rail and water journey is desired, one of the following routes 
should be selected: 

Steamers sail from New Orleans (Southern Pacific) everj^ Saturday, 
arrive at Habana on Monday, and return to New Orleans Tuesday. 
The average length of the ocean voyage is 32 hours, to which must be 
added 12 hours consumed in going up or down the Mississippi River. 

The Peninsular and Occidental Steamship Company's steamers sail 
f]om Tampa, Fla., Sundaj^, Tuesday, and Thursday nights of each 
week, arriving in Habana Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday mornings, 
and returning to Tampa at noon on the same days. The average length 
of the sea voyage is 26 hours. This line has also a steamer between 
Miami, Fla., and Habana, which sails on Wednesday and Saturday of 
each week from Miami, and arrives here on Friday and Monday, leav- 
ing for Miami the same day. 

The Munson Steamship Company has a steamer from Mobile, Ala. , 
which leaves that citj^ every Tuesday, arriving in Habana on Thursday, 
and returning to Mobile on Friday of each week. The average time 
of the voyage is 48 hours. 

Steamers of the West Indian Company (Limited) — Dutch mail 
steamers — sail from Copenhagen on the 30th of each month, stopping 
at Antwerp, Belgium; Havre, France; and Corunna, Santander, and 
Bilbao, Spain, arriving here 13 days after, sailing hence 2 days later 
for Veracruz, Tampico, and Progreso, returning to Habana to sail for 
Europe again on the 30th day of each month. 

Steamers of theCompania Transatlantica Espaiiola — Spanish mail and 
passenger steamers — sail from Bilbao, Corunna, Santander, Cadiz, and 
Barcelona three times a month. These steamers go from Bilbao, 
stopping at New York, on the 10th of each month; from Bilbao, stop- 
ping at Corunna and Santander, on the 20th, and from Barcelona, Bil- 
bao, Cadiz, and Genoa on the 30th; all arrive at Habana 15 days after 
the date of sailing. The first steamer each month of this line goes to 
Mexico; from Mexico to Central American ports; thence to Porto 
Rico, the Canary Islands, Genoa, Malaga, Bilbao, Cadiz, and Barce- 
lona. These steamers leave Habana on the 4th or 5th of each month. 
The second steamer leaves Habana for Veracruz, Mexico, 2 days after" 
arrival here, and returns to this port about 10 days thereafter, and 
sails on the 20th of each month for Europe. The third steamer leaves 
Habana two days after arrival for Mexico and South American ports, 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 257 

and returns to sail from Habana on the 30th of each month for Bilbao, 
via New York, Italian ports, and the Canary Islands. 

The Hamburg-American Line has steamers leaving Hamburg on the 
24th of each month, stopping at Antwerp and arriving at Habana on 
the 14th to 16th of each month. From Habana they go to Mexico, 
and return to leave Habana for Europe on the last of each month. 

The North German Lloyd Company has steamers sailing from 
Bremen on the 14th of each month, stopping at Antwerp, Corunna, 
and Villagarcia, arriving at Habana on the 6th of the following month. 
After discharging cargo for Habana they sail for Matanzas, Cardenas, 
Sagua, Mauzanillo, Santiago de Cuba, and Cienfuegos, and then return 
to Habana, whence the}^ sail on the 2d to the 5th of every month for 
Bremen, stopping at Villagarcia, Corunna, and Antwerp. 

The Herrera Steamship Line has steamers between Habana and 
Porto Rico. Steamers sail on the 10th or 11th of each month for Nue- 
vitas, Pureto Padre, Gibara, Baracoa, Guantanamo, Santiago de Cuba, 
Santo Domingo, San Pedro de Macoris, Ponce, Maj'aguez, and San 
Juan, Porto Rico, returning to Habana on the 1st or 2d of the follow- 
ing month. 

A. Folch & Co. have steamers sailing on the 14th or 15th of each 
month from Barcelona, touching at Valencia, Alicante, Malaga, Cadiz, 
Vigo, and Corunna. Leaving Corunna about the 28th or 30th of each 
month these steamers arrive at Habana on or about the 14th, and sail 
about a week thereafter for Santiago de Cuba and Cienfuegos, and 
thence to New Orleans. If there are passengers for Spain the steamers 
return to Habana, and then sail direct for Barcelona, Spain. 

The Norton Steamship Line has steamers between Buenos Ayres, 
Argentina, and Cuba. Steamers sail from Buenos Ayres on the 25th 
of every month, arriving at Habana 23 days after date of sailing, and 
leaving Habana 3 days after arrival for New York, returning after 3 
days' stay to Buenos Ayres via Montevideo. 

The Compafiia General Transatlantica de Vapores Correos Franceses 
has steamers leaving St. Nazaire every month, touching at Corunna 
and Santander about the 24th or 23th, arriving at Habana on the 5th, 
and sailing the day after arrival here for Veracruz, Mexico. Return- 
ing about 10 days later to Habana, they sail on the 15th for Santan- 
der, Corunna, and St. Nazaire. 

Steamers of the Pinillos Yzquierdo & Co.'s Spanish Transatlantic 
Steamship Line leave Barcelona about the 29th of each month, touch- 
ing at Palmas de Majorca, Valencia, Malaga, Cadiz, LasPalmas, Grand 
Canary, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de la Palma, Porto Rico, 
and Santiago de Cuba. Arriving at Habana about a month after, they 
sail for Matanzas, and thence to New Orleans. If there are passen- 
gers from Habana for Spain the steamers return to Habana before sail- 
ing for Spain; otherwise they sail from New Orleans direct for Spain. 
169a— 05 17 



CHAPTER XIII. 

INMIGRATION. 



^ LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 

Immigration is one of the most necessar}'' elements for the industrial 
development of Cuba. President Palma in a recent message said: 

All the pecuniary sacrifices which the Government might make during a period of 
years under a well-studied plan to promote and assure immigration by families would 
be very productive to the nation and of great influence for the country, both socially 
and morally. This matter is, therefore, one that by notorious importance deserves 
immediate action so as to commence its realization without loss of time. 

A law is being framed in accordance with these views, and very soon 
this matter will receive the attention which it deserves when the fact 
is considered that the population of the island does not reach 1,700,000 
and it is able to bear 12,000,000. The following quotation from Mr. 
Victor Clark as to the labor conditions of Cuba in 1902 are pertinent to 
the question: 

The real labor supply of Cuba, therefore, is inadequate to the needs of the island. 
It does not permit the exploitation of resources already in sight; much less does it 
afford a social motive for developing new industries. The intelligent people of the 
island appreciate this condition. They have tried to remedy it by encouraging the 
importation of labor from abroad. Now that their national aspirations appear to be 
realized, they desire that this labor shall be composed, so far as possible, of perma- 
nent settlers, who will become identified with Cuban sentiments and interests and 
raise the prevailing standard of intelligence and citizenship. 

Tradition and both social and economic ties point to Spain to supply this demand. 
During the three years ending December 31, 1901, the total immigration into Cuba 
was 69,420, of whom 54,410 were Spaniards, 1,926 were Chinese, and 13,084 came from 
other countries. Ninety-eight per cent of the third-class immigrants are said to be 
Spaniards. During the year 1901 the passengers of this class entering the island 
numbered 16,091. This immigration, however, does not represent an equal increase 
in the permanent population of Cuba, for many Galicians and Canary Islanders come 
over each year for the harvest season and return to Spain as soon as the crop is 
gathered. Their passage both ways costs about $40, and their net savings from a 
season's work are in general slightly more than this sum. These workmen find 
employment principally in the tobacco districts. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



259 



Statistics for the year 1901 show that 22,894 immigrants entered the island, of 
whom 17,330 were Spaniards, 756 Chinese, 781 Porto Ricans, and 650 Americans. 
Among these there were 10,556 laborers, 2,374 mechanics, and 1,468 farmers. Of 
the Spaniards alone, 14,808 were males and 2,522 females, 12,477 were not married, 
6,363 were illiterate, and 5,577 had been in Cuba before; 10,336 had each less than 
$30 in their possession upon entering the island. 

Of the Spanish immigrants, the Galicians are the most numerous and, as a rule, 
find employment as common laborers. Next in number are the Asturians, who 
usually enter clerical service. Most of the Canary Islanders become field laborers 
and small renters, though some find their way into mercantile pursuits. The Cata- 
lans generally are skilled workmen and engage in mechanical employments. 

About two-thirds of the total immigration is absorbed by the rural districts, and 
nearly 30 per cent remains in Habana. Many of the latter class come to take posi- 
tions already assured them by family connections or because of business relations 
existing between commercial houses in Habana and Spain. Besides labor going to 
the mining districts, several thousand immigrants have found employment in east- 
ern Cuba during the past,year upon the construction crews of the Central Railway. 

There is an official bureau of immigration at Habana which receives, inspects, and 
quarantines all third-class immigrants. Those who come to the island for the first 
time are given board and lodging by the Government for 20 cents a day until they 
find employment. Employers are required to give security that they will furnish 
necessary medical attendance and care to employees received through the bureau, so 
that in case of illness the latter may not again become a charge upon the public 
authorities. Special care is also taken of minors. The general policy of the Govern- 
ment is to encourage and facilitate white immigration, especially of families and those 
likely to remain as permanent residents of the island. 

Immigration usually enters Cuba at Habana, and several causes have combined to 
make that city a more congested labor market than other parts of the island. There 
has been no railway or other convenient land communication with, the half of Cuba 
that lies east of Santa Clara, and passage on the coast steamers is exceedingly costly. 
Eastern Cuba is less developed than western Cuba. There is reported to be a greater 
prejudice against Spaniards and other immigrants in that part of the island. The 
cultivation and manufacture of tobacco is centered in the territory tributary to 
Habana, and with its dependent industries affords the most immediate and conven- 
ient source of cash income to new arrivals. Finally, the Spanish interests and their 
various social and benefit societies have their headquarters at Habana. 

The following table shows the number of immigrants of both sexes by countries 
during 1902-3: 



Nationality. 


1902. 


1903. 


Nationality. 


1902. 


1903. 


Spaniards 


8,877 
1,063 
38S 
232 
222 
171 
145 


14, 691 
1,281 
320 
115 
267 
172 
18 


Mexicans 


127 
121 

84 
555 


149 






150 






92 


Syrians 


Other countries 


799 




Total 






11,986 


18, 054 


Chinese 











The immigrants under 14 years of age numbered 2,523; between the ages of 14 
and 45, 8,809; 45 years or over, 654. Married immigrants numbered 3,377, and 
8,609 were single. 



260 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



PASSENGERS. 



A statement of passengers who arrived in and sailed from the different ports of 
Cuba during the period from May 20 to December 31, 1902, is as follows: 

Arrivals and departures, by countries. 







Arrivals. 


Departures. 


Country. 


Males. 


Fe- 
males. 


Chil- 
dren. 


Total. 


Males. 


Fe- 
males. 


Chil- 
dren. 


Total. 




5,948 

90 

5 

8 

12 

13 

51 

12 

187 

707 

186 

246 

32 


1,920 

22 


947 
19 


8,815 
131 
5 
22 
21 
24 
81 
20 
354 
996 
304 
431 
45 


6,388 . 
88 


1,794 
18 


948 
17 


9 130 


South America 


123 






BritislT West Indies 


7 

9 

6 

21 

5 

N 105 

197 

69 

93 

9 


7 

5' 

9 
3 
62 
92 
49 
92 
4 


3 

9 

36 

38 

8 

281 

3,203 

. 239 

142 

13 

1 

5, 022 

29 

1 

56 

91 


2 

17 
7 
3 

78 
646 

54 

32 
1 


5 

ie' 

2 
9 
20 
336 
43 
20 


8 




11 




69 


Haiti . . 


47 




20 




379 




4, 185 
336 






194 




14 


Austria 


1 












1 

665 
23 


'"'465' 


2 


Spain and Canary Islands '. 


5, 459 

77 


1,207 
28 


1,668 
18 


8,334 
123 


6, 152 
64 


Greece 




1 


England 


38 
60 
2 


9 

4 


7 
4 


54 
68 


14 

7 


3 
3 


73 


Italy 


37 




2 ! 1 


1 


Sweden and Norway 








1 






1 


Switzerland. 


1 






1 








China 






3 






3 


















Total 


13, 134 


3,711 


2,986 


19,831 


15,590 


3,362 


1,899 


20, 851 





Arrivals and departures by ports. 





Arrivals. 


Departures. 


Port. 


Males. 


Fe- 
males. 


Chil- 
dren. 


Total. 


Males. 


Fe- 
males. 


Chil- 
dren. 


Total. 


Baracoa 


29 

1 

15 

14 

230 

15 

80 

11,303 

26 

99 

178 

1,141 

3 


14 
1 
4 
7 

35 

3 

30 

3,097 

23 

44 

85 

367 

1 


16 

5 

7 

1 

7 

7 

31 

2,564 

16 

36 

32 

264 


59 

7 

26 

22 

272 

25 

141 

16,964 

65 

179 

295 

1,772 

4 


14 


3 


4 


21 


Batabano 




Caibarien 










Cardenas 










Cienf uegos 


94 


14 


2 


110 


Guantanamo 




Gibara 


17 

13,890 

8 

164 

96 

1,307 


8 

2,980 

1 

68 

24 

264 


18 

1,708 

2 

13 

13 

139 


43 




18, 578 
11 


ManzaniDo . . 


Matanzas 


245 


Nuevitas 

Santiago 


133 
1,710 


Tunas 














Total 


13, 134 


3,711 


2,986 


19, 831 


15, 590 


3,362 


1,899 


20, 851 





During the year of 1904 there disembarked in Habana the follow- 
ing number of persons, which is triple that of 1903: 

Residents 11, 507 

Tourists and transients 12, 979 

Immigrants 25, 334 

Total 51,820 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 261 

The wages in 1903, in Spanish gold, for a day of ten hours, were as 
follows : 

Bookbinders $1.50 to 12.00 

Carpenters 2.50 to 3.50 

Laborers 1.25 

Masons 2.00 to 2.50 

Mechanics 2.00 to 3.00 

Painters 2.00 

Printers 2.00 to 2.50 

Shoemakers 1.00 to 2.00 

Tinsmiths 1.00 to 1.50 

In addition thereto the wages paid on plantations are as follows. 
The amounts given are the rates per month, and include maintenance. 

Cartmen, plowmen, and field guards f 30 

Cane cutters and cane loaders 25 

Cane lifters 23 

Teamsters , 15 

The following military order of May 15, 1902, of the American 
government of intervention, constitute the laws about the subject: 

LAWS REGULATING IMMIGRATION. 

Section I. All idiots, insane persons, paupers, or persons likely to become a public 
charge; persons suffering from a loathsome or dangerous and contagious disease; 
persons who have been convicted of a felony or other infamous crime or misdemeanor 
involving moral turpitude; polygamists, or persons who are undergoing a sentence 
for conviction in their own country of felonious crimes other than political or grow- 
ing out of, or the result of, such political offenses, or whose sentence has been 
remitted on condition of their migration ; and also any person whose ticket or passage 
is paid for with the money of another or who is assisted by others to come, unless it 
is affirmatively and satisfactorily shown on special inquiry that such person does not 
belong to one of the foregoing excluded classes or to the class of contract laborers 
described in the following sections, are excluded from admission into Cuba, and 
upon arrival shall be sent back to the nations to which they belong and from whence 
they came. Nothing under this paragraph shall be construed to apply to or exclude 
any person convicted of a political offense, notwithstanding said political offense may 
be designated as a felony, crime, infamous crime, or misdemeanor involving moral 
turpitude by the laws of the land whence he came or by the court convicting him, 
and in case that the secretary of finance shall be satisfied that an immigrant has been 
allowed to land contrary to the prohibitions set forth in this law, he is authorized'to 
cause such immigrant, within the period of one year after landing or entry, to be 
taken into custody and returned to the country from whence he came at the expense 
of the owner of the importing vessel. 

The importation into Cuba of women for the purpose of prostitution is forbidden, 
and all contracts and agreements in relation thereto made in advance or in pursu- 
ance of such illegal importation and purposes are hereby declared void, and whoever 
shall knowingly and willfully import or cause an importation of women into Cuba 
for the purpose of prostitution, or shall knowingly or willfully hold or attempt to 
hold anj^ woman to such purposes in pursuance of such illegal importation and con- 
tract or agreement, shall be deemed guilty of a felony and on conviction thereof shall 
be imprisoned not exceeding five years and pay a fine not exceeding $5,000. 



262 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Sec. II. Every vessel arriving in Cuba may be inspected under the direction of the 
collector of the port at whiclr it arrives, if he shall have reason to believe that any 
such obnoxious persons as hereinbefore referred to are on board, and the officer 
making such inspection shall certify the result thereof to the master or other person 
in charge of such vessel, designating in such certificate the person or persons, if any 
there be, ascertained by him to be of either of the classes whose importation is for- 
bidden. Such person or persons shall not be permitted to land except in obedience 
to a judicial process issued pursuant to law. 

If any person shall feel aggrieved by the certificate of said inspecting officer' stat- 
ing him or her to be within either of the classes whose immigration is forbidden 
and shall apply for release or other remedy to a court of first instance, then it shall 
be the duty of the collector at said port of entry to detain said vessel until a hearing 
and determination of the matter before said court is had (to the end that if the said 
inspector shall be found to be in accordance with this section and sustained, the 
obnoxious person or persons shall be returned on board of said vessel and shall not 
thereafter be permitted to land), unless the master, owner, or consignee of the vessel 
shall give bond as security, to be approved by the said court hearing the cause, in 
the sum of $500 for each such person permitted to land, conditioned for the return 
of such person within six months from the date thereof to the country whence his or 
her immigration shall have taken place, if the inspector is sustained, or unless the 
vessel bringing such obnoxious person or persons shall be forfeited, in which event 
the proceeds of said forfeiture shall be paid over to the collector of the port of arrival 
and applied by him, as far as necessary, to the return of such person or persons to 
his or her own country, within the said period of six months. And for all violations 
of this law the vessel, by the acts, omissions, or connivance of the owner, master, 
or other custodian, or the consignees of which the same are committed, shall be 
liable to forfeiture and may be proceeded against as in cases of frauds against the 
revenue laws, for which forfeiture is prescribed by existing law. 

Sec. III. It shall be unlawful for any person, any partnership, or corporation in 
any manner whatsoever to prepay the transportation or in any waj^ assist or encoui'- 
age the importation or migration of any alien or aliens and any foreigner or for- 
eigners into Cuba under contract or agreement, parole or special, express or implied, 
made previous to the importation or immigration of such alien or alifens, foreigner or 
foreigners to perform labor or service of any kind in Cuba. 

Sec. IV. All contracts or agreements, express or implied, parole or special, which 
may hereafter be made by and between any persons, company, partnership, or cor- 
poration and any foreigner or foreigners, alien or aliens, to perform labor or service, 
or having reference to the performance of labor or service, by any person in Cuba 
previous to the immigration or importation of the person or persons whose labor or 
services is contracted for in Cuba shall be utterly void and of no effect for every vio- 
lation of any of the provisions involved. The person, partnership, company, or cor- 
poration violating the same by knowingly assisting, encouraging, or soliciting the 
immigration or importation of any alien or aliens, foreigner t)r foreigners, into Cuba 
to perform labor or service of any kind, under contract or agreement, express or 
implied, parole or special, with such alien or aliens, foreigner or foreigners, previous 
to becoming a resident or citizen of Cuba, shall forfeit and pay for every such offense 
the sum of $1,000, which may be sued for and recovered by Cuba or by any person 
who shall l»ring his action therefor, including any such alien or foreigner who may 
be a party to any such contract or agreement, as debts of like amount '\\-hich are now 
recovered in the courts of Cuba, the proceeds to be paid into the treasury of Cuba, 
and separate suits may be brought for each alien or each foreigner lieing a party to 
such contract or agreement as aforesaid, and it shall be the duty of the fiscal of the 
proper audiencia to prosecute everj' such suit at the expense of Cuba. 

The master of any vessel who shall knowingly bring into Cuba in such vessel, and 



^ HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 26B 

land, or permit to be landed, from any foreign port or place, any alien, laborer, 
mechanic, or artisarf who, previously to embarking on such vessel, had entered into 
a contract or agreement, parole or special, express or implied, to perform labor or 
service in Cuba, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof 
shall be punished by a fine of not more than |500 for each and every such alien, 
laborer, mechanic, or artisan so brought as aforesaid, and may also be imprisoned 
for a term of not exceeding six months. 

Sec. V. Nothing in the foregoing provisions shall be so considered as to prevent 
any citizen or subject of any foreign country, temporarily residing in Cuba, either in 
private or official capacity, from engaging under contract or otherwise persons not 
residents or citizens of Cuba to act as private secretaries, servants or domestics, for 
such foreigner temporarily residing in Cuba as aforesaid; nor to ministers of any 
religious denomination, nor to persons belonging to any recognized profession, nor 
to professors for colleges and seminaries; nor shall these provisions be so construed 
as to prevent any person or persons, partnership or corporation from engaging under 
contract or agreement, skilled workmen in foreign countries, to perform labor in 
Cuba, in or upon any new industry not at present established in Cuba, provided that 
skilled labor for that purpose can not be otherwise obtained; nor shall the provisions 
of these paragraphs apply to professional actors, lecturers, or singers, nor to persons 
employed strictly as personal or domestic servants, provided that nothing in these 
paragraphs shall be construed as prohibiting any individual from assisting any mem- 
ber of his family from any foreign country to Cuba for the purposes of setttlement. 

Sec. VI. It shall be deemed a violation of the foregoing paragraphs to assist or 
encourage the importation or migration of any alien by promise of eiiiployment 
through advertisements printed and published in any foreign country; and any alien 
coming to this country in consequence of such advertisement shall be treated as com- 
ing under contract as provided for in the foregoing paragraphs. 

No steamship or "transportation company or owners of vessels shall directly or 
through agents, either by writing, printing, or representation, solicit, notify or 
encourage the immigration of any alien into Cuba except by ordinary commercial 
letters, circulars, advertisements, or representations stating the sailings of their vessels 
and the terms and facilities of transportation therein; and for the violation of 
this provision any such steamship or transportation company and any such owners 
of vessels and the agents by them employed shall be subjected to the penalties 
imposed in paragraph second. Section IV of this law. 

Sec. VII. None of the foregoing paragraphs shall apply to Chinese persons, the 
immigration of whom is prohibited, and during such prohibition it shall not be 
lawful for any Chinese laborer to come from any foreign port or place to Cuba. 
m The master of any vessel who shall knowingly bring to Cuba on such vessel, and 
land, or attempt to land, or permit to be landed, any Chinese laborer, meaning both 
skilled and unskilled, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof 
shall be punished by a fine of not more than $500 for each and every such Chinese 
laborer so brought into Cuba, and may also be imprisoned for a term not exceeding, 
one year. 

Any Chinese person found unlawfully within Cuba shall be caused to be removed 
therefrom to the country whence he came, and at the cost of Cuba, after being 
brought before some judicial officer or tribunal in Cuba and found to be one not law- 
fully entitled to be or to remain in Cuba; and in all such cases the person who 
brought or aided in bringing such person to Cuba shall be liable to the Government 
of Cuba for all necessary expenses incurred in such investigation and removal, and 
Cuba shall pay all costs and charges for the maintenance and return of any Chinese 
persons having the certificate prescribed by law as entitling such Chinese person to 
come into Cuba who may not have been permitted to land from any vessel by reason 
of any of the foregoing provisions. 



264 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Sec. VIII. The prohilaition of importation of Chinese shall apply to all subjects 
of China and Chinese, but shall not apply to diplomatic officers of the Chinese Gov- 
ernment or other governments traveling upon the business of their government, 
whose credentials shall be taken as an equivalent to a certificate which will be 
required of merchants or other persons traveling for pleasure or business, and set- 
ting forth such facts, as well as the character and estimated value of the business and 
a description of said merchant or person. The secretaries, the body and household 
servants of diplomatic officers of the Chinese Government or other government, trav- 
eling upon the business of their Government, and Chinese laborers and merchants 
who were in Cuba on April 14, 1899, and have since then continued to be residents 
thereof, who may now reside therein or abroad and are able to establish their iden- 
tity, are also exempted from the provisions applying to other Chinese persons. 

IMMIGRATION REGUL.^TIONS FOR THE ISLAND OF CUBA. 

Section I. The department of immigration of the island of Cuba shall be under 
the charge of the department of finance, which is hereby charged with the duty of 
executing and causing to be executed the provisions of the immigration laws and regu- 
lations, and with supervision over the affairs of immigration of the island of Cuba. 

The secretary of finance shall establish such regulations and rules and issue from 
time to time such instructions, not inconsistent with the laws in force, as he shall 
deem best directed to protecting the island of Cuba and immigrants into the island 
of Cuba from fraud and loss, and for carrying out the provisions of the immigration 
laws of the island of Cuba; -and he shall prescribe all forms of bonds, entries, and 
other papers to be used under and in the enforcement of the various provisions of 
the said laws. 

Sec. II. Collectors of customs will collect a duty of $1 for each and every passenger 
who shall come by steam or sail vessel, from any foreign port to any port of Cuba, 
except citizens of the United States and residents or natives of said island of Cuba. 
The said duty shall be paid to the collector of customs of the port to which such 
passenger shall come, or if there be no collector at such port, then to the collector of 
customs nearest thereto, by the master, owner, agent, or consignee of every such 
vessel within twenty-four hours after the entry thereof into such port. The duty of 
$1 imposed in this article shall be a lien upon the vessels which shall bring such 
passengers into Cuba, and shall be a debt in favor of Cuba against the owner or 
owners of such vessels, and the payment of such duty may be enforced by any legal 
or equitable remedy. 

Sec. III. All such moneys collected must be deposited and accounted for as pre- 
scribed for customs collections in the customs regulations for ports in Cuba. 

Sec. IV. Collectors of customs are charged, within their respective districts, with 
the execution of the laws pertaining to immigration, and all importation of laborers 
under contract or agreement to perform labor in Cuba. They will employ all cus- 
toms immigration, and other officers assigned to them for duty, in the enforcement 
of the immigration acts; and all such officers are hereby designated and authorized 
to act as immigration officers. 

Sec. V. Whenever it shall be necessary, in making the examination of immigrants, 
to temporarily remove them from the vessel upon which they arrive to a desirable 
place provided for the examination, such immigrants shall not be regarded as landed 
so long as they are undergoing the examination and are in charge of the officers 
whose duty it is to make such examination; and such removal shall not be con- 
sidered a landing during the pendency of any question relating to such examination, 
or while awaiting their return as provided by law. 

Sec. VI. The collectors of customs shall enter of record the name of every immi- 
grant found upon examination to be within either of the prohibited classes, with a 
statement of the decision in each case, and at the same time give notice in writing to 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 265 

the master, agent, consignee, ()r owner of the vessel upon which said immigrant 
arrived, together with the grounds of refusal to land such immigrant, that said vessel 
is required to return such immigrant to the port whence he came. 

Sec. VII. The regular examination of immigrants under the special inquiry 
required by these regulations will be separate from the public; but any immigrant 
who is refused permission to land, or pending an appeal in his case, will be permitted 
to confer with friends or counsel in such manner as the collector of customs may 
deem proper. 

Sec. VIII. Any immigrant claiming to be aggrieved by the decision of the inspec- 
tion oflficers may appeal therefrom, and such appeal shall stay his deportation until 
decision be had thereon. Such appeal shall be in writing, and shall specify the 
grounds of appeal, and shall be presented to the . collector of customs, who shall at 
once forward such appeal to the collector of customs for the island, with all the evi- 
dence in the case and his views thereon. 

Any inspector dissenting from a decision to admit an immigrant may appeal there- 
from, which appeal shall be in writing and specify the grounds thereof, and shall 
be forwarded by the collector of customs to the collector of customs for the island, in 
like manner as in cases of an appeal by an immigrant. 

Sec. IX. Upon a decision of the appeal the immigrant shall be at once landed or 
deported in accordance with such decision, and, in case landing is refused, the 
master, agent, consignee, or owner of the vessel by which the immigrant arrived 
shall be notified of such decision by the collector of customs, and that the immigrant 
will be placed on board said vessel, to be returned as aforesaid. 

Sec. X. The expenses of keeping and maintenance of such immigrants as are 
ordered to be returned pending the decision on their right to land and the subsequent 
expenses for the keeping and maintenance of those ordered to be returned, and the 
expense of their return, shall be borne by the owner or owners of the vessel on 
which they came.. 

Sec. XI. At least twenty-four hours before the sailing of the vessel upon which 
the immigrants are ordered to be returned the master, agent, consignee, or owner 
of such vessel shall notify the collector of customs of the proposed hour of sailing, 
who shall, immediately preceding the sailing, place on board all immigrants to be 
returned by said vessel as aforesaid, and in case any master, agent, consignee, or 
owner of such vessel shall refuse to receive such immigrants on board, or shall neglect 
to retain them thereon, or shall refuse or neglect to return them to the port from 
which they came, or to pay the cost of their maintenance while on land, such master, 
agent, consignee, or owner shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be 
punished by a fine of not less than $300 for each and every offense, and any such 
vessel shall not have clearance from any port of Cuba while any such fine is unpaid. 

Sec. XII. No vessel bringing immigrants in the steerage, or in apartments other 
than the first and second cabins, from ports where contagious or infectious diseases 
are prevailing, shall be admitted to entry, unless it appear by the certificate of the 
consular officer at such port that the said immigrants have been detained at the port 
of embarkation at least five days under special medical observation in specially 
designated barracks or houses set apart for their exclusive use, and that their cloth- 
ing, baggage, and personal effects have been disinfected, before being placed on 
board, by one of the following methods: 

(o) Boiling in water not less than thirty minutes. 

{b) Exposure to steam not less than thirty minutes, the steam to be of a tempera- 
ture not less than 100° C. (212° F. ), nor greater than 115° C. (230° F. ), and unmixed 
with air. 

(c) Solution of carbolic acid of a 2 per cent strength. This method {c) may be 
applied only to leather goods, such as trunks, satchels, boots, shoes; to rubber goods, 
etc. , the articles to be saturated with the solution. 



266 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

(d) Articles that would be destroyed or injured when subjected to any of the 
above methods may be disinfected by immersion in a solution of bichloride of mer- 
cury, 1 part in 2,000, until all j)arts are thoroughly saturated, due precaution being 
taken against mercurial poisoning. 

The above restrictions will also be applied to vessels bringing immigrants from 
noninfected ports but who come from infected localities. 

Sec. XIII. There shall be delivered to the collector of customs at the port of 
arrival, by the master or commanding officer of the vessel, lists or manifests, made 
at the time and place of embarkation of such immigrants, which shall, in answer to 
questions at the top of said lists or manifests, state as to each of said passengers: 

(a) Full name. 

{b) Age. 

(o) Sex. 

(d) Whether married or single. 

(e) Calling or occupation. 

(/) Whether able to read or write. 

( g) Nationality. 

{h) Last residence. 

( i ) Seaport for landing in Cuba. 

( j) Final destination in Cuba. 

(k) Whether having a ticket through to such final destination. 

(?) Whether the immigrant has paid his own passage or whether it has been paid 
by other persons or by any corporation, society, municipality, or govermnent. 

{my Whether in possession of money; and if so, whether upward of |30 and how 
much, if $30 or less. 

(n) Whether going to join a relative; and if so, what relative, and his name and 
address. 

(o) Whether ever before in Cuba; and if so, when and where. 

(p) Whether ever in prison or almshouse or supported by charity. 

(q) Whether a polygamist. 

(r) Whether under a contract, expressed or implied, to perform labor in Cuba. 

(s) The immigrant's condition of health, mentally and physically, and whether 
deformed or crippled; and if so, from what cause. 

Sec. XIV. Said immigrants shall be listed in convenient groups and no one list or 
manifest shall contain more than thirty names. There shall be delivered to each 
immigrant or head of the family, prior to or at the time of embarkation, or at some 
convenient time on the voyage before arrival as may be found most convenient, a 
ticket on which shall be written his name and a number or letter designating the list 
and his number on the list, for convenience of identification on arrival. Each list or 
manifest shall be verified by the signature and the oath or affirmation of the master 
or commanding officer, or of the officer, first or second, below him in command, and 
of the surgeon of said vessel or other medical officer; therefore the above affidavits 
must be attached to each list or manifest, which lists or manifests must be kept 
separate and not fastened together. 

In case there is a surgeon sailing with the vessel, that officer must sign and verify 
each list or manifest and the verification by another surgeon will not be in compli- 
ance with the law. 

Sec. XV. In case of the failure of said master or commanding officer of said vessel 
to deliver to the said collector of customs lists. or manifests, verified as aforesaid, 
containing the information above required as to all immigrants on board, there shall 
be paid to the collector of customs at the port of arrival the sum of ten dollai'S, for 
each immigrant qualified to enter Cuba, concerning whom the above information is 
not contained in any list as aforesaid, or said iimnigrant shall not be permitted so to 
enter Cuba, but shall ))e returned like other excluded persons. 

Leonard Wood, Military Governor. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN CUBA— LAWS AND REGULATIONS- 
SCHOOL SYSTEMS IN THE REPUBLIC, ETC. 



Education in Spain, as elsewhere in Europe before the nineteenth 
century, was confined almost exclusivel}'^ to the children of those who 
could pay for it, public and free schools being but very little known. 
In Cuba, as in all the other Spanish possessions, public instruction was 
practically ignored. 

Mr, Robert L. Packard, in his luminous report to the Commis- 
sioner of Education of the United States, says: 

Even ill Habana, up to the beginning of the last century, there were no public 
elementary schools, and the need of them became so evident that by the munificence 
of a citizen (Garab'allo), the Bethlehemite fathers opened a school where reading, 
writing, and arithmetic were taught, which was attended by 200 pupils. In Villa 
Clara a school was in existence since the foundation of the town in 1689. In 1712 
the philanthropic Don Juan Conyedo, of Eemedios, opened a free school there, and 
another, in 1757, at Carmen. Another was opened at Arriaga in 1759, but on the 
death of Conyedo these schools were closed. Don Juan Felix de Moya reopened 
that at Carmen, and the municipality, in 1775, voted $25 a year for the support of 
the other; but both ceased to operate definitely in 1787. In 1771 Matanzas, seventy- 
eight years after its foundation, authorized its governor to engage a school-teacher in 
Habana. Ventosa, a philanthropist, bequeathed several butcher shops to the muni- 
cipality to defray, with their products, the expenses for a public school for boys. 

Nor were secondary studies of a high character in the last century. Then, and 
subsequently, too, as the historian Bachiller, quoted by Mitjans, remarks, more 
attention was paid to the pretentious form than the substance, and the title of 
academy or institute was given to institutions which were hardly more than primary 
schools, which held out inducements of a speedy preparation for the university. At 
that time, it should be remembered, the natural sciences had not reached the 
importance they subsequently attained, and the study of philosophy required the 
royal permission, so that secondary instruction was reduced to a superficial study of 
the humanities, especially Latin, which occupied the leading place on account of its 
use in fitting for the university and because teachers of Latin were easily found 
Smong the clergy, who were the principal factors of education at that period. All 
this may be said without detracting from the pi-aise worth j^ efforts and antiquity of 
some institutions like the Chapter of Habana, which in 1603, convinced of the need 
of a teacher of grammar, voted 100 ducats for the support of one who should teach 
Latin ; but as the plan did not meet with the royal approbation they were obliged 

267 



268 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

to drop the project, only to revive it afterwards with a larget salary. In the same 
year the municipality provided for continuing classes in grammar by a monk of the 
convent, which had been suspended. In 1607 Bishop Juan de las Cabezas Altamirano 
founded the Tridentine Seminary, the citizens offering to pay part of the expenses 
annually. The secular clergy also gave lessons in Latin and morals, as Conyedo did, 
who prepared students for the priesthood in Villa Clara, and later, Father Antonio 
Perez de Corcho, who gave lectures in philosophy in the monastery of his order. 
By the bull of Adrian VI of April 28, 1522, the Scholatria was established at Santiago 
de Cuba for giving instruction in Latin, and by his will, dated May 15, 1571, Capt. 
Francisco de Paradas left a considerable sum for the foundation of a school in 
Bayamo, which in 1720 was intrusted to the charge of two monks of Santo Domingo, 
in whose hands the estate increased. In 1689 the College of San Ambrosio was 
established in Habana with 12 scholarships for the purpose of preparing young men 
for the church, but it did not fulfill its purpose, and subsequently received the severe 
censure of Bishop Hechavarria Yelgueza on account of its defective education, which 
had become reduced to Latin and singing. Father Jose Maria Peflalver opened a 
chair of eloquence and literature in the Convent of J^a Merced in 1788, which also 
was not a success. 

After these attempts the foundation of a Jesuit college in Habana gave a new 
impulse to education. From the first, according to the historian Arriete, quoted by 
Mitjans, the priests of this order had observed the inclination of the inhabitants of 
Habana toward education, and Pezuela states in his History of Cuba that the 
municipality in 1656 wished to establish a college of the order, but the differences 
between the Jesuits and the prelates in the other colonies had been so frequent that 
the bishops and priests in Habana opposed the plan. But as the population 
increased, the demands for the college multiplied, and in 1717 a citizen of Habana, 
Don Gregorio Diaz Angel, contributed |40,000 in funds for the support of the college. 
The necessary license was obtained in 1721; three more years were spent in selecting 
and purchasing the ground, when the institution was opened under the name of the 
College of San Ignacio. The old college of San Ambrosio, which had been under 
the direction of the Jesuits since its establishment in 1689, was then united with it, 
although the old college still retained its distinctive character as a foundation school 
for the church. 

As early as 1688 the ayuntamiento (or city council) of Habana applied to the 
Royal Government to establish a university in the city in order that young men 
desirous of study might not -be compelled to go to the mainland or Spain. This 
request was furthered by Bishop Valdes, and finally, by a letter of Innocent XIII 
of September 12, 1721, the fathers of the Convent of San Juan de Letran were author- 
ized to found the institution desired, and after some years of preparation it was 
opened in 1728, but the chairs of moral philosophy and canon law were filled pre- 
viously by the Dominicans even before the funds were available. The university, 
by the order received, was to have been modeled upon that of Santo Domingo, but 
finally the task of preparing the regulations for the new university was intrusted 
to the fathers above mentioned by a royal letter in 1732, and they were approved 
by the university authorities, the captain-general, and, in Spain, by the council of 
the Indies on June 27, 1734. The rectors, vice-rectors, counselors, and secretaries 
were to be Dominicans, a condition that produced innumerable rivalries and 
dispvites until 1842. The first professors were appointed to their positions without 
limit of time. Afterwards they obtained their places by competition and for a ter^i 
of six years only. 

The first rector, Father Tomas de Linares, was appointed by the King in 1728, but 
his successors were elected by the university authorities and were renewed annually. 
Among the early rectors were Bishop Morell, of Santa Cruz, and the renowned 
Cuban orator, Rafael del Castillo. Unfortunately for a century the university was 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 269 

an insignificant element of culture and was only useful as a subject of boasting on 
the part of Spain that she had introduced her civilization on this side of the water, 
and on that of the Cubans that they were advancing in sciences and arts. Several 
causes tended to restrict the value of the university. In the first place, it was mod- 
eled on a sixteenth-century pattern. The Aristotelian system prevailed in its entirety. 
The professor of mathematics 'was to teach besides practical arithmetic, which con- 
sisted of the first four, rules with the algebra, elementary geometry, trigonometry, and 
astronomy and its "deductions for the use of our Lord and King." There were 
polemical and civil architecture, geography, the sphere, mechanics, optics, etc. 
These subjects should have been included in the course of philosophy, and there 
were few students even of the four rules and the aurea. The philosophical system 
was the scholastic, with its eternal sumulas and involved system of logic and its 
defective ideas of physics. The course lasted three years, the first two of which were 
occupied with logic and the Aristotelian philosophy. But the university would not 
have benefited much more if it had been modeled upon a Spanish university of the 
eighteenth century, because the mother country was on the low scientific level to 
which the deadly politics of the Austrians had reduced her. 

"When Charles III urged the rectors of universities in Spain to reform education he 
was told it was impossible to depart from the Aristotelian system or follow- the inno- 
vations of Galileo and Newton, because they were not in accord with inviolable tra- 
dition. Furthermore, it was not always possible to find suitable teachers in Cuba. 
For this reason the chair of mathematics was vacant for a long time. Sometimes the 
Government refused to adopt very useful ideas' on behalf of the university, either by 
negligence or ignorance, or for economical reasons. Thus the rector in 1761 peti- 
tioned for the erection of a chair of experimental physics, which was refused, and 
two of mathematics, only one of which was granted. A new plan of study was 
drawn up in view of the pressing need of reform, but was allowed to lie unnoticed. 
In 1795 Don Jose Ajigustin Caballero made an address in the section of sciences and 
arts of the Sociedad Economica, in which he deplored the backward condition of 
education, which, he said, retarded and embarrassed the progress of the arts and 
sciences, without, however, any fault on the part of the teachers, who could only 
obey and execute their instructions. On motion of Senor Caballero, a representation 
was made to the King by 'a committee of the society, of the necessity of reforming in 
the island, beginning with the university. The committee declared, among other 
things, that no mathematics was taught, nor chemistry, nor practical anatomy. Gen- 
eral Las Casas supported this motion, but the Government took no action. The same 
indifference, or worse, was manifested by the Spanish Government in other parts of 
America. It refused to permit the foundation of academies, or universities, or chairs of 
mathematics, law, or pilot schools (the latter being purely luxuries, the decree said). 
The cacique, Don Juan Cirillo de Castilla, endeavored during thirty years to obtain 
permission to establish a college for Indians in his native country, but died finally in 
Madrid without obtaining it. The archibishop of Guatemala left money by his will 
for establishing a chair of moral philosophy, but the minister directed the money to 
be sent to Spain, it having been improperly devised, as he declared. Charles IV pro- 
hibited the estabhshment of the University of Mei-ida in Maracaibo, on the ground 
that he did not deem it expedient that enlightenment should become general in 
America. There were other instances of the same policy in Chile and Peru; and yet, 
notwithstanding all these restrictions, Humboldt observed "a great intellectual 
movement and a youth endowed with a fair faculty for learning the sciences — a sure 
sign of the political and moral revolution that was in preparation." 

In Santiago de Cuba the seminary of San Basilio Magno was founded by Bishop 
Francisco Geronimo Valdes in 1772, for ecclesiastical studies, with an endowment of 
12,000 pesos. This establishment, however, did not come into operation until the 
latter part of the last century. More important -was the foundation of the college 



270 HANDBOOK OP CUBA. 

and seminary of San Carlos and San Ambrosio in Habana in 1773, which was not 
destined exckisively for the education of ecclesiastics, but included three courses of 
philosophy and letters preparatory to, and, besides, the higher faculties of theology, 
law, and mathematics, the last two of which, however, were not opened until the 
beginning of the present century. 

******* 

The second epoch in the intellectual history of Cuba began with the administra- 
tion of Don Luis de las Casas, whose name is held in grateful remembrance by 
Cubans, and who inaugurated a new era by his zealous and noble enthusiasm in pro- 
moting intellectual and educational activity. He founded the first literary periodical 
and the Sooiedad Economica (sometimes called Patriotica) de la Habana, which has 
been the first mover in all the advances in the material interests and education of 
the island. With him cooperated an eminent physician, Doctor Romay; Arango, 
the distinguished writer on economics; Caballero; Penalver, archbishop of Guate- 
mala, and many others. The Sociedad Economica was charged by a royal order 
with the care of education in Cxiba. An inventory was taken of the primary schools 
in 1793, and a deplorable state of affairs was found. In Habana there were only 39 
schools, 32 of which were for girls, and the instruction was the worst, nothing l^ut 
reading being taught in many of them, which were in charge of colored women. 
The society then founded two free schools for the poor of both sexes. The society 
met with much opposition, in part from Bishop Trespalacios, who was enviou^ of Las 
Casas, but it succeeded in founding schools with the help of the religious orders, par- 
ticularly the school of the Beneficencia, in 1799, and the Ursulines, in 1803. It 
endeavored to establish members of the order of San Sulpicio, which had met with 
such success with education in New Orleans, but without result. Outside the capital 
gratuitous instruction for the people did not exist, except in isolated cases due to 
individual efforts, principally of the clergy. 

In 1801 the Sociedad took another school census, and found the number of schools 
in the city to be 71, with 2,000 pupils, most of which were not under the Govern- 
ment, and were taught by ignorant colored women, who had neither method nor 
order. Recognizing these fatal defects, the society endeavored to induce the Govern- 
ment to issue regulations reforming the schools and providing faithful, competent, 
and interested teachers, but without result. In 1816 the- section of education was 
formed and the Government granted 132,000 for primary instruction, and at this time 
some improvements in the condition of this branch were made: But notwithstand- 
ing the efforts of individuals, the funds were insufficient for the growing needs, and 
some of the new schools had only an ephemeral existence. 

The society also devoted its energies to opening new branches of study in higher 
education. In 1793 it was proposed to found a chair of chemistry, and a subscription 
of $24,615 was immediately raised; but, owing to the difficulty of finding a professor 
in Europe, the chair was not filled until 1819. The apparatus were brought from 
Europe, and after some delay quarters for a laboratory were found in the hospital of 
San Ambrosio. The first professor was Don Jose Tasso. 

The society in 1794, formed a plan of secondary instruction, which included 
mathematics,, drawing, physics, chemistry, natural history, botany, and anatomy. 
(The date and scope of this plan are noteworthy. Its spirit is quite modern.) The 
creation of a botanic garden was proposed in 1795, but the plan did not meet with 
such enthusiasm as the chemical laboratory, which, it was hoped, might be of use 
to the sugar industry. The course of anatomy was opened in 1797. In this same 
year a real revolution took place in the instruction in philosophy at the Colegio Sem- 
inario de San Carlos, the old Aristotelian philosophy becoming replaced by modern 
methods in the lectures on logic of Caballero. But in 1811, when Felix Varela took 
the chair of philosophy, the old system received its deathblow, the names of modern 
thinkers became familiar in the schools, ^nd their doctrines were freely examined. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 271 

The students were taught to use their reason as a guide and to ignore all the useless 
quibbles and confused terminology of the scholastic philosophy. One of his pupils, 
afterwards well known in Cuba, Don Jose de la T^uz Cabellero, said of his teacher: 
" He Avas the first who taught us to think." He also used Spanish instead of Latin 
in his lectures, retaining the latter only one day in the week in order that its use 
might not be forgotten. Part of his Institutions of Eclectic Philosophy were pub- 
lished in Spanish. In physics Varela was also an esteemed professor, but later on 
this chair at the college was filled by Jose Antonio Saco,^who followed in brilliant 
lectures, day by day, the most recent discoveries made in Europe. The Govern- 
ment, having ordered, in 1813, that political economy should be taught in the uni- 
vesities, the Sociedad Economica established a chair of this subject in San Carlos in 
1818, which was supported by voluntary subscriptions. The new spirit was shown 
further by a change in the law course from an excessive devotion to the study of the 
Eoman digests to the fuller study of the Spanish law. At this period medicine, 
which, as we shall see, received such preeminent attention at a later period, was far 
behind the age. Until 1824 there was no chair of surgery, and chemistry and phi- 
losophy were twenty years behind the times. The promoters of superior instruction 
in the beginning of the new epoch, which Mitjans puts between 1790 and 1820, were 
Las Casas, Bishop Espada, and the intendent Ramirez, who was mainly instrumental 
in organizing the instruction in chemistry and other scientific branches, with the 
constant cooperation of the Sociedad Economica. 

In the second period of the new epoch — from 1820 to 1842 — the Sociedad Econo- 
mica, always in the vanguard of the intellectual movement, Ibegan to gather the fruits 
of its earlier efforts in the works of the younger men who had profited by them, and 
in 1830 a committee on history was formed and another on literature. The Govern- 
ment was now in far other hands than those of Las Casas, and did its best, in the 
person of General Tacon, to suppress the new political and economical views, mainly, 
it is true, on account of articles which appeared in the journals published under the 
auspices of the society. Still, in 1833, by virtue of a royal order, the committee on 
literature constituted itself an independent academy, which encouraged or founded 
literary periodicals. Its sessions were the place of meeting for all the leading men in 
Cuba who were interested in letters and new ideas, and it collected a valuable 
library. * * * 

■ The political changes of 1820 in Spain had their effect upon education. Upon the 
suppression of the convents the Government gave the chapel of one of the Augustine 
orders to the Sociedad Economica for establishing a normal school, and established 
a chair of constitutional law in the seminary of San Carlos and in the university, but 
both the normal school and the new chairs were soon after suppressed by another 
political change in 1824, and the |32,000 which the section of education had received 
from the municipality for elementary education was also reduced; soon after which 
that section received its deathblow by the royal order of February 8, 1825, with- 
drawing the funds which had been allotted to it, in consequence of which it was no 
longer possible to maintain the new free schools. It is to be observed that during 
the reign of Ferdinand VII the university, which was more directly connected with 
the Madrid Government, suffered more than San Carlos, which was protected by 
the Sociedad Economica and the diocesan bishop, and it remained in a backward 
state until the Government commissioned Francisco de Arango to examine and 
report upon the condition of the institution, which task he accomplished with the 
aid of those most interested in the needed reforms. His report, in 1827, led to the 
reforms embodied in the plan of 1842. The medical faculty meanwhile was reor- 
ganized and modernized, and philosophy also, in the hands of the new teachers, 
became a living force, the French school (Cousin) being represented in the period 
from 1840 to 1856. 

In primary and secibndary education a great advance was made in the private 



272 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

colleges. From 1827 to 1830 the convenient distinction was drawn between elemen- 
tary and superior instruction, and new colleges were established (five in number) in 
which the instruction was so excellent that it was said in 1830 that there was no 
longer any need to send young men abroad for their education. The professors in 
these colleges were well-known men of letters. 

As to free primary instruction, outside of Habana and Matanzas it was in an 
exceedingly backward state. The census of 1833 showed that there were only 9,082 
pupils registered in the schools of the whole island, and this figure is far above the 
numbers of those actually attending. There were then 190,000 or 200,000 inhabit- 
ants under 15 years of age. The Provinces of Puerto Principe and Santiago, with 
250,000 or 300,000 inhabitants each, had 1,408 and 991 pupils in school in 1840, 
respectively. In Villa Clara there was only one school from 1821 to 1834. * * * 

The royal decrees concerning secondary and superior instruction in Cuba and 
Porto Rico during the first half of the century provided principally for making 
valid in Spain the titles of licentiate or doctor obtained in Cuba and Porto Rico. In 
1863 a general reform of public instruction was effected, by virtue of which it was 
divided into i^rimary, secondary, superior, and professional branches. In 1871 a 
decree provided that professors of the Universitj^ of Habana are eligible for profes- 
sorships in Spain, which was followed in 1878 by a decree making the professorate 
in the colonies and the Peninsula one body. • 

In 1880, at the close of the ten-year insurrection, special schools, which had been 
called for by circumstance, such as the dental college of Habana, was created, besides 
society of agriculture, industry, and commerce. In this year the minister for the 
colonies drew up a memorial of the unsatisfactory condition of public education in 
Cuba and Porto Rico, especiallj' in regard to the university and institute of Habana. 
It recites that the first step toward secularizing education and assimilating it with 
that of Spain in that respect was taken in 1842, and that the assimilation was nearly 
complete by 1863, as far as legislation and form were concerned. But Cuba, he 
adds, was not then prepared for so vast and centralized an organization, and many 
obstacles and delays arose that checked the proposed reform. The insurrection of 
1868 interfered with education very seriously, interrupting the studies, and so mak- 
ing it difiicult or impossible for students to finish their courses, which again unfiled 
them to become teachers in the secondary schools which were soon after established 
all over the island. This state of things also interfered with the habilitation in the 
Peninsula of studies followed in Cuba, and so tended to separate the two countries in 
that respect. All these considerations led to the decree of June 18, 1880, regulating 
superior and secondary instruction, and coordinating those branches in Cuba with 
the same grades in Spain established by the decrees of 1874 and order of 1875. One 
of the principal features of this decree was the article authorizing the establishment 
of a secondary institution in the capital of each Cuban Province, at the expense of 
the Province or municipality, with a subvention from the governor-general from the 
estimates for the island. In capitals where there were no public secondary institutes, 
colleges of the religious orders might be substituted by the governor-general, with the 
advice of the council. But the degrees granted by these private institutions were to 
be verified, as only the degrees of public institutions were recognized. In accord- 
ance with this decree an institute of secondary education was established in Porto 
Rico in 1882, there being already several in Cuba. An agricultural commission was 
organized in Cuba, and in 1885 a professional school was established in Porto Rico 
like those in Habana, where there were a nautical school, a professional school 
proper, fitting its students to practice chemistry and the mechanic arts, and an art 
school. * * * 

Until the last century was far advanced the Cubans had not a single public insti- 
tution where they could have their children taught to read^nd write. The first 
school was that of the Bethlehemite Fathers in Habana, g-nd was established through 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 273 

the generosity of Don Juan F. Carballo. He was, according to some authorities 
a native of Seville, and according to others, of the Canary Islands. He repaid 
thus generously the debt of gratitude he owed the country where he had acquired 
his wealth. In the sixteenth century, a philanthropist of Santiago de Cuba, Fran- 
cisco Paradas, had afforded a like good example by bequeathing a large estate for 
the purpose of teaching Latin linguistics and Christian morals. The legacy was 
eventually made of avail by the Dominican friars, who administered it, but when 
the convents were abolished it was swallowed by the royal treasury, and thus the 
beneficent intentions of the founders were frustrated, to the permanent danger of 
the unfortunate country. Only these two institutions, due entirely to individual 
initiative, are recorded in our scholastic annals during the first three centuries of the 
colony. The thirst and scent for gold reigned supreme. The sons of wealthy fami- 
lies, in the absence of learning at home, sought schools and colleges in foreign parts 
in this century [nineteenth]. On their return, with the patriotic zeal natural to 
cultured men, they endeavored to better the intellectual condition of their com- 
patriots. This enforced emigration of Cubans in quest of learning was fought against 
by our Government. The children of Cuban families were forbidden to be educated 
in foreign countries. This despotic measure was adopted without any honest effort 
being made to establish schools for instructing the children of a population already 
numbering nearly 500,000 souls. 

The Sociedad Economica was founded in 1793, during the time of Las Casas, whose 
name has always been venerated among the Cubans. Then, as now, the members 
of this association were the most talented men of the country, and their best efforts 
were directed toward promoting public instruction. It gave impulse and organiza- 
tion to the school system in Cuba. It established inspection, collected statistics, and 
founded a newspaper to promote instruction, and devoted its profits to this cause. 
It raised funds and labored with such zeal and enthusiam that it finally secured the 
assistance of the colonial government and obtained an appropriation, though but of 
small amount, for the benefit of popular instruction. 

In 1793 there were only 7 schools for boys in the capital of Cuba, in which 408 
white and 144 free colored children could be educated. From this privilege the 
slaves were debarred. The 7 schools referred to, besides a number of seminaries for 
girls, afforded a means of livelihood for a number of free mulattoes and some whites. 
The schools were private undertakings, paid for by the parents. Only one, that of 
the reverend Father Senor, of Habana, was a free school. Reading, writing, and 
arithmetic were taught in these schools. Lorrenzo Lendez, a mulatto of Habana, 
was the only one who taught Spanish grammar. The poor of the free colored classes 
were on a par with the slaves. The Sociedad Economica founded 2 free schools, 
one for each sex. The bishop, Feliz Jose de Trespalacios, nullified the laudable 
efforts of the country's well wishers by maintaining that it was unnecessary to estab- 
lish more schools. From 1793 to 1893 the society was unable to accomplish even a 
part of its noble purpose; it was found impossible to obtain an official sanction of 
popular education. In 1817 there were 90 schools in the rest of the island, 19 dis- 
tricts (all, or nearly all), founded by private individuals. In 1816 the section of 
education of the Sociedad Economica was established. It afforded a powerful 
impulse to the cause of education, thanks to the infiuential support of the governor, 
Don Alejandro Ramirez. The schools improved; the boys and girls, both white and 
black, were taught separately; literary contests were opened; annual examinations 
were made obligatory; prizes were distributed, and a powerful incentive was created 
among all classes for the cause of education. But the concessions attained for the 
society by the influence of Ramirez were revoked by royal order of February, 1824. 
In this year the municipality of Habana loaned the Sociedad Patriotica |100 for 
schools. 

159a— 05 18 



274 



HAISIDBOOK OF CUBA. 



In 1826 there were only 140 schools in the island, of which 16 were free, and in 
1827 the society obtained $8,000 per annum for the establishment and maintenance 
of new schools. In 1836 there were only 9,082 children receiving elementary instruc- 
tion in the whole island. In 1860 the number of schools had increased to 283 for 
whites and 2 for colored, yet the attendance was proportionately less than in 1836, 
owing to the increase in population. Popular instruction was neglected or despised 
by deputy governors (military). 

The reformed course of studies of 1863 did not improve the condition of the 
schools, and the secretary of the governor made recommendations that virtually 
tended to keep the population in ignorance in order to keep it Spanish. In 1883 the 
schools numbered as follows: 



Province. 


Public. 


Private. 


Vacant. 




173 
95 
82 

103 
24 
58 


101 
22 
18 
18 
4 
21 


8 




13 


Pinar del Rio 


25 




3 




3 




15 






Total 


535 


184 


67 







But the teachers were not paid, and public instruction was neglected. 

The system in operation at the time of the American intervention, 
January 1, 1899, was based on the law of 1865 as modified by that of 
1880, and had it been carried out according to the spirit of said law 
public instruction in Cuba would have been as practical and complete 
as in any country in the civilized world. But the appropriations for 
the schools were far from adequate and their administration most 
imperfect. The teachers were poorly paid and their method, if they 
had any, was of the most antiquated pattern. 

Private schools abounded in the island, and especially in Habana, 
and many of them were conducted by able Cuban professors; but the 
benefits of these schools could only be enjoyed by the children of the 
wealthy. Those of the poorer classes, who were compelled to attend 
the public or "municipal" schools, received a rudimentary and wholly 
inefficient primary instruction. 

The Government, on the other hand, did not enforce to any practical 
degree the law providing for compulsory assistance to the schools, and 
but a very small percentage of the poor children availed themselves 
of the benefits of free education. 

The plan of studies then in operation called for a course of secondary 
instruction (segunda ensenanza), which followed the primary. This 
secondary instruction corresponded, to a certain degree, with the 
American high school, and its duration was five years. During this 
time the students attended the institutes or colleges of secondary 
instruction, incorporated to the institutes, and were taught the follow- 
ing curriculum: 

First year. — Spanish grammar, Latin, universal geography. 
Second year. — Spanish grammar, Latin, history of Spain. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 275 

Third year. — Rhetoric and poetry, arithmetic, algebra, universal history, and 
English or French. 

Fourth year. — Second cousee of English or French, psychology, logic and moral 
philosophy, geometry, and trigonometry. 

Fifth year. — Agriculture, natural history, anatomy, physiology, and hygiene. 

At the time of the American occupation the most reliable private 
colleges in operation were the following: 

Habana: Jesuit College of Belen, Escuelas Pias (in Guanabacoa), 
San Francisco de Paula, Habana, San Rafael, Areas, San Meliton, 
San Miguel, El Progreso, Santa Ana, San Luis, La Gran Antilla, 
Isabel la Catolica, San Carlos, Centro Gallego, San Anacleto. 

Cienfuegos: Nuestra Senora del Monserrat, San Carlos, Cristobal 
Colon, Nuestra Senora del Carmen, San Luis Gonzaga, Perseverancia, 
El Sagrado Corazon. 

Matanzas: El Siglo, Academia Junco, etc. 

At the end of the five-year course at the institutes the students 
received the degree of bachelor of arts and were in a position to 
enter the university at Habana, whose curriculum embraced law, 
medicine and pharmacy, philosophy and belles-lettres, and the exact 
sciences. 

There also existed during the latter part of the Spanish domination 
a school of arts and trades at Habana, an academy of design, and the 
correctional asylum of San Jose, this latter being more of a peniten- 
tiary for offending children than a school. 

The first care of the American government of intervention was to 
provide teachers and schools of primary instruction throughout the 
island, A new system of primary instruction was inaugurated, a 
normal school for teachers created, and soon after the occupation of 
the island by the United States the wonderful work of reconstruction 
was begun. ^ 

There is perhaps no other deed in the history of the American 
administration of Cuba that can be compared to that of the radical 
transformation of the old and inadequate method of public instruction 
existing under the Spanish regime. 

The Cubans are indebted for most of the beneficial reforms intro- 
duced to Mr. Alexis E. Frye, superintendent of schools of the island 
during the early part of the intervention, and to Lieutenant Hanna, 
U. S. Array, his worthy successor. 

In order to give the Cuban teachers an opportunity to study the 
methods of teaching existing in the United States, Mr. Frye conceived 
and successfully carried into effect the project of taking a good many 
of them to Harvard Universit3^ This visit to the justly renowned 
center of education afforded the Cuban teachers many opportunities to 
observe and to learn, of which they availed themselves for the benefit 
of their country. 



276 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Soon adequate buildings for schools were provided, the number of 
schoolhouses and teachers rapidly augmented, and the authorities 
spared no effort to compel the children to attend the classes. 

In spite of this, of the entire population of school age, which, accord- 
ing to the school census of 1902, was 4:00,000, TO per cent being white, 
only 47 per cent were enrolled during 1902, and only 24 per cent were 
in regular attendance at the public schools. The small percentage of 
attendance is accounted for by the sparseness of population in rural 
districts. Nearly half the inhabitants of the island are collected in 
towns, the rest being so scattered over the country as to give a density 
of onl}^ 18 per square mile. 

The organization of "school cities" was one remarkable feature 
introduced during the year 1902. The plan is to have the scholars 
organize themselves into bodies, similar to the municipal governing 
bodies, the purpose being to teach the youth the first principles of 
responsibility and self-government. The plan has worked with 
remarkable success and great things are predicted for it in the future. 

At the advent of the Cuban Republic (May 20, 1902), one of the 
first cares of the Government was to continue the good work of its 
predecessor in the matter of education. 

The total number of students at the different institutes during the 
school year of 1900-1901 was 772. For a like period in 1903-4 the 
number was 1,330. 

It can be said that in the public schools of Cuba the school imple- 
ments, furniture, and teaching material are far superior to those of the 
private schools. The exercise of the teaching profession is free, the 
state only reserving itself the right to see that the private teachers 
possess the necessary qualifications and that their schools offer the 
required hygienic and pedagogical conditions. 

The institutes of secondary instruction, which, according to the 
illustrious Cuban professor, Dr. Enrique Jose Varona, former secre- 
tarjT^of instruction during the period of American administration, only 
had the name of "institutes of education," and which during the 
period of the war had been reduced to two (those of Habana and Ma- 
tanzas), were also recognized by the American intervention govern- 
ment, which also reopened the institutes at Santa Clara, Camaguey, 
Santiago de Cuba, and Pinar del Rio. 

An academy of stenography and typewriting was inaugurated; the 
school of commerce at the Institute of Habana was reorganized ; schools 
of surveyors were opened at those of Matanzas, Camaguey (Puerto 
Principe), Santiago de Cuba, and Pinar del Rio, and the chair of agri- 
culture, which had been suppressed, was again created in all of them. 

It was also under the American administration that the vast and 
difficult reform of the university took place, the author of the plan 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 277 

being Mr. Varona, then secretar}^ of public instruction. By this plan 
the number of professional schools was augmented, thus opening new 
fields to the activity and energy of the Cuban youth. 

Under this system the university has been divided into three facul- 
ties, viz: Letters and sciences, medicine and pharmacy, and law. 

The faculty of letters and sciences consists of the following: School 
of letters and philosoph}^ school of pedagogy, school of sciences, school 
of engineers, electricit}^, and architects, and school of agriculture. 

The faculty of medicine and pharmacy consists of school of medicine, 
school of pharmacy, school of dental surgery, and school of veterinary 
surgery. 

The facult}^ of law consists of school of civil law, school of public 
law, and school of notarial law. 

As a consequence of the scope given the higher studies, and with 
the object of giving them the practical character derived from modern 
methods by means of experiments, a number of museums and labora- 
tories have been established, thus giving the system a decidedly 
objective character. 

The total number of students enrolled in the academic course of 
1903-4 was 524. Of these, 156 belonged to the school of letters and 
philosophy, pedagog}^, sciences, electrical engineering, architecture, 
and agriculture; 203 to the law schools, and the balance to the school 
of medicine. During the same year 173 diplomas have been issued, 
including 26 to'trained nurses. 

Order No. 76, of February, 1900, designated the faculty of the 
School of Painting and Sculpture of Habana, at the same time pro- 
viding for its maintenance. This school has a double purpose — not 
only the cultivation of the artistic tastes and faculties of those study- 
ing in its class rooms, but also of those who may subsequently apply 
this knowledge to the industrial arts. 

The number of students enrolled in the courses of 1899-1900, 1902-3, 
and 1903-4 was 489, 548, and 467, respectively. 

On March 5, 1900, a military order was issued providing generously 
for the maintenance of the School of Arts and Trades of Habana. 

The total attendance at this school during the courses of 1900-1902 
and 1902-3 was 322 and 436, respectively. 

In 1905 there were 720 private schools. 

At the beginning of the school year 1904-5 the number of public 
schoolrooms in Cuba was 3,538, against 3,472 in the previous year. The 
number of special schools is to-day 87, as against 72 existing last year, 
which gives a total of 3,605 schoolrooms to-day, against 3,544 during 
the previous year. This increase corresponds mainly to the rural 
schools, the total number of which is to-day 1,833, as against 1,740 
existing in November, 1903. Bj^ so increasing the number of rural 
public schools the attendance at the city schools has not been dimin- 



278 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

ished. The school law considers "city" district, the town with more 
than 10,000 inhabitants, and "rural" those with less. 

There are 105 school districts, of which lis a city district of the first 
class, 11 city districts of the second class, and 93 are rural districts. 

Cuba can justly feel proud of possessing at this moment a competent 
body of teachers, both male and female, and of having acquired in the 
important branch of public instruction a prominent place among the 
foremost nations of the world. 

To attain this, the Cuban Government has spared no effort. The 
people have cooperated with the authorities, and the Republic can 
to-day boast of being the only nation on earth which has more teachers 
than soldiers. 

No other public department of the Government, perhaps, receives 
more attention than that of education. The secretary of this branch 
of the administration is considered one of the most important, and the 
greatest care is exercised in~order to maintain in its offices a trust- 
worthy and competent personnel. 

No modern idea,^ device, or implement is to be missed in a Cuban 
school; the objective system has been implanted in all, and the scholars 
receive, besides a practical and useful elementary education, a solid 
and greatly beneficial course of moral and civic instruction. 

The estimated attendance at the public and private schools of the 
Republic is 231,869 daily or 95 per cent of the school census. 

The present budget provides for the creation of 100 more schools. 

The grade of perfection attained by the Cuban school was shown at the 
university exposition of St. Louis, Mo., where the prizes awarded the 
works of our schools were numerous. 

The attention that the Cuban Government pays to education is shown 
in the fact that $3,751,087, or more than 20 per cent of the general 
budget of the nation, is dedicated to public instruction. 

Annual examinations for primary teachers take place during the 
summer in the principal cities of the island, and certificates of first, 
second, and third grade, according to their abilities, are given the 
examiners, authorizing them to teach in the public schools of Cuba, if 
appointed by the different boards of education. 

The normal school, kindergarten for teachers, situated in the city 
of Habana, is working with regularity; the greatest severity is exer- 
cised in the examinations, and no teacher is appointed without having 
demonstrated his ability and knowledge of the profession to the full 
extent. 

A fact which serves to illustrate the comforting attitude of the 
Cuban people toward education is that the number of private schools 
and colleges, far from diminishing, has increased. 

The number of students enrolled in the University of Habana this 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 279 

year is 640. This number is constant!}' increasing, and it is to be 
hoped that during the present course more than 600 will be enrolled. 

At the School of Painting and Sculpture there are at present 643 
students, of which 209 are girls. 

The School of Arts and Trades has on its rolls 467 students, of 
which 316 attend during the day and 160 during the evening hours. 
Nine thousand dollars are spent annually for the maintenance of this 
school. 



CHAPTER XV. 

PATENT AND TRADE-MARK REGULATIONS. 



At the time of the ceasing- of the Spanish domination in Cuba, Porto 
Rico, and the Philippines, there existed in those territories two dif- 
ferent patent laws, to wit, one concerning those patents to be employed 
within the Spanish territory, and the other confined to the patents to 
be used in the Spanish insular possessions. 

In 18Y3 the minister of public works proposed to extend to these 
possessions the same legislation of the Peninsula, but adviging, at the 
'same time, to confine the right of issuing patents to said ministry of 
public works. 

The council of state, however, did not agree on this point, and by 
a royal order, dated January 17, 1873, the proposed centralization of 
the right of issuing patents was declared to be not proper, "owing 
to the difi^erence in the political and administrative organization of 
the Provinces." 

Under the present republican regime of Cuba the superior author- 
ity in matters of patents is the secretar}^ of agriculture, industry, and 
commerce. 

The two patent offices in Cuba to-day ai-e the office of the secretary 
of agriculture, industrj^ and commerce and the Sociedad Economica 
de Amigos del Pais. All the other offices mentioned in the royal 
decree of June 30, 1833, have been abolished. The civil governors 
of the Provinces intervene only in the forwarding to the secretary of 
the applications for patents and privileges. 

On the 22d of September, 1904, the Government of Cuba, in con- 
formity with article 16 of the international convention, signed at Paris 
March 20, 1883, for the protection of industrial property, notified the 
Swiss Government of the adhesion of the Republic of Cuba to the said 
convention, approved by the Cuban Senate on the 5th and ratified by 
the President on the 8th of the same month. Cuba has also made a 
treaty with France for the protection of industrial property, and by 
proclamation of the President of the United States, dated the l7th day 
of November, 1903, Cuban citizens enjo}^ the same benefits in the 
United States as Americans under the copyright law. 
280 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 281 

Article XIII of the treaty of Paris, dated the 10th of December, 

1898, is as follows: 

The rights of property secured by copyrights and patents acquired by Spaniardig 
in the island of Cuba and in Porto Rico, the PhiUppines, and other ceded territories, 
at the time of the exchange of the ratification of this treaty, shall continue to be 
respected. Spanish scientific, literary, and artistic works, not subversive of public 
order in the territories in question, shall continue to be admitted free of duty in such 
territories for the period of ten years, to be reckoned from the date of the exchange 
of the ratifications of this treaty. 

The Department of State of the United States published on October 
25, 1902, a report sent to it by the United States minister in Cuba on 
the subject of patents, trade-marks, and copyrights, which came accom- 
panied with a brief by Mr. Fernando M. Vidal, which reads as follows: 

TRADE-MARKS. 

Circular No. 12 of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, dated April 11, 

1899, which is applicable to both patents and trade-marks, provides protection for 
American patents and trade-marks upon filing a duly certified copy of the patent or 
of the certificate of registration of the trade-mark, print, or label in the ofiice of the 
governor-general of the island. Provision is also made for the protection of rights of 
property in patents and trade-marks secured under the Spanish laws. 

Circular No. 21 of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, dated June 1, 1899, 
provides that the fee for filing the certified copies mentioned in circular No. 12 shall 
be $1, and that as to patents the only certification required is that issued by the 
United States Commissioner of Patents. 

On September 25-, 1899, circular No. 34 was issued by the Division of Customs and 
Insular Affairs, applicable to- both patents and trade-marks, rescinding so much of 
circular No. 21 as required the payment of a fee for filing certified copies of patents 
or certificates of registration of trade-marks, prints, or labels. 

A paragraph is added to circular No. 21 requiring a power of attorney from the 
owner of the patent or trade-mark authorizing another for him, and in his place to 
file a certified copy of the patent or certification of the trade-mark, print, or label, 
to be filed with such certified copy or certificate of registration. It is further pro- 
vided that assignments of patents, trade-marks, prints, or labels, or certified copies 
thereof, shall be filed in the same manner. 

By a subsequent circular. No. 38, of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, 
dafted March 9, 1900, so much of circular No. 34 of the said division as related to fees 
was rescinded, thereby restoring the registration fee of $1 provided for by circular 
No. 21 in relation to American patents and trade-marks. 

Upon this question of registration fees for American patents and trade-marks, the 
secretary of agriculture, commerce, and industries, under date of June 21, 1902, 
issued a circular order which was published in the Gaceta de la Habana on June 23, 
1902, wherein it is recited that — 

' ' The military government of the United States in this island having ceased, by 
virtue whereof and in accordance with the express text thereof, circulars Nos. 12 and 
21, dated, respectively, April 11 and June 1, 1899, issued by the Division of Customs 
and Insular Affairs of the War Department at Washington, concerning the registra- 
tion of American trade-marks and patents, have become without value or effect, inas- 
much as said circulars were issued for the territories subject to military forces of the 
United States, I have resolved that patents and marks of all kinds, prints, labels, and 
tickets, duly registered in the Patent Ofiice of the United States, whose filing in this 



282 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

island may be requested for their protection in future, shall from the present date 
be recorded in the Bureau under my charge in proper case, upon complying with 
the procedure followed for registration from other countries and the payment of ?35 
currency for patents and 112.50 currency for marks, prints, etc. — that is to say, the 
same fees which are paid by all others, foreign or national, in place of $1 currency 
which is provided for in g^id circular No. 21 regarding the American." 

In an unpublished communication, dated August 12, 1902, addressed to the secretary 
of state and government by the secretary of agriculture, commerce, and industries, a 
ruling is contained to the effect that " civil order No. 160, series 1901, June 13, 1901, 
has not been revoked, and that American trade-marks which have been registered 
in pursuance of circulars 12 and 21 of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs 
are fully protected without the necessity of any further formality, and that the cir- 
cular published in the Gazette on June 23, 1902, has had for its object the equaliza- 
tion of procedure followed in this island for the filing and protection of foreign trade- 
marks and patents in accordance with the international treaty of 1883, and that, 
upon the expiration of the term of protection granted to marks, etc., registered under 
circulars 12 and 21, above mentioned, the Department reserves the right to take the 
proper steps. This will be the subject of a law." 

At this point it seems proper to invite attention to civil order No. 148, series 1902, 
whereby "each and every of the laws, decrees, regulations, orders, and other rulings 
made and promulgated by and under the military government of Cuba shall be 
deemed to be general and continuing in character, and to be applicable to and bind- 
ing upon all officers of the Government of Cuba, under whatsoever names or titles, 
who shall succeed the officers of the military government, and to continue in force 
and effect, under whatsoever government may exist in Cuba, until such time as it 
may be legally revoked or amended, pursuant to the terms of the constitution 
aforesaid. ' ' 

Article 12 of said royal decree of August 21, 1884, has been amended by civil order 
512, series 1900, dated December 19, 1900, by adding to paragraph 1 of said article 
the following: 

' ' Those who buy or sell receptacles, stamped in a permanent manner with a trade- 
mark which is registered in the name of another person, except to such person or 
his authorized agent, or who use such receptacles, placing therein for sale the same 
or similar products as those for which said receptacles are used by the owner of the 
trade-mark. In such cases the receptacles shall be seized, which the infringer shall 
forfeit to the owner of the trade-mark. ' ' 

The said article of said order amends article 287 of the penal code by extending 
the penalty therein provided to this offense. 

Article 36 of said royal decree of August 21, 1884, is amended by civil order 511, 
series 1900, by substituting for paragraph 2 thereof the following: 

' ' Manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, and industrials applying for registration 
of the same mark, having distinguishing minor details, with the object of pointing 
out the various classes and grades of one product, or for any other motive, shall be 
furnished with a certificate of registration for each variation of the mark, stating 
their special use, and charging them the corresponding fees ($12.50 United States 
currency) for each certificate issued." 



The law of patents of Cuba is contained in the royal decree of June 30, 1833, which 
was modified by the royal order of January 17, 1873, which prohibited the conces- 
sion of "patents of introduction." 

The circulars of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, hereinbefore cited in 
reference to trade-marks registered in the United States and seeking protection in 
Cuba, have application also to American patents under like circumstances; and the 



HANDBOOK 0*F CUBA. 283 

circular above mentioned — of the Secretary of Agriculture, etc., dated June 21, 1902 — 
is likewise applicable to patents. 

The plans and specifications are required to be presented in closed and sealed 
envelopes, which are to be opened only by the examining board when about to pass 
upon the same. 

When a case ^ises which is not specially provided for in the law, it is the practice 
to follow as precedent and legal doctrine in the matter the provisions of the Spanish 
law of patents of July 30, 1878. 

COPYRIGHTS. 

The law of copyrights in force in Cuba is that of January 10, 1879, extended to 
this island by royal order of January 14, 1879. 

This has been modified by civil order 119, series 1900, whereby it is provided as 
follows: 

"I. Authors of foreign scientific, artistic, and literary works, or their agents or 
representatives, shall enjoy in the island of Cuba the protection granted by the law 
of intellectual property of January 10, 1879, for the period during which said works 
are protected in the country where they originate, provided this period does not 
exceed the time allowed in the aforementioned law, and provided said authors com- 
ply with the requirements of the same and its regulations. 

"II. This provides that the general register referred to in paragraph 33 of said 
law shall be kept in the department of state and government. 

"III. Foreign works must be entered in the general register. To effect said regis- 
tration, a duly legalized certificate must be presented from the proper authority of 
the country where the work originates, as a guarantee of proprietorship in favor of 
the person soliciting the registration. 

"IV. Civil governors and municipal mayors shall not suspend in any case the 
representation, reading, or performance of literary or musical works, in accordance 
with the provisions of paragraph 63 of the regulations of the law of intellectual 
property, except in cases where the claimant proves himself to be the proprietor of 
the work, or his agent or representative, by producing the certificate of registration 
issued by the general registry and the power of attorney whenever this be necessary. 

"V. No fees shall be collected for the registration of foreign works, and certificates 
of registration will be issued to the proprietors of such works, or their agents or rep- 
resentatives, free of charge." 

Civil order 55, series 1901, provides that duly legalized notarial certificates of pro- 
prietary rights containing the titles to the same in full shall be considered sufiicient 
for their inscription in the registry of foreign copyrights, provided that the public 
officer in whose presence the document is executed certifies to having had presented 
to him the original of the certificate of copyrights. 

Civil order 160, series 1901, hereinbefore mentioned, provides for the protection of 
copyrights upon the filing of a certificate of registration, issued by the librarian of 
Congress, with the governor of the island, and contained a penal clause punishing 
the infringement of copyrights. 

Civil order 54, series 1902, provides that the general register of literary property, 
provided for in article 33 of the law of January 10, 1879, and in article 2 of civil 
order 119, series 1900, shall be kept in the section of general government of the 
department of state and government in the same manner as the register of foreign 
literary property. 

For the purposes of article 34 of the law, it is provided that the records relating 
thereto and the works deposited in the printing bureau of the department of state 
and government shall be transferred to the general register of literary works. 

The connection of the provincial registries with the general registry shall be the 
same as that existing prior to January 1, 1899, with the general registry of the 



284 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

department of development (ministerio de fomento) and the general directory of 
public instruction, and they will forward to said registry the semiannual statements 
of the inscriptions effected and their after history, in accordance with said para- 
graph 3 of the aforesaid article 34 of the law. 

The three copies of each scientific, literary, or dramatic work which, in accord- 
ance with royal order of January 14, 1879, the interested parties mu^t submit at the 
time of requesting inscription, and which, prior to January 1, 1899, were forwarded 
to the ministerio de fomento of Spain, shall in the future be sent, through the civil 
governor, to the general registry of literary works, one of which copies shall go to 
the national library, one to the imiversity, and a third shall remain in the archives 
of the registry. 

The copy or copies in the case of musical works which must be presented shall be 
filed in the general registry of literary works, unless otherwise directed in the future. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Fernando M. Vidal. 



PATENT LAWS. 

No. 1. 
Royal ordinance of June SO, 1833. 

The King: By royal decree of March 27, 1826, to be executed within the limits of 
this my kingdom and adjacent islands, I was pleased to take measures which I 
deemed to be conducive to encourage and protect my intelligent and industrious vas- 
sals who, to the advantage of science and art, should happen to invent new machines, 
instruments, apparatuses, or methods, scientifical or mechanical, as well as those 
who should propose to introduce thern from foreign countries or materially improve 
those which were already in use. For that purpose, as it was necessary and just, I 
promulgated some rules tending to secure for them the ownership and enjoyment of 
their inventions, granting them exclusive privilege to that effect for a certain time, 
so as to reconcile the protection due to private interests and to the benefit of the 
industry, protecting them against all usurpation and avoiding the dangers of a stag- 
nation and monopoly in the matter of inventions. 

Subsequent to that time several letters of privilege published in the Gaceta have 
been granted for this my kingdom, and two more upon the advice of the council of 
the Indies for the introduction and use in the Philippine Islands of a foreign machine 
destined to smelt and refine iron and for weaving fabrics, whereupon I recommended 
to the same council to study the manner of putting the said decree into operation in 
all my dominions of America and Asia, with such changes and amendments as cir- 
cumstances may require. And acting in accordance with the reports of the said 
council of April 20, 1829, and December 20, 1832, and after hearing the reports of the 
iutendents-general of Cuba, the Philippine Islands, and Porto Rico, the comptroller 
of the treasury of the Indies, and my attorney-general, I have decided to promulgate 
the following articles: 

1. Every person of whatever condition or country who proposes to establish or 
establishes a machine, apparatus, instrument, process, or operation, mechanical or 
chemical, which, either wholly or in part, are new or have not been established in 
the same manner or form in either Cuba, Porto Rico, or the Philippine Islands, shall 
have the exclusive right of ownership and use of the whole or of the part which is 
not in operation there, subject to the rules and conditions to be hereafter set forth 
and to the laws, royal orders, regulations, and ordinances to police. But as it is 
already declared by me in regard to Cuba, by royal order of December 27, 1827, com- 
municated to the indendent-general of Habana, it is to be understood that the privi- 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 285 

lege of introduction refers only to the manner of carrying the same into effect, and 
that the faculty of applying it to different objects is free to all others. 

2. Taking into consideration the particular condition of the island of Cuba, where 
no inducement is necessary for the promotion of the agricultural industry, especially 
in the branch of the manufacture of sugar boxes, the owners of the estates, as well 
as the authorities, follow very closely the progress made in the matter in foreign 
countries and introduce and put into operation at once the machines, instruments, 
apparatuses, processes, and scientific methods applicable to their business, the con- 
cession of the privilege shall be limited to inventors and importers. Mere importers 
shall be dealt with at the discretion of the captain-general and the intendent, who, 
acting in the capacity of the superior directive board, and after hearing the opinion 
of the city council, of the board of commerce or promotion of public welfare, men- 
tion of which shall be made, in article 28, and the economical society, shall decide, 
if it is deemed advisable, what are the branches of industry or agriculture, as well 
as the districts, in reference to which no privilege is to be granted. This shall be 
done by special rules or additional articles, which shall be submitted to me for 
approval. 

3. To secure for the interested party the exclusive ownership of the invention a 
royal letter of privilege shall be granted to him, and this shall be done without 
entering into any examination of the novelty or usefulness of the invention, and 
with the understanding that the concession is not to be taken in any manner or form 
as an indorsement of its novelty and usefulness, the interested party remaining sub- 
ject to the provisions of the present ordinance. 

4. Privileges shall be granted for periods of five, ten, or fifteen years, as the appli- 
cants may desire, in cases of invention, and for five years alone in cases of importa- 
tion from abroad, it being understood that the privilege granted for the establishment 
or introduction of the machines, apparatuses, instruments, processes, or operations, 
mechanical or chemical, is for doing something in these kingdoms, but not to bring 
into them any object manufactured abroad which shall be subject to the provisions 
of the tariff in regard to importations. 

5. The privilege granted for five years to the inventors may be extended five years 
longer upon just and good reasons. Privileges granted for periods of ten and fifteen 
years can not be extended. 

6. Anything which is not practiced and used, either in these dominions or in any 
foreign country, shall be a proper matter for a privilege of invention. What is not 
in use in the island into which the importation is proposed, but which is in use in 
other islands, in Spain, or in a foreign country, shall be a proper matter for a privi- 
lege of introduction, provided that no privilege shall be granted for anything the 
models or descriptions of which may be found in the city corporations, boards of 
commerce or promotion of public welfare, economical societies, and archives of the 
Government, unless three years have elapsed since its importation without its hav- 
ing been put into practice. In that case a privilege of introduction shall be granted 
for only five years. 

7. Applicants for a letter of approval shall have to appear either personally or 
through an attorney, and by means of a memorial drawn in accordance with model 
No. 1, attached to this ordinance, to the intendent of the Province of their residence. 
Applications in the island of Cuba shall be filed before the intendent of Habana. 

8. Applications shall refer to only one object, and shall be accompanied with a 
drawing or model and a proper description and explanation of the invention, speci- 
fying in the proper way which is the mechanism or process which it is claimed has 
never been practiced before. Everything must be stated clearly and precisely, in 
order to prevent doubts after the real nature of the claim on which the privilege has 
been granted. 

9. The models shall have to be submitted, as well as the drawings, descriptions, 



286 HA]srDBOOK OF CUBA. 

and specifications, in a sealed box ; but the drawings, descriptions, and specifications 
may also be inclosed in a sealed envelope. In either case a label, prepared accord- 
ing to model No. 3, shall be affixed to the package. 

10. The intendent shall cause the word " presentado, " as well as the seal of his 
office, to be stamped on the package, and shall give the applicants a certificate show- 
ing that the letter was received. If the application is made in any of the subaltern 
Provinces of Cuba, the letter of transmittal to the intendent of the capital shall be 
delivered to the applicants in order that they themselves, or some one in their name, 
should take it to the intendent of Habana. 

11. The intendent shall refer all the papers to the superior directive board, which, 
in his presence and in the presence of the attorney-general, shall cause the package 
to be opened. If the documents found therein have been drawn in accordance with 
article 8 of this ordinance, the privilege shall be granted without further examina- 
tion, and a copy of the resolution passed to this effect shall be sent to the captain- 
general, to whom the applicant shall then address a petition drawn in accordance 
with No. 2, requesting him to issue in his favor and in my name a letter of privilege 
according to model No. 4. 

12. Before the letter is issued the applicant shall produce a receipt showing that 
the following fees have been paid by him to the board of commerce or promotion of 
public welfare, to wit: 

For a privilege of five years $70 

For a privilege of ten years 210 

For a privilege of fifteen years 420 

For mere introduction 210 

One-half of these fees shall go to the board of commerce or promotion of public 
welfare, to be applied to the progress of the arts and industry, and the other half 
shall be sent to Spain to the conservatory at Madrid. 

An additional fee of $8 shall be paid for the issue of the patent. 

13. After the patent is issued, the governor will send a copy thereof to the intend- 
ent, and it shall be the duty of the latter to transmit to the board of commerce or 
promotion of public welfare the documents in the case, properly sealed, and to 
report to me, through my secretary of fomento, sending at the same time the portion 
of the fee corresponding to the Royal Conservatory of Arts, in which institution a 
record shall be made of the patent granted, according to the provisions of article 15. 

All the documents and papers relating to patents shall be kept in rooms properly 
arranged for this purpose in the office of the board of commerce or promotion of 
public welfare, and no package shall be opened except in case of litigation and by 
order of a court of competent jurisdiction. 

14. The concessions or privileges shall be published in the respective Diario del 
Gobierno and in the Gaceta de Madrid. 

15. A book shall be kept in the boards of commerce or promotion of public welfare, 
in which all the patents of privilege shall be recorded chronologically, with excep- 
tion of the dates, names, and residence of the patentees, the object of the privilege, 
and the time of its duration. This register shall be open to public inspection. 

16. Should the interested party come to this Kingdom and request a patent, either 
personally or through an attorney, he shall have to comply with the provisions of 
articles 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the royal decree of March 27, 1826, it being 
understood that the matter is to be transacted in the department of foment9 and the 
council of the Indies, and that the time granted by article 4 shall be extended or 
shortened at the discretion of the authorities, according to the distances and the object 
of the patent. 

17. The patentee shall enjoy the exclusive use of the invention, machinery, etc., 
for which the patent was granted, and no one shall have the right to use or put it 
into practice, either the entire object or any part thereof which he has declared to 



HATiTDBOOK OF CUBA. 287 

be new or not used in the district where it is to be introduced, without his consent. 
The identity of the invention is to be determined by the model, drawings, and 
description filed with the application, which shall serve at all times as evidence. 

18. The period of ownership of the invention shall be counted from the day and 
hour of the filing of the application and documents before the intendent; and if two 
or more persons have made application for patents for the same object, the patent 
shall be granted to the person who first made application. In case application is 
made by two or more persons, some of whom are in these kingdoms and others in 
Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands, the patent shall be granted to all if no 
more than one month appears to have intervened between the dates of the applica- 
tions in those islands and here. This period shall be extended to four months for 
those of the Philippine Islands. If the difference between the dates of application 
is greater, the patent shall be given to the first,applicant. 

19. Patentees shall have the right to assign, transfer by gift, donation, purchase, 
or any other contract, and also by last will and testament, the privileges granted to 
them as any other kind of property. 

20. Assignments and transfers shall have to be made by public deed, which shall 
set forth whether the privilege has been transferred for the purpose of being put 
into practice in" the whole district or in only one of the Provinces or localities of the 
same; also whether the transfer is absolute and in full; whether the patentee shall 
or shall not use it himself, and whether the assignee shall or shall not have the right 
to transfer the patent to some one else in his turn. 

'21. Assignees shall be bound to file a certified copy of theHeed of assignment with 
the intendent before whom the application for the patent was originally filed; and 
he, after having caused the said deed to be recorded, shall forward it to the capital 
of the island and'to the board of commerce or promotion of public welfare. The 
intendent shall also give notice of the transfer to my secretary of fomento, who will 
transmit the information thus given to him to the Royal Conservatory of Arts, where 
proper record shall be made of the said transfer in the manner and form specified in 
article 13. The transfer of the patent shall be null and void if the certified copy of 
the deed of transfer is not filed as above provided within sixty days after the date of 
execution. 

22. The duration of the privileges shall be counted from the date of the patent. 

23. Patents shall be terminated and become valueless in the following cases: 

(1) At the expiration of the period for which they were granted. 

(2) When the interested parties do not apply for the royal letters of patents 
within three months, to be counted from the dates of the applications. 

(3) When the patentee himself, or some one else in his name, has failed to put 
the patent into practice within the time fixed for that purpose. 

(4) When the patentee abandons the patent, total suspension of the exercise of 
the patent for an uninterrupted period of one year and one day will be considered 
as abandonment. 

(5) When evidence is produced that the object protected by a patent of introduc- 
tion is in practice in some other district or is described in printed books, plates, 
models, drawings, etc., preserved in the city councils, boards of commerce, econom- 
ical societies. Government archives, etc., without having passed the three years 
mentioned in article 6, and, finally, when it is found out that the machinery or 
process protected by the patent and represented as new and a matter of invention of 
the applicant is established and in practice in some other part of the dominions of 
His Majesty or in foreign countries. 

24. At the expiration of the term of the patent the president of the board of com- 
merce or promotion of public welfare shall give notice to the intendant of the capital 
of the island, who shall report the fact to the superior directive board, where a reso- 
lution shall be passed directing that the patent be canceled. Information of these 



288 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

proceedings shall be transmitted by the said board to the department of fomento 
and through it to the director of the Royal Conservatory. 

25. In all other cases of termination of a patent the declaration shall be made by 
the court of competent jurisdiction at the request of some interested party. The 
said court, upon consideration of the evidence produced before it, shall decide 
whether the patent has or has not been terminated. 

26. The courts of competent jurisdiction in these matters shall be the courts of the 
intendants of the respective Provinces. The petitions shall be filed before the 
intendant of the Province where the patentee is domiciled. The appeals against the 
decisions of the intendants shall be taken to the superior board for matters of con- 
tention and from this board to the council. 

27. As soon as a patent shall be terminated or is terminated for any of the reasons 
stated in article 23, the intendant shall give notice of the fact to the board of com- 
merce or promotion of public welfare, which shall proceed to open the package 
containing the documents that were presented at the time when the application was 
filed. Everything shall then be made public, for which purpose the proper notice 
shall be printed in the Diario del Gobierno. 

28. As at the present time, and by virtue of the provisions of the Code of Com- 
merce and other royal decisions, the board of commerce is now established in 
Habana, the said board shall continue to take care of the promotion of all the 
branches of public welfare in the island as was done before by the board which was 
called "board of government." In Porto Eico the board of commerce and promo- 
tion of public welfare is to be established and organized according to the ordinance 
of February 17, 1832; and in the Philippine Islands the corporation which is to be 
established either under the provisions of the Code of Commerce and the ordinance 
of July 26, 1832, shall be competent to deal with all matters regarding the promotion 
of agriculture and industry in the archipelago. 

29. The patentee or his assignee shall have the right to prosecute judicially all of 
their property. The competent authorities to try these cases of infringement shall 
be the intendants of the provinces where the defendants reside, and the appeals shall 
have to be taken to the superior board for matters of contention and from the latter 
to the council. 

30. Inventors who have obtained a privilege in these dominions or in Cuba, Porto 
Eico, or the Philippine Islands, shall have the right to use the same or put it into 
practice in any place whatever within my dominions, and shall have the right to sell 
or transfer it as provided in article 17, provided that they obtain from the council, 
within one year from the date of the patent, a permit to do so. After the expiration 
of the said year no one shall have the right to apply for a patent of introduction and 
put it into operation. 

31. Upon sufficient proof of the infringement the guilty parties shall be condemned 
to the loss of all the machines, apparatuses, utensils, etc., which have been used, and 
to the payment of a fine of three times over and above the value of the patent, said 
value to be determined by experts. The amount to be paid by the infringer shall be 
given to the patentee. 

32. Patents granted before the present date shall continue to be in force without 
change. Those which have been granted subsequent to the provisions of a subse- 
quent law shall be governed by those of the present ordinance. 

Therefore I do hereby command, etc. 

Done at the Palace this 30th day of July, 1833. 

I, THE King. 
By command of the King, our Lord: 
Mateo de ActtEEo. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 289 

Form No. 1. 



To the Intendant of the Province of ; 

I, N. , a resident of , doing business as — ■ , respectfully represent: 

That in order to secure proprietary rights on a machine (or instrument or apparatus, 
etc.) which I have invented (or imported from abroad), to be used for (such and 
such purposes), and doing as commanded by His Majesty, I come before you and 
submit, together with this application, a sealed package, upon which the following 
inscription has been affixed (copy the inscription here); and therefore I pray you to 
be pleased to cause the word ' ' Presentado " to be stamped iipon the package, provide 
me with a receipt thereof, and refer the whole matter to the superior directive board 
(either directly or through me) for such action as may be proper under the law. 

Here the date and the signature of the applicant or of his attorney. 

Forvi No. 2. 
Most Excellent Sir: I, N. , a resident of , doing business as , 



respectfully represent: That in order to secure proprietary rights on a machine 
(apparatus, etc.) which he invented (or introduced from abroad), to be used for 
(such and such purposes), he now comes and appears, and in compliance with the 
law enacted on the subject by His Majesty, prays your excellency to be pleased to 
cause a patent to be issued in His Majesty's name and in favor of your petitioner, 

granting him the corresponding privilege for the period of years. 

Date, signature, etc. 

Form No. 3. 

Application for royal letters patent of privilege filed by N. , a resident of 

, requesting the intendant of to do this and that (here a copy of the 

prayers of the application). 

Date, signature, etc. 

Here, at the foot of the above, the intendant shall write "Presentado" and affix 
his signature. 

Form No. 4- 

I, Don N. (here the name and titles of the governor). 

Whereas, Don N. (here the name, residence, etc., of the applicant) has 

stated to me, in his memorial of such a date, that in order to secure proprietary 
rights on machine (instrument, process, etc.) which he has invented (or has 
imported from abroad), to be used for such and such purposes (here the purposes as 
stated in the memorial), he desires that, as commanded by His Majesty, the proper 
letters patent of privilege be issued in his favor; 

Therefore, in use of the powers which are vested in me, and in the na,me of the 

King, our Lord (whom God may keep) , I do hereby grant to the said Don N. , 

by means of this patent, the exclusive privilege to use, manufacture, or sell the said 
invention (instrument, etc.) for a period of time to be counted from the date of this 

patent to the of , A. D. , on which it shall terminate. And the 

said Don N. shall have the right to assign, or sell, or transfer, or convey by 

contract or last will the exclusive privilege which is hereby granted him. And in 
compliance with the commands of His Majesty, all persons are forbidden, under the 
penalties established by law, to interfere with said privilege. This patent shall have 
to be recorded at the office of the secretary of the intendant and at the office of the 
board of commerce and promotion of public welfare, when the required fees shall 
have to be paid, the patent to be nuil and of no effect if said fees are not paid. 

Date, signature, seal, etc. 

159a— G5 19 



290 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

No. 2. 

By royal order of January 17, 1873, the issue of patents of "introduction" was for- 
bidden. 



No. 3. 

Civil order No. 196. 

Headquarters Department of Cuba, 

Habana, October 19, 1899. 
The military governor of Cuba directs the publication of the following order: 

I. The rules pertaining to the issuance of letters patent in the island of Cuba, as 
promulgated by royal decree of June 30, 1833, are modified so as to substitute one 
sole term of seventeen years instead of the three terms comtemplated by said decree. 

II. The Government fees as provided in said decree are abolished, and one uni- 
form fee of 135 is substituted therefor. 

Adna E.. Chaffee, 
Brigadier- General, Chief of Staff. 



No. 4. 
Announcement by the secretary of agriculture, industry, commerce, and public works. 

The military governor of the island, at the suggestion of this department, has 
been pleased to order, on the 7th instant, that the benefits of order No. 196 be 
extended to all those who from the 1st of January of the present year until this date 
have succeeded in obtaining the concession of patents, but have failed to get the 
patent certificate within the time fixed by the royal ordinance of June 30, 1833. 

This is published in the Gaceta de la Habana for general information. 

Habana, November 12, 1899. 

Adolfo Saenz Yanez, Secretary. 



No. 5. 
Announcement by the secretary of agriculture, industry, commerce, and public works. 

The honorable secretary of this department has been pleased to order that proper 
notice be given to all persons who are in possession of patents issued by the Spanish 
Government and admitted to be valid up to December 31, 1898, that in order to give 
them the protection to which they are entitled under article 13 of the treaty of peace 
between the United States and Spain, they must file in this department, with the 
least possible delay, the duplicates of the petitions, drawings, specifications, and 
models which should be in their possession, thus enabling the department to compare 
their patents with others from the United States of indentical titles and subjects, the 
inscription of which in this island has been requested, and decide as may be proper 
and just. 

This is published for general information. 

Habana, November l6, 1897. 

B. Pichardo, 
Assistant Secretary. 



HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 291 

No. 6. 

Civil order No. 216, series of 1900. 

Headquarters Department of Cuba, 

Habana, May 26, 1900. 
The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of 
agriculture, commerce, and industries, directs the publication of the following order: 

I. Notice is hereby given to all persons in legal possession of letters patent registered 
in Madrid, Spain, and extended to the island of Cuba, to exhibit the duplicates of 
models, plans, and specifications of their patents, or an authenticated copy of the 
same, together with a certificate that they are in force in Spain, in accordance with 
section 5 of the royal decree of August 14, 1880, within six months from the date of 
this order, in order to protect them from pending infringements. 

II. American patents already forwarded for registration and those that may here- 
after be forwarded will at once be entered in the special register in the office of the 
secretary of agriculture, commerce, and industries conditionally, reserving the 
decision in regard to the definite inscription or absolute rejection of such as are 
determined to be infringements in accordance with the proofs obtained, within the 
period of six months, as provided in paragraph I of this order, upon the expiration 
of which period the inscription will be made in full, leaving to the parties concerned 
after that date the right of settling their differences before courts of justice. 

J. B. HiCKEY, 

Assistant Adjutant- General. 



No. 7. 

Civil order No. 497, series of 1900. 

Headquarters Department of Cuba, 

Habana, December 10, 1900. 
The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of 
agriculture, commerce, and industries, directs the publication of the following order: 

I. The requirements of order No. 216, series of 1900, from these headquarters, refer- 
ring to American letters patent, are hereby extended to Cuban letters patent as well as 
to those granted by other nations; in consequence, letters patent forwarded for regis- 
tration which may appear as infringing on Spanish patents shall be entered in full 
in the register of the department of agriculture, commerce, and industries if, within 
the period of six months granted by said order No. 216, the owners thereof have not 
exhibited the duplicates of models, plans, and specifications of same for the necessary 
examination and decision in case of said infringement. 

II. The inscriptions in full of Cuban and foreign letters patent shall be made in 
every case as directed for American patents, leaving the right to the owners of 
Spanish patents to settle their differences before the courts of justice. 

J. B. Hickey, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 



292 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

TRADE-MARK LAW. 
I. 

Royal decree of August 21, 1884- 

PKEAMBLE. 

Sire: Owing to the confusion and vagueness whicti for some time has been noticed 
in the important question of trade-marks in the provinces beyond the seas, the neces- 
sity for revision of the law on that subject is keenly felt. Public opinion is strongly 
in favor of having the tobacco manufacturing industry in Cuba and Porto Rico efl&- 
ciently protected. It is urgent that an end should be put to the insecurity resulting 
from the present state of affairs in the tobacco industry, in order that this industry, 
constituting w^ealth of such importance on account of the special conditions of the 
island of Cuba, be properly attended to and developed. All of this was known, Sire, 
to one of my predecessors who, after duly considering the suggestion made by cer- 
tain manufacturers and the opinions of the proper advisory boards of the island, 
framed a bill which was introduced in the Cortes in the session of 1882-83. Unfor- 
tunately the bill, although recommended by the respective committee and discussed 
and passed in the Chamber of Deputies, failed to secure consideration by the Senate 
owing to the fact of its adjournment. It might, perhaps, have been better to intro- 
duce again the same bill and proclaim it when passed; but the conditions now 
existing in Cuba are such that no delay can be countenanced if the great interests 
connected with the tobacco industry are to be saved from the ruin which also 
threatens industries of no less importance in the island. Fortunately for the under- 
signed minister, the law authorized him to recommend a measure which shall put an 
end to those evils. The law of July 25 of the present year granted him, among 
other things, the power to adopt measures tending to protect in an eflBicient manner 
the tobacco industry in the two Antilles, and the minister who has now the honor 
to address Your Majesty considers that the greatest protection which may be given 
in this matter consists in securing for those who employ their capital and labor in 
the very important industry of the manufacture of tobacco the perfect and unques- 
tionable ownership of their products and trade-marks. 

Founded upon this business, and duly complying at the same time with the pro- 
visions of article 11 of the law above-mentioned of July 25 ultimo, the colonial min- 
ister has the high honor of submitting to the approval of Your Majesty the following 
draft of a decree. 

Sire: 

To the royal feet of Your Majesty. 

Manuel Aguieke de Tetada. 

ROYAL decree. 

Taking into consideration the reasons set forth by the colonial minister and the 
opinion of the council of ministers, I have seen fit to decree the following: 

Title I. 
General provisions. 

Articl^ 1. The following shall be considered trade-marks and marks of commerce 
and agriculture: 

The names of the manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, or companies formed 
by the same, the names of business houses, emblems, coats of arms, engravings, 
vignettes, marks, stamps, seals, stamps in relief, letters, numbers, envelopes, cover- 
ings, wrappings, or any sign of whatever class and form used by the merchant, agri- 
culturist, or company to distinguish their products or merchandise and secure them 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 298 

in order that the pubhc may know and distinguish them from others of the same 
nature. 

AiiT. 2. The drawings or designs destined to be stamped on fabrics or on paper 
patterns to be used for decoration, models for jewelry, cabinet making, sculpture, 
and in general all industrial drawings or models shall be comprsed in this class and 
enjoy the benefits of this decree. 

Art. 3. Signs or other material or external designations by means of which a 
merchant distinguishes his own establishment from others of the same kind are not 
objects of this decree. 

Art. 4. All manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, or business men of any other 
class who individually or collectively may wish to use the same mark to distinguish 
the products of their respective factories, articles of their commerce, agricultural raw 
material of their own production, etc., from all others of the same nature, and those 
who should wish to retain the ownership of industrial drawings and models shall 
have to ask for a certificate of ownership under the provisions of the present decree. 

Those who should fail to provide themselves with the said certificate shall have 
no right to use any mark to distinguish the products of their industry or prevent 
other parties from using their stamps, industrial drawings, or models. 

Art. 5. Manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, or business men of any kind 
shall be free to adopt for the products of their factory, commerce, or agricultural 
industry, the trade-marks which they may deem advisable, excepting the following: 

1. The national coat of arms and the insignia and decorations of Spain, unless 
upon competent authority to that effect. 

2. The coats of arms, insignia, mottoes, etc., of foreign states or nations without 
the express consent of the respective governments. 

3. The denominations generally used in trade to distinguish the class of merchan- 
dise. 

4. Any drawing or representation offending public morals, and caricatures tending 
to ridicule ideas, persons, or objects worthy of consideration. 

5. The marks already used by someone else under the authority of the proper 
certificate as long as the said certificate has not become void according to the provi- 
sions of the present decree. 

6. The mark's which on account of their resemblance to other marks already 
granted may lead to confusion or error. 

7. Marks relating to any kind of religious worship, if it appears that the mark 
offends even unintentionally the said worship. 

8. The portraits of living persons unless with their permission, and the portraits 
of dead persons if their relatives within the fourth civil degree do not make opposi- 
tion. 

Art. 6. The use of trade-marks is only obligatory for articles of gold and silver, 
chemical and pharmaceutical products, and any other product or article to be 
determined by special rules. 

Title II. 

Ownership of trade-marks and industrial drawings and models. 

Art. 7. No one shall have the right to enforce the ownership of trade-marks or 
industrial drawings or models if he is not provided with the proper certificate and 
shows that he has complied with the provisions of the present decree. 

Art. 8. When two or more persons apply for the same mark the right to use it 
shall belong to the one who first filed the application according to the day and hour 
on which it appears that it was filed. 

Art. 9. Nq one shall have the right to request or acquire more than one mark for 
the same industry or the same class of products. 



294 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Art. 10. Spanish manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, or business men or 
companies composed of Spaniards shall be the only ones entitled to obtain a certifi- 
cate of ownership of trade-marks or industrial drawings or models. 

Foreigners owning in the ultramarine provinces industrial establishments shall 
enjoy for their products the benefits of this decree if they comply with its provisions. 

Art. 11. Foreigners residing outside of Spain shall have the right granted to them 
by the treaties concluded with their respective nations, and if there is no treaty a 
strict reciprocity shall be observed. 

Title III. 

Legal effects of the certificates of otvnership of trade-marks and industrial drawings or 

models. 

Art. 12. Those who, in conformity with the provisions of this decree, should 
obtain a certificate of ownership of trade-marks or industrial drawings or models 
shall have power — 

1. To criminally prosecute before the courts, subject to the provisions of the penal 
code and of the present decree, those who should use their marks, industrial draw- 
ings, or models counterfeited or imitated in such a way as to cause them to be taken 
as genuine; those who should use marks containing indications capable of deceiving 
the purchaser about the nature of the product; those who, without competent author- 
ity, should use genuine trade-marks or industrial drawings or models; and, lastly, 
those who, without counterfeiting the trade-mark, detach it from some article and 
aflix it to another. 

2. To bring civil action before the courts of justice to recover damages against 
those who have counterfeited or imitated the trade-mark, industrial drawing, or 
model. 

3. To sue for damages the merchant who takes away from the article without the 
express consent of the owner the trade-mark or distinctive sign affixed by him; but 
nothing shall prevent any person from adding to the trade-mark another mark or sign 
of his own or of his establishment. 

4. To oppose the granting of a certificate of ownership of trade-mark, industrial 
drawings, or models when requested, if it prove to be equal to his own or so similar 
to it as to cause the purchaser to be deceived. 

Art. 13. The granting of a certificate of ownership of trade-marks, drawings, or 
models shall be always understood without prejudice to the right of third parties. 

Art. 14. Foreign articles with Spanish marks are forbidden, and they shall be 
confiscated upon their arrival at the custom-houses of Spain. This provision shall 
also apply to cases in which the marks are completely new, counterfeited, or simply 
imitated. The right of the owner of a trade-mark to prosecute civilly and criminally 
the counterfeiter or imitator of his trade-mark shall be always preserved. 

Art. 15. The property protected by the certificates of trade-marks, industrial 
drawings, or models shall be considered for the purposes of transfer or conveyance 
and for all other purposes of law exactly on the same footing as all personal property. 

Criminal actions in this matter shall be barred by limitation in the manner and 
form established by the penal code. 

Art. 16. For the better protection of the assignees of trade-marks, industrial draw- 
ings, and models, information shall be given to the governor-general of each island 
by the respective provincial governors of every transfer, whether by contract or by 
descent of the trade-mark, drawing, or model. A certified copy of the deed of trans- 
fer or of the provision of the will by which it was conveyed shall be filed within 
the period of three months, to be counted from the date of the transfer, and the 
deeds shall be recorded in the Royal Economical Society. 



handbook: of cuba. 295 

Title IV. 
Extinction of the right of ownership of trade-marks. 

Art. 17. The certificates of ownership shall become extinct and terminated at the 
expiration of fifteen years, to be counted from the date of their concession; but they 
may be renewed by exactly the same process as was followed for their acquisition. 

Akt. 18. The certificate shall also become extinct — 

1. By the dissolution or extinction of the corporation to which they belong. 

2. By final decision of .a court of competent jurisdiction, though in this case the 
extinction refers only to the party against which the decision was given. 

3. Upon petition of the owner. 

4. When the object of the trade-mark has not been put into operation in the Span- 
ish dominions within the time established by this decree. 

5. When the owner has failed to exercise for one year and one day the industry 
or business to be protected by the trade-mark, unless he proves that the suspension 
was due to superior force. 

6. By the failure to comply with all the other requisites established by this decree. 

Art. 19. Applications for a certificate of ownership shall be dismissed if the for- 
malities required by this decree are not duly observed within the thirty days subse- 
quent to the date on which they were filed, if tlie failure depends upon causes 
imputable to the applicant. 

Art. 20. The declaration that a trade-mark is extinguished under the provisions 
of article 18, Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 6, corresponds to the colonial secretary in case that 
the mark was granted for the colonial possessions, but notice to the director of the 
respective economical society is to be previously given. Against the decision of the 
colonial secretary a claim can be presented within twenty days before the section of 
the council of state which is in charge of suits against the Government. 

When the extension of the trade-mark is founded upon failure to work it for one 
year and one day, the declaration of the fact corresponds to the courts of justice upon 
motion of a legitimate party. 

Corporations which by virtue of this decree may be owners of trade-marks may 
apply at any time for the declaration of extinction upon proper proof being filed for 
this purpose. Questions arising in these cases in regard to the ownership or posses- 
sion of the trade-mark shall be decided by the courts of justice to which the executive 
authority shall send the record, giving notice thereof to the respective parties. 

Title V. 

Formalities for issuing certificates. 

Art. 21. The ownership of trade-marks recognized by this decree shall be acquired 
by the certificate herein provided for and the compliance with all other provi- 
sions of the present decree. 

Art. 22. In order that the manufacturers may enforce the responsibility incurred 
by the infringers of their privileges secured by a trade-mark, they shall previously 
request the governors of their respective Provinces to issue in their favor the corre- 
sponding certificate. The application shall be accompanied by a statement showing 
the class of mark adopted, the ciphers, letters, and signs of which the mark consists, 
the articles upon which it is to be stamped or aflfixed, and the name of the owner. 
A duplicate drawing exactly representing the mark shall also accompany the appli- 
cation. The same application shall have to be made when the desired certificate 
refers to the ownership of an industrial drawing or model. 

Art. 23. When the manufacturers desire to observe secrecy as to the methods 
employed in the stamping of the mark or industrial drawing, they shall place a 



296 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

description of the method and process in a sealed envelope, which shall not be opened 
unless in case of litigation. 
Art. 24. The provincial governors shall keep a register, in which they shall enter — 

1. The daj' and hour on which the application is filed. 

2. The name of the interested party or his attorney. 

3. The profession, domicile, or business of the party claiming the ownership, and 
the class of articles, .merchandise, etc., to which the mark or industrial drawing or 
model is to be affixed. 

4. A particular description of the trade-mark, industrial drawing, or model to be 
covered by the cei'tificate of ownership, this description to be accompanied by one 
of the drawings which the applicant has to file under the provisions of article 22, 
shall be affixed. 

These entries shall be numbered in regular order and a duplicate copy shall be 
made of each one. 

Art. 25. Each application shall be kept with all other papers and copies of papers 
relating to the same subject, in order to form a complete record of the case. 

Art. 26. The provincial governors shall give to the applicants a certified copy of 
the entry made in the register under article 24, showing the date of the filing of the 
application; and within six days and under their responsibility they shall forward 
to the governor-general the application and accompanying documents, one of the 
copies to which article 24 refers and the duplicate of the drawing which, according 
to article 22, the applicant must present. 

Art. 27. Upon the advice of the Royal Economical Society, which in its turn 
shall ask the municipal council of the city of Habana for an opinion, in matters 
relating to tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, and matches, upon the question whether the 
trade-mark, industrial drawing or model has or has not been previously used or 
whether it belongs to a third party, the manufacturer shall be given a certificate 
showing that he has filed and registered his trade-mark, industrial drawing, or model, 
the form and circumstances of the mark to be indicated with due precision and 
clearness. 

Art. 28. The applicant shall pay for the issue of the patent, under penalty of 
extinction of the privilege, |12.50 in the proper stamped paper, the stub of which 
shall be added to the record. The certificate shall be signed by the governor-general 
and recorded in the register to be kept for that purpose in the division of industry 
and commerce in the office of the general secretary. 

Art. 29. The copy of the drawing which, according to article 26, the provincial 
governors have to forward to the governor-general in order that the certificate may 
be issued to the interested parties, shall be kept in the archives of the Royal Eco- 
nomical Society. A list of all the titles of certificates shall be published every three 
months in the Gaceta, and a general list of the same shall be published at the end of 
the year. In case of litigation the original drawing or the certified copy thereof, to 
which article 26 refers, shall be accepted before the competent court. 

Art. 30. As the registration of foreign marks is to be regulated by international 
conventions concluded to that effect with the respective Governments, all the appli- 
cations filed for that purpose shall be referred for the proper decision to the Govern- 
ment of His Majesty. 

Art. 31. There shall be a special register kept, with all the formalities established 
in article 24, for the registration of marks belonging to foreigners not residents of 
the Spanish dominions, and the entries made in that register shall set forth the 
name of the country where the industrial, commercial, or agricultural establishment 
of the owner of the mark, drawing, or model is situated, and also the diplomatic 
convention by which reciprocity in this matter has been established. 

Art. 32. The manufacturers, business men, merchants, or agriculturalists who, 
residing in tlie Spanish peninsula or in the islands adjacent thereto, should like to 



HATSTDBOOK OF CUBA. 297 

secure in the transmarine provinces the ownership of the marks which distinguish 
their trade-marks, drawings, or models, shall, if their trade-marks are authorized 
and recognized and if they themselves have been provided with the proper certifi- 
cates of ownership issued in accordance with the laws regulating this matter, apply 
to the colonial secretary, stating their wishes and appending to their application an 
authentic copy of their title papers and duplicate drawings, representing the mark, 
drawing, or model belonging to them. 

A copy of these papers shall be sent by the colonial secretary to the governor- 
general of the island where the ownership of the mark, drawing, or industrial model 
is to be guaranteed in order that the rights of the interested parties shall be respected 
and protected according to the provisions of the present royal decree. They shall 
also have the right to apply directly or through their attorney to the governors- 
general of the provinces in which they desire the ownership of their marks, drawings, 
or models to be secured. 

Art. 33. The governors-general of the colonial possessions shall enter in a special 
register, in strict chronological order, both the applications filed before him directly 
by interested parties residing in Spain, the adjacent islands, or other colonial posses- 
sions and those which may be forwarded to them by the colonial secretary. In all 
cases they will give to the interested parties, should they so desire, the proper cer- 
tificate of receipt, and they shall publish the concession in the Gaceta of the capital, 
as provided by article 29. 

Art. 34. The ownership of the marks, drawings, and industrial models granted by 
the secretary of fomento shall become extinct in the colonial possessions on the same 
date on which the Conservatory of Arts published the extinction thereof in the Gaceta 
of Madrid. 

Art. 35. All persons domiciled in the colonial posessions who have obtained cer- 
tificates of ownership for their marks, industrial drawings, or models in conformity 
with this decree; shall cause this right to be recognized in all the Spanish dominions. 
For that purpose they shall file a petition addressed to the governor-general setting 
forth their desire in this respect, and the governor-general shall refer the application 
with his report and a copy of the certificate granted, as well as the drawings repre- 
senting the mark, drawing, or industrial model, to the colonial secretary, who, 
according to the circumstances of the case, shall either refer the matter to the secre- 
tary of fomento or to the governors-general of the other possessions. 

Art. 36. In issuing the certificates of ownership of trade-marks the following shall 
be observed: 

1. That merchants asking for certificates referring to one and the same identical 
mark, although applied to different objects, shall be furnished Avith a single certifi- 
cate only, which shall set forth the different applications the trade-mark may have. 

2. That manufacturers who desire to use different marks (although somewhat 
similar.) to be applied to the same article for the purpose of distinguishing their 
respective qualities or for any other reason shall be granted a certificate for each 
change or variation made in the -mark expressing the special use of each one, and 
they shall be required to pay the fees established in article 28 as many times as 
certificates are issued. 

3. That manufacturers requesting the use of trade-marks for themselves or for their 
sons or partners, in case they have established themselves abroad, shall, if all the 
marks are actually in use, be given as many certificates as there are marks; but the 
said certificates shall contain the name of the person in whose favor the certificate is 
issued, so that in case his father or partner retires from business the name of the 
owner may be known. The fees established by this decree shall be as set forth in 
the article immediately preceding for each one of the certificates of issue. 



298 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Title VI. 

The publication of trade-marks, industrial drawings, or models and descriptions, drawings, 

or facsimiles of the same. 

Art. 37. The secretary of the governor-general shall cause, during the second half 
of the months of January, April, June, and October, a list of all the certificates of 
trade-marks, industrial drawings, or models granted during the previous quarter to 
be published in the official Gaceta. This publication shall clearly express the object 
of the trade-mark. 

The provincial governors shall order, as soon as the said lists appear in the Gaceta, 
the same to be reprinted in the official bulletins or nevs^spapers of the locality; and 
if there is none, they shall be made public by announcements or bills displayed in 
public places. 

Art. 38. The descriptions and drawings of trade-marks, industrial drawings, and 
models shall be exhibited and at the disposal of the public in the offices of the secre- 
taries of the Royal Economical societies during the hours that the presidents of the 
same may designate. 

Title VII. 

Penal provisions. 

Art. 39. The following shall be punished by executive order with a fine of from $15 
to |45, without prejudice to the civil and criminal actions which may arise from 
their acts: 

1. Those who should use a trade-mark, industrial drawing, or model without hav- 
ing obtained the corresponding certificate of ownership. 

2. Those who, although legitimate owners of a trade-mark, should apply it to arti- 
cles different from those for which it was granted. 

3. Those who should detach from an article of merchandise the trade-mark of the 
producer or owner without his express consent. 

4. Those who should use a mark after the lapse of ninety days subsequent to the 
publication of the present decree without having complied with the provisions of the 
same in its transitory articles. 

5. Those who should use a trade-mark transferred to them without having proved 
and entered the transfer within a period of ninety days. 

Failure to pay these fines shall subject the delinquent party to imprisonment at 
the rate of one day for each dollar of the fine. 

Art. 40. The following shall be punished with a fine of from |45 to $135 and to 
imprisonment as established above in case of failure to pay the fine: 

1. Those who should commit a second offense, this fact to be established by proof 
that they were punished for the same offense during the five preceding years. 

2. Those who should use a trade-mark forbidden by law. 

Art. 41. The provisions of article 228 of the Penal Code in force in Cuba and 
Porto Rico shall be applicable to those who should use counterfeited marks imitating 
in such way the genuine ones that the consumer may be led into error or confusion. 

Art. 42. Those who should change wholly or in part their own trade-marks, 
industrial drawings, or models without requesting and obtaining due authority to do 
so shall forfeit their ownership of a mark. 

Art. 43. The action to denounce the violations of this decree shall be public. 



HANDBOOK OV CUBA. 299 

Title VIII. 
Competent jurisdiction in matters of trade-marks. 

Art. 44. The service relating to the ownership of trake-marks shall be in charge 
of the civil governors of the transmarine provinces, under the dependency of the 
respective governors-general. 

It shall be the duty of the civil governors — 

1. To keep a register of trade-marks, drawings, etc. 

2. To take cognizance of all cases of application for a trade-mark, and matters 
incident thereto, and submit them with their report to the governor-general. 

3. To enforce the decisions of the superior authority. 

4. To reprint in the official bulletins or in the newspapers of their respective 
localities, and if there is no bulletin or newspaper, to give publicity by means of 
announcements or bills, to be posted where they may be seen by all, to the lists of 
certifiates of ownership of trade-marks granted by the Government during the pre- 
ceding quarter, as soon as said list appears in the Gaceta. 

It shall be the duty of governors-general — 

1. To decide all cases of applications for trade-marks and the matters incidental 
thereto, including those which under the Penal Code give rise to a criminal action. 

2. To issue the certificates of ownership of the trade-marks. 

3. To Inspect the service and registration of trade-marks. 

4. To decide when and in what cases the penalties established by articles 39 and 
40 are to be imposed, and communicate their decisions to the governor of the prov- 
ince, in order that he may enforce them, and give the proof thereof by forwarding, 
within the next fifteen days, the stubs or portions of the stamped papers with which 
the fines were paid. 

5. To see that the present decree be faithfully complied with. 

8. To recommend to the colonial secretary the measures of general character 
which may be useful to take for the better execution of this decree. 
It shall be the duty of the colonial secretary — 

1. To decide, on appeal, all cases of trade-marks taken to him. 

2. To decide finally and without recourse all claims against the governors-general 
arising out of fines fmposed by them, provided that the complaint is made within 
sixty days from the date of the imposition of the fine. This period of sixty days 
shall not admit of extension. 

3. To make and promulgate proper rules for the execution of this decree, and take 
all other measures of general character which may be deemed necessary. 

The division of the council of state vested with the power to act as a tribunal in 
cases to which the Government is a party shall take cognizance of the claims filed 
against the colonial department under the provisions of Title IV of the present decree. 

Art. 45. Questions in regard to the ownership and possession of trade-marks 
shall fall under the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts of justice, and the action of the 
executive authorities shall be confined to the exhibition of the drawings of the trade- 
mark and to the recognition, in due time, of the rights of ownership of the party in 
whose favor the decision of the court has been rendered. The trade-mark shall not 
become extinct by the action of time during the litigation. 

Title IX. 

Transitory provisions. 

Art. 46. Manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, or the companies formed by 
them, who may have been using a trade-mark without first securing the certificate 
of ownership, shall have to ask for it within ninety days, to be counted from the 
date of the present decree, and to abide, furthermore, by the provisions of the same. 



300 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Aet. 47. The registration of the trade-marks made in strict compliance with the 
provisions of the decree of March 8, 1880, and of the royal order and regulations of 
March 31, 1882, shall be valid for the effects of article 12 of the present decree. 

Notwithstanding this, and in order to secure uniformity for the registration of 
trade-marks, the interested parties shall have to come again within one year — a 
period which shall not be extended — and apply for a new registration in the manner 
and form established by article 11 of the aforesaid regulations of March 31, 1882. 

Art. 48. The failure on the part of any person or company referred to in the two 
preceding articles to apply for the certificate of registration as therein directed shall 
be construed as a waiver of renouncement of the right to do so, and the ownership 
of the trade-mark shall be granted to whomever may come and ask for it. 

Art. 49. In order to secure that the collection of trade-marks, drawings, etc., to 
be kept in the royal economical societies be as complete as desired, all merchants, 
manufacturers, agriculturists, business men, etc., who are in lawful possession of a 
trade-mark shall have to forward to the respective society within the period of ninety 
days two copies of their respective marks. The failure to do so shall render them 
liable to the fine established by article 39. 

Art. 50. The Government shall publish such rules as may be necessary for the 
execution of this royal decree. 

Art. 51. All previous laws and regulations which may be in opposition to the 
present royal decree are hereby repealed. 

Art. 52. The Government shall endeavor to secure the recognition by foreign gov- 
ernments of the ownership of the Cuban trade-marks, either by including it in the 
commercial treaties which may be concluded by it or by special conventions to that 

effect. 
Art. 53. The Government shall report to the Cortes the promulgation of this royal 

decree. 
Done at El Ferrol on the 21st day of August, 1884. 

Alfonso. 
By the King: 

Manuel Aguirre de Tejada, 

Colonial Secretary. 



II. 

Civil order No. 511. 

Headquarters Department op Cuba, 

Hahana, December 18, 1900. 
The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of 
agriculture, commerce, and industries, directs the publication of the following order: 

I. Paragraph 2, article 36, of the royal decree of the 21st of August, 1884, referring 
to concession and use of trade-marks in the island of Cuba, is hereby annulled. 

II. In place and stead of said paragraph, the following is hereby declared to be in 
force from and after +he date of the publication of this order: 

Manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, and industrials applying for registration 
of the same marks having distinguishing minor details, with the object of pointing 
out the various classes and grades of one product, or for any other motive, shall be 
furnished with a certificate of registration for each variation of the mark, stating 
their special use, and charging them the corresponding fees ($12.50 United States 
currency) for each certificate issued. 

H. L. Scott, Adjutant- General. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 301 

III. 

Civil order No. 512. 

Headquarters Department op Cuba, 

Hahana, December 19, 1900. 
The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of jus- 
tice, directs the publication of the following order: 

I. Paragraph 1, article 12, of the royal decree of August 21, 1884, is hereby amended 
by adding at the end thereof the following: 

' ' Those who should buy or sell receptacles stamped in a permanent manner with 
a trade-mark, which is registered in the name of another person, except when the 
sale is made to the latter person or his authorized agent; and those who should use 
such receptacles, and fill them for the purpose of sale with articles of the same or 
similar nature. In such cases the receptacles shall be seized, and the infringer shall 
forfeit them to the benefit of the owner of the trade-mark." 

II. Article 287 of the Penal Code is hereby amended by adding to the end thereof 
the following: 

" The same penalty shall be incurred by those who buy or sell receptacles stamped 
in a permanent manner with a trade-mark which is registered in the name of another 
person, or who use such receptacles, placing therein for sale the same or similar pro- 
ducts as those for which said receptacles are used by the owner of the trade-mark. 
In such cases the receptacles shall be seized, which the infringer shall forfeit to the 
owner of the trade-mark. ' ' 

III. This order shall take effect January 1, 1901. 

H. L. Scott, Adjutant- General. 

Translation of the Penal Code in force in Cuba and Porto Rico. 

Art. 287. The counterfeiting of seals, marks, tickets, or countersigns which indus- 
trial or commercial establishments make use of shall be punished with imprison- 
ment at hard labor {presidio correccional) in its minimum and medium degrees. 



IV. 

Civil order No 18. 

Headquarters Department op Cuba, 

Hahana, January 17, 1901. 
The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of agri- 
culture, commerce, and industries, directs the publication of the following order: 

I. Article 28, of the royal decree of August 21, 1884, referring to concession and 
use of trade-marks in this island, is hereby amended to read as follows: 

"Art. 28. The petitioner shall pay for fees, on the issuance of the title of owner- 
ship, $12.50 United States currency. Said payment shall be made at the proper 
office of finance within a term of thirty days from the date of the notification of the 
concession of the trade-mark, design, or industrial model to the party concerned, 
under the penalty of forfeiture, presenting at the department of agriculture, com- 
merce, and industries the documents attesting such payment, so that said depart- 
ment may issue the title mentioned, which shall be entered on the register opened 
for this purpose at the bureau of commerce and industries of said department." 

II. A term of forty-five days from the date of publication of this order is hereby 
granted to those who having obtained in Cuba concessions of trade-marks, designs, 



302 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

or industrial models are not in possession of the corresponding title of ownership to 
apply for them at the department of agriculture, commerce, and industries, and pay 
thereon, upon delivery, the proper fees, as prescribed by regulations, under the 
penalty of forfeiture. Those using trade-marks, designs, or industrial models with- 
out the corresponding title of ownership will pay the fine which they may have 
incurred, in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph I, article 39, of the royal 
decree of August 21, 1884. 

H. L. Scott, Adjutant- General. 



V. 

Oivil order No. 105. 

Headquarters Department of Cuba, 

Hahana, Ajjril 19, 1901. 

The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of agri- 
culture, commerce,' and industries, directs the publication of the following order: 

Article 10 of the royal decree of Axigust 21, 1884, governing the concession and use 
of trade-marks in this island is hereby amended to read as follows: 

"Art. 10. The certificate of ownership of any mark, design, or industrial pattern 
can only be obtained, for the purposes of this decree, by manufacturers, merchants, 
agriculturists, or by persons engaged in any other industry, whether they be Cubans 
or foreigners established in Cuba, and also by companies composed of any of such 

persons." 

J. B. Hickey, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 



VI. 

Civil order No. 160. 

Headquarters Department of Cuba, 

Hubana, June 18, 1901. 
Under instructions from the secretary of war, the military governor of Cuba directs 
the publication of the following order: 

1. The rights of property in patents, copyrights, and trade-marks duly acquired 
in Cuba, the Isle of Pines, and the island of Guam pursuant to the provisions of 
Spanish law and existing in one or all of said islands on April 11, 1899, shall continue 
unimpaired for the period for which they were granted, and the owner or owners 
thereof shall be protected and their rights therein maintained: Provided, That the 
original or a duly certified copy of the patent or of the certificate of registration of 
the trade-mark or copyright is filed in the office of the governor of the island wherein 
such protection is desired. 

The certificates of registration of trade-marks issued prior to April 11, 1899, by a 
Spanish provincial registry or the national registry of Spain, at Madrid, or the inter- 
national registry at the bureau of the union for the protection of industrial property, at 
Berne, Switzerland, shall receive such recognition and credence as were accorded them 
in said islands under Spanish sovereignty; and an original certificate or duly certified 
copy thereof shall be received and filed in the oflice of the governor of the island for 
all purposes connected with this order witliout further or other certification. 

2. The rights of property in patents, including design patents granted by the 
United States, and in trade-marks, prints, and labels duly registered in the United 
States Patent Office and in copyrights duly registered in the office of the Librarian of 
Congress shall be maintained and protected by the government of civil affairs in the 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 303 

islands above named: Provided, That a duly certified copy of the patent or of the 
certificate of registration of the Qopyright, trade-mark, print, or label is filed in the 
office of the governor of the island wherein such protection is desired. 

3. An infringement of the rights protected by compliance with the provisions of this 
order shall subject the person, firm, association, or corporation guilty of such infringe- 
ment to the civil and penal liabilities created and imposed by such of the laws of 
Spain relating to said matters as remain in force in said islands. 

4. Such provisions of existing orders as are in conflict with this order are hereby 
revoked. 

Edward Carpenter, 
First lAeutenant, Artillery Corps, Aid-de-Camp. 



PROVISIONS RESPECTING PATENTS AND TRADE-MARKS. 



Circular No. 12. 

* 

Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War Department, 

Washington, April 11, 1899. 
The following is published for the information and guidance of all concerned: 
In territory subject to military government by the military forces of the United 
States owners of patents, including design patents, which have been issued or 
which may hereafter be issued, and owners of trade-marks, prints, and labels duly 
registered in the United States Patent Office under the laws of the United States 
relating to the grant of patents and to the registration of trade-marks, prints, and 
labels shall receive the protection accorded them in the United States under said laws; 
and an infringem'ent of the rights secured by lawful issue of a patent or by registration 
of a trade-mark, print, or label shall subject the person or party guilty of such 
infringement to the liabilities created and imposed by the laws of the United States 
relating to said matters: Provided, That a duly certified copy of the patent or of the 
certificate of registration of the trade-mark, print, or label shall be filed in the office 
of the governor-general of the island wherein such protection it desired : And pro- 
vided further, That the rights of property in patents and trade-marks secured in the 
islands of Cuba, Porto Rico, the Philippines, and other ceded territory to persons 
under the Spanish laws shall be respected in said territory the same as if such laws 
were in full force and effect. 

G. D. Meiklejohn, 
Acting Secretary of War. 



II. 

Circular No. 21. 

Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War Department, 

Washington, D. C. , June 1, 1899. 
The following is published for the information and guidance of all concerned: 
Parties who desire protection in territory under government of the military forces 
of the United States for patents, trade-marks, prints, or labels, as provided in cir- 
cular No. 12, Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War Department, should for- 
ward a certified copy of the patent or of the certificate of registration of the trade-mark, 
print, or label, together with a letter of transmittal, to the governor-general, request- 
ing that such copy be filed in his office for reference. 



304 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Upon the receipt of such certii3ed copy the governor-general will issue his formal 
receipt therefor and forward it to the party filing the same. 

A fee of $1 will be charged for filing such copy, and should be inclosed with the 
letter of transmittal to the governor-general. 

The requirements for filing under the provisions of circular No. 12, above referred 
to, apply only to patents duly issued and to trade-marks, prints, or labels duly reg- 
istered in the United States Patent Office, under the laws of the United States. The 
only certification required is that issued by the Commissioner of Patents. Commu- 
nications should be addressed to the governor-general of Cuba, Habana, Cuba, or 
governor-general of Porto Rico, San Juan, P. R., or governor-general of the Philip- 
pine Islands, Manila, P. I. 

G. D. Meiklejohn, 

Assistant Secretary of War. 



III. 

Circular No. 34- 

Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War Department, 

Washington, September 25, 1899. 
The following is published for the information and guidance of all concerned: 
So much of circular No. 21, of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War 
Department, dated June 1, 1899, as requires the payment of a fee for filing certified 
copies of patents or certificates of registration of trade-marks, prints, or labels is 
hereby rescinded. 

Said circular No. 21 is hereby further amended by the addition thereto of the 
following paragraphs: 

"A power of attorney from the owner thereof, authorizing another, for him and 
in his name, place, and stead, to file a certified copy of a patent or a certificate of 
registration of a trade-mark, print, or label must be filed with such certified copy or 
certificate of registration in each of the islands wherein the protection of such 
patents, trade-marks, prints, or labels is desired. 

"Assignments of patents, trade-marks, prints, or labels, or certified copies thereof, 
must be filed in the same manner as herein provided for filing certified copies of 
patents and certificates of registration of trade-marks, prints, or labels." 

G. D. Meiklejohn, 
Assistant Secretary of War. 



IV. 

areolar No. 38. 

Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War Department, 

Washington, March 9, 1900. 
The following is published for the information and guidance of all concerned: 
So much of circular No. 34, Division of Customs and Insular. Affairs, as rescinded 
the provisions of circular No. 21, same series, relating to fees is hereby revoked. 

Said circulars, except so much of circular No. 34 as is hereby revoked, shall, on 
and after this date, be given full force and effect in Cuba, Porto Rico, and the 
Philippine Islands. 

G. D. Meiklejohn, 
Acting Secretary of War. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. _ 305 

V. 

Headquarters of the Division of Cuba, 

Habana, May 14, 1000. 
Whereas the portion of circular No. 34 of the Pivision of Customs and Insular 
Affairs of the War Department, relating to fees has been repealed, all that is provided 
in circular No. 21 of the same division remains, therefore, in force. The fee of |1, in 
the currency of the United States, shall thus be paid for each certificate of patent, or 
of trade-mark, engraving, print, etc., asked to be inscribed. The fee shall be inclosed 
in the petition. 



VI. 

Headquarters Department op Cuba, 

Habana, May 13, 1902. 

Whereas the seventh clause of the transitory rules contained in the constitution 
adopted by the constitutional convention of Cuba provides as follows: 

"All laws, decrees, regulations, orders, and other rulings which may be in force 
at the time of the promulgation of this constitution shall continue to be observed in 
so far as they do not conflict with the said constitution, until such time as they may 
be legally revoked or amended; " and 

Whereas certain of the laws, decrees, regulations, orders, and other rulings made 
and promulgated by the military governor of Cuba and now in force are in terms 
specifically applicable and apparently limited to the military government and the 
officers thereof: 

Now, therefore, to the end that the foregoing provision may be fully operative, and 
that none of the matters and things to which said laws, decrees, regulations, orders, 
and rulings relate shall be, or appear to be, without regulation and control after the 
termination of the military government and pending action thereon by the govern- 
ment established under the said constitution when the same shall have taken effect: 

It is hereby declared and ordered that each of the said laws, decrees, regulations, 
orders, and other rulings made and promulgated by and under the military govern- 
ment of Cuba shall be deemed to be general and continuing in its character, and to 
be applicable to and binding upon all ofiicers of the Government of Cuba, under 
whatsoever names or titles, who shall succeed the ofl&cers of the military government, 
and to continue in force and effect under whatsoever government shall exist in Cuba 
until such time as it may be legally revoked or amended pursuant to the provisions 
of the constitution aforesaid. 

Leonard Wood, Military Governor. 



VII. 

Decree of the Cuban Government on Americayi patents. 

[Gaceta de la Habana of June 23, 1902.] 

. Department of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industries, 

Habana, June 21, 1902. 
The military government of the United States having ended, by virtue of which, 
according to the express text thereof, circulars Nos. 12 and 21, of April 11 and June 1, 
1899, respectively, of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs of the War Depart- 
ment, Washington, relative to the registration of American brands and patents, are 
without value or effect, inasmuch as said circulars were issued for the territories sub- 
ject to military government by the military forces of the United States, I have resolved 

159a— 05 20 



306 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

that patents and brands of all kinds, prints, labels, and trade-marks registered in the 
Patent Office of the United States, the deposit of which, for their protection in this 
island, is requested in the future, shall, from this day on, be registered in the Depart- 
ment under my charge, if same is proper, through the medium of the same proce- 
dure followed for the registration of those of other countries and payment of $?•- 
currency for patents and §12. 50 currency for brands, prints, etc., or, that is, tl 
same fees paid for all others, domestic and foreign, instead of $1 currency, fixed by th 
said circular No. 21, with respect to those of the United States. 
This is published in the Gaceta de la Habana for general information. 

Emilio Terry, 
Secretary of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industries. 

REGISTRATION OF PATENTS. 

The legation of Cuba at Washington, under date of May 27, 190J 
furnished to the United States Government a translation of tb- 
instruction regarding the procedure to be followed for the deposit i 
Cuba of trade-marks and patents granted abroad, as follows: 

For the deposit and resulting protection in this Republic of any foreign paten 
the party in interest shall apply therefor to the department of agriculture, industr;. 
and commerce of the said Republic, personally or through an attorney, and deliv'.' 
a certified copy of his inscription in the country of origin, with the respective expla: 
atory memorial. The signature of the commissioner of patents or of the head of tl 
office in the country of origin by whom the said copy is attested shall be autheni 
cated in the form prescribed by decree No. 48, dated April 17, 1903, of the Preside: 
of this Republic, in order to be valid at law. These documents shall be accomp 
nied by a translation of the same into the Spanish language, made or subscribed b 
any one of the notaries public of the Republic authorized to that effect, or by i 
diplomatic or consular officer residing at the place whence the said documents com 
These documents, as well as the plans of the patent, shall be submitted in duplicat 
the second copy of the translation may be signed by the party in interest. If tl;'; 
patentee wishes to request the deposit of his patent in this Republic through a thij'l 
party, he shall forward at the same time the corresponding power issued in favor , i 
the person that is to represent him. In order to have legal value, the power i 
attorney shall also be authenticated in the form above indicated. After the accej'T- 
ance of the deposit in this Republic, if it takes place, notice of such acceptance shr i 
be given to the applicant (patentee or attorney), so that he may remit to the burea - 
of revenues and taxes of the fiscal zone of Habana the dues amounting to $35 
United States currency, and upon presentation in the department of agricultui 
industry, and commerce of the receipt that shall be delivered by the aforesaid trej 
ury bureau, there shall immediately be issued a certificate of deposit of tlie patei 
dealt with in the name of the j)atentee. 

In the case of marks of all kinds, industrial designs, etc., the procedure will 
practically the same as for the deposit of patents. The only difference is that t. 
amount of dues in such cases is reduced to $12.50 in United States currency, and th 
after the deposit shall have been accepted, and before the certificate of the sa 
deposit shall be issued, the applicant shall submit five additional copies of the cc 
responding diagram of the mark or industrial design. In order to expedite such 
matters in the Republic of Cuba, it is recommended, for convenience sake, that some 
person be appointed here (at Habana) with sufficient powers to attend to them in 
this city (Habana). 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 307 

The following explanatory statement was also furnished: 

The authentication of patent documents, of the United States and other countries, 
which it is desired to deposit in the Republic of Cuba, for the purpose of protection, 
is required only for one of the two copies that must be presented for deposit, the 
second copy being a mere transcript of the first and signed by the applicant "or his 
attorney; the certification by the proper public officer of the translations into the 
Spanish language of one of the copies that are to accompany the originals in the for, 
eign language will also be sufficient. For marks, industrial designs, etc., the same 
procedure must be followed — that is, the five additional copies of the corresponding 
diagrams, as they have been registered in the patent office of the country of origin- 
must be delivered after the granting of the deposit. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, ETC.— MISCELLANEOUS DATA. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

The Metric System of weights and measures is the official and legal 
system of Cuba. 

It was implanted by a law of the Spanish Parliament dated the 22d 
of April, 1882, and ratified by order No. 70 of the American military 
government on the 8th of June, 1899, providing for the adoption 
in all the Spanish territories and possessions of a system "whose fun- 
damental unity will be equal in longitude to the ten-millionth part 
of the arch of the meridian extending from the North pole to the 
equator and which will be called 'Meter.'" 

The following tables will amply explain the system, as compared 
with that in use in the United States : 

RECIPROCAL TABLES. 
LINEAR MEASURE. 



1 "meter =1.09 yards. 

2 meters=2.19 yards. 

3 meters=3.28 yards. 

4 meters=4.38 yards. 

5 meters=5.47 yards. 



6 meters = 6.56 yards. 

7 meters= 7.66 yards. 

8 meters= 8.75 yards. 

9 meters = 9.84 yards. 
10 meters=10.94 yards. 



SQUARE MEASURE. 



1 centiare =1.20 square yards. 

2 centiares=2.39 square yards. 

3 centiares=3.59 square yards. 

4 centiares=4.78 square yards. 

5 centiares=5.98 square yards. 



6 centiares= 7.18 square yards. 

7 centiares= 8.37 square yards. 

8 centiares= 9.57 square yards. 

9 centiares=10.76 square yards. 
10 centiares=11.96 square yards. 



DRY AND FLUID MEASURES. 





Liters. 


Inches. 


Feet. 


Gallons. 


Bushels. 


Milliliter l 


0.001 
.01 

.1 

1 

10 

100 

1,000 

10, 000 


0.061 
.61 
6.1 

61.02 
610. 28 




0. 00022 
.0022 
.022 
.22 
2.2 
22 
220 
2,200.967 




Centiliter 






Deciliter. ... 




0. 0027 


Liter . . . 


0. 0353 

.353 
3.53 
35. 317 
353. 17 


.0275 


Decaliter 


.275 


Hectoliter 


2.751 


Kiloliter (cubic meter) .. 
Myrialiter 




27. 512 


. 


27. 5121 









309 



310 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



RECIPROCAL TABLES— Continued. 
LINEAR MEASURE. 



Meters. 



Reciprocals. 



Inch... 
Foot... 
Yard .. 
Pole... 
Chain.. 
Furlong 
Mile... 



0. 02539954 
. 3047945 
. 91438348 
5. 029109 
20. 11644 
201. 1644 
1, 609. 3149 



39. 37079 
3. 280899 
1. 093633 
. 1988424 
. 0497106 
. 004971 
. 00062138 





CUBIC MEASURE. 






Cubic meters. 


Reciprocals. 


Cubic inch .. 


0. 000016386 
. 0283153 
. 764513 


6, 027. 05 


Cubic foot 


35. 31658 


Cubic yard 


1. 30802 







SQUARE MEASURE. 



Square inch 
Square foot 
Square yard 

Perch 

Rood 

Acre 

Square mile 



Square meters. 



0. 000645137 
. 09289968 
. 836097 
25. 29194 
1,011.678 
4, 046. 71 
2, 589, 894. 5 



Reciprocals. 



1, 550. 591 
10. 7643 
1. 196033 
. 0395383 
. 00098846 
. 00024711 
. 00000038612 



MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 






Lifers. 


Reciprocals. 


Gill 


0. 141983 

. 56793 

1. 13586 

4. 543457 

9. 086915 

36. 34766 

290. 7813 


7. 043094 


Pint 


1. 760773 


Quart 


. 8803868 


Gallon 


. 2200967 


Peck 


. 1100483 


Bushel 


. 027512 


Quarters 


. 003439 







WEIGHTS. 



Drachm avoirdupois 

Ounce avoirdupois 

Pound avoirdupois 

Hundredweight avoirdupois 

Ton avoirdupois 

Grain troy 

Pennyweight troy 

Ounce troy 

Pound troy 



Grams. 



1. 771836 
28. 349375 
453. 59265 
50, 802. 38 
1,016,047.5 

. 06479895 
1.555175 
31. 1034615 
373. 2419 



Reciprocals. 



0. 564383 
. 0352739 
. 00220462 
. 00001968 
. 000000984 
15. 43235 
. 6430146 
. 03215073 
. 00267923 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 311 

RECIPROCAL TABLES— Continued. 

SQUARE MEASURE. 

1 hectare = 2.47 acres. 6 hectares =14. 83 acres. 

2 hectares= 4.94 acres. 7 hectares =17. 30 acres. 

3 hectares = 7.41 acres. 8 hectares =19. 77 acres. 

4 hectares= 9.88 acres. 9 hectares =22. 24 acres. 

5 hectares =12. 36 acres. 10 hectares =24. 71 acres. 

SOLID MEASURE. 

1 cubic meter =1.31 cubic yards. 6 cubic meters = 7.85 cubic yards. 

2 cubic meters =2. 62 cubic yards. 7 cubic meters = 9.16 cubic yards. 

3 cubic meters=3.92 cubic yards. 8 cubic meters=10.46 cubic yards. 

4 cubic meters=5.23 cubic yards. 9 cubic meters=11.77 cubic yards. 

5 cubic meters=6.54 cubic yards. 10 cubic meters=13.08 cubic yards. 

LIQUID MEASURE. 

1 liter =0.22 gallon. 6 liters=1.32 gallons. 

2 liters= .44 gallon. 7 liters=1.54 gallons. 

3 liters= .66 gallon. 8 liters =1.76 gallons. 

4 liters= .88 gallon. 9 liters=1.98 gallons. 

5 liters =1.10 gallons. 10 liters=2. 20 gallons. 

MEASURES OF CAPACITY— DRY. 

1 hectoliter =0.73 fanega =0.34 quarter. 

2 hectoliters =1.46 fanegas= .69 quarter. 

3 hectoliters=2.19 fanegas=1.03 quarters. 

4 hectoliters =2. 92 fanegas=1.38 quarters. 

5 hectoliters=3.64 fanegas=1.72 quarters. 

6 hectoliters =4. 37 fanegas=2.06 quarters. 

7 hectoliters=5.10 fanegas=2.41 quarters. 

8 hectoliters=5.83 fanegas=2.75 quarters. 

9 hectoliters =6. 56 fanegas=3.10 quarters. 
10 hectoliters =7. 29 fanegas=3.44 quarters. 

WEIGHTS. 

1 metrickilogram = 2.20 pounds avoirdupois. 

2 metrickilograms= 4.41 pounds avoirdupois. 

3 metrickilograms= 6.61 pounds avoirdupois. 

4 metrickilograms= 8.82 pounds avoirdupois. 

5 metrickilogram s=l 1.02 pounds avoirdupois. 

6 metrickilograms=13.23 pounds avoirdupois. 

7 metrickilograms=15.43 pounds avoirdupois. 

8 metrickilograms=17.64 pounds avoirdupois. 

9 metrickilograms=19.84 pounds avoirdupois. 
10 metrickilograms=22.05 pounds avoirdupois. 



312 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

RECIPROCAL TABLES— Continued. 
SURFACE MEASURE. 

1 square kilometer =0.04 square league =0.39 square mile. 

2 square kilometers=: .07 square league= .77 square mile. 

3 square kilometers= .11 square league=1.16 square miles. 

4 square kilometers= .15 square league=1.54 square miles. 

5 square kilometers = .18 square league =1.93 square miles. 

6 square kilometers= .22 square league=2.32 square miles. 

7 square kilometers= .26 square league=2.70 square miles. 

8 square kilometers = .30 square league =3. 09 square miles. 

9 square kilometers= .33 square league=3.48 square miles. 
10 square kilometers = .37 square league =3. 86 square miles. 

Besides the above, there are still in existence the following weights 
and measures, appertaining to the old system : 

The arroba (dry) =25.3664 pounds. 
The arroba (liquid) = 4.263 gallons. 

Caballeria . =33^ acres. 

Fanega (dry) = 1.599 bushels. 

Fanega (liquid) =16 gallons. 

Libra (pound) = 1.0161 pounds. 

Vara = 33.384 inches. 

ENGINEERS' TITLES IN THE REPUBLIC. 

Under date of November 11, 1902, United States Minister Squiers, 
at Habana, transmitted the following information to the Department 
of State of the United States, concerning the formalities required for 
the exercise of an engineer's profession in the Republic of Cuba: 

The order (No. 81, March 18, 1902) authorizing engineers with foreign titles to 
exercise their profession, serve in public office, and fulfill official commissions upon 
presentation of said titles to the department of public instruction, is repealed. The 
authorization granted to engineers, mentioned in order No. 81, as well as those sub- 
sequently granted by the department of public instruction, remain in force. Accord- 
ing to order No. 90 (June 23, 1899) and modifications on December 5, 1900, engineers 
having titles issued by foreign universities shall be admitted on their incorporation 
in the University of Habana, provided their titles fulfill the requirements. The 
incorporation of titles shall be effected in the form established for the school of 
sciences, the examinations being upon matters studied in the school of engineers. 
Cubans holding titles as engineers issued prior to this law by foreign schools of recog- 
nized fame and reputation may, on presentation of said titles to the department of 
public instruction, exercise their profession without examination. Agricultural 
engineers from the school of agriculture in Habana, in order to exercise their pro- 
fession freely in Cuba, shall present their certificate of degree to the department of 
public instruction, and upon proof of its authenticity and personal identification they 
shall receive a title authorizing them to exercise their profession in Cuba. Profes- 
sional men holding foreign titles, who have not previously revalidated them, shall 
not exercise their professions nor discharge any professional duty — national, provin- 
cial, or municipal — dating from the promulgation of this law (October 28, 1902). The 
engineers above referred to are alone excepted. 



HANDBOOK OF GUBA. 313 

FOREIGN INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

Foreign insurance corporations are permitted to transact business 
in Cuba in accordance with the laws of the place of organization, in so 
far as their capacity to make contracts is concerned, and in accordance 
with the provisions of the code of commerce relating to the establish- 
ment of their houses, their business transactions, and the jurisdiction 
of the courts. The preliminary requirements are: 

1. Registration in the commercial registry, which consists in filing 
in the said office a statement showing {a) the corporate name or title; 
(S) the nature of the business proposed to be conducted; (c) the date 
when it proposes to commence operations; (d) its domicile — i. e,, loca- 
tion of its principal office and branches; (e) a certified and duly authen- 
ticated copy of the charter or certificate of incorporation and the 
by-laws, with a certificate of the Cuban consul, if any, or due proof 
that the corporation is incorporated according to the laws of the place 
of its establishment; (f) the general powers of the agents in charge of 
the branch office. 

2. A deposit in cash or securities, after approval by the secretary 
of finance, in the treasury of the island, according to the following 
schedule: Life - insurance companies, $25,000; casualty, $25,000. 
When this deposit is made and approved the fact is officially pub- 
lished and the company is duly authorized to do business, and there- 
after pays no further license fees for that purpose, provided that the 
capital stock is issued abroad, but is liable to general taxes based upon 
the amount and nature of the business transacted. 

WATER POWER OF CUBA. 

Water power has been very little employed in Cuba, although a 
great many rivers and creeks of considerable capacity exist to supply 
power. 

The Almendares River, which passes through the outskirts of 
Habana on the west side, supplies the city and suburbs at present- 
with 1,200 horsepower for a paper mill, brewery, and other turbines 
already established of 250 horsepower each. By going farther up 
more power may be obtained without causing great damage to the 
others below. Mayabeque River, in Guines, Province of Habana, 
was, until a few years ago, supplying power to run two sugar planta- 
tions. The water employed then is now used in irrigation. In the 
San Juan River, Matanzas, there is a turbine established to run an 
ice factory. 

The following cities, Habana, Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Santiago de 
Cuba, Guines, Bayamo, Jovellanos, Sagua, Sancti Spiritus, Car- 
denas, San Antonio de los Banos, and Batabano, have aqueducts and 
obtain their water supply directly from the springs. In other places 



314 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 



water is general!}^ obtained from wells, rain cisterns, and directly from 
the ri\^ers and creeks near hj. Wells and natural springs are mostly 
used. Aqueducts are being- planned in Camaguez, Pinar del Rio, 
Union de Reyes, Colon, Santa Clara, and Santiago de Cuba. 

REAL ESTATE VALUES AND ENCUMBRANCES IN 1902. 

From the most reliable sources and data obtainable the following 
estimate is made of the value of real estate in the entire island, together 
with mortgagees and censos existing thereon, as shown by the records: 

RURAL REAL ESTATE. 



Province. 


Value of prop- 
erty. 


Amount of 
mortgage in- 
debtedness. 


Censos. 




866, 144, 820 
61,398,560 
38, 762, 435 
5,543,873 
55, 468, 364 
26,463,829 


$17, 794, 390 
33,742,470 
8, 347, 428 
2, 374, 589 
38, 374, 568 
5, 378, 325 


87, 340, 920 




9, 740, 530 




4, 342, 587 




936, 463 




3,243,783 




188, 634 






Total 


254,581,881 


106,018,770 


25, 542, 737 







CITY REAL ESTATE. 



Habana 

Matanzas 

Pinar del Rio 

Puerto Principe . 

Santa Clara 

Oriente 



Total 



8106, 978, 435 
24, 354, 865 
4, 276, 784 
4, 456, 348 
24, 235, 563 
14,476,593 



178,778,588 



96,374,874 
4, 643, 652 
634, 470 
574, 584 
3, 344, 560 
1, 344, 566 



106,916,206 



811,352,467 
1,346,800 
298, 450 
350, 386 
498, 486 
280, 474 



14, 126, 663 



RECAPITULATION. 

Total value of real estate, rural and urban 8433, 360, 469 

Total mortgage existing 212, 934, 976 

Total censos existing 39, 669, 400 

Total encumbrances, mortgages, and censos 252, 604, 376 



TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS IVIADE BY THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA. 

Belgium. — Extradition treaty, October 29, 1904. 

England. — Extradition treat}^, October 3, 1904. 

Italy. — Treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation, December 
29, 1903. 

Mexico. — Postal convention, April 30, 1904. 

United States. — Reciprocity treaty, December 11, 1902; convention 
as to coaling and naval stations, February 16, 1903; permanent treaty, 
Maj^ 22, 1903; convention as to lease of coaling and naval stations, 
July 2, 1903; postal convention, June 16, 1903; extradition treaty, 
April 6, 1904. 

Cuba has adhered to the convention of Brussels of December 14, 
1900, as to trade-marks, on November, 7, 1904, and to the Universal 
Postal Union on August 20, 1902. 



CHAPTER XVII. 

BOOKS RELATING TO CUBA. 

[Compiled by Mr. A. P. C. Griffin of the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C] 



A., (C.) Mdximo Gomez, Maceo y proyectos revolucionarios. Por un Venezolano. 

[Anonymous.] Caracas, 1884. 28 pp. 8°. 
[A. Y Z., F. de] Las supuestas negpciaciones. Contestacion al c. Jose de Armas y 
C6spedes. [New Orleans? 1871] cover-title, 17 p. 24^ cm. 
" Advertencia " signed "F. de A y Z." 
Dated N. Orleans, enero 5 de 1871. 
An answer to an article which appeared in "La Revoluci6n." 

Abbot, Abiel. Letters written in the interior of Cuba, between the mountains of 
, Arcana to the east, and of Cusco to the west, in the months of February, 

March, April, and May, 1828. Boston, Bowles & Dearborn, 1829. xv, 
(1), 256 pp. 8°. 
Abbott, John Stevens Cabot. South and north; or, Impressions received during a 
trip to Cuba and the South. New York, Abbey & Abbot, 1860. 352 pp. 
12°. 

Pages 38-61 deal with Cuba. 
Una Accion heIioica. [Paris? 186-?] 38 p. 21 cm. 
' Half-title. 

AcosTA Y Albeae, Francisco de. Compendio historico del pasado y presente de 
Cuba y de su guerra insurreccional hasta el 11 de marzo de 1875, con 
algunas apreciaciones relativas & su porvenir, por el brigadier D. Francisco 
de Acosta y Albear. Madrid, 1875. 160 pp. 8°. 
Adan de Yarza, Kamon. Rocas hipogenicas de la Isla de Cuba. 

{In Comision del mapa geol6gico de Espana. Boletin, vol. 20 (ano 1893). pp. 71-88. 
Madrid, 1895. 8°.) 

Agassiz, Alexander. A reconnoissance of the Bahamas and of the elevated reefs 
of Cuba in the steam yacht " Wild Duck." 

(In Museum of comparative zoology at Harvard. Bulletin, vol. 26, pp. 3-203. Plates. 
Diagrams. Folded maps. 8°.) 

Aguayo, a. Espana impenitente. Datos entresacados de su historia, algunos desco- 
nocidos de no pocos Espaiioles; su innegable crueldad de antes y de siem- 
pre; su impotencia en Cuba; abandono de la colonia en un plazo breve, 
segun las seiiales. Ibor City, Tampa, 1897. 8°. 

Aguayo, Alfredo M. Tratado elemental de geografia de Cuba para usa de las 
escuelas, por Alfredo M. Aguayo y Carlos de la Torre y Huerta . . . 
Habana, Lib. e imp. "La moderna poesia," 1905. 2 p. 1., 200 p. illus. 
(inch maps) 27 cm. 

[Aguilera, Francisco V. , Chespedes and Ramon] Notes about Cuba. Slavery. I — 
African slave trade. II — Abolition of slavery. Ill — Inferences from the 
last Presidential message. The revolution. IV — Forces employed by 
Spain against Cuba. V — Condition of the Revolution. VI — Spanish 
anarchy in Cuba. VII — Conclusion. [New York, 1872] 54 pp. 8°. 

315 



316 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

AuBBAR Y Laea, Fbancisco de. Informe sobre el "Proyecto de un canal de desagiie 
• para la cindad de la Habana." 

[No title-pagej 31 pp. (Real Academia de Ciencias m^dicas, fisicas y naturales de la 
Habana. Sesi6n publica ordinaria del 28 de septembre de 1879) 

El Album. T. 1-12; 1838-39. Habana, 1838-39. 12 v. in 4. 16°. 
Editors: 1888, L. Caso y Sola; 1832-39, R. de Palma. 

A[lcala] Galiano, Dionisio. Cuba en 1858. Por Dionisio A. Galiano . . . 

Madrid, Impr. de Beltr<in y Vinas, 1859. 254 p. 22 cm. 
Alcazar, Jose de. Historia de Espana en America (Isla de Cuba) Madrid, 

Herres, 1898. 181 pp. plates, portraits. 8°. 
-Alcover, Antonio Miguel ... El periodismo en Sagua; sus manifestaciones. 

(Apuntes para la historia del periodismo cubano . . . Con ilustraciones) 

Habana [Tip. "La Australia"] 1901. 2 p. 1., v, 227, [1] p., 1 1. incl. 

illus., port, l?^^ cm, 
Alcover [y Beltran], A.ntonio Miguel, 1875- . . . Bayamo <su tomaj posesion 

6 incendio>- 1868-69. Reseiia historica y comentarios oportunos . . . 

Habana, 1902. 4 p. 1., 103 p. incl. illus., port. 23 J cm. 

"Premiada con 'menci6n honoriflca' en el certamen del Llceo de Villaclara. — 1902." 

[Aldama, Miguel de] Cuba before the United States. Remarks on the Hon. 
Charles Sumner's speech, delivered at the Republican convention of Mas- 
sachusetts, the 22d September, 1869. Adopted and approved by the Cen- 
tral Republican Junta of Cuba and Porto Rico. New York, Styles & Cash, 
1869. 39 pp. 8°. 

On the slavery question as affecting the Cuban cause in the United States. 

[ and EcHEVEERiA, Jose Antonio] Facts about Cuba. Published under 

authority of the New York Cuban Junta. New York Sun job printing 

office. 1870. 31 pp. 8°. 
[ ] Facts about Cuba. To the Congress of the United States of 

America now assembled. January, 1875. [New York, JJ'. Ponce de 

Uon], 1875. (?) 36 pp. 8°. 

Pages 33-36 contain "Constitution of the Republic of Cuba," 1869. 

Alexander, Sir James Edward. Transatlantic sketches, comprising visits to the 
most interesting scenes in North and South America and the West Indies. 
In two volumes. London, Richard Bentley, 1833. Illustrated. 8°. 
Volume 1, pp. 315-369 contain an interesting account of Cuba, its people, statistics, etc. 

Alfonso, Pedro Antonio. Memorias de un Matancero. Apuntes para la historia 
de la Isla de Cuba, con relacion d la ciudad de San Carlos y San Severino 
de Matanzas . . . Matanzas, Imprenta de Marsal y ca., 1854. 232, (8) 
pp. folded chart. 12°. 

Alfonso, Ram6n M. ... Viviendas del campesino pobre en Cuba, por el Dr. 
Ramon M. Alfonso. La vivienda en procomun (casa de vecindad) por el 
Dr. Diego Tamoyo. Habana, Libreria 6 imp. "La moderna poesia,'' 
1904. 31 pp. 21| cm. 

At head of title: Tercera Conferencia nacional de beneficencia y correcci6n. 

Allen, Lewis Leonidas. The island of Cuba; or. Queen of the Antilles. Cleve- 
land, Harris, Fairbanks & co., 1852. 26 pp. 8°. 

Allen, R. The great importance of the Havannah, set forth in an essay on the 
nature and methods of carrying on a trade to the South Sea and the 
Spanish West Indies. London, 1762. 8°. 

Almanaque mercantil para el afio 1869 [-1874] Ano 7-12. Habana, Imp. y lib. 
de B. May y ca. [etc.], [1868-1874] 6 vols. 16°. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. SlT 

Altamira y Grbvea, Eafael. De historia y arte (estudios criticos) por Rafael Alta- 
mira y Orevea . . . Madrid, V. Sudrez, 1898. viii, 400 pp. 19^ cm. 
Contents. — Advertencia preliminar. — Adiciones & la ensenanza de la historia: I. Manue- 
critos de la Biblioteea nacional. II. Autores espanoles impresos. III. Bibliografi« 
modema. Archivos, biblioteeas y museos de Espana. El problema de la dicta- 
dura tutelar en la historia. Libros de "Viajes" norteamerieanos referentes h 
Espafla. La cuestion de Cuba y los Estados Unidos en 1850. Viaj es por Espana. Hip. 
pan61ogos 6 hispan6filos. La psicologia de la juventud en la novela moderna. Li=« 
primera condici6n del critico Yxart, critico. Teorla del descontento. El Teatro 
de PiSrez Gald6s. Teatro libre. La literatura, el amor y la tesis. La educaci6n 
sentimental. La fisologia del amor. La antologia de poetas hispano-americanos. 
Notas breves. La descentralizacion cientlfica. ApSndices. 

Ambas Amekicas, revista de educacion, bibliografia i agricultura, bajo los auspicios 
de D. F. Sarmiento. v. i, num. 1-3; 1867-feb. 1868. Nueva York, 
Hallet y Breen, 1867. 1 v. 8°. 
Andrews, [W. S.] Andrews's illustrations of the West Indies. London, Day & 
son [1861] 2v.ini. pi. (partly col.) 2J7x37i^ cm. 
Views, with descriptive letter press. 

Contents.— Y. 1. Sailing directions for the Caribbean sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Florida.- 
V. 2. Description of the islands in the Caribbean sea. Gulf of Mexico, and Florida. 

Ampere, Jean Jacques Antoine. Promenade en Am^rique, Etats-Unis — Cuba— 
Mexique. Paris, Mich^ Levy frers, 1855. 2 vols. 8°. 

Andreini, J. M. Puerto-Principe; an interesting issue of stamps in Cuba [by] J. M„ 
Andreini. Chicago, The Blue sky press [1904] 1 p. 1., 11-57 p., 1 L 
17 cm. 

"Reprinted from ' Mekeel's weekly stamp news.' " 

Andueza, Jose Maria de. Isla de Cuba pintoresca, historica, polftica, literaria, mer 
cantil e industrial. Recuerdos, apuntes, impresiones de dos epocas. Edi 
cion ilustrada. Madrid, Boix, 1841. vii, 182, (2) pp. Plates. 8°. 
La anexion de Cuba y los peninsulares residentes en ella. Por un Cubano. New" 

York, imprenta de J. Mesa, 1853. 23 pp. 8°. 
Anghiera, Pietro Martire d'. Extraict ov recveil des isles nouuellemet trouuees 
en la grand mer oceane ou temps du roy Despaigne Fernad & Elizabeth 
sa femme, faict premierement en latin par Pierre Martyr de Millan, & 
depuis translate en languaige f ran coys. Item trois narrations : dont la pre- 
miere est de Cuba, & commence ou fueillet 132. La seconde, qui est de la 
mer oceane, commence ou fueillet 155. La tierce, qui est de la prinse de 
Tenustitan, commence ou fueillet 192. On les vend a Paris . . . che;? 
Simon de Colines . . . [Colophon:] Imprime a Paris, par Simon de Co 
lines . . . Mil cinq ces trente-deux, le douziesme iour de lanuier [1532] 
8 p. L, 207 numb. 1. 19 cm. 
Title-page in facsimile. 

Title and body of the book in italic type; dedications and index in roman. Flore 
ated initials. 
• 1. 1-131 contain an abridgment of Decades 1-3, dedicated by the anon, translator tc 

Charles, due d' AngoulSme, third son of FfanQois I. Then follows, 1. 132, a new ded- 
ication of the "Trois narrations" to Marguerite, daughter of Francois I, in whicX 
the translator says that the first of these three ' ' narrations ' ' is translated from Petei 
Martyr's Latin account of Cuba, dedicated to Pope Leo X, later printed at Basl^ 
[i. e. from Decade 4, which had appeared under the title "De nvper svb D. Carole 
repertis insulis, simulatqs incolarum moribus ..." Basileae, 1521]. and that the, 
other two narrations are from the Latin of Pierre Sauorgnan [l. e. the Latin versiou 
by Petrus Savorgnanus of the Spanish narrations of Hernando Cortes] For the texv 
of both Decade 4 and the narrations of Cortes, the translator, however, apparently 
made use of the 1st ed. of Savorgnanus' Latin version of Cortes' second and third 
narration, 1624, containing also Decade 4, presumably intended as a substitute for 
the lost first narration of Cortes:'Tertia Ferdinadi Cortesii Sac. Caesar, et Cath. 
Maiesta. in nova maris oceani hyspania generalis prsefecti pclara Narratio, In qua 



318 HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Anghiera, Pieteo Martire d'., Etc. — Continued. 

Celebris Ciuitatis Temixtitan expugnatio, aliaruqs Prouintiaru, qu^ defecerant re- 
cuperatio continetur . . . preterea In ea Mare del Sur Cortesium detexisse receset, 
quod nos Australe Indieii Pelagus putam, & alias innumeras Prouintias Aurifodinis, 
Vnionibus, Variisq, Gemmarum generibus refertas, Et postremo illis innotuisse in 
eis quoqj Aromatac [!] ontineri, Per Doctore Petrum Sauorgnanu Foroiuliensem . . . 
Ex Hyspano ydiomate in Latinum Versa. Coloplion: Impressum In Imperiali Ciui- 
tate Norimberga, Per Discretum, & prouidum Virum Pcederieu A rthemesium Ciuem 
ibidem, Anno Virginei partus Millesimoquingentesimo vigesuno quarto. Recto of 
1. 1: De Rebus et Insulis nouiter Repertis a Sereniss. Carolo Imperatore, Et Variis 
earum gentium moribus. (Title quoted from Harrisse) - 

Decade 4, as well as Savorgnanus' Latin version of the 2nd and 3rd narrations of Cor- 
tes, are also included in " De insvlis nvper inventis Perdinandi Cortesii ad Carolum 
V. Rom. Imperatorem Jiarrationes, cum alio quodam Petri Martyris ad Clementem 
VII. Pontificem Maximum consimilis argumenti libello ..." Coloniae [Sept. 
1632] , but the French translation antedates this by eight months. 

Las Antillas ante el parlamento Espanol. vol. i. Madrid, imprenta de Antonio 
Perez Dubrull, 1873. 16°. 8. 

"Fragmentos de los discursos pronunciados en el Senado y Congreso de la liltima 
legislatura de 1872, y documentos importantes relativos & la cuestion de ultramar, 
copiado testualmente del Diario de las sesiones." 

Anuario del comercio, de la industria, de la magistratura y de la administracion de 
Espaiia, sus colonias, Cuba, Puerto-liico y Filipinas, Estados Hispano- 
Americanos y Portugal, con anuncios y referencias al comercio e industria 
nacional y extranjera, Madrid, librerfa editorial de Bailly-Bailliere 6 hijos, 
1897-1905. 5 vols, in 10. 4°. 
Library has: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1904, 1905. 

Aparicio, Ambrosio de. Informe presentado A la Junta general de la empresa de los 
caminos de hierro de Cardenas y Jiicaro celebrado el dia primero de marzo 
de 1859, por . . . Ambrosio de Aparicio, d nombre y por conducto de la 
Comision mista de investigacion creada . . . octubre de 1858. Habana, B. 
May y c''., 1859. 15 p. 22 cm. 

[ With Sociedad general del cr6dito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 1861] 
Binder's title: Varias Sociedades anonimas. Habana. 

Aramburo y Machaelo, Mariano. Personalidad literaria de Dona Gertrudis Gomez 
de Avellaneda. Madrid, imprenta Teresiana, 1898. (4), 285, (3) pp. 16°. 

[Arango, Jose de.] Nadie se asuste por ^a segunda y ultima esplicacion mia sobre 
[sic] la independencia de la Isla de Cuba. Habana, Dias de Castro, 1821. 
42 pp. 12°. 

Arango, Napoleon. The Cuban rebellion, its history, government, resources, object, 
hopes, and prospects. Address of General Napoleon Arango to his coun- 
trymen in arms. [n. p., 1870] [2] p. 44 x 30 cm. 
Caption title. ^ 

4 columns to the page. 

Arango, Rafael de. El dos de mayo de 1808. Manifestacion de los acontecimi- 
entos del parque de artilleria de Madrid en dicho dia. Madrid, ii»prenta 
de la Compania tipogrdfica, 1837. 26 pp. 12°. 

Arango y Molina^ Rafael. Contribucidn d la Fauna malacologica cubana. Havana, 
G. Montiel y co., 1878. 280 + (35) pp. 8°. 

Reprinted from Anales de la Real Academia Havana, 1878-80. 

Arango y ParrejIo, Francisco de, 1765-1837. Obras del Excmo. Senor D. Fran- 
cisco de Arango y Parreno. Habana, Howson y Heinen, 1888. 2 v. 
port. 232" cm. 

Cover of vol. ii dated 1889. 

" Elogio histdrico del excelentisimo Sr. D. Francisco de Arango y Parreno escrito por 
D. Anastasio Carrillo y Arango y por encargo de la Sociedad patridtica de la 
Habana" (lirst pub., with preface by Andres de Arango, Madrid, 1862): v. 1, p. 
[iii]-liiL 



I 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 319 

•^Arantave, Enrique de, comp. Gufa telegrdfica de la isla de Cuba . . . Ha'bana, 
v H. E. Heinen, 1871. 2 p. 1., 127 pp. 24°. S. 

t^y Arjtas y Cespedes, Jose de. The Cuban revolution. Notes from the diarj^ of a 
;■ Cuban. Translated. New York, 1869. 38 pp. 8°. 

;v Manifiesto de un Cubano al gobierno de Espana. Paris, E. Denn6 Schmitz. 

32 pp. 8°. 

Position of the United States on the Cuban question. New York, 1872. 

20 pp. 8°. 
Arrate, Jose Martin Felix de. Llave del nuevo mundo antemural de las Tndias 
occidentales. La Habana descripta: noticias de su furdacion, aumentos y 
estado. Compuesta por D. Jose Martin Felix de Arrate, natural y regidor 
perpetuo de dicha ciudad. Habana, 1830. (4), xvi, 274 pp. 8°. 

The first xvi pages are taken up with an introduction by the Real Sociedad patri6tica 
de amigos del pais, under whose auspices the work was.published. Arrate's history 
was written in 1761, but remained in manuscript until its publication by the above- 
named society as " cuadernos 1-4 of a projected series entitled ' Materiales relatives 
&, la historia de Cuba.' " The title is an allusion to the important geographical and 
strategetical situation of the capital of Cuba. 
Reviewed in Amer. Q. Rev., vol. 10, p. 230. 

Llave del Nuevo mundo antemural de las Indias Occidentales. La Habana 

descripta: noticias de su fundacion, aumentos y estados. Compuesta por 
D. Jose Martin Felix de Arrate . . . 

{In Cowley, Rafael, ed. Los tres primeros historiadores de la isla de Cuba. Habana, 
1876-77. 25icm. t. 1, pp. 1-616. ) 

Contains notes with historical descriptions by the editors. 

Aerate ^J Acosta], Jose Martin Felix de, d. 1766. Llave del Nuevo mundo 
antemural de las Indias Occidentales. La Habana descripta: noticias de 
su fundacion, aumentos y estado. Compuesta por D. Jose Martin Felix 
de Arrate ... 

(In Sociedad economica de amigos del pais, Havana. Memorias de la secci6n de 

historia... Habana, 1830-31. 21cm. t.l.pp. [lJ-347.) 
Published for the first time from ms. written about 1761. 
pp. [275] -347: Notas de la comision especial de redaccion A la historia de Arrate. 

— ^AsHWORTH, Henry. A tour in the United States, Cuba, and Canada. By Henry 
Ash worth, esq. A course of lectures delivered before the members of the 
Bolton mechanics' institution. London [etc.] A. W. Bennett [etc., 1861] 
198 pp. 12°. 
-An authentic .journal of the siege of the Havana. By an ofl&cer. To which is 
prefixed, a plan of the siege of the Havana, shewing the landing, encamp- 
ments, approaches, and batteries of the English army. With the attacks 
and stations of the fleet. London, Printed for T. Jefferys [etc.] 1762. 44 
pp. fold. map. 8°. 

{In The capture of Havana in 1762 by the forces of George III . . . [Cambridge] 1898. 
12°. [1]) 

Bachiller y Morales, A. Antiguedades Americanas. Noticias que tuvieron los 

Europeos de la America dntes del descubrimiento de Cristobal Colon. 

Habana. Oficina del Faro Industrial. 1845. 133, (3) pp. Folded 

map. 8°. 
I editor. Coleccion de articulos, tipos y costumbres de la isla de Cuba, por los 

mejores autores de este genero. Obra ilustrada por Victor Patricio de 

Landaluze. Fototipia taveira. 1" serie. Miguel de Villa. Habana. 

[1881.] 255 pp. Plates. F°. 
. Cuba: monografia historica que comprende desde la perdida de la Habana 

hasta la restauracion espanola . . . Habana, M. de Villa, 1883, 214 pp., 

1 1. pL, map, 8°, 



320 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Badeau, Adam. Suggestions for a commercial treaty with Spain, with especial refer- 
ence to the island of Cuba. [Jamaica, L. I., 1884.] 56 pp. 8°. 

Baeza GozALpES, Federico. Contribucion d la historia medico-quirurgica de la 
ultima campana de Cuba. Hospital militar de Alfonso XIII. Estadistica 
de operaciones practicadas y traumatismos asistidos en la clinica de heri- 
dos y cirujia general del medico mayor, Federico Baeza Gozalbes . . . 
Valencia, Vda. 6 hijos de E. Pascual, 1899. 153 p. tab. 23J cm. 

Bain, A[mos] G. The personal ways of Cubans and original poems, by A. G. Bain. 
Chicago, H. Robinson, printer, 1904. 26 p. incl. port. 16 cm. 

.Balrd, Robert. Impressions and experiences of the West Indies and North America 
in 1849. Philadelphia, Lea & Blan chard, 1850. 354 pp. 12°. 

Pages 99-132 are devoted to Cuba. Touches on the question of acquisition by the 
United States. 

Baker, Frank Collins. A naturalist in Mexico, being a visit to Cuba, Northern 
Yucatan, and Mexico. With maps and illustrations. Chicago, David 
Oliphant, 1895. (8) 145 pp. 8°. 

[Baldwin, James] 1841- Our new possessions: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Philip- 
pines. New York, Cincinnati [etc.] American book co., 1899. cover- 
title, 32 p. illus. 8°. 

(Current events for school use) Published anonymously. 

Ballou, Maturin Murray. Due south or Cuba, past and present. Boston and 
New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1885. ix, 316 pp. 12°. 

History of Cuba; or. Notes of a traveller in the tropics. Being a political, 

historical, and statistical account of the island, from the first discovery to 
the present time. Boston, Phillips, Sampson and company, 1854. 230 
pp. Plates. 12°. 
[Bally, Victor] i. e. FRANgois Victor, 1775-1866. Monographie historique et m6di- 
cale de la fievre jaune des Antilles, et recherches physiologiques sur les 
lois du d^veloppement et de la propagation de cette maladie pestilentielle; 
par Al. Moreau de Jonnes . . . [Paris] Impr. de Feugueray, 1821. 24 
pp. 21 cm. 

" Extrait de la Revue m^dicale." 
Signed: Victor Bally. 

Criticism of the work by Moreau de Jonnes published under the above title in the 
preceding year (Paris, Migneret, 1820) cf. Qu^rard, Supercheries litt6raires 
d6voil6es. 

Balmaseda, Francisco Javier, 1833- Los conflnados a Fernando Poo e impresiones 
de un viaje A Guinea, por Francisco Javier Balmaseda. Contiene ademds 
el folleto del mismo autor intitulado Bases para los estatutos de la sociedad 
"Los amantes de la libertad," con indicaciones sobre la fundacion de la 
Republica cubana. 2. ed. Habana, A. M. Lamy, 1899. 276, iii, [3] pp. 
21J cm. 

Edited by Antonio Martin Lamy. 

Enfermedades de las aves 6 ensayos sobre patornitologia y consideraciones 

sobre higiene publica en la isla de Cuba. Habana, Imprenta y libreria de 
E. F. Casona, 1889. xii, 548 pp. 12°. 
Bangs, John Kendrick, 1862- Uncle Sam trustee, by John Kendrick Bangs . . . 
New York, Riggs publishing company, 1902. xv pp., 1 1., 342 pp. front., 
pi., port. 2I2 cm. 

The result of the author's observations of the work of the U. S. Army in Cuba, together 
with a brief sketch of the history of Cuba. 

Babbie du Bocage, Alexandre. Coup-d'ceil sur I'ile de Cuba. 

(In Soci6t6 de geographic. Bulletin, vol. 5, pp. 437-454. Paris, 1826. 8°. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 321 

Barcelona. Instituto de fomento del trabajo nacional. Comision de propaganda. 

... La cuestion cubana. Contestacion a las exposicionea que han ele- 

vado diversas corporaciones de la isla de Cuba al excmo. Sr. Ministro de 

Ultramar, porla Comisi6n de propaganda del Fomento del trabajo nacional. 

Barcelona, Tipografia hispano-americana, 1890. 98 pp. 242^ cm. ( El 

Economista espafiol. Suplemento al num. 6) 
[Barinetti, Carlo] A voyage to Mexico and Havanna; including some general 

observations on the United States. By an Italian. New York, printed 

for the author by C. Vinton, 1841. x, 139 pp. 8°. 
Bas y Cortes, Vicente. Cartas al rey acerca de la isla de Cuba. Havana, Librerias 

de Abraido y La Cruz verde, 1871. xiii, 237 pp. 8°. 
Bass, W. L. Aziicar de cana (cane sugar). Second edition, vol. i. New York 

City, 1901. xiv, 446 pp. Portrait. Illustrations. 8°. 
Note. — Text in Spanish and English. 

Cuba and sugar; light-colored vs. dark-colored; are the Cubans to be allowed 

to import into the Uaited States a high-grade unrefined light-colored 
sugar, upon the payment of an import duty of $1.65 or $1.75 (per 100 
lbs. ), or is the no. 16 Dutch-standard of color clause to remain in the law? 
Or are the Cubans to be allowed to sell to the American consumers, or 
must they sell only to the sugar trust? W. L. Bass . . . [Washington? 
1902] Cover-title, [17]-103 pp. illus. 23 cm. 
Beaumakchais, Maurice D. de. La doctrine de Monroe. L' evolution de la poli- 
tique des Etats-Unis au xix*' siecle. 2^ Edition revue et augmentee. 
Paris: Librairie de la Soci^te du Recueil general des lois . . . 1898. (2), 
ii, 234 pp. 8°. 
Cuba, pp. 145-193. 

Beauvallet, Leon. Rachel and the new world. A trip to the United States and 
Cub.a. Translated from the French of L6on Beauvallet. New York, Dix, 
Edwards & co., 1856. (2), xiv, 404 pp. 12°. 
Pages 319-379. On "The Queen of the Antilles." 

Becerra y Alfonso, Pedro. El progreso y fomento de la provincia de Pinar del 
Rio y region occidental de la isla de Cuba; por el dr. Pedro Becerra y 
Alfonso. Habana, Impr. el Aerolito, de F. Xiques, 1898. 3 p. 1., ii, [9]- 
213, [4] pp. illus., port., map. 23 cm. 
At head of title: De actualidad. 

Beck, Henry Houghton. . . . Cuba's light for freedom and the war with Spain; 
a comprehensive . . . history of the Spanish kingdom and its latest and 
fairest colony . . . Written and ed. by Henry Houghton Beck . . . 
Philadelphia, Globe Bible pub. co. [1898] 536 pp. front, (fold, map) 
illus. 20 cm. 
Becker, Otto. Patologia y terapeutica del aparato lenticular del ojo. Traducido 
a- del ^lemiin con autorizacion del autor por el Sr. D. Carlos Finlay. Havana, 

C. Monteil y co., 1876. 432 pp. 8°. 
Pages 1-16 wanting. 

Bellett, Daniel. La situation economique de Cuba. 

{In Annales de g6ographie, vol. 5, 1895, pp. 330-334) 

Belot, Charles. La fievre jaune il la Habane: sa nature et son traitem ,nt. Par 
Charles Belot . . . Paris, J. B. Bailliere et fils; New York, Bailliere 
brothers; [etc., etc.] 1865. 3p.l., 160 pp. 22^ cm. ^'^^ 

Observaciones sobre los males que se esperimentan en esta isla de Cuba desde 

la infancia y consejos dados a las madres y al bello sexo. Nueva York, 
en casa de Lanuza, Mendia y c, 1828. 2 vols. 16°, 

159a— 05 21 



I 



322 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Benavides, Antonio, and Alejandro Olivan. Discursos pronunciados en el con- 
greso en la sesion del 9 de diciembre sobre el pdrrafo 17 de la contestacion 
al discurso de la corona. Madrid, Imprenta de D. F. Pascual, 1837. 24 
pp. 12°. 
Benjamin, Judah Philip. Speech on the acquisition of Cuba. Delivered in the 
United States Senate, Friday, February 11, 1859. [Washington, 1859] 
16 pp. 8°. 

No title-page. Half-title. Favorable to purchase of Cuba. 
[Cuban pamphlets, 1822-85, no. 3] 

[Benoist, Charles] 1861- Cuba, Espana y los Estados Unidos . . . Bogotd, Impr. 
de vapor de Zalamea hermanos, 1897. 33 pp. 22 cm. 

A translation, by Baldomero Chico, of an article which was published in the Revue 
des deux mondes, May, 1897, and afterwards appeared as chapter ii of the author's 
"L'Espagne, Cuba et les Etats-Unis," Paris, 1898. 

L'Espagne, Cuba et les Etats-Unis. Paris, Perrin et cie., 1898. xvii, 269 

(2) pp. 12°. 

Reprinted from Revue des deux mondes, May, June, 1894, Oct., Nov., 1897. 

Berthelot, S. Essai historique sur I'lle de Cuba a I'epoque de la d^couverte et 
pendant les premieres ann^es de la colonisation, suivi de 1' analyse de 
I'ouvrage de M. Ramon de la Sagra. 

(In Soci6t6 de geographic, Bulletin, 3. s6rie, vol. 6, pp. 1-45; 341-365. Paris, 1846. 8°.) 

Betancourt [Cisneros], Gaspar, 1803-1866. Addresses delivered at the celebration 
of the third anniversary in honor of the martyrs for Cuban freedom, by 
Gaspar Betancourt . . . and J. S. Thrasher, esq. , at the Mechanics' insti- 
tute hall. New Orleans, Sept. 1, 1854. New Orleans, Printed by Sherman, 
Wharton & co., 1854. 8 p. 21^ cm. 

[Betancourt, Jose Ramon] Las dos banderas. Apuntes historicos sobre la insu- 
rreccion de Cuba. Cartas al excmo. Sr. Ministro de ultramar. Soluciones 
para Cuba. Sevilla, Establecimiento tipogrdfico del Circulo liberal, 1870. 
197 pp. 8°. 

Bishop, Joseph Bucklin. Issues of a new epoch. The coal strike, Panama, Phil- 
ippines, and Cuba. Reprinted from "The International quarterly." New 
York, Scott-Thaw company, 1904. 31 pp. 12°. 

Blairet, Louis. Espagne et Cuba; situation politique financiere, industrielle et 
commerciale; abolition de I'esclavage; conversion de la dette publique 
espagnole; projet d' expropriation du territoirede 1' Espagne. 2. ed., revue 
et augment^e. Paris, [C. Schiller, 1870] 39 pp. 8°. 

Bloomfield, J. H. A Cuban expedition. London, Downey and co., 1896. xi, 296 
pp. 8°. 

Purports to be the history of a filibustering expedition in behalf of Cuban insurgents. 

Blumentritt, Ferdinand. Zur Geschichte des Separatismus der spanischen Colonien. 
(In Deutsche Rundschau, vol. 96, July, 1898, pp. 104-127) 
On Cuba and the Philippines. 

BoLoix, 0. Sucinta noticia del ramo de la cera en la isla de Cuba, a fines de marzo 
del ano de 1815. Habana, oficina de Arazoza y Soler [1815] 10 pp. 4°. 

Bona, Felix de. Cuba, Santo Domingo y Puerto-Rico . . . Con un apendice en 
que se insertan el discurso en el senado de dicho marques de O'Gavan y el 
del Lord Russell en 1850, ambos sobre reforma de la politica ultramarina. 
Por F61ix de Bona . . . Madrid, M. Galiano, 1861. 2 p. 1., 155, [1] p. 
21^ cm. 

Bonnycastle, Richard Henry. Spanish America; or a descriptive, historical, and 
geographical account of the dominions of Spain in the Western hemi- 
sphere . . . Illustrated by a map of . . . the West India islands and an 
engraving, representing the comparative altitudes of the mountains in 
those regions. Philadelphia, A. Small, 1819. 488 pp. Folded maps. 8°. 
Pages 141-147 relate to Cuba. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 323 

BoNSAL, Stephen. The fight for Santiago: the story of the soldiers in the Cuban cam- 
paign from Tampa to the surrender. New York, Doubleday, 1899. 350 pp. 8°. 

The golden horseshoe. New York, Macmillan Company, 1900. pp.316. 12°. 

Note.— Under the title of "The golden horseshoe" Mr. Stephen Bonsai presents 
"Extracts from the letters of Capt. H. L. Herndon, of the 21st U. S. Infantry, on 
duty in the Philippine Islands, and Lieut. Lawrence Gill, D. C, to the Military 
Governor of Puerto Rico. With a postscript by J. Sherman, private, Co. D, 21st 
Infantry." These letters throw much light on the new problems with which the 
United States has had to deal both in the West and the East Indies. 

The real condition of Cuba to-day. New York, Harper & brothers, 1897. 

viii, 156 pp. Frontispiece. Map. 12°. 
The Book op Blood. An authentic record of the policy adopted by modern Spain 

to put an end to the war for the independence of Cuba. (October, 1868, 

to November 10, 1873) New York, N. Ponce de Leon, translator and 

printer, 1873. viii, 66 pp. 8°. 
Bosquejo de la conducta del teniente general D. Miguel Tacon en la isla de Cuba. 

Marseille, impr. des Bouchez freres, 1838. xv, 35 pp. 14j cm. 
Beemer, Fredrika. Hemmen i den Nya verlden. En dagbok i bref, skrifna under 

tvenne ars resor i Norra Amerika och pa Cuba. Af Fredrika Bremer 

. . . 1.-2. delen. Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & soner, 1853. 2 vols. 16°. 
Complete in 3 vols. 

1801-1865. The homes of the new world; impressions of America. By 

Fredrika Bremer, tr. by M. Howitt . . . New York, Harper & bros., 
1853. 2 vols. 12°. 
Breve resumen de los escesos y arbitrariedades cometidas por Don Jose Ildefonso 
Suarez, en el desempeno de la asesoria primera del gobierno de la Habana 
. . . Madrid, Impr. de D. F. Pascual, 1838. 11 pp. 19 J cm. 
Signed " J. P. y L." and "D. v. F." 

Continuacion . . . Madrid, Impr. de N. Sanchiz, 1838. 16 pp. 19J cm. 

Signed "M.R." 

Bride, Ch[akles Louis Marie] La guerre hispano-americaine de 1898, par le capi- 
taine Ch. Bride , . . Paris, R. Chapelot et cie., 1899. 2 p. L, 275 p. 
incl. maps. 22| cm. 

Brinton, Daniel G. The archseology of Cuba. Columbus, 0., 1898. 4 pp. 8°. 
Reprinted from The American Archseologist, vol. 2, no. 10, Oct., 1898. 

Brooks, Edward P. Free trade with Cuba. The Cuban question commercially 
and politically considered. An argument in behalf of the new republic. 
Washington, D. C, 1869. 20 pp. 8°. 
Browne, George Waldo. The Far East and the new America; a picturesque and 
historic account of these lands and peoples . . . Prefaced with a general 
introduction by Edward S. Ellis. Boston, Dana Estes & company, 1901. 
6 vols. Illustrations. Plates (partly colored) Maps. 4°. 

Cuba. Introduction by Leonard Wood, vol. 6, pp. iii-vi; Cuba, pp. 1217-1363. With 
map. 

[Bkownson, Orestes Augustus] Opiniones de un Anglo-Americano acerca de la 
espedicion cubana, y los anexionistas. Traducido del Brownson's Quar- 
terly Review correspondiente al mes de octubre del 1850. Por E. J. G., 
Nueva Orleans, Impr. de La Patria, 1850. 64 pp. 16°. 
Denounces the Lopez expedition. 

Bruges, Roger, graf von. Reiseskizzen aus West-Indien, Mexico und Nord- 
Amerika, gesammelt im jahre 1872. Von Roger, graf von Bruges. Leip- 
zig, Duncker & Humblot, 1873. x, 405, [1] p. 19^^ cm. 



324 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Bryan, William Smith, ed. Our islands and their people as seen with camera and 
pencil. Introduced by Major-General Joseph Wheeler, United States 
Army ; with special descriptive matter and narratives by Jose de Olivares. 
Embracing perfect photographic and descriptive representations of the 
people and the islands lately acquired from Spain, including Hawaii and 
the Philippines . . . The N. D. Thompson publishing co., St. Louis [etc., 
1899-1900] 24 pts. in 1 vol. Illustrations. Colored plates. Photographs. 
Maps. F°. (Educational art series, vol. 13) 

Bryant, William Cullen, 1794-1878. Letters of a traveller; or, Notes of things 
seen in Europe and America. By William Cullen Bryant. 2d ed. New 
York, G. P. Putnam; London, R. Bentley, 1850. 442 pp. 19^ cm. 

3d ed. New York, G. P. Putnam; London, R. Bentley, 1851. 1 p. 1., 

442 pp. front., plates. 22 cm. 

Added t.-p., engr.: The picturesque souvenir. 

[BuECHLER, JoHANN Ulrich] Land- und seereisen eines st. gallischen kantonsbiir- 
gers nach Nordamerika und Westindien, liber Amsterdam nach Baltimore, 
Pitzburg, Gallipoli, Sensanetta, Neu-Vevay, die gegend Wabasch am Ohio, 
Natschet, Battonrouge und Neu-Orleans am Mississippi etc., und wieder 
zuriick nach Amsterdam, in den jahren 1816, 1817 und 1818 ... St. 
Gallen, Zollikofer & Ziihlin, 1819. 228 pp. 16°. 

Lotgevallen van een' Zwitsersch landverhuizer, op zijne reize naar Noord- 

Amerika en de West-Indien en van daar terug, in 1816, 1817 en 1818. 
Vertaald door den uitgever van H. D. Kats dagboek. Haarlem, A. Loos- 
jes, 1819. 1 p. 1., X, 221 pp. 8°. 

[With [Brauw, J. D.] Herinneringen eener reize naar Nieuw York . . . Leiden, 1833] 

Engr. t.-p. 

Translator's preface signed "M. M." 

Buell, Charles E. Industrial liberty. Our duty to rescue the people of Cuba, 
Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands from that greatest of all evils — 
Poverty. Plainfield, New Jersey, 1900. 116 pp. 24°. 

Bureau ®f American Republics. Bulletin No. 10, July, 1891. Import duties of 
Cuba and Puerto Rico. Washington, 1891. v,(l), 114 pp. 8°. 

Commercial directory of Cuba and Puerto Rico. [Washington, Gov't print. 

off., 1892] Ip. 1., 50 pp. 8°. 
(Its Bulletin, no. 38. March, 1892) 

BuRGUETE, RicARDO. ( La guerra! Cuba. ( Diario de un testigo) Por Ricardo Bur- 
guete, del ej^rcito espanol. Barcelona, Maucci; Buenos Ayres, Maucci 
herms.; [etc., etc.] 1902. vii, [9]-204 pp., 1 1. illus. 18 cm. 

Butler, Charles Henry. The responsibility of Spain for the destruction of the 
United States battleship Maine in Havana harbor, Februarj^ 15, 1898, and 
the assumption by the United States, under the treaty of 1898, of Spain's 
pecuniary liability for the injuries to, and deaths of, her officers and crew. 
Argument of Charles Henry Butler, before the Spanish treaty claims com- 
mission, December 18-21, 1901. New York, The Evening Post job print- 
ing house, 1902. vi, 94 pp. 4°. 

There is something in the air. Cuba must be free. Why do we hesitate? 

[New York], 1898. 157 pp. 12°. 

The voice of the nation. The President is right. A series of papers on our 

past and present relations with Spain. New York, George Munro's sons. 
[1898] 124 pp. 16° (Cuba must be free series, no. 1) 

Contents. — The voice of the nation: The capture of the Virginius; How Spain has defied 
us; Intervention the proper course. A cloud of witnesses; What the Presidents 
have said; Cuba must be free. 



I 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 825 

BuTTERFiELD, Carlos. Value of Spanish America tcj the United State?. The pro- 
motion of American commerce; how to make the Monroe doctrine effect- 
ive; the extinguishment of the national debt in a few years, etc., etc. 
New York, Metropolitan job printing and engraving establishment, 1868. 
26 pp. 8°. 

BuTTERwoETH, Hezekiah, 1839- South America; a popular illustrated history of 
the struggle for liberty in the Andean republics and Cuba, by Hezekiah 
Butterworth . . . New York, Doubleday & McOlure co., 1898. xxi, 266 
pp. front, plates, maps. 23j cm. 

C, M. J. Breves reflexiones, acerca de los decretos de nombramiento de una 
comision regia, para informar sobre el estado de la administraci6n de las 
islas de Cuba y Puerto Rico. For D. M. J. C. Madrid, Impr. de Yenes, 
1839. 16 pp. 19J cm. 

Cabrera, R[aimundo] . . . Cubaysus jueces (rectificacionesoportunas). Habana, 
Impr. "El Eetiro," 1887. 281, 31 pp., 1 1. 20 cm. 
A reply to F. Moreno's "Cuba y su gente." 
First edition. 

. . . Cuba y sug jueces (rectificacionesoportunas). 4. ed. Habana, Impr. 

" El Retiro," 1887. 229, 39 pp., 1 1. 20 cm. 
Prologue by Rafael Montoro. 
Documents appended. 

MS. notes. A reply to F. Moreno's " Cuba y su gente." 
First edition, Havana, 1887. 

'. . . Cuba y sus jueces ( rectificaciones oportunas). 7. ed., illustrada y 

aumentada con notas y un ap^ndice. Filadelfia, La Compania Levytype, 
1891. 335 pp., 11. illus., 16 port. 22 J cm. 

A reply to F. Moreno's Cuba y su gente." 

Prologue by Rafael Montoro. 

First edition, Havana, 1887. 

Cuba and the Cubans, by Raimundo Cabrera . . . Tr. from the eighth 

Spanish edition of "Cuba y sus jueces" by Laura Guiteras; rev. and ed. 
by Louis Edward Levy and completed with a supplementary appendix by 
the editor .. . . Philadelphia, The Levytype company, 1896. xvi, 17- 
442 p. illus., plates, ports., fold. map. 20 cm. 

A reply to F. Moreno's "Cuba y su gente." 

Prologue by R. Montoro. 

First Spanish edition, Havana, 1887. 

Mineral resources of Cuba. Translated by L. E. Levy. 

(In Journal of the Franklin institute, vol. 146, July, 1898, pp. 26-45.) 

Caillot, Severin. Cuba libre. Chez Paillet et Godefroid a Reims [1896] (6), 121, 
(4) pp. 8°. 

Calcagno, Francisco. Poetas de color por Francisco Calcagno. Pldcido, Manzano, 
Rodriguez, Echemendia, Silveira, Medina. Habana, Imp. militar de la v. 
de Soler y compafiia, 1878. 54 pp. 8°. 

Callahan, James Morton, 1864- Cuba and Anglo-American relations. From the 
Annual report of the American historical association, for 1897. Washing- 
ton, Government printing office, 1898. (2), 195-215 pp. 8°. 

Cuba and international relations; a historical study in American diplomacy. 

Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins press, 1899. 503 pp. 8°. (Johns Hopkins 
university studies in historical and political science. Extra volume) 
Calvo, Jose Maria. Representacion dirijida & S. M. la reina gobernadora, sobre 
reformas en la administracion de justicia en la Isla de Cuba. Abril de 
1835, Madrid. Imprenta de Don Lazaro Fernandez de Angulo. 16 pp. 
12°. 



326 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Cambios de la Habana cou Londres, Pans, Hamburgo, Amsterdam y Lisboa, y 
mimeros fugos 6 multiplicadores para los negocios de dinero -A premio 
desde cinco A diez y ocho por ciento al ano de 365 dias. Por F. de M. 
Habana, Imprenta de Pedro N. Palmer, 1824. (16), 338 pp. 8°. 

Campbell, Keau. Around the corner to Cuba, by Reau Campbell . . . New York, 
C. G. Crawford, 1889. front., illus., fold, maps, plan. 8°. 

Camps y Feliu, Francisco de. Espanoles e insurrectos. Recuerdos de la guerra de 
Cuba, por . . . D. Francisco de Camps y Feliu. Habana, Estab. tip. de 
A. Alvarez y compaiiia, 1890. 424 p. 25 cm. 
Works consulted : pp. [9]-10. 
Library of Congress, no. F1785.C19. 

2 ed. Habana, Estab. tip. de A. Alvarez y compaiiia, 1890. 424 p. 

26 cm. 

" Bibliograf ia " : p. 9-10 

Oanini, Italo Emilio. Four centuries of Spanish rule in Cuba; or. Why we went to 
war with Spain. A historical sketch. With illustrations from old and 
modern authorities and the latest official statistics about Cuba, Porto Rico, 
and the Philippines. Chicago, Laird & Lee, 1898. (2), 220 pp. pi. 
port. 12°. 

Cantab, pseud. Cuba; a six weeks' tour in 1889. "Nemesis," a poem. By "Can- 
tab." Liverpool, E. Howell; London, Simpkin, Marshall, ltd., 1898. 
2 p. L, 54 p. nar. 12°. 

Cantero, Justo G[erman] Los ingenios; coleccion de vistas de los principales inge- 
nios de aziicar de la Isla de Cuba. Edicion de lujo. El texto redactado 
por Justo G. Cantero ... las Mminas dibujadas del natural y litografiadas 
por Eduardo Laplante . . . Habana, Impreso en la litograffa de L. Mar- 
quier, 1857. [76] pp. 28 col. pL, 8 plans. 54 J cm. 

The Capture of Havana in 1762 by the forces of George III. Being two authentic 
reports of the siege and capture of Havana by the combined forces of 
Great Britain and the American colonies . . . Reprinted from the orig- 
inal, with introduction by E. E. Hale, for the Boston office of Lend-a- 
hand . . . [Cambridge, Co-operative printing society] 1898. cover title, 
40, 35, [2] pp. incl. front, (map) 12°. 

Contents. — An authentic journal of the siege of the Havana. London, 1762. — Mackel 
lar, P. A correct journal of the landing His Majesty's forces on the Island of Cuba 
London, 1762. 

Carbonell y Ruiz, Jose Maria. El juicio oral y publico. Discurso leido en la 

sesion publico, celebrada por el Circulo de abonados de la Habana el dia 

19 de enero de 1889. Habana, Estab. tip. 0. Reilly, 1889. 15 pp. 8°. 
Cardenas y Rodriguez, Jose M. de. Coleccion de articulos satiricos y de costum- 

bres. Habana, Imprenta del Faro Industrial, 1847. (4), x, 257, (1) pp. 

8°. 
Carleton, George W. Our artist in Cuba. Fifty drawings on wood. Leaves from 

the sketch-book of a traveler, during the winter of 1864-65, by George W. 

Carleton.' New York, Carleton; London, S. Low, Son & co., 1665 [i. e. 

1865] viii pp. 50 pi. 17 cm. 
Letterpress on plates. 

Carrandi, Ernesta Amador y. La guerra hispano-americana ante el derecho inter- 
nacional. Madrid, Imp. de la viuda de M. Minuesa de los Rios, 1900. , 
XV, 218 pp. 8°. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 327 

Cartas, Francisco. Cartera de la Habana . . . Habana, Impr. del gobierno y 
capitania general, 1856. 140 pp. 16°. 

Recopilacion historica y estadistica de la jurisdiccion de la Habana por dis- 

tritos, halldndose en cada barrio las noticias de historia que le correspondan 
como asimismo el censo de poblacion, segun las publicaciones hechas hasta 
la fecha. Por Francisco Cartas. Habana, Impr. del gobierno y capitania 
general por S. M., 1856. 1 p. 1., 184 pp. 16 cm. 

Cartera CuBANA, La. Director Vicente Antonio de Castro. 1. 1-5. Julio, 1838-sept., 
1840. Habana, 1838-1840. 5 vols. sm. 4°. 

[Casanova, Inocencio] Memorandum of the wrongs and acts of violence which, 
since 1868, the Spanish Government in the Island of Cuba have done to 
the person, family, and property of Inocencio Casanova, a naturalized citi- 
zen of the United States of America. New York, Mac Donald & Palmer. 
1871. cover-title, 23 pp. 22^ cm. 

Casas, Bartolome de las. Tercer memorial que se supone de Fr. Bartolome de 
las Casas, refiriendo los abusos hechos en las islao Espafiola, Fernandina, 
San Juan y Jamaica. (Acad. d. 1. Hist, colec. Muiloz, t. lxxvi, fol. 1. 
Extracto de la parte de Cuba. ) 

In Documentos in^ditos relatives al descubrimiento, conqulsta y organizacion de las 
antiguas posesiones Espanolas de ultramar. 2" serie, t. 6. in. pp. 11-12. Madrid, 
1891. 

Casas, Juan Bautista. Estudios acerca del regimen y administracion de Espana 
en ultramar seguidos de una disertacion sobre los caracteres de la civiliza- 
cion hispano-americana. La guerra separatista de Cuba : sus causas, medios 
de terminarla y de evitar otras. * Por el doctor D. Juan Bautista Casas . . . 
Madrid, Estab. tip. de San Francisco de Sales, 1896. xviii, 490, [1] p. 
21J cm. 

Castillo, Carlos del. Carta de Carlos de Castillo al director de "La Independen- 
cia " (de Nueva York) , con motivo de su articulo editorial de 12 de agosto de 
1875, titulado " !La tea! !y siempre la tea!" Londres, Wertheimer, Lea 
y cia., 1875. 86 pp. 16°. 

Castillo, Rafael de. Gran diccionario geogrdfico, estadistico e historico de Espana 
y sus provincias de Cuba, Puerto Rico, Filipinas y posesiones de Africa. 
Acompanan al diccionario el mapa general de Espana ... el postal tele- 
grdfico de Cuba y Puerto y el de Filipinas. Barcelona, Heurich y com- 
paflia, 1889-1891. 3 vols. F°. 

Castonnet des Fosses, H. Cuba and Puerto-Rico; conference faite a Roubaix le 15 
fevrier 1889, par M. H. Castonnet des Fosses . . . Lille, Impr. Danel, 
1889. 24 pp. 8°. 

[Castro, Juan de] Poems by a slave in the Island of Cuba, recently liberated; 
translated from the Spanish by R. R. Madden, M. D. With the history 
of the early life of the negro poet, written by himself, to which are pre- 
fixed two pieces descriptive of Cuban slavery and the slave traffic, by R. R. 
Madden. London, Thomas Ward & company. (2), v, (1), 188 pp. 8°. 

Castro, Manuel Fernandez de. Pruebas paleontologicas de que la Isla de Cuba ha 
estado unida al continente Americano y breve idea de su constitucion geo- 
logica. Discurso pronunciado en el cuarto Congreso internacional de 
Americanistas celebrado en Madrid en setiembre de 1881. 

(/?i Comisi6n del mapa geologieo de Espana. Boletin, vol. 8, pp. 357-372. Madrid, 
1881. 8°. 

[Cattbll, Alexander Gilmore, jr.] To Cuba and back in twenty -two days. A. G, 
C.,jr. Philadelphia, The Times printing house, 1874. 47 pp. 12°. 



328 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

[Cazneau, Mrs. William Leslie] The queen of islands and the king of rivers. By 
Cora Montgomery [pseud.] New York, C. Wood, 1850. 50 pp.) map. 
18J cm. 
An advance publication of part of a work entitled "Our mother land." 

Cerveea y Topete, Pascual. Guerra hispano-americana; coleccion de documentos 
referentes a la escuadra de operaciones de las Antillas ... El Ferrol, 
Impr. de "El Correo gallogo," 1899. 218 pp. 24 cm. 

Cespedes, Jose Maria. La doctrina de Monroe. Habana, Imprenta La Moderna 
de A. Miranda y comp., 1893. (2), vi, 5-511 (1), v, (1) pp. 8°. 824. 

Chadenat, Ch. . . . Collection . . . d'ouvrages, cartes et plans sur Cuba, Puerto- 
Rico et les Philippines . . . {In his Bibliophile americain. Paris, 
1898-99. 21 1 cm. nos. 22-23.) 

Chester, Geeville John. Transatlantic sketches in the West Indies, South Amer- 
ica, Canada, and the United States. London, Smith, Elder & co., 1869. 
xvi, 405 pp. 8°. 

Pages 172-190 describe Cuba. 

[Church, A. M., ed.'] Picturesque Cuba, Porto Kico, Hawaii, and the Philippines; 

a photographic panorama of our new possessions . . . Springfield, O., 

Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick, 1898. 121 pp. illus. 4°. (Farm and 

fireside library, no. 168. ) 
Cisneros, Evangelina Betancourt Cosio y. The story of Evangelina Cisneros, told 

by herself; her rescue, by K. Decker; introduction by Julian Hawthorne. 

Illustrated . . . New York,^ Continental publishing co. [1898] (7), 253 

pp. Portrait. 12°. 
Cisneros, Francisco Javier. Relacion documentada de cinco espediciones, por 

Francisco Javier Cisneros. Nueva York, Impr. de Hallet y Breen, 1870. 

120 pp. 23 cm. 

Cover-title: Cinco espediciones & Cuba. 

La verdad historica sobre sucesos de Cuba, por F. Javier Cisneros . . . 

Nueva York, M. M. Zarzamendi, 1871. 78 pp., 1 1. 23 cm. 
Folleto no. 1. 

Clairac, Jose. Estadistica general de enfermos asistidos en los hospitales y enfer- 
merias militares de la isla de Cuba durante la campaiia, 1" nov. 1868 d 
fin de junio 1878. 

(In Pan-American Medical Congress. Trans. Pt. 1, pp. 767-769, Washington, 1895. 
S°.) 

[Clark, Ben.iamin C] A geographical sketch of St. Domingo, Cuba, and Nicaragua, 
with remarks on the past and present policy of Great Britain, affecting 
those countries. By a traveller. Boston, Eastburn's press, 1850. 35 pp. 
nar. 8°. 

Clark, James Hyde. Cuba and the fight for freedom. A powerful and thrilling 
history of the "Queen of the Antilles," the oppression of the Spanish 
government, the insurrection of 1868 and the compromise of 1878, and a 
full and vivid account of the present struggle of the people for liberty and 
independence. Profusely illustrated. Philadelphia, Globe publishing 
CO., [1896]. 512 pp. plates, portraits, folded map. 8°. 

Clark, Victor S. Labor conditions in Cuba. 

{In U. S. Department of labor. Bulletins, vol. 7, July, 1902, pp. 663-793. Washington, 
1902. 8°.) 

Clark, William J [ared] Commercial Cuba; a book for business men . . . with 
an introduction by E. S. Gould . . . New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
xvii, 514 pp. pi., front., fold, maps, plans. 8°. 

CoLLAZo, Enrique. Cuba independiente, por Enrique Collazo. Habana, "La 
Moderna poesi'a," 1900. 287, [1] p. 20^ cm. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 329 

CoLOMA Y Gaeces, Eugenio de. Catecismo de agricultura cubana, que contiene todos 
los conocimientos necesarios que debe tener un labrador para el cultivo 
del campo y lograr buenas cosechas y arreglado en lecciones para la ense- 
nanza en las escuelas de las poblaciones rurales de la isla de Cuba, por D. 
Eugenio de Coloma y Garces . . . Habana, impr. "La Antilla," 1863. 
194, [3] pp. pi. 14J cm. • 

CoMisiON DE PROPAGANDA del fomento del trabajo uacional. La cuestion Cubana. 
Contestacion d las exposiciones que ban elevado diversas corporaciones 
de la isla de Cuba . . . por la Comision de propaganda del fomento 
del trabajo nacional. Barcelona, Tipografia Hispano-Americana, 1890, 
98 pp. 8°. 

(Suplemento al niirn. 6 de "El Economista espanol." ) 

Comments on the Bliss-Palma protocol for a Cuban-American reciprocity treaty. 

^ [Cuban-American reciprocity bureau, Washington, D. C, Jan. 9, 1903.] 

52 pp. Illustrations. 8°. 

Commercial Cuba in 1903. Area, population, production, transportation systems, 

revenues, industries, foreign commerce, and outline of recent tariff and 

reciprocity arrangements. 

{In U. S. Department of commerce and labor. Bureau of statistics. Monthly sum- 
mary of commerce and finance, Oct., 1903, no. 4, series 1903-1904, pp. 1145-1277. 
Washington, 1903. 4°.) 

With map. 

(771 U. S. Department of commerce and labor. Bureau of statistics. Monthly sum- 
mary of commerce and finance of the United States. August, 1903. No. 2. Series 
1903-1904, pp. 357-489. Washington, 1903. 4°.) 

CoMPANiA DE caminos de hierro de La Habana. luforme presentado por la junta 
directiva de la Compania de caminos de hierro de La Habana A la general 
de accionistas, en 31 de octubre de 1858, relativo & los aiios sociales finali- 
zados en 30 de setiembre de 1857 y 1858. Habana, Impr. del. Tiempo, 
1858. 36 p. tab. 22 cm. 

[With Sociedad general del cr6dito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 1861] 

CoMPAf5iA DEL ferro-carril DE NuEviTAS A PuERTO Principe. luforme del presi- 
dente de la Compaiifa del camino de hierro entre Puerto Principe y Nue- 
vitas y del ingeniero . . . Puerto Principe, Gobierno v Eeal hacienda, 18. 
V. 8°. 

Concas y Palau, Victor M. La escuadra del Almirante Cervera, por el capitdn 
de navio . . . comandante que fue del crucero acorazado Infanta Maria 
Teresa ... en el combate naval de Santiago de Cuba. 2a edicion corre- 
gida y aumentada. Madrid, Librerf a de San Martin (1899). 248 pp. 2 
folded maps. 8°. 

Concha, Jose Gutierrez de la. Marques de la Habana. Memoriae sobre el estado 
politico, gobierno y administracion de la isla de Cuba. Por el teniente 
General Don Jose de la Concha. Madrid, Tip. de D. Jos6 Trujillo, 1853. 
ix, (1), 362, 41, (2) pp. Folded map. 8°. 

Memoria sobre la guerra de la isla de Cuba y sobre su estado politico y eco- 

nomico desde abril de 1874 hasta marzo de 1875. Por . . . Marques de 
la Habana. Madrid, Tip. de R. Labajos, 1875. 178 pp. Folded map. 8°. 
Oonperencia nacional de beneficencia y correccion de la isla de Cuba. 1st, Habana, 
1902. 

Programa de la primera conferencia nacional de beneficencia y correccion de la isla 
de Cuba. Habana, Marzo 19-22, 1902. [Havana, 1902.] 24 pp. 12°. 

Contestacion al opiisculo titulado "Cuba, su porvenir," por J. M. Zayas. [N.-York, 
Tip. de F. W. Rollins, 1861-] 15 pp. 24 cm. 
Caption title. 
Signed "El Condor." 



330 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

CoERAL Manuel. El desastre. Memorias de un voluntario en la campana de Cuba. 
Barcelona, 1899. sm. 8°. 

CoREEA, Diego. El ciudadano Don Diego Correa al excmo. sr. Capitan General, gefe 
superior politico, &c. Cuarta edicion. Habana, T. Campe, 1822. 13 
pp. 8°. 
^Correspondence between the Treasury Department, etc., in relation to the Cuba 
expedition and Willam Frent, late collector. New Orleans, printed by- 
Alex. Levy & Co. 1851. 467 pp. 12°. 

Correspondence on the proposed tripartite convention relative to Cuba. Bos- 
ton: Little, Brown and Company. 1853. 64 pp. 8°. 

Contains message from the President, Millard Fillmore, communicating a report from 
the Secretary of State, Edward Everett, with the following papers: 

Letter of the Count de Sartiges to Mr. Webster, April 23, 1852; M. de Turgot au Comte 
de Sartiges (letter of instructions), Mar. 31, 1852; Project of the proposed conven- 
tion; Letter from John F. Crampton to Mr. Webster, April 23, 1852; Letter of 
instructions of the Earl of Malmesbury to Mr. Crampton, April 8, 1852; Draught of 
convention; Mr. Webster to the Count de Sartiges, April 29, 1852; The Count de Sar- 
tiges to Mr. Webster, July 8, 1852; Mr. Crampton to Mr. Webster, July 8, 1852; 
Mr. Everett to the Count de Sartiges, Dec. 1, 1852. 

Appendix. — Answer of Lord Russell to Mr. Everett's letter on the proposed tripartite 
treaty, Feb. 16, 1853; John F. Crampton to the Earl of Clarendon, April 18, 1853; 
Letters from Edward Everett to Lord John Russell, Sept. 17, 1853. 

Note. — Wharton, in his Digest of International Law, referring to the writings of Mr. 
Everett, here printed, says "that for wisdom and eloquence they are unexcelled by 
any papers that have ever issued from the State Department; and that they main- 
tain an exposition of our true policy as to territorial accretion, which for its states- 
manlike power, its nonpartisan broadness of base, as well as for its attractiveness 
of style, peculiarly fit it to be one of the standards to which political authorities of 
the future should appeal." 

Gorton, Antonio. Las Antillas . . . [Barcelona, A. J. Bastiuos, 1898] 2 p. 1., 80 
pp. illus., port. 8°. 
Cuba, pp. 50-68. 
Puorto Rico, pp. 19-40. 

CoRzo, IsiDORO. Gervera y su escuadra; consideraciones sobre el desastre de San- 
tiago de Cuba de 3 de julio de 1898, por Isidoro Corzo, director de"La 
Union espafiola" de la Habana. Habana, Tip. "La Union," 1901. 170 
pp., 2 1. pi., port. 16 J cm. 

Gostales, Manuel. Elogio del Dr. D. Tomds Romay, medico honorario de la Real 
camara . . . Habana, Impr. del gobierno, 1850. 14 pp. Portrait. 8°. 
[Real sociedad eeondmica de amigos del pais, Havana] 

CoTTEAN, M. G. Descripcion de los equinoides fosiles de la Isla de Cuba. Adicionada 
por D. Justo Egozcue y cia. 

In Comisi6ndel mapa geologico de Espaiia. Boletin, vol. 2 (2d series), pp. (1-99. Mad- 
rid, 1897. 8°. 

Cowley, Rafael, ed. . . . Los tres primeros historiadoresde la Isla de Cuba. Repro- 
duccion de las historias de D. Jose Martin Felix de Arrate y D. Antonio Jose 
tf if ^6~JUtfLf/' Ct^i'^ Vald^s y publicacion de la in^dita del dr. D. Ignacio Urrutia y Montoya, 
^ f/tfft^lf /9^9^ adicionadas con multitud de notas y aumentadas con descripciones .hist6- 
ricas de la mayor parte de las ciudades, villas y pueblos de esta isla que en 
ellas se mencionan . . . Habana, Impr. y libreria de A. Pego, 1876-77. 
3v. '25^ cm. 
Grafts, Wilbur F., and others. Protection of native races against intoxicants and 
opium, based on testimony of one hundred missionaries and travelers. 
Fleming H. Revell Company, Chicago [etc.], [1900] 288 pp. Portraits. 
Table. Map. 8°. 
Cuba, pp. 220-225. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 331 

Cresent, a. L'isle de Cuba; etude physique, economique, historique et politique. 
[In Soci4t6 de g6ographie de Lyon. Bulletin, vol. 14, Oct., 1897, pp. 454-512) 

Crespo de la Serna, Leon. Informe sobre las reformas politicas, sociales y econo- 

micas que deben introducirse en la Isla de Cuba . . . Paris, Imprenta 

hispano-americana, 1879. 31 pp. 21 cm. 
Cruger, Alfred. Informe general del in^eniero director del ferrocarril del Jucaro 

. . . presentado a la Junta directiva de la empresa el 17 de mayo de 1841. 

Habana, R. Oliva, 1841. 36 pp. 12°. 

Informe presentado a la Comision directiva del camino de hierro de Giiines, 

por el ingeniero principal director del mismo . . . Habana, Imprenta 
del gobierno y capitania-general, 1836. 26 pp. 12°. 

[ ] Informe presentado al escmo. seiior presidente de la Real junta de fomento, 

de agricultura y comercio de la Isla de Cuba, por el ingeniero director del 
camino de Giiines . . . [anon:] Habana, Impr. del gobierno y capitania- 
general por S. M., 1839. 61 pp. 12°. 

Cuba. Aduanas y aranceles de la Isla de Cuba. Habana, Impr. del tiempo, 1858. 
(4), 337, (2) pp. 4°. 

An appeal from the board of planters and the merchants of Havana, 

addressed to Alfonso XII. New York, 1879. 15 pp. 8°. 

Balanza general del comercio de la Isla de Cuba, 1826-31, 34. Habana, 

Imprenta de la Real hacienda. 1827-35. 7 pphs. f°. 
Bound with Balanza mercantil. 

>Sa??ie, 1854, 1855. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno . . . 1857. 2 vols. f°. 

Same, 1857. Formada de orden superior por el oficial de la administracion 

general de rentas maritimas Jose Maria Morro. Habana, Imprenta del 
gobierno, capitania general y real hacienda por S. M. 1854. 121, 44 ph. 
Folded sheets. f°. 

/Sa?ne, 1862. Habana, 1863. 215 pp. Folded sheets. f°. 

Same, 1860. 215 (2) pp. Folded sheets. f°. 

Balanza mercantil de la Habana correspondiente al ano de 1825, 34. Habana, 

Oficina del gobierno, capitania general . . . 1826. 2 pphs. 4°. 

The Cuban- American reciprocity protocol. El protocolo del tratado cubano- 

americano de reciprocidad comercial. Washington, D. C, Cuban- Amer- 
ican reciprocity bureau, 1903. cover-title, 16 p. 23 cm. 

Spanish and English. 

Reprinted from La Discu.ssi6n, Havana, Dec. 19, 1902; and from the Washington Post, 
Dec. 26, 1902. 

Political caricatures on covers. 

Catalogue special officiel de Cuba (Palais du Trocadero) Paris, Prieur et Du- 

bois [1900] 1 p. 1., 193pp., 21. front, (map) pi., tab. 8°. (Exposition 
universelle Internationale de 1900 a Paris) 
Comp by Gonzalo de Qixesada. 

Fragments of a letter addressed to a distinguished party in May, 1869, with 

notes and appendix. Also, Report of-Marshal Serrano, Duke de la Torre 
[present regent of Spain] , on the interrogatories submitted to him by the 
Spanish government in the matter of reform in the regime of the Antilles. 
Tr. from the Spanish. New York, 1869. cover-title, 24 pp., 1 1., 25 p. 
23 cm. 

Plan general de instruccion publica para las islas de Cuba y Puerto-Rico. 

Habana, Impr.- del gobierno y capitania-general, 1846. 57 pp. 8°. 

Special report of the secretary of finance, island of Cuba, to Major-General 

John R. Brooke, U. S. Army, governor general of Cuba. Habana, Rambla 
y Bouza, 1899. 74 pp. 8°. cover-title. 



332 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Cuba. Administracion general de correos. Revista general de comunicaciones. 
Ano 1-11. Habana, La propaganda literaria, 1879-1880. 19 nos. 4°. 

Capitania general. Bando de gobernacion y policfa de la isla de Cuba, 

expedido por el Escmo. Sr. D. Geronimo Valdes . . . Segunda edicion. 
Habana, Imprenta del gobierno por S. M., 1843. 121, vii, 33, (1) pp. 
Folded table. 8°. 
(Index in manuscript. ) 

^ Central republican junta of Cuba and Porto-Rico. Cuba before the United 

States. Remarks on the Hon. Charles Sumner's speech, delivered at the 
republican convention of Massachusetts, Sept. 22, 1869. New York, 
Styles & Cash, 1869. 39 pp. 8°. 

Centro de estadistica. Noticias estadisticas de la isla de Cuba, en 1862. 

Habana, Imprenta del gobierno, capitania general y real hacienda por 
S. M., 1864. (207) pp. f°. 

Comision de estadistica. Cuadro estadistico de la siempre fiel isla de Cuba, 

correspondiente al ano de 1846, formado bajo la direccion y proteccion 
■del Escmo. Sr. gobernador y capitdn general Don Leopoldo 0-Donnell, 
por una comision de oficiales y empleados particulares. Habana, Imprenta 
del gobierno y capitania general, 1847. vii p., 1 1., 266, 44 pp., 11. 3 fold, 
tab. 27J cm. 

Comision cientifica sobre las aguas termales de San Diego. Informe de la 

Comision cientifica nombrada por el capitan general de la isla, F. Serrano, 
sobre las aguas termales de San Diego. Habana, "El Iris," 1862. 14, 10, 
12 pp. fold. plan. 8°. 

Contents.— Informe sobre las obras ejecutadas en los banos termales de San Diego, por 
Julio Sagebien y Delgado. Informe quimico sobre las aguas de San Diego, por 
Joaquin P. de Aenlle. — Informe m6dico, por Gonzalo Jorrin. 

Constitution, 1869. Constitution of the Republic of Cuba. Adopted by the 

constitutional convention, and unanimously approved by the Cuban Con- 
gress assembled at Guiamaro, the provisional capital of the Republic, on 
the 10th day of april, 1869, and the first of the independence of Cuba. 
New York, Wynkoop & Hallenbeck, [1869.] (3) pp. 4°. 

■ 1897. Constitucion autonomica, politico administrative de las islas de 

Cuba y Puerto Rico. [Puerto-Rico] : Sucesion de J. J. Acosta, 1897. 67, 
(2) pp. 8°. 

1901. . . . Constitucion de la Repiiblica de Cuba. [Habana, 1902] 

36 pp. 20J cm. 

Caption title. Begins, "No. 100. Cuartel general, Departamento de Cuba, Habana, 
14 de abril de 1902. Leonard Wood, gobernador militar, al pueblo de Cuba: Certifico: 
que la siguiente es copia flel de la constitucion . . . que me fu6 presentada por la 
Convenci6n constituyente." 

Convencion constituyente, 1900-1901. Diario de sesiones de la Convenci6n 

constituyente de la isla de Cuba. No. 1-52, 6 de noviembre de 1900-10 de 
septiembree 1901. Habana, 1900-1. 651 pp. 32 cm 

" Proyectos de bases para la constitucion de la Repiiblica de Cuba, apc^ndice especial 
al niimero 15 ' ' inserted between p. 158 and 159. 

Department and military governorship of Havana. Annual report for fiscal 

year ended June 30, 1899, from December 22, 1898. William Ludlow, 
brigadier general, commanding department of Havana and military gov- 
ernor of the city of Havana, Cuba. 282 pp. Plates. Folded tables. 
Folded maps. 8°. 

Remarks on the industrial, economic, and social conditions in the 

Deparment of Havana. Made pursuant to instructions of August 18, 1899, 
from the division commander, William Ludlow, military governor of the 
city of Havana. Havana, Cuba, September 15, 1899. 19 pp. 8°. 



m 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 333 

Cuba. Department of Western Cuba. Annual report of Brigadier-General Fitzhugh 
Lee, commanding the Department of Western Cuba. Adjutant-general's 
office, Quemados, Cuba, August 23, 1900. 61 + pp. Plates. Folded 
sheets and plates. 8°. 

"Accompanying this report are the reports of staff ofiScers at the head of the various 
departments and commanding officers of the different posts." 

Departamento de estado. . . . Documentos internacionales referentes al 

reconocimiento de la Republica de Cuba. 1904. Habana, La Moderna 
poesia, 1904. 1 p. 1., 152 p., 11. 2 front. (1 port.) facsims. 31 cm. 
Pages [55] and [93] are folded. 

"217" is stamped on the preliminary and last leaves, beneath the seal of the depart- 
ment. 
At head of title: Secretaria de estado y justieia. Departamento de estado. 
Letters from various rulers, in facsimile, and Spanish translation, together with tele- 
grams of congratulation, etc., addressed to Tom^s Estrada Palma, the first president 
of the republic of Cuba. 

Departamento de Hacienda. Special report of the Secretary of finance, 

island of Cuba, to Major-General John R. Brooke, U. S. Army: Habana, 
imprenta de Rambla y Bouza. 1899. 74 pp. 8°. 

Gobierno y capitania general. Bando de gobernaci6n y policia de la isla de 

Cuba, espedido por el escmo. Sr. Don Geronimo Vald^s, presidente, 
gobernador y capitdn general. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y capi 
tania general por S. M., 1842. 121, 33 p., 1 1. 1 tab. 8°. 

"Ap6ndice al Bando de gobernaci6n y policia de la isla de Cuba, comprensivo de 

diversos reglamentos, aranceles y dispoaici6nes. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno, 

1842 :" 33p., 11., at end. 

Same. 2a edition. Habana, 1844. 124, vii, (2), 34, (1) pp. 8°. 

Reglamento para la direccion y gobierno de la real junta superior 

gubernativa de la facultad de farmacia establecida en la siempre fiel isla 
de Cuba . . . Habana, P. Martinez, 1834. (6), 36 pp. 12°. 

Reglamento para el gobierno del cuerpo de serenos de esta ciudad. 

Habana, Reimpreso en la Oficina fraternal, 1839. 12 pp. 15 cm. 
Signed: Miguel Tacon. 

Regulations for the execution of the police law of railroads of the 

island of Cuba. [Translation, U. S.] War department, Sept., 1899. 

Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 27 pp. 8°. 
Translation of the municipal and provincial laws in force in the 

island of Cuba. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 71 

pp. 8°. 

Intendencia de ejercito y hacienda. Estados relativos d la produccion 

azucarera de la isla de Cuba, formados competentemente y con autoriza- 
cion de la Intendencia de ejercito y hacienda. Por Carlos Rebello. 
Habana, 1860. 1 p. 1., 106 pp., 2 1. 24°. 

Junta nacionalde defensade Pto. -Principe. Manifiesto. [Puerto-Principe. 

Imprenta " La Victoria. " 1896.] broadside. 



334 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Cuba. Military governor. John R. Brooke, 1899. Civil report of Major-General 
John R. Brooke, U. S. army, military governor island of Cuba. Havana, 
1899. 3 V. front., pi., port., map, tab. 24 cm. 

Cover- title. 

Continued in his " Final report, 1899." 

Contents.— 1. Reports: Military governor. Chief of staff. Judge advocate, Division of 
Cuba. — II. Reports: Secretary of state and government. Secretary of finance. 
Secretary of justice and public instruction. Secretary of agriculture, industries, 
commerce and public works. — III. Reports: Brigadier-General James H. Wilson, 
U. S. v., commanding the Department of Matanzas and Santa Clara. Brigadier- 
General Fitzhugh Lee, U. S. V., commanding the Department Province Havana and 
Pinar del Rio. Brigadier-General William Ludlow, U. S. V., commanding the 
Department of Havana. Brigadier-General Leonard Wood, U. S. V., commanding 
the Department of Santiago and Puerto Principe. Chief of customs. Treasurer. 
Director general of posts. 

Final report of major general John R. Brooke, U. S. Army, military 

governor, on civil matters concerning the island of Cuba. Havana, 1899. 
142 pp. 2 folded sheets. 8°. 

Military governor, Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. . . . Report of the military 

governor of Cuba on civil affairs [Dec. 20, 1899-Dec. 31, 1900] Washing- 
ton, Gov't print, off., 1901 [1902] 2 v. in 6. pi., port., maps, plans, tab. 
24 cm. (Annual reports of the [U. S.] War Department for the fiscal 
year ended June 30, 1900. vol. i, pt. 11-12) 

56th Cong., 2d sess. House. Doc. no. 2. 

Published in 8 pts. 

Included are ' ' reports of the civil secretaries of the government of the island, together 
with the reports of various civil and military officials." 

Abridged from the edition printed in Havana, 1901, by omission of the Spanish text. 

[Civil report, 1899-1900. Havana, 1901] 12 v. pL, port., maps, 

plans, tab. 24 cm. 

With few exceptions, the reports and papers of the various officials and departments 
are printed in English and in Spanish. Unless otherwise noted, they cover the 
period from July 1899, to Dec. 1900. 

Report of William H. Carlson, special commissioner of railroads, printed in Baltimore, 
Md., by Guggenheimer, Weil & CO. 

Contents. — I. Civil report of "Major-General Leonard Wood, military governor . . . Dec. 
20, 1899-Dec. 31, 1900. Report of Lieut. McCoy, aide-de-camp. Financial exhibits. — 
II. Civil orders and circulars issued during 1900. — III. Report of the secretary of 
state and government. Reports of the various civil governors. — IV. Report of the 
chief sanitary oiRcer of the city of Havana. Sanitation and yellow fever in Plavana 
[1890-1900] Report of Major V. Havard, chief surgeon. Report of the superintend- 
ent department of charities. — V. Reports: Secretary of finance. Treasurer of Cuba. 
Auditor for Cuba. Chief of customs service. Director general of posts. — "VI. Reports: 
Secretary of justice. Fiscal of the Supreme court. Judge-advocate on civil affairs, 
calendar year 1900. — VII. Report of the secretary of agriculture, commerce and 
industry. — VIII. Reports: Secretary of public instruction. Commissioner of public 
schools, Sept.-Dec. 1900. Charter of the school city. Superintendent of schools, 
Jan. 1-Sept. 14, 1900.— IX. Report of the secretary of public works, July 1899-June 
1900. — X. Reports: Secretary of public works, July-Dee. 1900. Special commissioner 
of railroads [Feb. 28, 1901] Supplemental report [March 23, 1901] Chief of the Light 
house board, Feb. -June 1900. Captain of the port, Division of Cuba, July 1899-June 
1900.— XI-XII. Report of the chief engineer. 

. . . Report of the military governor of Cuba on civil affairs [Dec. 20, 

1899-Dec. 31, 1900] Washington, Gov't print, off., 1901 [1902] 2 v. in 6. 
pi., port., maps, plans, tab. 24 cm. (Annual reports of the [U. S.] War 
Department for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900. vol. i, pt. 11-12) 

56th Cong., 2d sess. House. Doc. no. 2. 

Published in 8 pts. 

Included are "reports of the civil secretaries of the government of the island, together 
with the reports of various civil and military officials." 

Abridged from the edition printed in Havana, 1901, by omission of the Spanish text. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 335 

Cuba. [Civil report of the military governor, 1901. Havana? 1902] 15 v. plates, 
ports., maps, plans, tables. 24-26 cm. 

English and Spanish: " Report on a geological reconnaissance" and "Report of . . . 
chief engineer of the city of Havana for the six months ending June 30, 1901," in 
English only. 

Reports cover the calendar year unless otherwise noted. 

Contents.— v. 1. Civil report of Brig. Gen. Leonard Wood. Report of Lieut. Frank R. 
McCoy, aide-de-camp. Report on a geological reconnaissance of Cuba, by C. Willard 
Hayes, T. Way land Vaughan and Arthur C. Spencer [of theU. S. Geological survey]— 
V. 2. Civil orders and circulars.— v. 3. Reports of Dr. Diego Tamayo, secretary of 
state and government. Report of Dr. F. P. Falco, official delegate of Cuba at the 
5th congress of criminal anthropology in Amsterdam, December 1901.— v. 4. Report 
of W. C. Gorgas, chief sanitary officer.— v. 5. Reports of Maj. J. R. Kean, superin- 
tendent Department of charities. Reports of A. H. Glennan, chief quarantine officer, 
July 1900-Dec. 1901. Report of operations, department of immigration, July-Dec, 
190i._v. 6. Annual report of Capt. Lucien Young, captain of the port of Havana, 
July 1900-Jane 1901. Report of Capt. F. S. Foltz, captain of the port of Havana, 
July-Dec. 1901. Reports of Maj. Louis V. Caziarc, supervisor of police and pro- 
vost marshal city of Havana, July 1900-Dec. 1901. Report of the rural guard.— 
V. 7 Report of the chief quartermaster, pertaining to insular affairs, July 1900-June 
1901. Report of the auditor, Jan.-June 1901. Reports of Carlos Roloff, treasurer. 
Reports of the secretary of finance. Reports of the department of posts, July 1900- 
Dec. 1901. V. 8. Customs service July 1900-Dec. 1901.— v. 9. Reports of the secretary 
of public instruction. Annual report of the commissioner of public schools, Sept. 
1900-Aug. 1901.— V. 10-11. Reports of the secretary of justice.— v. 12. Reports of the 
department of agriculture, commerce and industries. Report of the secretary of 
public works, Jan.-June 1901. Reports of E. J. Balbin, chief of the Light-house 
board.— V. 12. Reports of Maj. H. F. Hodges, Corps of engineers, U. S. A., chief 
engineer, Department of Cuba.— v. 14-15. Reports of W. J. Barden, Corps of engi- 
neers, U. S. A., chief engineer, city of Havana. 

[Civil report of the military governor, 1902. Havana? 1903] 6 v. plates, 

maps, plans, tables. 24 cm. 

Reports cover period from January 1 to May 20, 1902, unless otherwise noted. 

Contents.— w. 1. pt. 1. Reports of Brig. Gen. Leonard Wood, military governor; Lieut. 
F. R. McCoy, aide-de-camp. pt. 2. Reports of Seiior Perfecto Lacoste, secretary of 
agriculture, commerce and industry, Jan.-April, 1902; Senor Enrique Jos6 Varona, 
secretary of public instruction, Jan.-April 1902; Lieut. M. E. Hanna, commissioner 
of public schools, Sept. 1, 1901-May 20, 1902. pt. 3. Reports of Maj. W. C. Gorgas, 
chief sanitary officer; Maj. A. H. Glennan, chief quarantine officer; Maj. J. R. Kean, 
superintendent of charities and hospitals; Dr. Frank P. Menocal, superintendent of 
department of immigration.— v. 2. Civil orders and circulars issued from January 
1st 1902 to May 28th 1902 . . . Guggenheimer, Weil & CO., printers, Baltimore, Md.— 
V. 3. pt. 1. Reports of Dr, Diego Tamayo, secretary of state and government; Capt. 
H. J. Slocum, superintendent of rural guard; Capt. F. S. Foltz, superintendent of 
Havana police; Mr. M. C. Posnes, director general of posts, pt. 2. Reports of Senor 
Leopoldo Cancio, secretary of finance; Gen. Carlos Roloff, treasurer; Maj. J. D. 
Terrill, auditor; Col. G. H. Burton, inspector general, July 1, 1901-May 20, 1902; Brig. 
Gen. T. H. Bliss, chief of customs . . . Guggenheimer, Weil & co., printers, Balti- 
more, Md.; Capt. C. B. Baker, chief quartermaster, Department of Cuba, July 1, 
1901-May 20, 1902.— v. 4. Report of Senor A. Arostegui, secretary of justice; 
Report of Senor R. C. Perez, chief justice of Supreme court; Reports of the 
presidents of the audiencias of Santiago, Puerto Principe, Santa Clara, Matanzas, 
Havana, and Pinar del Rio.— v. 5. pt. 1. Report of Lieut. W. J. Barden, chief 
engineer of the city of Havana, [pt. 2] Report on the mineral resources of Cuba 
in 1901. Prepared by Harriet Connor Brown . . . under the direction of Dr. David 
T. Day, of the United States Geological survey . . . Press of Guggenheimer, 
Weil & CO., Baltimore, Md. pt. 3. Report of Capt. P. S. Foltz, captain of the port of 
Havana.— V. 6. pt. 1. Report of Maj. H. F. Hodges, chief engineer, Department 
of Cuba. pt. 2. Report of Senor J. R. Villalon, secretary of public works, July 
1901-May 20, 1902; Annual report of J. S. A. Mercer, state architect, July 1, 1901- 
May 19, 1902; Reports of E. J. Balbin, chief of the Light-house board, July 1, 1901-May 
20, 1902. pt. 3. Report of Capt. O. A. Nesmith, chief signal officer, Department of 
Cuba, July 1, 1901-May 20, 1902. 



336 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Cuba. Real junta de fomeiito, de agricultura y comercio. Informe presentado a la 
real junta de fomento, de agricultura y comercio de esta isla, 1883. 
Habana, Impr. del gobieruo y capitania general, 1834. iv, 153 pp. 4°. 

Secretaria de agricultura, industria y comercio. La republica de Cuba; 

breve reseila para la Exposicion universal de St. Louis, Missouri, U. S. A. 
Publicacion especial de la Secretaria de agricultura, industria y comercio, 
d cargo interinamente del secretario de obras piiblicas Manuel Luciano 
Diaz. Habana, Impr. de Rambla y Bouza, 1904. (2), 158 pp. 8°. 

Special commissioner of railroads. Report of William H. Carlson, special 

commissioner of railroads, to Major-General Leonard Wood, U. S. A., 
military governor of Cuba. Baltimore, Md., printed for the secretary of 
war by Guggenheimer, Weil & co. [1901] 348 p. front., pi. 24 cm. 

(Reissued in Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899- 

[Civil report 1899-1900. Havana, 1901] v. x) 

Superintend encia general delegada de real hacienda. Cuba, ses ressources, 

son administration, sa population, au point de vue de la colonisation euro- 
p6enne et de 1' emancipation progressive des esclaves. Rapport du procu- 
reur fiscal D. V*^ Vasquez Queipo, tr. de I'espagnol, avec notes, par Arthur 
d'Avrainville, attache a 1' Administration centrale des colonies. Paris, 
Impr. nationale, 1851. 2 p. 1., xx, 594 p. 1 fold. tab. 24 cm. 
" Avis de I'editeur espagnol " signed: Manuel Maria Yanez Rivadeneyra. 
The notes to the French edition are translated from JoS(5 Antonio Saco's critique 
of the work, published at Seville in 1847 under title: Carta de un Cubano & un 
amigo suyo. . . . 
Original Spanish edition appeared at Madrid in 1845, with title: Informe fiscal sobre 
fomento de la poblaci6n blanca en la isla de Cuba y emancipaci6n progresiva de la 
esclava . . . 

Informe fiscal sobre fomento de la poblacion blanca en la Isla de Cuba y 

emancipacion progresiva de la esclava con una breve reseiia de las reformas 
y modificaciones que para couseguirlo convendria establecer en la legisla- 
cion y constitucion coloniales: presentado a la Superintendencia general 
delegada de Real hacienda en diciembre de 1844, por el fiscal de la misma 
[V. Vasquez Queipo] Madrid, Imp. de J. M. Alegria, 1845. 2 p. 1., xviii, 
195, 328, [4] p. 2 fold, tables. 26 cm. 

Editor's preface signed: Manuel Maria Yanez Rivadeneyra. 

Superintendente de las escuelas. Isla de Cuba. Manual para maestros por 

Alexis Everett Frye . . . Habana, Oficina [de las escuelas] [1900?] 

165, [1] pp. 1 illustration. 16°. 
Cuba and the United States. Some pertinent facts concerning the struggle for 

independence. By the Cuban delegation in Atlanta. Atlanta, C. P. Byrd, 

1897. 24 pp. 8°. 
Cuba before the United States. Remarks on the Hon. Charles Sumner's speech, 

delivered at the Republican convention of Massachusetts, the 22d Sep- 
tember, 1869. New York, Styles & Cash, 1869. 39 pp. 8°. 
Cuba Mexicana. Coleccion de articulos, seguida de la constitucion polftica de los 

Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Mexico, Imprenta y encuadernacion de F. P. 

Hoeck, 1896. 139, (2) pp. 8°. 
Cuba; a monthly periodical devoted to the business and social interests of the island. 

V. 1, no. 2, Nov., 1902. New York, 1902. 1 no. illustrations. 4°. 
Cuba: pamphlets 1822-85. (Binder's title) Washington [etc.] 1822-1885. 1vol. 8°. 
Cuba y America. Periodico quincenal. Nos. 10-18. Agosto 15-Dec. 15, 1897. New 

York, 1897. 8 nos. 

Revista mensual ilustrada. vol.7. Hfibana, 1901. vols, illustrations. 8°. 



I 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. - 337 

Cuban anti-slavery committee, New York. Slavery in Cuba. A report of the 
proceedings of the meeting held at Cooper institute, New York city, 
December 13, 1872. Newspaper extracts, official correspondence . . . 
New York [Powers, MacGowan and Slipper, printers, 1872] 42 pp. 8°. 
Cuban committee in London. The revolution in Cuba. Issued by the Cuban com- 
mittee in London. [London, 1895?] 109 p. front, (fold. map). 24 cm. 
Contents. — Introduction. — Merchdn, R. M. The Cuban question; tr. from El Correo 
nacional [Bogota, 1895] — Roches [read Rochas], V. de. Cuba under Spanish rule; 
[tr.] from the Revue contemporaine [1869] 

Cuban League of the United States. The present condition of affairs in Cuba. 

A report of a special committee of the Cuban league of the United States. 

Submitted and adopted by the Executive Committee of the league. 

August 23, 1877. New York, Douglas Taylor, 1877. 16 pp. 8°. 
Cuban question. The, and American policy in the light of common sense. New 

York, 1869. 39 pp. Folded map. 8°. 
The Cuban question in its tkue light; a dispassionate and truthful review of the 
■ situation in the island of Cuba, and the position of the United States 

toward the insurrection. By an American. New York, 1895. 48 pp. 

23* cm. 
The Cuban question in England. Extracts from opinions of the press. London, 

Head, Hole & co., [1871] 19 pp. 8°. 
CuGLE, Frances, cornp. A brief history of the Spanish-American war; February, 

1895, August, 1898. [Harrisburg, Pa., Kurzenknabe press, 1898] 91pp. 8°. 
Cunha Reis, Manuel Basilio da. Memoria general 6 sea Resumen de las razones 

justificativas del proyecto de inmigracion de brazos libres africanos, que 

para la sustentacion de la riqueza agricola de la isla de Cuba han pre- 

sentado al supremo gobierno Don Manuel Basilio da Cunha Reis, Don 

Jose Suarez Aryudin y Don Luciano Fernandez Perdones . . . Madrid, 

M. de Rojas, 1861. 93 pp. 21 J cm. 

[With Bona, F^lix de. Cuba, Santo Domingo y Puerto Rico. Madrid, 1861] 

Curtis, George Ticknor. The case of the Virginius, considered with reference to 
the law of self-defence. New York, Baker, Voorhis&eo., 1874. 40 pp. 8°. 
CuYAs, Arturo, and others. The new constitutional laws for Cuba. Text of the 
recent measures for the self-government of the island, with comments 
thereon. Also a brief review of the evolution of Spanish colonization, 
and a statistical comparison of the progress of Cuba under Spanish rule 
with that of independent Spanish-American countries. New York, Asso- 
ciated Spanish and Cuban press, 1897. 168 pp. 8°. 

Consists of three articles: By Arturo Cuyas, Antonia Cuyas, L. V. Abad de Las Casas, 
presenting the text of the reform, law of 1896, with expository comments, consti- 
tuting a justification of the Spanish policy. 

Dallas, R. C. The history of the Maroons . . . including the expedition to Cuba, 
for the purpose of procuring Spanish chasseurs; and the state of the island 
of Jamaica ... In two volumes. London, A. Strahan, 1803. Frontis- 
pieces (engravings). Folded map. 8°. 

Dana, Richard Henry, Jr. To Cuba and back. A vacation voyage. Boston, 1859. 
Ticknor and Fields. 288 pp. 12°. 

Same. London, Smith, Elder and co., 1859. 256 pp. 8°. 

Same. Boston, Houghton, Mifiiin and company, [1887] 288 pp. 12°. 

*■ Davey, Richard [Patrick Boyle] Cuba past and present. With illustrations and 
map. New York, Charles Scribner's sons, 1898. vi, (2), 284 pp. 8°. 
David. Description du quartier de Sainte-Catherine et de ses environs. (lie de 
Cuba.) 

(In Soci6t6 de geographic. Bulletin, vol. 2, 2e serie, pp. 385-389. P&ris, Dec, 1834. 8°) 

159a— 05 22 



338 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Davis, Cushman K. Lectures on international law before the faculty and students of 
the University of Minnesota. October, 1897. [St. Paul, 1897] 80 pp. 8°. 
Contains discussions of the Cuban question, the Monroe doctrine, etc. 

Davis, Reuben. Speech on his resolutions for the acquisition of Cuba. Delivered in 
the House of Representatives January 31, 1859. Washington, printed by 
Lemuel Towers, 1859. 15 pp. 8°. 

Davis, Richard Harding, 1864- The Cuban and Porto Rican campaigns . . . New 
York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. xiii, 360 pp., illus., maps. 8°. 

Cuba in war time. Illustrated by Frederic Remington. New York, R. H. 

Russell, 1897. 143 pp. Plates. 12°. 

A year from a correspondent's note-book. Illustrated. London and New 

York, Harper & bros., 1898 (1897). 305 pp., pL, por. 8°. 
Pages 97-133 contain "Cuba in war time." 

Dawson, G. M. Geological notes on some of the coasts and islands of Bering sea and 
vicinity. 

(In Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, vol. 5, Feb., 1894.) 

Deckert, E[mil] Cuba, von dr. E. Deckert . . . Bielefeld und Leipzig, Velhagen & 
Klasing, 1899. 2 p. 1., 116 pp. incl. illus., pi. map. 4°. (Land und 
leute, II. ) 

Deckert, E. Die Kolonialreiche und Kolonisationsobjecte der Gegenwart. Kolo- 
nialpolitische und kolonialgeographische Skizzen. Zweite Ausgabe. Leip- 
zig, Eduard Baldamus, 1888. (4), 240 pp. 12°. 
Cuba, pp. 174-170. 

Decreet, Emil. Politisch-geographische Betrachtungen iiber AVestindien, unter 
besonderer Beriicksichtigung von Cuba. Leipzig, 1896, Geographische 
Zeitschrift, 2, 1-6, 65-81, 129-142. 

Deloeme Salto, Rafael. Cuba y la reforma colonial en Espafia, por Rafael Delorme 
Salto. Madrid, Impr. D. P. Latorre, 1895. 61 pp. 1 1. 23 cm. 

Demoticus Philalethes, pseud. Yankee travels through the island of Cuba; or, the 
men and government, the laws and customs of Cuba, as seen by American 
eyes. By Demoticus Philalethes. New York, D. Appleton & co., 1856. 
xii, ix, 412 pp. 12°. 

Deerotero de las islas Antillas, de las costas de tierra firme, y de las del seno 
mejicano. Formado en la Direccion de trabajos hidrognificos para inteli- 
gencia y uso de las cartas que ha publicado. Segunda edicion corregida 
y aumentada con noticias muy recientes, y con un apendice sobre las co- 
rientes del occ^ano Atlantico. Madrid, en la imprenta real, ano de 1820, 
viii, (4), 591 pp. 8°. 

Same. Mexico, aiio de 1825. 599 pp. 8°. 

Bogotci, ano de 1826. 578 pp. 8°. 

Descourtilz, M[ichel] E[tienne] Voyages d'un naturaliste, et ses observations. 
Faites sur les trois regnes de la nature, dans plusieurs ports de mer fran^ais, 
en Espagne, au continent de l'Am(§rique Septentrionale, a Saint Yago de 
Cuba, et ii St.-Domingue, ou I'auteur devenu le prisonnier de 40,000 noins 
re voltes, et par suite mis en l^berte par une colonne de I'armee fran(;aise, 
donne des details circonstancies sur 1' expedition du gen(§ral Leclerc . . . 
Paris, Dufart, pere, 1809. 3 v. front., 17 col. pL, fold. tab. 8°. 

Sabin describes a copy having 20 pi.; leclerc, 22; Qu6rard, 45. 

Personal impressions of Toussaint L'Ouverture. 

Dessalles, Adrien. Histoire generale des Antilles. Paris, France. Librairie- 
^diteur, 1847-1848. 5 vols. 8°. 

Vol. I, pp. 291-304, lies de Cuba et de Porto-Rico. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 339 

[DoMiNGUEZ, Fekmin Valdes] Los voluntaries de la Habana en el acontecimiento 
de los estudiantes de medicina, por inio de ellos condenado tl seis alios de 
presidio. Madrid, Imp. de Segundo Martinez, 1873. 148, (1) pp., port., 
pi. 8°. 

First edition of " El 27 de noviembre de 1871." 

Bound with [Betancourt, Jos6 R.] "Las dos banderas." 

El 27 de Noviembre de 1871. 2'' edicion. Habana, Imprenta "La Corres- 

pondencia de Cuba," 1887. 270, (1) pp. 8°. 
An enlarged edition of the preceding. 

Draper, William Francis. Against the recognition of belligerent rights in Cuba 
. under present conditions. Speech in the House, March 2, 1896. Wash- 
ington, 1896. 7 pp. 8°. 

Du Fief, J. lie de Cuba. 

{In Soci6ti5 royale beige de g(5ographie. Bulletin, vol. 21, Mars-avril, 1897, pp. 93-112) 

DuMONT, H. D. ... Keport on Cuba, by H. D. Dumont, delegated to visit that 
island for the purpose of investigating the economic and commercial con- 
ditions now prevailing. 2d ed.. May, 1903. [New York] 1903. 40 pp. 
23 cm. 

At head of title: The Merchants' association of New York. 

[DuEANT, Thomas Jefferson] United States and Spanish commission. A reply to 
the pamphlet entitled "Views of the advocate of Spain as to the rightful- 
ness of the embargo of the property of American citizens in Cuba." 
[AVashington? 1881] 57 pp. 8°. 
Caption title. 

Echeverria, Jose Antonio. Oda al nacimiento de la serenisima infanta Dona Maria 
Isabela Luisa. Compuesta por D. 3os6 Antonio Echeverria, y premiada en 
concurso por la Comision de literatura de la ^eal Sociedad patriotica de 
amjgos del pais, Habana, Imprenta del gobierno por S. M., 1831. (4), 6 pp. 
12°. 

EcsAMEN DE LA cuESTioN DE CuBA. [Habaiia, 1837] 12 pp. 19^ cm. 
Caption title. 

Edo y Llop, D. Enrique. Memoria historica de Cienfuegos y su jurisdiccion. 
Segunda edicion corregida y aumentada. Cienfuegos, Imprenta Nueva de 
J. Andrea y Cp., 1888. 1067, (4), 65 pp., port. 12°. 

Emerson, W. Ralph. The architecture and furniture of the Spanish colonies during 
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, including Mexico, Cuba, Porto 
Rico, and the PhiHppines. Boston, G. H. Polley & Co., 1902. (4), 70 
pi. f°. 

Entick, John. The general history of the late war, containing its rise, progress, and 
event, in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Illustrated with a variety 
of heads, plans, maps, and charts. London, Printed for Edward Dilly and 
JohnMillan. MDCCLXIII. 5 vols. 8°. 
Expedition against Havanna, vol. 5, pp. 363-386. 

Erenchun Felix. Aduanas y aranceles de la Isla de Cuba, comprende la instruc- 
cion de 1847, reformada en 1852, el arancel de 1853, los reglamentos de 
carabineros y sanidad y las ordenes que completan 6 modifican aquellas 
disposiciones reglamentarias, publicadas hasta fin de 1857. Habana, Imp. 
del Tiempo, 1858. (1) -t-337 pp. 4°. 

Anales de la Isla de Cuba. Diccionario administrativo, economico, estadistico 

y legislative. Por Don F6hx Erenchun . . . Ano de 1856 . . . Habana, 
Impr. La Habanera, 1857-61. 3 v. 4°. 
Imprint of v. 2: Madrid, Impr. de Tejado, 1861. 



340 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

EsLAVA, Rafael G. Juicio crftico de Cuba en 1887, por Rafael G. Eslava. Habana, 

Establecimiento tipografico, 1887. 200 pp. 20J cm. 
l'Espagne et l' Insurrection Cubaine. 

(I7i Revue militaire de l'(>tranger, vol. 49, Feb., 1896, pp. 114r-128; Mar., 1896, pp. 220-239; 
Apr., 1896, pp. 284-306) 

EsPANA Y Cuba. [Paris, Tip. Lahure, 1876] 37 pp. 8°. 
Caption title. 

EsTUDios soBRE LAS CuESTioNEs CuBANAS. Octubre de 1879. Paris, Imprenta Hispano- 

Americana, 1879. 51 pp. 8°. 
Everett, Alexander Hill. Critical and miscellaneous essays. Boston, 1845-46. 
2 vols. ■ 12°. 

Vol. 2, pp. 325-381, contains an article on Habana reprinted in the Southern Quarterly 
Review, January, 1845. 

and Edward Everett. Cuba. The Everett letters on Cuba. Boston, G. H. 

Ellis, 1897. 22 pp. 16°. 

Consists of a reprint of letter from A. H. Everett to the President of the U. S. on 
"Cuba v?ithout war," Nov. 30, 1825 (from Scribner's monthly, Apr., 1876); and of 
Edward Everett's letter to the Count de Sartiges, Dec. 1, 1852, with a prefatory note 
by E. E. Hale. 

ExQUEMELiN, A[lexandre] 0[livier] De Americaensche zee-roovers. Behelsende 
een pertinente en waerachtige beschrijving van alle de voornaemste rove- 
ryen, en onmenschelijcke wreedheden, die de Engelse en Franse rovers, 
tegens de Spanjaerden in America, gepleeght hebben . . . Hier achter 
is bygevoeght, een korte verhandeling van de macht en rijkdommen, die 
de koninck van Spanje, Karel de Tweede, in America heeft, nevens des 
selfs inkomsten en regering aldaer. Als mede een kort begrijp van alle 
de voornaemste plaetsen in liet selve gewest, onder Christen potentaten 
behoorende. Beschreven door A. 0. Exquemelin. Die self alle dese 
roveryen, door noodt, bygewoont heeft . . . t' Amsterdam, J. ten Hoorn, 
1678. 4 p. 1., 186 pp., 6 pi., 4 port., 2 maps. 20 J x 16 cm. 
Added t.-p., engr. 

First ed. of the original, of which but few copies are Jinovm. Translated into Spanish 
in 1681, and thence into English, 1684 (where the name appears as Esquemeling) 
and into French, 1686 (with the name written Oexmelin). The work went through 
numerous editions in its various versions and formed the foundation for many of 
the histories and romances of the buccaneers published during the seventeenth and 
eighteenth centuries. 
Contents. — 1. deel verhandelt hoe de Fransen op Hispanjola gekomen zijn, de aerdt 
van't landt, inwoonders, en hun manier van leven aldaer. — 2. deel, deopkomst van 
de rovers, hun regel en levcn onder malkander, nevens verscheyde roveryen aen 
de Spanjaerden gepleeght. — 3. [deel] 't verbranden van de stadt Panama, door 
d'Engelsche en Franse rovers gedaen, nevens het geen de schrijver op sijn reys 
voorgevallen is. 

Bucaniers of America; or, A true account of the most remarkable assaults 

committed of late years upon the coasts of the West-Indies, by the buca- 
niers of Jamaica and Tortuga, both English and French. Wherein are 
contained more especially, the un parallel' d exploits of Sir Henry Morgan, 
our English Jamaican hero, who sack'd Puerto Velo, burnt Panama, &c. 
Written originally in Dutch, by John Esquemeling, one of the bucaniers 
who was present at those tragedies; and thence translated into Spanish, 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 341 

by Alonso de Bonne-Maison . . . Now faithfully rendred into English. 
London, Printed for W. Crooke, 1684. 3 pts. in 1 v. illus., pL, port, 
map. 24 cm. 

This copy is imperfect. 

Collation according to Sabin: "Title, 11., 'To the reader,' 5 1., pt. i., p. 115; pt. ii.,p. 
151; pt. III., p. 124, Table, G 1. Plates at pp. 95 and 102 of pt. i., at pp. 1, 38, 60, 80, and 
134 of pt. II., and at pp. 31 and 54 of pt. in." 
"The translator to the reader [anon.] :" 5 pp. 1. 

First English translation. The original Dutch "De Americaensehe zeeroovers" was 
pub. at Amsterdam, 1678. 

Bucaniers of America: or, A true account of the moat remarkable assaults 
committed of late years upon the coasts of the West-Indies, by the buca- 
niers of Jamaica and Tortuga, both English and French. Wherein are 
contained more especially, the unparallel'd exploits of Sir Henry Morgan, 
our English Jamaican hero, who sack'd Puerto Velo, burnt Panama, &c. 
Written originally in Dutch, by John Esquemeling, one of the bucaniers, 
who was present at those tragedies, and translated into Spanish by Alonso 
de Bonne-Maison, m. d. &c. The 2d ed., cor. and inlarged with two addi- 
tional relations, viz. the one of Captain Cook, and the other of Captain 
Sharp. Now faithfully rendred into English. London, Printed for W. 
Crooke, 1684-85. 2 v. in 1. illus. , 4 pi. (partly fold. ) 4 port. , 3 fold. maps. 
22 cm. 

Title of V. 2: Bucaniers of America. The second volume. Containing The dangerous 
voyage and bold attempts of Captain Bartholomew Sharp, and others; performed 
upon the coasts of the South sea, for the space of two years, &e. From the original 
journal of the said voyage. Written by Mr. Basil Ringrose, gent. . . . London, 1685. 

Collation: pt. 1, 6 p. 1., 47 (i. e. 55) p.; pt. 2, 80 p.; pt. 3, 84, [12] p.; pt. 4 (vol. 2) 8 p. 1., 
212 (i. e. 216), [17] p. 

Paging irregular: pt. 1, p. 50-51 numbered 42-43, 54-6") numbered 46-47; vol. 2, p. 140 
numbered 144; p. 144-216 numbered 140-212. 

The first ed., 1684, antedates v. 1 by only three months. In the "advertisement to the 
reader, concerning this second edition " the publisher states that he has compressed 
the matter into less space by the use of smaller characters and closer typesetting, 
and has added "some relations which have been imparted . . . from good and 
authentic hands; wherein are contained several other bold exploits . . . performed 
of late years by the same bucaniers . . . especially since the time that the author . . . 
published his book in Holland. These are comprehended in two or three chapters 
at the latter end of this second edition, and do chiefly relate unto the adventures of 
Captain Cook in the year 1678, and ... of Captain Sharp and others." 

Sir Henry Morgan obtained judgment against Crooke for statements in the 1st ed. of 
his publication regarded as libelous, but withdrew his charge on condition that the 
publisher print an apology, cf. citation from London gazette, June 8, 1685, in Sabin, 
and the description of a copy of the 1684-85 ed. of Exquemelin in Sotheby's sale cata- 
logue of the M. C. Lefferts collection of Americana, June, 1902, p. 17, which has bound 
up with V. 1 four leaves, entitled: "An amendment, or correction of the History of 
the bucaniers in relation to the actions of Sir Henry Morgan, knyght." Morgan's 
suit was the occasion for Crooke' s lengthy "preface to the reader" in v. 2. 

This ed. was reprinted, with introduction by Henry Powell, London, Sonnenschein, 
1893. 

The buccaneers of America; a true acccount of the most remarkable assaults 
committed of late years upon the coasts of the West Indies by the buc- 
caneers of Jamaica and Tortuga (both English and French) Wherein 
are contained more especially the unparalleled exploits of Sir Henry 
Morgan ... By John Esquemeling, one of the buccaneers who was 
present at those tragedies. Now faithfully rendered into English. With 
facsimiles of all the original engravings, etc. London, S. Sonnenschein & 



342 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

CO.; New York, C. Scribuer's sons, 1893. 2 p. 1., xxxv, 508 pp. front., 

illus., pi., port., maps. 25J cm. 

"Reprinted from the edition of 1684, to which is added a reprint of the very scarce 
fourth part, by Basil Ringrose (1685), containing the ' Dangerous voyage and bold 
attempts of Captain Bartholomew Sharp and others.' Edited, with an introduction, 
by Henry Powell." — Verso of t.-p. 

Histoire des avanturiers qui se sont signalez dans les Indes, contenant ce qu'ils 

ont fait de plus remarquable depuis vingt annees. Avec la vie, les moeurs, 
les coutumes des habitans de Saint Domingue & de la Tortue, & une descrip- 
tion exacte de ces lieux; ou Ton voit I'etablissement d'une chambre des 
comptes dans les Indes, & un etat, tire de cette chambre, des offices tant 
ecclesiastiques que seculiers, ou le roy d'Espagne pourvoit, les revenus 
qu'il tire de I'Amerique, & ce que les plus grands princes de I'Europe y 
possedent . . . Par Alexandre Olivier Oexmelin. Paris, J. le Febvre, 
1686. 2 V. 4 p. 1., 3 maps. 17^ cm. 

Collation: v. 1, 16 p. 1., 342, [24] pp., 3 pi., 2 maps; v. 2, 3 p. 1., 384, [22] pp., 1 pi., map. 

Added t.-p., engr., in v. 1. 
" First French edition, of extreme raritj', translated from the Spanish. The author's 
name is rather singularly changed. The translation was made by M. de Fronti- 
gniSres. In 1689 the Journal of Raveneau de Lussan first appeared, and was repub- 
lished in 1692, and is afterwards generally added to the work. Editions of Oexmelin, 
with this addition, appeared in 3 vols., 12 mo., in 1699." — Sabin, v. 6, pp. 312. 
The dedicatory letter is signed by the translator, who while utilizing the Spanish ver- 
sion by Bonne-Maison practically rewrote the work, rearranging it as to details and 
giving it a more literary form. cf. Barros Arana, Notas, pp. 72. 

— Paris, J. le Febure, 1688. 2 v. 3 maps. 16 cm. 



Collation: v. 1, 12 p. 1., 448 (i. e. 248), [16] pp., 2 maps; v. 2, 3 p. 1., 285, [16] pp., map. 
Added t.-p., engr., in v. 1. 

Histoire des avanturiers fli bustiers qui se sont signalez dans les Indes. Con- 
tenant ce qu'ils y ont fait de remarquable . . . Par Alexandre Olivier 
Oexmelin. Nouv. ed. corrigee & augmentee de 1' Histoire des pirates 
anglois depuis leur etablissement dans I'isle de la Providence jusqu'a 
present . . . Trevoux, Par la Compagnie, 1744. 4 v. illus., 3 pi., 2 
maps, 2 plans. 17 cm. 

Collation: v. 1, 7 p. 1., 394, [1] pp., illus., 3 fold-, pi., fold. map. fold, plan; v. 2, 1 p. 1., 
423 pp., fold, map, fold, plan; v. 3, 1 p. 1., 346 pp; v. 4, 1 p. 1., Ivi, 360 [7] pp. Added t.-p., 
engr., in v. 1. 
The collation of this edition differs from that of the edition of the same place and date 

described by Sabin, v. 6. no. 23477. 
The translation of Exquemelin is by de Frontignieres. 

Vol. 3 has title: Histoire des avanturiers flibustiers qui se sont signalez dans les Indes. 
Contenant le journal du voyage fait a la mer du Sud. Par le sieur Raveneau de 
Lussan. 
Vol. 4: Histoire des pirates anglois depuis leur etablissement dans I'isle de la Provi- 
dence jusqu'a present . . . Avec la vie et les avantures de deux femmes pirates 
Marie Read & Anne Bonny . . . Traduite de I'anglois. Du capitaine Charles 
.Johnson. 

Histoire des aventuriers flibustiers quise sont signales dans les Indes. Con- 
tenant ce qu'ils y ont fait de remarquable . . . Par Alexandre Olivier 
Oexmelin. Nouv. ed. corrigee & augmentee de I'Histoire des pirates 
anglois, depuis leur etablissement dans I'isle de la Providence jusqu'tl 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 343 

present . . . Trevoux, Par la Compagnie, 1775. 4 v. ^ pi., 4 maps. 
16^ cm. 

Added t.-p., engr., in v. 1. 

The translation of Exquemelin is by de Frontigniires. 

Vol. 3 has title: Histoire des aventuriers flibustiers qui se sont signal6s dans les Indes- 
eontenant le journal du voyage fait A. la mer du Sud . . . Par le sieur Raveneau de 
Lussan. 
Vol. 4: Histoire des pirates anglois depuis leur etablissement dans I'isle de la Provi- 
dence jusqu'a present . . . Avec la vie et les aventurers de deux femmes pirates, 
Marie Read et Anne Bonny. Traduite de I'anglois du capitaine Charles Johnson [!]' 
The history of the bucaniers of America . . . Exhibiting a particular 
account and description of Porto Bello, Chagre, Panama, Cuba, Havanna, 
and most of the Spanish possessions on the coasts of the West-Indies, and 
also all along the coasts of the South sea; with the manner in which they 
have been invaded, attempted, or taken by these adventurers. The whole 
written in several languages by persons present at the transactions. Tr. 
into Enghsh, and illus. with copper-plates ... 4th ed. London, Printed 
for D. Midwinter [etc.] 1741. 2 v. front., 3 pi. (part, fold.) 3 port., 2 
fold maps. 17 cm. 

Collation: v. i, 2 p. 1., 354 pp., front., 3 port., 3 pi.; v. ii, 1 p. 1., 406, [21] pp. 
The original of Exquemelin, "De amerieaensche zee-roovers," Amsterdam, 1678, was 
translated into Spanish in 1681 and thence by an anon, translator into English, 
London, W. Crooke, 1684. The translation of Exquemelin contained in this " Fourth 
edition" of 1741 differs from that of 1684 and subsequent editions, as do also the 
portraits and plates. 
Contents.— I. [Exquemelin, A. O.] The exploits and adventures of Le Grand, Lolonois, 
Roche Brasiliano, Bat the Portuguese, Sir Henry Morgan, &c.— ii. [Ringrose, B.]' 
The dangerous voyage and bold attempts of Capt. Sharp, VVatlin, Sawkins, Co'xon, 
and others, in the South-sea.— iii. [Raveneau de Lussan] A journal of a voyage into 
the South-sea by the freebooters of America, from 1684 to 1689.— iv. Montauban, de. 
A relation of a voyage of the Sieur de Montauban, captain of the freebooters in 
Guinea in the year 1695. 

The history of the bucaniers of America: being an entertaining narrative of 
the exploits, cruelties and sufferings of the following noted commanders. 
Viz. Joseph Esquemeling, Pierre le Grand, Lolonois, Roche Brasiliano, 
Bat the Portuguese, Capt. Sharp, Capt. AVatling, Capt. Cook, &c. &c. . . . 
Together with a curious description of the manners, customs, dress, and 
ceremonies of the Indians inhabiting near cape Gracias a Dios. Published 
for the improvement and entertainment of the British youth of both 
sexes. Glasgow, Printed for J. Knox, 1762. 132 pp. 15 cm. 
An abridgment. 

The history of the bucaniers of America . . . Exhibiting a particular 
account and description of Porto Bello, Chagre, Panama, Cuba, Havanna, 
and most of the Spanish possessions on the coasts of the West Indies, and 
also all along the coasts of the South sea; with the manner in which they 
have been invaded, attempted, or taken by these adventurers. The 
whole written in several languages by persons present at the transac- 
tions ... 5th ed. London, Printed for T. Evans, and Richardson and 
Urquhart, 1771. 2 v. 17J cm. 

Reprint (without illus.) of the "The fourth edition," London, D. Midwinter, 1741, in 
which the translation of Exquemelin differed from that of the earlier editions, 1684 
et seq. 

5th ed. London, Printed for T. Evans and W. Otridge, 1774. 2 v. 

17J cm. 

"This second fifth edition is that of 1771, with another date."— Sabin. 



344 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

[ExQUEMELiN, A[lexandek] 0[livier]] The history of the bucaniers of America. 
London, Printed for J. Walker [etc.] 1810. 1 p. 1., xxiii, 660 pp. front. 
14 cm. 

Added t.-p., engr. 

Reprint of the " The fourth edition," London, D. Midwinter, 1741, 2 v. 
Contents. — pt. i. [Exquemelin, A. O.] The history of the hucaniers of America. — 
pt. II. [Ringrose, B.] The dangerous voyage and bold adventures of Captain 
Sharp, Coxon, Sawkins, and others in the South sea. — pt. in. Raveneau de Lussan. 
A journal of a voyage made into the South sea, by the bucaniers or freebooters of 
America, from the year 1684 to 1689.— pt. iv. Montauban, de. A relation of a voy- 
age made by the Sieur de Montauban, captain of the freebooters, on the coast of 
Guinea, in the year 1695. With a description of the kingdom of Cape Lopez, the 
manners, customs, and religion of the country. 

[ ] Piratas de la America, y luz il la defensa de las costas de Indias Occidentales. 

Dedicado a Don Bernardino Antonio de Pardinas Villar-de Francos . . . 
Por el zelo y cuydado de Don Antonio Freyre . . . Traducido de la lengua 
flamenca en espaiiola, por el D'"'. Alonso de Buena-Maison. Impresso en 
Colonia Agrippina, en casa de L. Struickman, 1681. 19p.l.,xvi, 328, [4] pp. 
illns., 4 [incl. 2 fold.] pL, 4 port., 1 map. 19 J x 15 cm. 
3 pts. in 1 V. Paged continuously. 
Title in red and black; on verso of t.-p., the arms of Pardinas Villar de Francos; 

vignette, p. 20. 
"Descripcion de las islas del mar Athlantico y de America, por el capitto D. Miguel 

de Barrios," in verse, pp. i-xvi. 
First ed. of the Spanish translation, made from the original Dutch ed. of 1678. This 
Spanish version is the source of the English translation first printed in 1684, and of 
the French translation first printed in 1686. The authors of these translations at 
secondhand were unfamiliar with the Dutch original and made rather free use of 
the Spanish version, "incorporating into their respective versions considerable 
additional matter, chiefly to bring into prominence the special merits of their com- 
patriots, e. g. , the French version embodying many exploits of the French filibusters 
not referred to by the Dutch author, while the English edition makes Morgan the 
principal hero of the story." (H. Powell, introd. to ed. of 1893) 

[ ] Piratas de la America, y luz a la defensa de las costas de Indias Occidentales, 

en que se tratan las cosas notables de los viages, descripcion de las islas 
Espafiola, Tortuga, Jamayca, de sus frutos y producciones, politica de sus 
habitantes, guerras y encuentros entre Espanoles y Franceses, origen de 
los piratas, y su modo de vivir, la toma e incendio de la ciudad de Panama, 
invasion de varias plazas de la America por los robadores franceses, Lolo- 
nois y Morgan. Traducido del flamenco en espanol por el doctor de Buena- 
Maison. Dala a luz esta tercera edicion D. M. G. R. Madrid, R. Ruiz, 
1793. xxiv, 228, [4] p. 21 cm. 

"Descripcion de las islas del mar Athlantico y de America, por el capitiin Don Miguel 
de Barrios," in verse, pp. xi-xxiv. 

F., C. M. B. Isla de Cuba. Opiisculo 2°. Documentos relativos a la supresion de 
conventos y venta de alhajas de las iglesias en dicha isla. Su ex^unen y 
refutacion, consideraciones politico-economicas. Madrid, Imprenta de I. 
Sancha, 1837. 29, (2) pp. 12°. 

Bound with "Isla de Cuba. Supresion de conventos." 

Supresion de conventos; contribucion extraordinaria de guerra; 

inconvenientes de estas medidas alli. Ideas sobre la que podria substi- 

tuirse. Madrid, Imprenta de I. Sancha, 1837. 27 pp. 12°. 
Facts about Cuba. Published under authority of the New York Cuban Junta. New 

York, Sun job printing office, 1870. 31 pp. 8°. 
Feliciangeli, Alfredo. ... La guerra cubana. Roma, E. Voghera, 1898. 98 pp. 

24^ cm. 

"Estratto dalla Rivista militare italiana, 1898." 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 345 

Fernandez de Castro, Manuel. Estudio sobre las minas de oro de la isla de Cuba, 
y muy particularmente sobre la de San Bias de las Meloneras en el Par- 
tido de Guaracabuya, jurisdiccion de Remedios. Habana, Imprenta "el 
Iris," 1864. 104 pp. 8°. 

Ferro-carril central de la isla de Cuba. Articulos insertos en el Diario de la 

Marina, para demostrar su conveniencia y la posibilidad de construirlo en 
5 6 6 anos. Habana, Imprenta del Tiempo, 1862. 106 pp. 8°. 

i Puede deducirse de la historia y del estudio de los fenomenos geologicos 

que ofrece la isla de Cuba que esta haya estado uilida 6 no al continente de 
America en los tiempos precolombianos? 

(In Congreso internacional de Americanistas. Actas de la euarta reunion. Madrid, 
1881. V. I, pp. 74-94; Dieussion, pp. 169-173. Madrid, 1882) 

Pruebas paleontologicas de que la Isla de Cuba ha estado unida al conti- 

nente Americano y breve idea de su censtitucion geologica. 

(In Boletin de la Comision geol6gica de Espana. t. 8, pp. 357-372. Madrid, 1881) 

Noticia del estado qen ue se hallan los trabajos del mapa geologico de Espana 

en 1° de julio de 1874. 

{In Boletin de la Comision del mapa geologico de Epaiia, v. 3, pp. 1-89. Madrid, 

1876.) 
" Isla de Cuba," pp. 62-70. 

[Fernandez Duro, Cesareo] 1830- ed. Isla de Cuba. [Documentos ineditos] 
Madrid, Estab. tip. "sucesores de Rivadeneyra," 1885-91. 3 v. 23^ cm. 
(Coleccion de documentos ineditos . . . de ultramar. 2 ser. Madrid, 
1885- t. 1, 4, 6) • 

"Prologo," t. 1, signed C. P. D.; "Introduccion," t. 2 and t. 3, signed Cesareo Per- 

nAndez Duro. 
Contents.— 1. 1, 1511-1.528; t. 2, 1528-1537; t. 3, 1509-1556. 

Fernandez Juncos Manuel. De Puerto-Rico a Madrid por la Habana y Nueva- 
York. Estudios de viaje, par Manuel Fernandez Juncos. 2. ed. Puerto 
Rico, Tip. de J. G. Font, 1887. 2 p. 1., [vii]-xiv p., 1 1., 125 p. 18 cm. 

Contents. — A bordo. — Habana. — El sol de las Antillas. — La tempestad. — Nueva-York. 

Ferrer, Miguel Rodriguez. Los nuevos peligros de Cuba entre sus cinco crisis 
actuales, por Miguel Rodriguez Ferrer, jefe de administracion y propie- 
torioenCuba. Madrid, Imprenta de Manuel Galiano, 1862. 197 pp. 16°. 

Ferrer de Couto, Jose. Cuba may become independent. A political pamphlet 
bearing upon current events. Translated from the Spanish by Charles 
Kirchhoff. New York, "El Cronista" printing office, 1872. 142 pp. 8°. 
Presentation copy to Caleb Gushing, with author's autograph on fly-leaf. 

The Field op Mars. Being an alphabetical digest of the principal naval and military 
engagements in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Embellished with 
maps, charts, plans, and views of battles. London. Printed for J. Mac- 
govern, MDCCLXXXI. 2 vols. 4°. 

Vol. 1, under Havannah are given " Engagement of Havannah in 1748; A letter from 
Sir George Pococke, July 14th, 1762, giving an account of the Siege of Havannah, in 
1762; "Journal of the siege of Havannah, 1762. Published by authority;" Letter 
from the Earl of Albemarle, dated, near the Havannah, August 21, 1762;" Articles 
of capitulation agreed upon between Sir George Pococke, and the Earl of Albemarle, 
and the Marquis of Real Transporte, commander in chief of the squadron of his 
Catholic Majesty, and Don Juan de Prado, governor of the Havannah, for the sur- 
render of the city, 12th of August, 1762." 
The above are reprinted from the London Gazette of Sept. 11, 30, 1762. 

FiGUEROA, Pedro Pablo, 1857- Problemas americanos; fronteras americanas. — Cuba 
redimida. Libertad escrita, por Pedro Pablo Figueroa . . . Santiago de 
Chile, Imp. Portena, 1895. 101 p., 1 1. 19 J cm. 



346 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Fisher, Horace N. Principles of colonial government adapted to the present needs 
of Cuba and Porto Rico and of the Philippines. Boston, L. C. Page and 
company, 1899. 56 pp. 8°. 
Cuba and Porto Rico. pp. 7-29. 

FiSHEK, Richard Swainson, ed. The Spanish West Indies, Cuba and Porto Rico; 
geographical, political, and industrial Cuba. From the Spanish of Don 
J. M. de la Torre. Porto Rico: by J. T. O'Neil. New York, J. H. Col- 
ton, 1861. 190 pp., folded map. 12°. 

FisKE, Amos Kidder, 1842- The West Indies; a history of the islands of the West 
Indian archipelago, together with an account of their physical character- 
istics, natural resources, and present condition. New York and London, 
G. P. Putnam's sons, 1899. 1 p. 1., xii p., 1 1., 414 pp., pi., maps. 12°. 
(The story of the nations) 

Flint, Grover, 1867- Marching with Gomez; a war correspondent's field note- 
book, kept during four months with the Cuban army, by Grover Flint; 
illustrated by the author, with an historical introduction by John Fiske. 
Boston, New Y''ork [etc.] Lamson, Wolffe and company, 1898. xxix, 
290 p. incl. front, (map) illus., pi., port. 20^ cm. 

Flores, Eugenio Antonio. La guerra de Cuba (apuntes para la historia) por Euge- 
nio Antonio Flores . . . Madrid, Tip. de los hijos de M. G. Herndndez, 
1895. 555 p. 19 cm. 

The author served on the staff of General Campos in 1877-78; and again In 1895. 

[Font, Juan Prieto] ed. Cuba: souvenir de la proclamacion de la republica en 20 
de mayo de 1902. [Habana, Impr. de V. L. Veiga, 1902] cover-title, 
[26] p. illus. (incl. port., facsim.) 36 cm. 
Illustrated cover. 

Caption title: Cuba: obra ilustrada con fotograbados y biografias de meritisimos 
Cubanos, publicada durante las fiestas de la proclamacidn de la repiiblica. Por 
Juan Prieto Font. 
Contains music. 

Ford, Isaac N. Tropical America. New York, Charles Scribner's sons, 1893. x, 
(4), 409 pp., photogravures, folded map. 8°. 
Pages 200-290 contain "The last Spanish stronghold." 

Fort y Roldan, Nicolas. Cuba indigena. Madrid, Imprenta de R. Moreno y R. 

Rojas, 1881. viii, 200 pp. 12°. 
[Fragua Calvo, LiiioN de] Reply to a pamphlet, entitled, "Thoughts on the annex- 
ation of Cuba to the United States, by Don Antonio Saco," addressed to 
him by one of his friends. 

{In [Kimball, Richard B.] Cuba, and the Cubans . . . New York, 1850. 18i cm. 
pp. 214-251) 

[Frias, Francisco de, conde de Pozos Dulces] ed. Recuerdo de la despedida del 
excmo. Sr. teniente general Don Domingo Dulce, marques de Castell- 
Florite, despu^s de haber desempenado el mando superior, politico y 
militar de la Isla de Cuba. Habana, Impr. del "Mencey," 1866. 32 pp. 
20^- cm. 

Ed. by F. de Frias, conde de Pozos Dulces, and J. R. O'Farrill y O'Farrill. 

[ ] Refutacion de varios articulos concernientes a ese pais publicados en el 

diario de Barcelona en los meses de junio y julio 1859. Por un Cubano. 
Paris, D'Aubusson y Kugelmann, 1859. (4), 56 pp. 8°. 

Froiide, James Anthony. The English in the West Indies; or, The bow of Ulysses. 
With illustrations engraved on wood by G. Pearson, after drawings by the 
author. New York, Charles Scribner's sons, 1888. x, (2), 373 pp., pis., 
map. 8°. 

Pages 288-349 deal with Cuba. 

Galiano, Dioniso Alcalo. Cuba en 1858. Madrid, Imprenta de Beltran y Vinas, 
1859. 254 pp. 8°. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 347 

Gallego, Tesifonte. La insurreccion Cubana. Cronicas de la campana. Madrid, 

Imprerita de lo? ferrocarriles, 1897. 
Gallenga Antonio Carlo. The Pearl of the Antilles. London, Chapman and 

Hall, 1873. (4), 202 pp. 8°. 
Favorable to Spain. 

Gallois, L. Le recensement de Cuba. 

[In Annales de g(5ographie, vol. 10, Jan. 15, 1901, pp. 75-79) 
Gannett, Henry, 1846- ... A gazetteer of Cuba, by Henry Gannett. Washing- 
ton, Gov't print, off., 1902. 112 pp. maps. 23 cm. (U. S. Geological 
survey. Bulletin no. 192. ser. F, Geography, 29) 
57th Cong., 1st sess. House. Doc. no. 474. 

The results of Cuban census. 

{In American geographical society. Bulletin, vol. 32, 1900, pp. 281-286) 

Garcia, Belisario. Caracteres de la guerra Hispano- Americana. Folleto de actua- 
lidad internacional. Segunda edicion precedida de los juicios de la prensa. 
Hecha con autorizacion del autor por Alberto Prado Martinez. Santiago 
de Chile, Imprenta de "La Lei," 1898. 42 pp., port. 8°. 

Garcia de Arboleya, Jose. Manual de la Isla de Cuba. Compendio de su historia, 
geografia estadistica y administracion. Su autor D. Jose Garcia de Arbo- 
leya ... 2. ed. cor. y aumentada. Habana, Impr. del Tiempo, 1859. 
418 pp. pi., maps, plans. 16 cm. 

Garcia Verdugo, Vicente. Cuba contra Espaiia. Apuntes de un afio para la his- 
toria de la rebelion de la Isla de Cuba, que principio el 10 de octubre de 

1868. Por de Vicente Garcia Verdugo . . . Madrid, Crespo Martin y c\ , 

1869. 422 pp. 20 cm. 

Gardiner, Asa Bird. The Havana expedition in the war with Spain. 

{In Rhode Island historical society. Publications, ne^Y series, vol. 6, Oct. 1898, pp. 
167-189) 

Gelpi y Ferro, Gil. Estudios sobre la America. Conquista, colonizacion, gobiernos 
coloniales y gobiernos independientes. Por .D. Gil Gelpi y Ferro. Ha- 
bana, Libreria e impr. "El Iris," 1864-66. 2 v. port. (v. 2) 24J cm. 
Title vignettes. 

Historia de la revolucion y guerra de Cuba, por Gil Gelpi y Ferro . . . 

Habana, Tip. de la Gaceta oficial, 1887-89. 2 v. 25J cm. 

George, Marian M. A little journey to Cuba. For intermediate and upper grades. 
Chicago, A. Flanagan company, [1900+]: 93 pp. Illustrations. Col- 
ored plate, majj. 8°. (The plan book series. Teacher's edition, 
vol. IV, no. 1, Sept. 1900) 

GiBBES, Robert Wilson. Cuba for invalids. New York, W. A. Townsend and 
company, 1860. xii, 214 pp. 12°. 

GoESSMANN, Charles A. Notes on the manufacture of sugar in the island of Cuba. 
Syracuse [N. Y.]: Journal book and job office, 1865. 16 pp. 8°. 

Gomez de la Maza, Manuel. Diccionario botanico de los nombres vulgares cubanos 
y puerto-riquenos; por Manuel (lomez de la Maza . . . Habana, Impr. 
" La Antilla" de G. Cacho-Negrete, 1889. 115 p. 25^^ cm. 
" Obras locales consultadas": p. [7] 

Flora habanera. Fanerogamas; por el Dr. Manuel Gomez de la Maza . . . 

Habana, Lib., imp. y fabrica de sellos de goma, "La Moderna poesia," 
1897. 597 pp. 19 cm. 

" Trabaj OS botdnicos del autor": p. [575J-576. 

Gonzales Carranza, Domingo. A geographical description of the coasts, harbours, 
and sea ports of the Spanish West-Indies; particularly of Porto Bello, 
Cartagena, and the island of Cuba. With observations of the currents, 
and the variations of the compass in the Bay of Mexico, and the north sea 



S48 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

of America. Tr. from a curious and authentic manuscript, written in 
Spanish by Domingo Gonzales Carranza, His Cathohck Majesty's princi- 
pal pilot of the flota in New Spain, anno 1718. To which is added, an 
appendix, containing Capt. Parker's own account of his taking the town 
of Porto Bello, in the year 1601. With an index, and a new and correct 
chart of the whole; as also plans of the Havannah, Porto-Bello, Cartagena, 
and La Vera Cruz . . . London, Printed for the editor, C. Smith, 1740. 
xi, 13-136, [8] pp. front, (fold, map) 1 fold. pL, 4 fold, plans. 22^ cm. 

Gonzalez de la Poetilla, Bruno. Discurso . . . con motivo de la apertura del tri- 
bunal de la Real audiencia en 2 de Enero del presente afio de 1836. Puerto 
Principe, Afio de 1836. Imprenta de gobierno y real hacienda. (2), 9 
pp. 12°. 

Gonzalez de los Rios, Pelayo. Ensayo historico-estadistico de la instruccion pii- 
blica de la isla de Cuba. O breve reseiia de sus adelantos, de su estado 
actual y de su reforma, particularmente de la instruccion primaria, prece- 
dido de varios estudios sobre ensefianza. [Habana, 1865] L. 8°. 
Extract from Memorias de la Real Soeiedad economica y anales de fomento. 

Gonzalez del Valle, M. La poesia lirica en Cuba. Barcelona, 1900. 
Gonzalez Parrado, Julian. Divagaciones militares. Coleccion de articulos. 3. 
ed., corregida y aumentada. Habana, Imp. de la S. de Infanteria, 1898. 
281 pp. 16°. 

"Episodios de la insurrecci6n de Cuba," pp. 1-139; "Estudios hist6ricos-militares." 
pp. 142-181. 

Gonzalez Ponce de Llorente, Antonio. Eeflexiones politicas sobre las actuales 

circunstancias de la Isla de Cuba. Trinidad, Impr. del Correo, 1851. 

30 pp. 8°. 
Goodman, Walter. The Pearl of the Antilles, or. An artist in Cuba. London, 

Henry S. King & co., 1873. xiv, 304 pp. 8°. 
Gordon y de Acosta, Antonio de. Critica medica de nuestra obstetrica legal en 

cuanto a los partos precoces y tardios . . . Habana, J. Huguet, 1900. 

30 pp. 8°. 

Datos historicos acerca de los cementerios de la ciudad de la Habana . . . 

Habana, Impr. de J. Huguet, 1901. 40 pp. 8°. 

Higiene colonial en Cuba, trabajo leido en las sesiones celebradas los dias 24 

de febrero y 10 de marzo de 1895. (Real academia de ciencias m^dicas, 
fisicas y naturales de la Habana) Habana, Sarachaga y H. Miyares, 1895. 
57 pp. 8°. 

Higiene del ciclismo en Cuba, discurso leido en la sesion celebranda el dia 19 

de febrero de 1894. (Soeiedad de Higiene de la Habana) Habana, 
A. Miranda, 1894. 16 pp. 8°. 

La Iglesia y la cremacion. Habana, Imprenta la moderna, 1893. 19 pp. 8°. 

An address before the Soeiedad de Higiene de la Habana, Dec. 11, 1893. 

Los incendios, los bomberos y la higiene, trabajo leido en la sesion celebrada 

el dia 5 de julio de 1894. (Soeiedad de Higiene de la Habana) Habana, 
"La moderna," 1894. 73 pp. 8°. 

Una responsabilidad de nuestros cafes, trabajo leido en las sesiones cele- 

bradas, los dias 8 de noviembre y 8 de diciembre de 1895. Habana, 
Imprenta "El Figaro," 1896. 42 pp. 8°. [Real academia de ciencias 
medicas, fisicas y naturales de la Habana] 

El tabaco en Cuba. Apuntes para su historia. Habana, Tipografia La 

Propaganda literaria libreria 1 897. 85 pp. 8°. 

La tuberculosis en la Habana desde el punto de vista social y economico . . . 

Habana, Imprenta militar, 1899. 32 pp. 8°. S. 



1 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 349 

Graham, John, 1722-1796. Extracts from the Journal of the Reverend John Gra- 
ham, chaplain of the First Connecticut regiment, Colonel Lyman. From 
Se^Dtember 25th to October 19th, 1762, at the siege of Havana. Printed 
by order of the fourth General court of the Society of colonial wars in the 
state of New York . . . New York, 1896. 18 p. incl. facsim. 24 cm. 
Granier db Cassagnag, [Bernard] A[dolphe] Voyage aux Antilles, fran^aises, 
anglaises, danoises, espagnoles; a Saint-Domingue et aux Etats-Unis 
d'Amerique . . . Par A. Granier de Cassagnac. Paris, Dauvin et Fon- 
taine, 1842-44. 2 V. 8°. 

Imprint of v. 2: Paris, Au comptoir des imprimetirs-unis. 

Contents.— 1 ptie. Les Antilles franpaises. — 2 ptie. Les Antilles anglaises, danoises, et 
espagnoles, Saint-Domingue et les Etats-Unis. 

Great Britain. Admiralty. The West India pilot, vol. ii. The Caribbean sea, 
from Barbados to Cuba; with Florida strait, Bahama and Bermuda islands. 
Originally compiled by E. Barnett. London, printed for the Hydrographic 
office. Admiralty, 1887. 8°. 

Pages 192-221 describe the coast of Porto Rico and the Mona passage; pp. 367-469 the 
coast of Cuba. ^ 

Foreign Office. Consuls. Commercial reports, 1869-70. Report on the 

trade and commerce of Cuba in March, 1870. pp. 658-663. 

(J?i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1871. vol.65.) 

Same, 1871. Report on trade and shipping in the island of 

Cuba for the year 1870-71. pp. 741-748. 

(7n Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1870. vol.66.) 

. Same (1872). Report on trade and shipping at Havana, and 



some other ports in Cuba, for 1871-72. pp. 512-536. 

(Jn Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1872. vol.57.) 

Same. Havana: Supplemental report ... on the exports 

from . . . Cuba for . .' . 1872. pp. 1048-1051. 

{I7i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1873. vol. 65.) 

Same (1874), no. 22. Report on the trade and commerce of 



Cuba for 1873. pp. 1473-1488. 

(Jw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1874. vol.67.) 

Same (1878), no. 1. Report on the trade, commerce, agri- 



culture, etc., of the island of Cuba, to the end of the crop, 1876-77. pp. 
213-245. 

(Iw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878. vol.73.) 

Same. Report on the trade and commerce of St. Jago de 



Cuba for 1876. pp. 280-281. 

(7w Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878. vol.73.) 

Same (1878), no. 24. Cuba. Reports on the trade and com- 



merce for 1877 of Cardenas, Cienfuegos, Havana, Matanzas, Remedies, 
Sagua St. Jago, Trinidad de Cuba. pp. 1717-1733. 

(J7i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878. vol.75.) 

Same (1879), no. 13. Report on the trade and commerce of 



Havana for 1878. pp. 546-560. 

(Jn Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878-9. vol.70.) 

Same (1879), no. 13. Report on the trade and commerce of 



St. Jago de Cuba for 1878. pp. 591-2. 

(7n Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878-79. vol.70.) 

Same (1879), no. 6. Report on the trade, commerce, and 



agriculture of the island of Cuba for the financial year 1877-78 (Havana) . 
pp. 245-269. 

(I» Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878-9. vol.70.) 



350 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Great Britain. Foreign Office. Consuls. (1880), Part VII. Havana, 1879. pp. 
1781-1833.- St. Jago de Cuba, 1879. pp. 1859-1861. 

(Jw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1880. vol.75.) 

Same (1883), no. 14. Part III. Report on the commerce 

and navigation of the island of Cuba for 1880, 1881, and 1882. pp. 430-442. 
{/7i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1883. vol.73.) 

Same (1884), no. 10. Correspondence respecting the com- 
mercial convention concluded between Spain and the United States rela- 
tive to the West India trade. London, 1884. 13 pp. 
(Jn Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1884. vol.83.) 
"For improving the trade relations between the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico and 
the United States of America." 

Same (1884) , no. 40. Reports on manufactures, commerce, 

etc. . . . Part IV. Cuba: Report by Arthur Hardinge on a scheme 
recently adopted by the Spanish Government for introducing reforms into 
Cuba. pp. 469-480. 

(Jw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1884-85. vol.76.) 

Same (1885), no. 17. Report ork the commerce and agricul- 



ture of the island of Cuba for 1883 and 1884. pp. 632-671. 
(7w Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1884r-85. vol.78.) 

Diplomatic and consular reports. Annual series, 1886, no. 10. Re- 
port on the trade of Cuba for the year 1885. London, 1886. (2), 10 
pp. F°. 

(Tw Pari, sessional papers. 1887. vol.86.) 

Same, 1887, no. 205. Report for the year 1886 on the trade, 



etc., of the island of Cuba. London, 1887. (2), 11 pp. F° 
(Jm Pari, sessional papers. 1887. vol.86.) 

Same, 1888, no. 327. Report for the year 1887 on the trade 

of Havana (Cuba). London, 1888. 18 pp. 

(/w Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1888. vol.103.) 

Same, 1892, no. 1132. Report for the year 1891 on the trade, 

agriculture, mining, &c., of St. Jago de Cuba. London, 1892. (2), 32 pp. 
Folded map. 8°. 

Same, 1895, no. 1643. Report for the year 1894. London, 



1895. (2), 19 pp. Folded map. 8°. 

Same, 1893, no. 1213. Report for the year 1892 on the trade 

of the consulate-general at Havana. London, 1893. (2), 27 pp. 8°. 

Same, 1894. Report for the year 1893. London, 1894. (2), 



30 pp. 8°. 

Same, 1894, no. 1356. Report for the year 1893 on the trade, 



etc., of the district of the consulate-general at Havana. London, 1894. 
(2), 30 pp. 

(7?i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1894. vol.88.) 

Same, 1895, no. 1643. Report for the year 1894 on the trade. 



etc., of St. Jago de Cuba. London, 1895. (2), 19 pp. Folded coloured 
map. 

(/h Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1896. vol.88.) 

Same, 1895, no. 1524. Report for the year 1894 on the trade 

of district of the consulate-general at Havana. London, 1895. (2), 28 pp. 
(7?7 Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1895. vol.100.) 

Report for the year 1895 on the trade, etc., of the consular dis- 
trict of Havana. London, 1896. (2), 18 pp. 

(i?!. Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1896. vol.88.) 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 351 

Great Britain. Foreign Office. Consuls. Annual series, 1897, no. 1880. Report 
for the 5'ear 1896 on the trade of the consular district of Havana. London, 
1897. (2), 18 pp. 

(Jw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1897. vol.93.) 

Same, 1897, no. 1940. Report for the year 1896 on the trade 

of the consular district of Santiago de Cuba. London, 1897. (2), 18 pp. 
{In Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1897. vol. 93.) 
Santiago: pp. 1-12; Baracoa: pp. 13-14; Manzanillo: pp. 15-16; Gibara: pp. 17; Banes: 
pp. 18. 

Same, no. 2361. Report for the year 1898 on the trade and 



commerce of the consular district of Havana. London, 1899. 14 pp. 

Same, no. 2473. Report for the year 1899 on the trade and 



commerce of the island of Cuba. London, 1900. 27 pp. 

Same, no. 2674. United States. Report for the year 1900 on 

the trade and commerce of the island of Cuba. London, 1901. 37 pp. 8°. 
Same, no. 2909. United States. Report for the year 1901 on 



the trade and commerce of the island of Cuba. London, 1902. 30 pp. 

— Same, no. 3076. Cuba. Report for the year 1902 on the 



trade and commerce of the island of Cuba. London, 1903. 24 pp. 

Miscellaneous series, 1887, no. 59. Report on the mining 



industry of the District of Santiago de Cuba. London, 1887. (2) , 5 pp. F° 
(Jw Parliamentary sessional papers. 1887. vol.32.) Continued in no. 177 of 1890. 

Same, 1889, no. 115. Report on the tobacco industries of 



Cuba. London, 1889. (2), 3 pp. 

Same, 1890, no. 177. Further report on the inineral deposits 



of the island of Cuba. London, 1890. (2), 3 pp. 
Continuation of Report no. 59, 1887. 

Parliament. Coi'respondence respecting slavery in Cuba. London, 1879. 

8 pp. 

(i?i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878-79. vol.66.) 

■ Correspondence between the United States, Spain, and France con- 
cerning alleged projects of conquest and annexation of the island of Cuba. 
London, 1853. 84 pp. 

(/?i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1852-53. vol. cii.) 

Correspondence with Britifih representatives and agents abroad, and 

reports from naval officers relating to the slave trade. London, 1879. 
(/?i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878-9. vol.66.) 
Havana, pp. 88-94. 

Correspondence with British representatives and agents abroad, and 

reports from naval officers relating to the slave trade. London, 1878. 
(Jn Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878. vol.67.) 
Spain, pp. 218-221; Havana, pp. 221-230. 

Correspondence with the British commissioners at . . . Havana 

. . . and reports from British vice admiralty courts, and from British 
naval officers, relating to the slave trade. From April 1, 1853, to March 
31, 1854. London, 1854. 

{In Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1854. vol. lxxiii.) 
Havana, pp. 5-67. 

Report on the labour question in Cuba. London, 1878. 3 pp. 

(In Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878. vol.67.) 

Return of the number of negro slaves imported into Brazil and Cuba, 

. respectively, between January and October, 1852. London, 1852-53. 
(Jw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1852-53. vol. cii.) 
Gkonlier, Enrique. Flores de mi vida. Poesias . . . Habana, Imprenta nacional 
y estranjera, 1862. 128 pp. 8°. 



352 HANDBOOK liA. 

GuAEDiA, Vicente de la. Estadistica demogratico sanitaria de la ciudad de la 
Habana, ano 1891. Habana, Tipografia de Alvarez y compania, 1892. 
10 (2) pp. 12 folded sheets. 1.8°. unbound. 

Estadistica demognifico-sanitaria de la Habana. Ano de 1893 (algunas notas 

relativas al asunto). Sarachaga y H. Miy ares, Habana. [1893] 13(30) 
pp. 3 folded sheets. 8°. (Real Academia de ciencias medicas, fisicasas 
y naturales. ) 
GuERKEKO, Rafael. Cronica de la guerra de Cuba (1895) escrita por Rafael Guerrero 
con los datos suministrados por los corresponsales de Habana y New York 
y documentos adquiridos al efecto . . . Barcelona, M. Maucci, 1895-97. 
5 V. illus. (incl. ports.) fold. map. 25 cm. 
Added t. -p., illus. (in V. 1) 
Vol. 1 ; 3 ed. 

Title varies; v. 2-3: Cronica de la guerra de Cuba (1895-96) — v. 4: Cr6nica de la guerra 
de Cuba y de la rebeli6n de Filipinas (1895-96) — v. 5: Cronica de la guerra de Cuba 
y de la rebeli6n de Filipinas (1895-96-97)— 

Guerrero, Teodoro. La Habana por furera. Cuadros de la vida Cubana. Habana, 
imprenta y librerias El Iris, 1866. (2), xii, viii (2), 7-521 (1) pp. 8°. 
Pp. ii-xii, contain an article by Jos6 Maria C(3spedes on "La novela en Cuba." 

GuiA DE PORASTEROs de la isla de Cuba y calendario manual. Habana, [1816-1863] 
30 vols. 24°. 

Library has: 1«17, 1822, 1824, 1825, 1828-1830, 1832-1819, 1852, 1863, 185,9, 1861, 1864. 

Guide to Havana, Mexico, and New York. A description of the principal cities of 
the island of Cuba and of Mexico . . . Also Guia de Nueva York y los 
EstadosUnidos . . . NewYork,W.r. Smith &co., 1885. lp.l.,78pp. 8°. 
Guide to Cuba and Mexico in English; guide to the United States in Spanish. 

GuiTERAS, John, editor. Free Cuba, her oppression, struggle for liberty, history, and 
present condition, with the Causes and justification of the present war for 
independence, by Rafael M. Merchdn, one of the leaders of the Cuban 
patriots. The history of the war, by Gonzalo de Quesada, Cuban charge 
d'affaires at Washington, and special chapters by F. G. Pierra, chairman 
of the revolutionary committee of the United States, and by Capt. Ricardo 
J. Navarro, of the Cuban army. Edited by Dr. John Guiteras, of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania. [Philadelphia] Publishers' union, 1896. 617 
pp. illustrations. 12°. 

GuiTEKAS, Pedro J[ose] Historia de la conquista de la Habana. (1762) Escrita 
, por Pedro J. Guiteras. Filadelfia, Parry and McMillan, 1856. 188 pp. 
20 cm. 

Historia de la isla de Cuba; con notas e ilustraciones. Nueva York, Jorje 

R. Lock wood [etc.], 1865-1866. 2 v. 8°. 

Gutierrez y Salazar, Pedro. Reformas de Cuba. Cuestion social. Abolicion de 
la esclavitud, indemnizacion d los perjudicados con la abolicion por medio 
de la orgariizacion del trabajo, de la inmigracion y de las reformas econo- 
micas y administrativas que deben plantearse inmediatamente, con dos 
ap^ndices de interes para los generales y permanentes de la isla de Cuba. 
Madrid, Imprenta de Manuel G. Hernandez, 1879. 85 (2), pp. 8°. 

Gundlach Juan. Contribucion d la mamalogia cubana. Habana, Imprenta de G. 
Montiel y comp^, 1877. pp. 1-16, 25-53. 8°. 
Unbound, Smithsonian. 

Contribucion d la entomologia cubana. Habana, Imprenta de Montiel, 

1881. 8°. 

Imperfect, pp. 1-220; 325-412. Lacks pp. 221-324; 413 et seq. 
Unbound, SBiithsonian. 



I 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. . 353 

GuNDLACH Juan. Contribucion ii la erpetologia cubana. Havana, G. Monteil & co,. 
1880, 99 p. 8°. 

Reprinted from the Anales de la Real Academia, Havana, Oct. 15, 1880. 

Contribucion li ornitologia cubana. Habana, Imp. "La Antilla," 1876. 8°. 

Imperfect. PP- 113-364 only. 
Unbound, Smithsonian. 

Contribucion ^ la mamalogia cubana. Habana, 1877. 8°. 

Contribucion d la fauna malacologia cubana. Habana, 1878. 8°. 

Contribucion d la entomologia cubana. Habana, 1881. 8°. 

Contribucion d la erpetologia cubana. Habana, 1880. 8°. 

GuENEY, Joseph John. A av inter in the West Indies, described in familiar letters 
to Henry Clay, of Kentucky. London, John Gurney [etc.], 1840. xvi, 
282 pp. Plates. 8°. 
Cuba, pp. 153-169. 

Habana [Jos6 Gutierrez de la Concha y de Irigoyeii] marques de la, 1809-1895. 
Memoria sobre la guerra de la isla de Cuba y sobre su estado politico y 
economico desde abril de 1874 hasta marzo de 1875, por el capitdn general 
de ejercito, marques de la Habana. Madrid, Establecimiento tipogrdfico 
de R. Labajos, 1875. xv, [17J-178, [177J-179 p. fold. map. 23 cm. 

Memorias sobre el estado politico, gobierno y administracion de la isla de 

Cuba. Por el teniente general Don Jose de la Concha. Madrid, J. Tru- 
jillo, 1853. ixp., 1 1., 362, 41 [2] p. fold. map. 25 J cm. 
Habana. Carta de un patriota; 6 sea Clamor de , loa Cubanos dirigido d sus pro- 
curadores d Cortes. [Cadiz, 1835] 15 p. 19i cm. 
Caption title. 

Hall, A. D. Cuba: its past, present, and future. New York, Street & Smith, [1898.] 

178 pp. 12°. (Historical series, no. 1). 

Hallam, G[eorge] Narratives of a voyage from Montego Bay, in the island of 

Jamaica, to England . . . across the island of Cuba to Havanna [ !] : from 

thence to Charles Town, South Carolina, Newcastle on the Delaware, and 

Baltimore, Maryland; and by land to Washington and back; thence -to 

Philadelphia, and through the Jerseys, to New York, where he embarked 

. . . and made the voyage to Havre-de-Grace, in France . . . Performed 

in the autumn, 1809. Also of a voyage from England to Barbadoes by Cadiz, 

Teneriffe, and Guadaloupe, in 1810. By G. Hallam . . . London, Printed 

for C. J. G. & F. Rivington, 1831. iv, 112 p. front, (fold, map) 12°. 

"The following narrative was hastilj^ committed to paper at the moment the voyage 

and journey were executing, with a view to recollect the scenes that presented 

themselves, and such information as the author, an old military officer, could collect, 

especially relative to the Havanna, the capture of which had, in the year 1761-2, cost 

England the lives ot so many brave British olflcers, seamen, and soldiers; to say 

nothing of the money expended in carrying it into effect; and to record such obser- 

Aations, If permitted to obtain them, as should point out the way, on any future 

occasion, of effecting the same glorious purpose without any of the fatal and expen ■ 

sive effects that attended that expedition before mentioned under LoM Albe- 

marie." — Preface. 

Halstead, Murat, 1829- Our new possessions. Natural riches, industrial resources 
... of Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii, the Ladrones and the Philippine islands, 
with episodes of their early history . . . Chicago, The Dominion co., 
1898. 400 pp., illus., pi., port., map. 8°. 

Issued simultaneously also under the title " The story of the Philippines." 

Pictorial history of America's new possessions, the Isthmian canals, and the 

problem of expansion . . . with chapters on the policy of American 
expansion, contributed by President William McKinley, ex-Pres. Grover 

159a— 05 23 



354 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Cleveland . . . [and others] By Murat Halstead . . . Chicago, The 
Dominion company [1898] 681 pp. incl. illus., pi., maps. 252- cm. 

The story of Cuba. Her struggles for liberty; the cause, crisis and destiny of 

the Pearl of the Antilles. Graphically illustrated with numerous typical 
photographic reproductions and original drawings. Chicago, The "Werner 
company, 1896. 503 pp., pL, map. 8°. 

The story of Cuba : her struggles for liberty ; the cause, crisis and destiny of the 

Pearl of the Antilles, by Murat Halstead . . . 6th ed. — rev. to date. 
Akron, 0., The Werner co. [1898] 649 pp. incl. front., pi., port., map. 
pi., port. 8°. 
Hann, J. Klima von Cuba. 

{I7i Meteorologische Zeitschrift, vol. 16, Nov., 1899, pp. 505-508) 

H^NNAFOED, E. Map and, history of Cuba from the latest and best authorities, 
including a clear and graphic account of the war of 1895-1897. Mast, 
Crowell & Kirkpatrick, Springfield, Ohio, ~1897. 32 pp., folded map. 
32°. 

War map and history of Cuba . . . also including the opening of the 

American-Spanish war from the latest official and most authentic sources. 
Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick, Springfield, Ohio, 1898. 64 pp., 2 fold, 
maps. 24°. 

^Hardy, [Richardson] The history and adventures of the Cuban expedition, from 
the first movements down to the dispersion of the army at Key West, and 
the arrest of General Lopez, also: An account of the ten deserters at Isla 
de Mugeres. By Lieutenant Hardy, of the Kentucky battalion. Cincin- 
nati, L. Stratton, 1850. 94 pp. 13 J cm. 

Harrison, James A. Spain in history. Introduction by G. Mercer Adam.' Revised 
and enlarged. The Werner company. New York [1898] xxviii, 603 
pp. plates (photogravures) maps. 8°. 

Pp. 557-588, "Cuba, and war with the United States." 

Havana. Arancel provisional de los derechos en las actuaciones de los relatores, 
escribanos de camara y demas dependientes de la audiencia pretorial de la 
fidelisima ciudad de la Habana. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y capi- 
tania general por S. M., 1839. 15 pp. 12°. 

Ayuntamiento. Acuerdos hechos por el Ayuntamiento de la Havana, en 

cumplimiento del real decreto de 14 de febrero de 1810, convocando d las 
Americas it lasproximas Cortes nacionales. Havana, P. N. Palmer [1810] 
4 p. 1., 18 p. 19 cm. 

Caja de ahorros, descuentos y depositos. Cajadeahorros, descuentos y deposi- 

tos. Alio de 1840 ti 1841! Informe del secretario sobre los trabajos del 
primer afiio economico de la caja . . . Habana, Impr. de R. Oliva, 1841. 
15 pp. 22 cm. 

( mth Sociedad general del credito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 1861) 

' Reglamento directivo y economico de la caja de ahorros . . . creada 

por la indicacion y bajo los auspicios del . . . Seilor Principe de Anglona, 
marques de Javalquinto. Habana, Oficina del gobierno, 1840. 12 pp. 
19^ cm. 

{With Sociedad general del crodito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 181)1. 
22 cm.) 

Colegio de Belen. . . . Album conmemorativo del quincuagesimo anivcr- 

sario de la fundacion en la Habana del Colegio de Belen de la C-omjiania 
de Jesus. Habana, Impr. Avisador comercial, 1904. [iii]-viii, -135 jip., ] 1., 
pis., ports. 25 cm. 
At head of title: I. H. S. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 355 

Havana. Comision encargada del estudio paraabastecerdeaguas potables alaHabana. 
Memoria sobre el proyecto de conduccion d, la Habana de las aguas de los 
manantiales de Vento. Formado de orden del . . . gobernador capitan 
general de la isla de Cuba, D. Jose Gutierrez de la Concha. Por la Comi- 
sion encargada del estudio para abastecer de aguas potables d la Habana. 
Redactada por el presidente de la misma coronel . . . D. Francisco de 
Alvear y Lara. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y capitania general por 
S. M., 1856. 2 p. 1., X pp., 1 1., 149, 47 pp. fold, plans. 32 cm. 

Compaiiia de almacenes de deposito del puerto de la Habana. Reglamento 

de la Compania de almacenes de deposito del puerto de la Habana esta- 
blecida en esta ciudad. Habana, Soler y cia., 1842. 19 pp. 20 cm. 

( With Sociedad general del cr6dito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 1861. 
'2'2 cm.) 

Liceo artistico y literario de la Habana. Informe de las tareas artisticas y 

literarias del Liceo de la Habana, en los trece meses corridos desde su insta- 
l^cionhasta el 1° de noviembre de 1845: y resumen general de las cuentas 
de gastos 6 ingresos en el mismo periodo. Habana, Impr. del gobierno, 
1845. 35 pp. 8°. 

Appended: Nomina de los socios existentes en el Liceo . . . 1845. 

Nomina de los socios existentes en el Liceo artistico y literario de la 

Habana el dia 1° de noviembre de 1845. Habana, Iinpr. del gobierno, 
1845. 30 pp. 8°. 

( With its Informe de las tareas artisticas y literarias . . . Habana, 1845) 

Eeal sociedad de la economica. Acto solemne de la distribucion de los pre- 

mios obtenidos por la isla de Cuba en la exposicion universal de Paris. 
Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y capitania general por S. M., 1857. 12 
pp. 8°. . 

Expedition of 1762. Rhode Island contingent. Correspondence. 

{In Rhode Island historical society. Publications, new series, vol. 6, Jan., 1899, pp. 
219-224) 

Hazard, Samuel, 1834-1876. . . . Cuba with pen and pencil. By Samuel Hazard 
. . . Hartford, Conn., Hartford publishing co.; New York, Meeks broth- 
ers; [etc., etc.] 1871. xvi, [17] -584 pp., front., illus., pi. 8°. 
At head of title: " m siempre fiel isla." 

[Hernandez, Jacinto] Cuba por dentro. [n. p. 187-] 54 pp. 8°. 
Bound with [Betancourt, J. R.] " Las dos banderas." 
Caption-title. 

Herrero, Migxiel Blanco. Isla de Cuba. Su situacion actual y reformas que 
reclama. Madrid, 1876. 86, (1) pp. 8°. 

■- Politica de Espafia en ultramar. 2" ed. Madrid, Imprenta de F. G. Perez, 

1890. 674 pp. 8°. 

Herrings, J. Kxiba und der krieg. Eine darstellung der ereignisse wahrend des 
spanisch-amerikanischen krieges nach eigener anschauung des verfassers, 
sowie ein leitfaden fiir "Kuba-lustige." New York, C. Wildermann, 1899. 
209, [1] p. illus., map. 8°. 

Hespel d'Harponville, Gustave, vicomte d'. La reine des Antilles; ou, Situation 
actuelle de I'ile de Cuba, precis topographique et statistique, histoire, 
geographic, agriculture, commerce, administration et moeurs, par le vte 
Gustave d' Hespel d'Harponville ... Paris, Gide et Baudry, 1850. 
2 p. 1., ii, 494, [2] pp., fold, maps, tab. 8°. 



356 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Hill, Robert Thomas, 1858- Cuba. 

{In National geographic magazine, vol. 9, May, 1898, pp. 193-242. Washington, 1898. 
8°) 

Cuba and Porto Eico, with the other islands of the West Indies; their 

topography, dimate, flora, products, industries, cities, people, political 
conditions, etc. New York, The Century co., 1898. xxviii, 429 pp., pL, 
maps. 8°. 

London, T. F. Unwin, 1898. xxviii, 429 pp., pL, maps. 



Notes on the forest conditions of Porto Rico. Washington, Government 

printing oflice, 1899. 48 pp., pis. 8°. (U. S. Dept. of agric, Div. of 
forestry. Bulletin no. 25) 

Notes on the Tertiary and later history of the Island of Cuba. 

{In American Journal of science, 3rd series, vol. 48 (1894), 196-212) 

Hills, Elljah Clarence. Bardos cubanos; antologia de las mejores poesias liricas 
de Heredia, "Placido," Avellaneda, Milanes, Mendive, Luaces, y Zenea. 
Boston, D. C. Heath y cia., 1901. iv, 162 pp. 18 J cm. 

"Bibliografia:" pp. 155-159. 

HoADLEY, Edgar R. His baptism of war among Spaniards and Cuban insur- 
gents . . . London & New York, F. T. Neely [1898] vi, 5-253 pp., 
pi. 12°. 

HojAS LiTERARiAs; por Manucl Sanguily; ano 1-2; t. 1-5, marzo 31, 1893-dic. 31, 
1894. Habana, A. del Monte [1893; M. Sanguily, 1894] 5 v. 12°. 
vol. 4-5 paged continuously. 

Howe, Julia Ward (Mrs.) A trip to Cuba. Boston, Ticknor and Fields, 1860. 
iv, 251 pp. 12°. 

A reprint of articles published in the Atlantic Monthly, May-Nov., 1859. 

HuBER, B. Apergu statistique de I'ile de Cuba, precede de quelques lettres sur la 
Havane, et suivi de tableaux synoptiques, d'une carte de I'ile, et du trace 
des cotes depuis la Havane jusqu'a Matanzas. Par B. Huber . . . Paris, 
P. Dufart, 1826. 331, [1] pp. fold, map, 6 fold. tab. 23 cm. 

■ ■ Considerations geographiques et statistiques sur I'ile de Cuba. 

{In Societe de geographic. Bulletin, vol. 12, pp. 267-279. Paris, 1829. 8°) 

Observations sur les progres de la population, <^ 1' agriculture et du commerce 

de Matanzas. 

{In Society de geographic. Bulletin, vol. 10, pp. 272-280. Paris, 1828. 8°) 

HuLST, J[ohn] B. Het verdrukte Cuba en zijne verlossing, of De geschiedenis van 
Cuba, vanaf zijne ontdekking tot aan zijne bevrijding van Spanje's juk, 
alsook van den Spaansch-Amerikaanschen oorlog, op eenvoudige wijze 
verteld aan het Nederlandsch volk. Grand Rapids, Mich., J. B. Hulst 
[1898] 263, [1] pp. 12°. 

Humboldt, Alexander, i. e. Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander, freiherr von. 
Ensayo politico sobre la isla de Cuba, por el baron A. de Humboldt . . . 
obra traducida al castellano por D. J. B. de V. y M. Paris, J. Renouard, 
1827. 1 p. 1., xxxii, 361, [3] pp., map. 21 cm. 

In the Paris edition of 1840, which corresponds with this, word for word, 3os6 Lopez de 
Bustamante is given as translator. 

Ensayo politico sobre la Isla de Cuba, por el baron A. de Humboldt . . . obra 

traducida al castellano por D. Jose Lopez de Bustamante. Nueva ed. 
Pan's, Lecointe y Lasserre, 1840. 2 p. 1., xxxii, 361, [3] pp., fold. map. 
8°. 

Essai i:)olitique sur I'ile de Cuba; par Alexandre de Humboldt. Avec une 

carte et un supplement qui renferme des considerations sur la population, 
la richesse territoriale et le commerce de I'archipel des Antilles et de 
Colombia. Paris, J. Smith [etc.] 1820. 2 v. map. 8°. 

Extract from " Voyage aux regions 6quinoxiales du nouveau continent," 



HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 357 

Humboldt, Alexander. Des Freiherrn Alexander von Humboldt und Aime Bonp- 
land Keise in die Aequinoctial-Gegenden des neuen Continents, fiir die 
reifere Jugend zur belehrenden unterhaltung bearbeitet von G. A. 
Wimmer. Mit Kupfern und charten. Wien, 1830. 4 vols. 16°. 
Vol. 4, pp. 279-388 on Cuba. 

The island of Cuba. Translated from the Spanish, with notes and prelimi- 

nary essay. New York, Derby & Jackson, 1856. 397 pp. , folded map. 12°. 

The travels and researches of Alexander von Humboldt; being a condensed 

narrative of his journeys in the equinoctial regions of America . . . with 
analyses of his more important investigations. By W. Macgillivray. 2d 
ed. Edinburgh, 1832. 424 pp. 16°. 

Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the new continent, 

during the years 1799-1804 . . . Translated by Helen Maria Williams. 
London, Longman, Hurst, Eees, Orme, and Brown, 1822-1829. 7vols. 8°. 

"Vol. 7, pp. 1-376 contain " Political essay on the Island of Cuba," translated from the 
following work. 

Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland. 6" partie, botanique. Plantes ^quino- 

xiales recueillies au Mexique dans I'ile de Cuba. Paris, 1808-1809. 2 vols, 
pie. F«. 

Voyages aux regions ^quinoxiales du nouveau continent, faft en 1799, 1800, 

1801, 1802, 1803, etl804, parAl.de Humboldt et A. Bonpland; redige par 
Alexandre de Humboldt. Avec deux atlas (Eelation historique) Paris, 
J. Smith, 1825. 4 vols. 4°; atlas, 2 vols. F". 

Vol. 3, pp. 345-483 contain Humboldt's Essai politique sur I'lle de Cuba. 

HuEACAN de 1846. Kesena de sus estragos en la Isla de Cuba, y relacion ordenada de 
las perdidas y desgracias sufridas en las poblaciones y puertos que visito, 
el memorable df a 11 de octubre . . . Habana, Oficiua del Faro industrial, 
. 1846. 72 pp. 16 cm. 

" Escrito 6 impreso para los suscritores del Faro." 

[HuELBUT, William Heney] 1827-1895. Gan-Eden: or pictures of Cuba . . . 
[anon.] Boston, J. P. Jewett and co. ; New York, Sheldon, Lamport, 
and Blakeman, [etc., etc.] 1854. viii pp., 2 L, 235, [1] pp. 12°. 
Added t.-p., illus. 

Ile de Cuba. Tableau de la population des villes et bourgs de cette ile en 1842. 
{In Societe de geographie. Bulletin, vol. 20, 2^ s6rie, pp. 124-128. Paris, 1843. 8°.) 

Illusteated (The) Buffalo Express. Souvenir of the war with Spain. The com- 
plete pictorial story of naval and military operations. Buffalo, N. Y., 
The Express, 1898. 10 pts. obi. 4°. 
Library has v. 1, pts. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7-12. 

Insua, Waldo A-. Finis. IJltimos dias de Espana en Cuba. Madrid, Impr. de 

Romero, 1901. 394 pp. 8°. 
Inteenational Bueeau of the American Republics, Washington, D. C. Import 

duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico. Derechos de importacion en Cuba y 

Puerto Rico . . . [Washington, Gov't print, off., 1891] v, 114 pp. 22^ 

cm. {In Bulletin no. 10, July, 1891) 
English and Spanish. 

Isla de Cuba. Refutacion de varios articulos concernientes a ese pais publicados 
en el Diario de Barcelona en los meses de junio y julio 1859, por un Cubano. 
Paris, D'Aubussoii y Kugelmann, 1859. 2 p. 1., 56 pp. 21 cm. 
The Island op Cuba. Magazine. Science and industry applied to civilization, 
health and wealth in hot climates, vol. 1, nos. 1, 2, 3. Havana, The 
Island of Cuba publishing co. [1899] 8°. 
Publication discontinued. 
Arthur Codezo Vin^geras, ed. 



858 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Jackson, Julia Newell. A winter holiday in summer lands. Chicago, A. C. 

McClurg and company, 1890. (2), 221 pp. plates, woodcuts) 12°. 
Jasme-Valcourt e Iznakdi, D. Jose G. Memoria relativa a la empresa de la carta 

geografio-topografica de la Isla de Cuba. Dada ii luz en Barcelona el afio 

1835. Barcelona, Viuda e Hijos de D. Antonio Brusi, marzo 1837. 

56 pp. 8°. 
Jesus Maequez, Jose de. Placido y los conspiradores de 1844 por Jose de Jesus 

Marquez . . . Habana, Imp. la Constancia, 1894. 62 pp. 22J cm. 
" Publicado en la ' Revista cubana.' " » 

Jimenez de la Romera, Waldo. Cuba, Puerto-Rico y Filipinas. Barcelona, Daniel 
Cortezo y c% 1887. 944pp. illus. pis. (photogravures.) 8°. (Espafia: 
sua monumentos y artes — su naturaleza e historia) 
Cuba, pp. 7-371, 905-926. 

Jones, Alexander, 1802-1863. Cuba in 1851; containing authentic statistics of the 
population, agriculture, and commerce of the island for a series of years, 
with official and other documents in relation to the revolutionary move- 
ments of 1850 and 1851. By Alexander Jones. New York, Stringer & 
Townsend, 1851. vi, [7]-80 p. incl. 2 maps. 14 cm. 

JucAEO, Ferro-caeril DEL. Junta directiva. Informe que presenta la Junta direc- 
tiva del ferro-carril del Jucaro, a la general de los accionistas de esta 
empresa, que ha de tener lugar el 3 de junio de 1841. Habana, Impr. de 
Palmer, 1841. 11 pp. 12°. 

Junta nacional de defensa de Puerto-Principe. . . . Manifiesto. [26 de 
noviembre de 1896. Puerto Principe] Impr. "La Victoria" [1896] 1 
sheet. 36x23 cm. 

Just, Ramon. Las aspiracionesde Cuba, por D. Ramon Just . . . Paris, C. de Mour- 
gues hermanos, 1859. 64 p. 24j cm. 

Kennan, George. Campaigning in Cuba. New York, The Century co., 1899. v, 
(3), 269 pp. 8°. 

[Kenney, Edward] Report of our mission in Cuba. October, 1874— October, 1877. 
Detroit, 1878. 15 pp. 8°. 

On the work of a mission organized by the House of Bishops of the United States. 

Keppel, Thomas. The life of Augustus viscount Keppel, admiral of the White, and 
first lord of the Admiralty in 1782-3. In 2 volumes, London; Henry Col- 
burn, 1842. portrait. 8°. 

" The siege of the Havannah, 1762-3." vol. 1. pp. 339-37. 

Kimball, James P. Geological relations and genesis of the specular iron ores of 
Santiago de Cuba. In American Journal of Science. 3d ser. vol. 28. 
Dec, 1884, pp. 416-429. 

[Kimball, Richard Burleigh] Cuba and the Cubans; comprising a history of the 
island of Cuba, its present social, political, and domestic condition; also, 
its relation to England and the United States. By the author of ' ' Letters 
from Cuba." With an appendix, containing important statistics and a 
reply to Senor Saco on annexation. Translated from the Spanish [of L. 
de Frague Calvo]. Nev\ York: Samuel Hueston, 1850. 255 pp. front, 
maps. 12°. 

[KiNGSLEY, V^ine Wright.] Spain, Cuba, and the United States. Recognition and 
^ the Monroe doctrine. By Americus [pseud.] . . . New York, printed 
by C. A. Alvord, 1870. 34 p. 23 cm. 

KiRCHNER, Adelaide Rosalind. A flag for Cuba. Pen sketches of a recent trip 
across the Gulf of Mexico to the island of Cuba. Illustrated with snap- 
shot views. New York: The Mershon company, [1897]. x, 177 pp. 
illus. pis. map. 12°. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 859 

[Laborde y Navarro, Angel] JSTueva division de la isla de Cuba, en provincias 
marftimas, y subdivision de estas en distritos, para el mejor regimen y 
gobierno de las matriculas de ella, cuidado y vigilancia de sus costas, calas, 
enseadas y surgideros. Habana, J. Bolona, 1829. 1 p. 1., 24 pp. map. 
20| cm. 

Signed: Angel Laborde. 

Labr.v, Rafael Maeia de. A los electores de Sdbana Grande (Puerto-Rico). Ma- 
drid, M. G. Hernandez, 1873. 39 pp. 8°. Unbound. 

La cuestion de ultramar. Discurso pronunciado en el Congreso de los dipu- 

tados, 1° de julio de 1871. Madrid, Imprenta de J. Noguera, 1871. 55 
pp. 8°. 

On the war in Cuba. 

La reforma electoral en las antillas espafiolas. Madrid, 1891. Imprenta y 

esterreotipia. cxlvii (1), 319 pp. 16°. 
Labea [y Cadeana], Rafael M[AEiA] de, 1841- La reforma politica de Ultramar. 
Discursos y folletos de Rafael M. de Labra, 1868-1900. Madrid, Tip. de A. 
Alonso, 1901. viii, 1116 pp. 21 cm. 

" Obra formada por varios discursos y algunos folletos, con que solicits la atencion 

publica de Espafia en el agitado periodo historico comprendido entre la gloriosa [!] 

jj} r\ A» - A?evoluci6n de septiembre y los afrentosos desastres de 1898."— Pref. 

Cf-<^. H U'Z^-' "contents.— Al lector— SanromA (1860-95)— La republica y las libertades de Ultramar— 

■U-^A^t^ Cu^CUltfJ La cuestion de Ultramar en 1871— La cuestion de Cuba en 1898— Los problemas de 

/<; ;■ j^ Ultramar en 1898— Aspecto internacional de la cuesti6n de Cuba— El tratado de Paris 

de 1898. 

Lagomasino, a. Luis. La guerra de Cuba. • Cronologia historica de los sucesos m^s 

culminantes, acaecidos durante la campana comenzada en 24 de febrero de 

1895, con la relacion del facaso del movimiento en mayode 1893, escritaen 

presencia de documentos y datos autenticos. v. 1. Veracruz, Imp. de 

"Las Selvas," 1897. 1vol. illus. portraits. 12°. 
Lamae, Jose de. Los treinta y tres; ultima empresa militar del general cubano 

Domingo de Goicoun'a. Dedicada a la emigracion cubana. Key West, 

Fla., Impr. "El Cubano," 1887. 47 pp. 8°. 
Landeyra, Feancisco Rodriguez. Estudio sobre la geografia de la Isla de Cuba. 

Zaragoza, "LaDerecha," 1896. 266 pp. 12°. 
Laeeinaga, Feanz G. de. Die wirthschaftliche lage Cuba's ankniipfend an die 

entwickelung der insel . . . Von Franz< G. De Larrinaga. Leipzig, 

Duncker & Humblot, 1881. viii, 158 pp. 22 cm. 
Latane, John H [olladay] . . . The diplomatic relations of the United States and 

Spanish America . . . Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins press, 1900. 

294 pp. 8°. (The Albert Shaw lectures on diplomatic history, 1899. ) 
The diplomacy of the United States in regard to Cuba, pp. 89-175. 

The diplomacy of the United States in regard to Cuba. 

(In American Historical Association annual report, 1897, pp. 219-277. Washington, 

1898.) 

Latimee, Elizabeth Woemley. Spain in the nineteenth century. Chicago, 1897. 
441 pp. portrait. 8°. 

Pages 391-422 contain some observations on the Cuban question. 

[Latoeee, Justo de] . Observaciones d un opiisculo sobre los asuntos de la isla de 
Cuba y gobierno del que fue su capitdn-general Don Miguel Tacon, impreso 
en Madrid, y firmado J. J. M. T. [Madrid, N. Sanchiz, 1838.] 8 pp. 
19J cm. 

Cation title. 

Signed J. de Latorre. 

Una ojeada al manifiesto que publico el escmo. Sr. D. Miguel Tacon al dejar el 

mando de la isla de Cuba. Cddiz, Domingo Feros, 1838. 33 pp. 19 J cm. 
Signed J. de Latorre. 



360 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

[Latoree, Manuel de.] El proconsul de la Habana y los deportados de la isla de 
Cuba. Manifiesto al magnanimo pueblo espanol. [Cadiz, Impr. de 
Comercio, 1836.] 15 pp. 19 J cm. 

Caption title. 

Signed M. de Latorre. 

Lauea, Miseno de, jjseucL? Parte tercera de las revoluciones periodicas de la 
Havana. Escribiala Miseno de Laura, con licencia de la verdad', de la 
razon, y de la justicia. En la Havana a 4 diciembre del ano de 1795. 
Havana, En la irapr. de la Capitania-general, 1796. 3 p. 1., 31, [8] pp. 
20 cm. 

A political pamphlet defending the official actions of Pablo Esteves, the probable 

author. 
" Yo doy fin A la historia de la tercera, y ofrezco a mis lectores continuar historiando 
las sucesivas, y aun tambien la primera y segunda." — p. 30-31. 

Lavallee, F. Memoire historique, geographique, et statistique sur File de Cuba. 

(Im Society degiJographie. Bulletin, 2e serie, vol. 5, pp. 91-117, 317-353. Paris, 1836. 8°.) 

Notice geographique sur I'ile de Pinos. 

(Jn Soei6ti5 de geographic. Bulletin, 2e s6rie, vol. 7, pp. 166-172. Paris, 1837. 8°) 

Notice pour servir a la geographie de File de Cuba. Matanzas. 

(Jn Societede geographie. Bulletin, 2e siSrie, vol. 14, pp. 34-41, 77-84. Paris, 1840. 8°) 

Notice statistique sur la ville de Matanzas (He de Cuba). 

(J?i Society de geographic. Bulletin, 2e s6rie, vol. 6, pp. 107-109. Paris, 1836. 8°) 

Notices historiques et geographiques sur les villes de Trinidad, Sancto- 

Espiritu, San-Juan-de-los-Remedios et leurs juridictions. 

(J»Soei6tede geographic. Bulletin, 3e s6rie, vol. 2, pp. 244-267. Paris, 1844. 8°) 

Questions geologiques sur I'origine des Antilles. 

{In Bulletin de la Society de g(5ographie, 3e s6rie, tome 6, pp. 366-377. Paris, 1846) 

Le Fur, L. Etude sur la guerre hispano-americaine de 1898, envisagee au point de 

vue du droit international public. Paris, A. Pedone, 1899. 2 p. 1., 316, 

xlii pp. 24J cm. 
Le Moyne, A[uguste] La Nouvelle-Grenade, Santiago de Cuba, la Jamaique et 

I'isthme de Panama. Paris, A. Quantin, 1880. 2 v. 12°. (Voyages et 

sejours dans l'Am6rique du Sud) 
Leon, Jose Ruiz. Los filibusteros en Madrid y el apresamiento del "Virginius." 

Madrid, 1874. 97 pp. 8°. 
[L'^piNE, Ernest Louis Victor Jules] . . . Un Parisien dans les Antilles: Saint 

Thomas — Puerto-Rico — La Havane: la vie de province sous les tropiques 

. . . Ouvrage illustre de dessins de Riou. Paris, E. Plon, Nourrit et cie., 

1883. 2 p. 1., 349 pp., pi. 12°. 

Author's pseud. " Quatrelles" at head of title. 

Reprinted from the Revue bleue, 3e s6rie, vol. 1 (avril 2, 9, mai 28, juin 4, 18, 1881), 
pp. 428, 461, 688, 7.32, 782. 

Leroy-Beaulieu p. De la colonisation chez les peuples modernes. Paris, Guillau- 
min, 1874. (2), vii, 616 pp. 8°. 

■ Same. 4e edition, revue, corrigee et augmentee. Paris, Guillaumin, 1898. 

(2), xix, 868 pp. 8°. 

Contents.— Tie la colonisation ant6rieure au XIX= siecle: De la colonisation espagnole; 
De la colonisation portugaise; De la colonisation hollandaise; De la colonisation 
anglaise; De la colonisation frangaise; De la colonisation danoise et suedoise; 
R6sume de la colonisation anterieure au XIX" si6cle; De la colonisation au XIX« 
sificle: Las colonies d'exploitation ou de plantations; Colonies a plantations de 
I'Angleterre; Colonies franoaises; Colonies espagnoles; Colonies hollandaises; Les 
anciennes iles danoises et su6doises; Colonies scandinaves; Colonies allemandes; 
La colonisation italienne; Un mode sp<5cial de colonisation anonyme; L'fitat ind(5- 
pendant du Congo; Conditions gonorales de la colonisation dans I'Afrique tropicale 
et <5quatoriale; L'Algerie et la colonisation franfaise au XIX'' si6cle; La Tunisie: De 
la colonisation anglaise au XIX" .siecle; De la colonisation russe; De I'influence des 
colonies sur les md'tropoles; Del'omigration humaine; De I'^migration descapitaux; 
Du commerce colonial et de son utilite pour lanietropole; Del'entretien des colonies. 



I 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 361 

Lester, Eev. George. The pearl of the Antilles. Concerning Cuba and the Cubans. 
By the Eev. George Lester. London, C. H. Kelly, 1898. 32 pp. illus. 
16 cm. 

Title vignette. 

Letters from the Havana, during the year 1820; containing an account of the 
present state of the island of Cuba, and observations on the slave trade. 
London, John Miller, 1821. viii, (2), 135 pp., map. 8°. 

Levy, Victor. Die Insel Cuba. 

{In Deutsche Rundschau fur Geographic und Statistik, vol. 19, Oct., 1896, pp. 32-33) 

• ' g^^; ^,^ie wirthschaftlichen Verhaltnisse der Insel Cuba. 

j^ft^V *i Otl^^Ai- {In Deutsche Rundschau fur Geographic und Statistik, vol. 18, Aug., 1896, pp. 481-489) 

ty Llorens Torres, Luis. America (estudios historicos y filologicos) . . . Coleccion 

de articulos escritos y ordenados por D. Luis Llorens Torres, con una carta- 

prologo de 1). Antonio Corton. Madrid, V. Su^rez; Barcelona, A. J. 

Bastinos [1898] 204 pp. 21 cm. 

Contents. — Las Antillas — Descripci6n de la isla de Puerto Rico — Los heroes del descubri- 
miento — Primer viaje de Col6rf— Martin Alonso Pinz6n y el descubrimiento de 
Puerto Rico— Nombre indiano de esta isla— Estudios fllol6gicos — Bibliografia. 

Lobe, Guillaume. Cuba et lesgrandes puissances occidental es de 1' Europe ouiden- 
tite qui existe entre les interets et 1' importance actuels et futurs de I'ile 
de Cuba, a I'egard du nouveau monde, et en particulier des Etats-Unis de 
I'Amerique septentrionale. Collection de brochures et de lettres adres- 
sees a Madrid sur,ces objets vitaux. Paris, 1856. 220 pp. 8°. 

LoBO, Miguel. Historia general de las antiguas colonias Hispano-Americanas desde 
Bu descubrimiento hasta el ano mil ochocientos ocho. Madrid, Imp. de 
Miguel Guijarro, 1875. 3 vols. 8°. 
Havana, vol. 1, pp. 228. 

Lowenstekn, Isidore. Les l&tats-Unis et la Ha vane; souvenirs d'un voyageur par 
M. Isidore Lowenstern . . . Paris [etc.] A. Bertrand [etc.] 1842. xii, 
372 pp. 21 cm. 
Lopez, Ambrosio V. De la Habana a Chafarinas (Los Cubanos deportados en el 
vapor Santiago) por Ambrosio V. Lopez. Matanzas, Impr. y libreria 
galeria literaria, 1900. xvi, 70 pp., 1 1. front., 1 pi., ports. 22 cm. 
At end: "Fin de la l^ parte," the part to succeed being his "De Chafarinas a, la 
Habana." 

Lopez de Velasco, Juan. Geografia y descripcion universal de las Indias, recopi- 
lada por el cosmografo-cronista Juan Lopez de Velasco desde el ano de 
1571 al de 1574, publicada por primera vez en el Boletin de la Sociedad 
geografica de Madrid, con adiciones ^ ilustraciones, por Justo Zaragoza. 
Madrid, Establecimiento tipogrd,fico de Fortanet, 1894. xiii, (3), 808 pp. 
folded map. 8°. 

Contains: Chorografia de la isla de Cuba, pp. 110-119. 

LoRDf Walter Frewen. The lost possessions of England. Essays in imperial his- 
tory. London, Richard Bentley and son, 1896. vii, (3), 326 pp. 12°. 
" Cuba," pp. 159-168. 

Lorenzo, Manuel. Manifiesto del general Don Manuel Lorenzo d la nacion espa- 

nola. Cadiz, Campe, 1837. 136 pp. I85 cm. 
LuPERON, Gregorio. Notas autobiogriificas y apuntes historicos sobre la repiiblica 

dominicana desde la restauracion (x nuestros dias. Ponce, Tip. de M. 

Lopez, 1896. v. 2. 8°. 
Luz Hernandez, Dr. Jose de la. Consideraciones acerca de la topografia medica 

en general, y en particular sobre las de la villa de Guanabacoae isla de 

Pinos. Sesiones del 23 de diciembre de 1877, 13 y 27 de enero de 1878. — 

V^ase Anales, t. xiv, psiginas 499, 519 y 529. 

[Reprint, Real Academia de ciencias m^dicas, fisicas y naturales de la Habana] 27 
r, J PP- , No imprint. / -»; / ,/ / 



362 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Luz, Jose de la. Informe presentado a la Real junta de fomento de agricultura 
. . . de esta isla, 1 1 de diciembre de 1833 en el espediente sobre traslacion, 
reforma y amplicacion de la escuela miutica en el pueblo de Regliv 
Habana, 1834. (4), iii, (1), 151, (8) pp. 4°. 

M., D. F. DE. Intereses y descuentos. Habana, Imprenta fraternal, 1843. 10, 
(156) pp. 8°. 

MacArthur, D. Foreign railways of the world, vol. i. 1894. Printed by the 
Railway Register. 8°. 
Pp. 92-106, "Cuban railways." 

MacGregor, John. Hayti and the foreign West Indies. (Commercial tariffs . . . 
of the several States of Europe and America . . . Part xx) 

( 7?i Great Britain . Parliament. Sessional papers. 1847. vol. 6t. London, 1817) 
Cuba, pp. 67-118. 

[Maghuca, T.] . . . Indicaciones preliminares sobre el juiciode residenoia del exmo. 
sr. teniente general D. Miguel Tacon, exonerado "de la capitania general 
de la isla Cuba, y electo senador por la provincia de Cadiz en las actuales 
cortes. [Cadiz, 1839] 3 pts. in 1 v. 19J cm. 

Contents. — 1. Algunas indicaciones preliminares sobre el juicio de residencia del exmo. 
Sr. teniente general D. Miguel Tacon— 2. Otras indicaciones preliminares sobre el 
juicio que en la ciudad de la Habana se ha abierto al escmo. sr. teniente general D. 
Miguel Tacon — 3. Continuaci6n de las noticias preliminares o indispensables para 
conocer la justicia 6 injusticia que haya en el resultado del juicio de residencia, 
intentado para examinar la conducta de S. F. Don Miguel Tac6n y Rosique. 

[Macias, Juan Manuel] Cuba in revolution: a statement of facts . . . London, 
Printed by Head, Hole & co., 1871. 40, [1] p. 21 J cm. 

"The undersigned, acting in the name of the Republican government of that island 
[Cuba] presents to the public the following . . . statement." — Preface (signed by 
Juan Manuel Macias) 
Introduction, by F. W. Chesson, p. [5] -10. 

ed. The Cuban question in the Spanish parliament. (Debate in the Cortes) 

Extracts from speeches made by Seiiores Diaz Quintero, Benot, Salmeron 
. . . and others. London, "Anglo-American times" press, 1872. 1 p. 1., 
32 pp. 21cm. 

Preface signed: Juan Manuel Macias. 

McIntosh, Burr [William] The little 1 saw of Cuba . . . London and New York, 
F. T. Neely [1899] 2 p. 1., 173 pp., illus., port. obi. 24°. (Neely's edu- 
cational library, no. 3) 
Mackellar, Patrick. A correct journal of the landing His Majesty's forces on the 
island of Cuba; and of the siege and surrender of the Havannah, August 
13,1762 . . . Published by authority. 2d ed. London printed; Boston, 
reprinted by Green & Russell, 1762. 19 pp. 8°. 

{Ill The capture of Habana in 1762 by the forces of George III . . . [Cambridge] 1898. 

12°. [II] ) 
This journal was first printed in the London Gazette, Sept. 11th and 30th, 1762; re- 
printed in "The Gentleman's magazine," vol. 32, Sept., 1762, pp. >109-411, 0(^., 1762, 
pp. 463-466; and in "The Field of Mars," London, 1781. 

[Madan, Cristobal] Llamaniiento de la Isla de Cuba a la nacion espanola, dirigido 
al excmo. e illmo. Sefior Don Baldomero Espartero, duque de la Victoria, 
presidente del consejo de ministros, por un hacendado, en diciembre de 
1854. New York [1856] iv, 230, v, (1) pp. 8°. 

Examines into the character and workings of the Spanish Colonial system from a 

Cuban standpoint. 
Reviewed by A. W. Ely in Bow's Review, vol. 18 (Feb., Mar., 1855) , pp. 163-167, 305-311. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 363 

Madden, Richakd Robert. The island of Cuba: its resources, progress, and pros- 
pects considered in relation especially to the influence of its prosperity on 
the interest of the British West India colonies. London, Partridge & 
Oakey, 1853. xxiv, 252 pp. 12°. 

A letter to W. E. Ohanning, D. D., on the subject of the abuse of the flag of 

' the United States in the island of Cuba, and the advantage taken of its 
protection in promoting the slave trade. Boston, W. D. Ticknor, 1839 > 
32 pp. 8°. 
Mahan, Alfked Thayer. The interest of America in sea power, present and future. 
Boston, 1897. vi, (4), 304 pp. 8°. 
Treats of the naval importance of Cuba. 

"Maine " disaster; pictures and a bird's-eye view of the Cuban situation. 32 pages 
of superb illustrations. New York, Arkell publishing company, 1898. 
32 pp. 4°. (Leslie's illustrated weekly extra, New York, April 16, 1898) 

Mallad, Lucas. Descripcion de un nuevo equinodermo de la Isla de Cuba, Eucope 
cice n. sp. pis. 

(In Boletin de la Comision del mapa geologieo, vol. 7, pp. 227-256. Madrid, 1880) 

Mallory, Stephen Russell. Speech on the Cuba bill, delivered in the Senate of 
the United States February [24], 1859. Baltimore, Printed by John 
Murphy, 1859. 32 pp. 8°. 

Marburg, Theodore. Political papers. 1, The war with Spain. 2, The Venezuelan 
dispute. Baltimore, 1898. pp. 50. 16°. 
Reprinted from the Baltimore American. 

Marigny, Bernard. Reflexions sur la politique des Etats-Unis depuis, 1784, jusqu 'il 
I'avenement de Franklin Pierce an pouvoir, statistique de I'Espagne; sta- 
tistique de I'ilte de Cuba, etc. Nouvelle-Orleans, De Timprimerie de de 
J. L. Solle, 1854. 95, (1) pp. 8°. 

Mark, John. Diary of my trip to America and Havana. By John Mark. Printed 
for private circulation. [Manchester, Eng., A. Ireland & co., printers, 
1885] vi p., 1 1., 105 pp. 18^ cm. 

Marmier, Xavier. Lettres sur I'Amerique. Canada — Etats-Unis — Havane — Rio 
de La PJaita. Paris, [1851] 2 vols. 16°. 

Vol. 2, pp. 1-96, treat of Cuba, its political and social condition. 

Marshall, William. Die Thierwelt Cubas. 

{In Zeitschrift fiirNaturwissenschaften, vol. 71, Nov., 1898, pp. 219-236) 

Martens, Edward Carl von. Ueber Cubanische Crustaceen, nach den Sammlun- 
gen Dr. Gundlachs. [Berlin, 1872] 77-147 pp., 2 pis. 8°. 
(Reprint from Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte) 

Marti, [Jose] Cuba. Washington, Gonzalo de Quesada, 1900. (8), 261 pp. 12°. 

Ismaelillo. Nueva York, Imprenta de Thompson y Moreau. 1882. 50 pp. 

sq. 16°. 

Martin, Emilio. La poesia lirica en Cuba (Apuntes para un libro de biografia y de 
critica. I-'' serie. Oviedo, Imprenta de Vallina y companfa, 1882. xii, 
110 pp. 8°. 

Masse, Etienne Michel. L'ile de Cuba et la Havane, ou histoire, topographie, sta- 
tistique, moeurs, usages, commerce et situation politique de cette colonic, 
d'apres un journal ecrit sur les lieux. Par E. M. Masse. Paris, Lebegue, 
1825. (2), 410 pp. 8°. 

Matanzas. Memoria que presentan el Presidente y diputados secretarios de la 
excma. diputaci6n provincial de Matanzas en la sesion inaugural del 
primer periodo semestral del ano economico de 1881 a 1882. Matanzas, 
Imprenta y litografia "El Nacional," 1882. sm. 4°. 

Provincia de Matanzas. Excma. diputacion provincial. Seccion de fomento 

y estadistica. Censo agrfcola. Fincas azucareras. Ano de 1881. Matan- 
zas, Imp. "Aurora del Yumusi," 1883. 11 pp., 2 folded sheets. 8°. 



864 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Matthews, [Claude] 1845-1898. "The Cuban patriots' cause is just, the right shall 
prevail, and in God's own time Cuba shall be free." — Governor Matthews' 
address. Philadelphia, C. F. Simmons, printer, 1895. cover-title, 16 pp. 
incl. front, (port.) 23 cm. 

Delivered in Philadelphia, Nov. 21, 1895. 

Matthews, Fkanklin. The new-born Cuba. New York and London, Harper bro- 
. thers, 1899. xii, (2), 391 pp., pis. 8°. 

"Nach dem Elend, welches durch das Zusammen wirken von spanischer Misswirt- 
schaft und amerikaniseher Machination in den letzten Jahrzehnten auf Knba 
geherrscht hat, und welches wahrendder letzten Erhebung seinen Gipfel erreichte, 
war selbstverstiindlich auf der Insel reichliche Gelegenheit getaoten, zu reformieren 
und neues Leben aus den Ruinen herauszuzaubern. In welcher Weise die betref- 
fende Arbeit in den letzten Monaten der amerikanischen Occupation begonnen 
v^orden ist, schildert das vorliegende Buch nun gewandt und aussprechend in Wort 
und Bild und wir zweifeln nicht, dass die babei beteiligten Personlichkeiten das 
Lob, das Ihnerfvon dem Verfasser gespendet wird, im Allgemeinen wohl verdienen. 
Die Strassen von Havana durften in der Tat zur Stunde wohl viel reiner gefegt sein 
als die von New York, und auch in dem Kampfe mit dem Gelbfleber hat man 
wohl bereits einigermassen ermutigende Erfolge zu verzeichnen gehabt. Dass das 
gesammte Kulturproblem, welches sich an die Perle der Antillen kniipft, damit 
entgiiltig gelost sei, wird man aber schwerlich behaupten diirfen . Die Frage betreflts 
der zukunftigen staatsrechtlichen Stellung Kubas berlihrt der Verfasser nurin sehr 
behutsamer Weise, doch scheint er geneigt, ein dauerndes Abhangigkeitsverhaltniss 
zur Union zu befiirworten." 

Meld RUM, T[homas] M[illar] The Cuban campaign of the First infantry Illinois 

volunteers April 25-September 9, 1898. Illustrated with a series of views 

taken by . . . C.S.Wagar . . . Chicago? 1899. 2 p. 1., 2 pp., 11., 108 pi. 

18^x26 cm. 
Memoria de LOS TRABAJOS rcalizados por la seccion Puerto Rico del Partido Revo- 

lucionario Cubano. 1895 a 1898. Imprenta de A. W. Howes, New York, 

[1898] 250 pp., pi. 8°. 
Memoria sobre el proyecto de un camino de hierro desde'el pueblo de Seiba-Mocha 

hasta el de Bemba en la Isla de Cuba. Madrid, Imjir. de Tejado, I860'.- 

23 pp., fold. map. 21^ cm. 

[With Sociedad general del cr6dito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 1861. 
22 cm.] 
Men we are proud of: a collection of steel-plate portraits of the Chief actors in our 

conflict with Spain, with brief biographical sketches. Philadelphia, A. E. 

Francis & E. P. Strine, 1899. 
[Merciian, Rafael M.] La honra de Espana en Cuba. Por un Cubano. New York, 

Imprenta de la Revolucion, 1871. 126, (4) pp. 16°. 

Cuba, justificacion de su guerra de independencia. Bogota, Impr. La Luz, 

1896. 251 pp. 8°. 

See Guiteras, John, editor. Free Cuba. 

Merlin, [Maria delas Mercedes (Jaruco)] comtesse de. La Havane par Madame la 
comtesse Merlin. Paris, Librairie d'Amyot, 1844. 3 v. 8°. 

" Intt^ressant tableau, sous forme de lettres, de la civilization de I'lle de Cuba." — 

Larousse. 
"Reunion d'articles qui ont paru dans le journal ' La Presse.' " — Lorenz. 
"Ouvrage int6ressant pour connaitre les moeurs et coutumes de la soci6t6 et du 
peuple a Cuba." 

Viaje it la Habana por la condesa de Merlin, precedido de una biografia de 

esta ilustre Cubana por la Seiiorita D.-'' Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda. 
Madrid, Impr. de la Sociedad literaria y tipogrdfica, 1844. xvi, 109, 
[2] pp. 22^ cm. 

Translated from the French. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 865 

Mestee Amabile, V. La question cubaine et le conflit hispano-am^ricain; confe- 
rence faite a 1' Hotel des societes savantes, le 5 juin 1896, par V. Mestre 
Amabile . . . accompagneededifferents portraits, d'unresum6 liistorique 
et geographique de I'ile et d'une carte generale de Cuba indiquant la 
marche de Farmee revolutionnaire. Paris [En vente chez I'auteur] 6, 
chaussee d'Antin, 1896. 126 pp. incl. front, (port.) illus. fold. map. 

1 1. of errata inserted before front. iS^ , (^e-t.'f' f-t,' i i-wv t^>u' - ".^w^itjr^.?©^^ V , (jQ, 
Mestke, Jose Manuel. De la filosofia en la Habana. Discurso por D. J. M. Mes- 
tre . . . Seguido de una carta inedita del pbi'O. D. Felix Varela, y un 
articulo del dr. D. Jos6 Z. Gonzalez del Valle. Habana, Impr. "La 
Antilla," 1862. 1 p. 1., 146, [3] pp. 12°. 

"Elogio del doctor D. J. Z. Gonzalez del Valle . . . por . . . J. M. Mestre" has sepa- 
rate t.-p. 

Michel, J. Cuba aux Cubains. Paris, chez I'auteur. 18 pp. 5 pi. du Calvaire 
de Montmartre. 8°. 

MiERS, Robert W. Cuba — Pensions. Speeches ... in the House of representa- 
tives, Dec. 9, 1897, and Jan. 29, 1898. Washington [Gov't print, off.] 
\ 1898. 8 pp. 8°. 

Military historical society op Massachusetts, Boston. Naval actions and oper- ^ 
ations against Cuba and Porto Rico, 1593-1815. Boston, Pub. for the 
Military historical society of Massachusetts, by E. B. Stillings & co., 1901. 
3 p. 1., 205 pp. 24 cm. (Half-title: Papers of the Military historical 
society of Massachusetts, vol. xi) 

Contents. — Stockton, C. H. An account of some past military and naval operations 
directed against Cuba and Puerto Rico, 1595-1762. — Goodrich, C. F. The naval side 
of the revolutionary war. — Hollis, I. N. The Constitution at Tripoli. — Mahan, A. T. 
The battle of Trafalgar. — Soley, J. C. The fight between the Constitution and the 
Java. — Eaton, J. G. The Chesapeake and the Shannon. — Eaton, J. G. Perry's vic- 
, tory on Lake Erie. — Eaton, J. G. The last exploit of Old Ironsides, or The action 
between the Constitution and the Cyane and Levant. 

MiLLSPAUGH, C. F. Plantae Utowanae. Plants collected in Bermuda, Porto Rico, 
St. Thomas, Culebras, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, Cuba, the Caymans, 
Cozumel, Yucatan, and the Alcran shoals. Dec. 1898 to March 1899. 
The Antillean cruise of the yacht " Utowana." Chicago, 1900. 110 pp. 
Map. 8°. (Field Columbian Museum. Publication 43, Botanical series, 
vol. II, no. 1) 

"Botanical collections made on a yachting trip through the West Indies." 

MiTJANS, AuRELio . . . Estudio sobre el movimiento cientifico y literario de Cuba. 

Obrapostuma . . . Habana, A. Alvarez y cia., 1890. xxxi, 395 pp. 12°. 

MoNPORT, Manuel. Historia de la guerra de Cuba, por el licenciado Manuel Mon- 

■ fort (el abate Mendo) [t. i.] Puerto-Rico, Tip. del "Boletin mercantil," 
i 1896- 339. portrait. 24 cm. 

■ Monge, Jose M. Poesia y prosa. Prologa de Bolet Peraza. Nueva York [1897] 

xi, (3), 423, (3) pp. portrait. 8°. 
MoNTAOs Y RoBiLLARD, Francisco. Proyecto de emancipacion de la esclavitud en la 

Isla de Cuba, por el Coronel de caballerla. Madrid, 1865. 49 pp. 4°. 
Montanus, A. De nieuwe en onbekende waereld: of beschryving van America en 

't zuid-land vervaetended'oorsprongder Aucricaenen en Zuidlanders . . . 

t' Amsterdam, by Jacob Meurs. 1671. plates. f°. 
Cuba, pp. 152-157. 

Monte, Enrique del. The climatology of Havana, Cuba. 

In U. S. Department of Agriculture. Monthly weather review, vol, 28. Apr. 1900. 
pp. 152-154) ^ .,U^ r .. .-, / , ' 



366 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Moore, Rachel Wilson. Journal kept during a tour to the West Indies and South 
America in 1863-64. Philadelphia, 1867. 274 pp. 12°. 
Pages 21-58 describe a stay in Havana and the neighborhood. 

Morales y Morales, Vidal. Hombres del 68. Eafael Morales y Gonzalez; con- 
tribucion al estudio de la historia de la independencia de Cuba por el Dr. 
Vidal Morales y Morales ... con un prefacio de Enrique Jose Varona y 
una carta del Sr. Tomas Estrada Palma . . . Habana, Impr. y papelen'a 
de Rambla y Bouza, 1904. xiii pp., 1 1., 350 pp., 1 1. ports. 22 cm. 

. . . Iniciadores y primeros mtirtires de la revolucion cubana; por el dr. 

Vidal Morales y Morales . . . Prologo del dr. Nicolas Heredia. Habana, 
Impr. Avisador comerclal, 1901. xv, 680 pp., 1 1. front, (port.) col. pi. 
28 cm. (Contribucion -A la historia de la independencia de Cuba) 

Nociones de historia de Cuba, p)or el Dr. Vidal Morales y Morales . . . adap- 

tadas a la ensenanza por Carlos de la Torre y Huerta; ilustradas por Fran- 
cisco Henares. Obra de texto aprobada por la Junta de superintendentes 
de escuelas el 9 de abril de 1901. Habana, Libreria e imp. "La moderna 
poesia," 1904 [i. e., 1903] 1 p. 1., iv, 256 p. front, (port.) illus. (inch 
ports., maps) 20J cm. 

Morelet, Arthur, 1809- Voyage dans I'Amerique Centrale, I'ile de Cuba, et le 
Yucatan, par Arthur Morelet . . . Paris, Gide et J. Baudry, 1857. 2 v. 
illus., fold. map. 24 cm. 

Morris, Charles, 1833- Our island empire; a hand-book of Cuba, Porto Eico, 
Hawaii, and the Philippine Islands, by Charles Morris . . . Philadelphia, 
J. B. Lippincott company, 1899. xii, 7-488 pp. map. 19j cm. 
"Cuba," pp. 1-164. 

MosES, Bernard. The establishment of Spanish rule in America. An introduction 
to the history and politics of Spanish-America. G. P. Putnam's sons. New 
York and London, 1898. x, (2), 328 pp. 8°. 
MoYA [y Jimenez], Francisco J[avier] de. . . . Cbnsideraciones militares sobre la 
campana de Cuba, por D. Francisco J. De Moya . . . Madrid, Impr. del 
Cuerpo de artilleria, 1901. 2 p. 1., 234 pp. inch tab. map. 23^ cm. 
At head of title: Publicaciones del "Memorial de artilleria." Map: Habana y su 
bahia (Memorial de artill. 4. serie, t. iv, I'an. 17) 

Mi^LLER, Waldemar. Cuba. Seine Geschichte, wirtschaftlicheund handelspoJitische 
Entwicklung. Berlin, Richard Schroder, 1898. 89 pp. map. 8°. 

Muller y Tejeiro, Jose. Combates y capitulacion de Santiago de Cuba. Madrid, 
Imprenta de Felipe Marques, 1898. 280 pp. pi. folded chart and map. 8°. 

Battles and capitulation of Santiago de Cuba. Translated from the Spanish. 

Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 165 pp. folded maps. 
8°. (Office of naval intelligence. War notes, no. 1. Information from 
abroad ) 

MuKO, Ernesto. Tourist's guide to Havana, 1904; by Ernesto Muro . . . Havana 
[1903] 1 p. 1., [7]-98 pp. incl. pis. front. 16 cm. 

Murray, Hon. Amelia M[atilda] Letters from the United States, Cuba and Canada. 
By the Hon. Amelia M. Murray . . . New York, G. P. Putnam & com- 
pany, 1856. 410 pp. 191 cm. 

Murray, Sir Charles Augustus. Travels in North America during the j'ears 1834, 
1835, & 1836. Including a summer residence with the Pawnee tribe of 
Indians, in the remote prairies of the Missouri, and a visit to Cuba and 
the Azore islands. By the Hon. Charles Augustus Murray. London, 
R. Bentley, 1839. 2 v. front. 22 cm. 

Murray, Henry Anthony. Lands of the slave and the free: or, Cuba, the United 
States, and Canada. London, G. Routledge & cc, 1857. xxiii, 480 pp. 
pis. (woodcuts.) maps. 12°. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 367 

MusGRAVE, George Clarke. Under three flags in Cuba. A personal account of tjie 
Cuban insurrection and Spanish-American war. Boston, Little, Brown, 
and companj^, 3899. xv, 365 pp. pis. portraits. 12°. 

[Nason, Daniel] A journal of a tour from Boston to Savannah, thence to Havana, 
in the island of Cuba . . . thence to New Orleans and several western 
cities ... by a citizen of Cambridgeport. Cambridge, Printed for the 
author, 1849. 114 pp. 16°. 

[Navidad, Maximo] Vindicacion. Cuestion de Cuba por un Espafiol cubano. 
Madrid, Impr. de N. Perez Zuloaga, 1871. 85 pp. 21 cm. 
{Tilth [Betancourt, Jos(5 R.] Las dos banderas . . . Sevilla, 1870.) 

The new empire. America as a M^orld power. Reproductions of photographs with 
introduction and descriptive text. London, Greig & co., limited, 1898. 
[248] pp. inch front, (port.) illus. 26 x 35J cm. 

New York Cuban Junta. Facts about Cuba. Published under the authority of 
the New York Cuban junta. New York, Sun job print, off. , 1870. 31 pp. 
23 cm. 

NiCHOLES, J. Laurens. The Cuban war. Six months a war correspondent. La 
Hatte printing co., Atlanta, 1897. Illus. 63 pp. pis. portraits. 16°. 
Cover- title. 

NiCHOLLs, John Ashton. 1823-1859. In tnemoriam. A selection from the letters of 
the late John Ashton Nicholls, p. r. a. s., &c. Ed. by his mother. [Man- 
chester, Eng., Johnson & Rawson, printers] 1862. 5 p. 1., [3]-418 pp. 
, 23 cm. 

" Printed for private circulation only." 

Contents. — Private letters. — Letters from the Continent. — Letters from America. 

NoA, Frederic M. The pearl of the Antilles; a view of the past and a glance at the 
future. New York, [The Knickerbocker press], 1898. xiii, (1), 84 pp. 
16°. 

Nomenclat6r comercial, agricola, industrial, artes y oficios, y directorio general 
para, de la isla de Cuba. 1883-1884. P ser. Habana, Centro-editorial 
deobrasilustradas de Molinasy Juli. 1883. 336, (3) pp. maps, plans. 4°. 

Noeman, Benjamin Moore. Rambles by land and water, or, Notes of travel in Cuba 
and Mexico; including a canoe voj^age up the river Panuco, and researches 
among the ruins of Tamaulipas, etc. New York: Paine & Burgess. 1845. 
216 pp. pi. woodcuts in the text. 12°. 

Norton, Albert J. Norton's complete hand-book of Havana and Cuba, containing 
full information for the tourist, settler, and investor; also an account of 
the American military occupation . . . Chicago & New York, Rand, 
McNally & co. [1900] 2 p. 1., 824 pp. front., pi., map. 12°. 

[Norton, Francis L.] Cuba. [New York, 1873] cover-title, 15 pp. 23J cm. 
Letter to Charles Sumner, dated Dee. 16, 1873. 

NuEviTAS, Cuba. Ordenanzas de policfa urbana y rural del termino municipal de 

Nuevitas. Puerto-Principe, Imprenta de El Fanal, 1882. 61 pp. 12°. 
NuSez, Severo Gomez. La guerra hispano-americana; Santiago de Cuba . . . por 
Severo Gomez Nufiez . . . Madrid, Imp. del Cuerpo de artilleria, 1901. 
242 PI3. pi., port., maps, plans. 19 cm. 

. . . The Spanish- American war. Blockades and coast defense. By Severo 

Gomez Niinez . . . Translated from the Spanish . . . Washington, 
Government printing ofBce, 1899. 120 pp. illus., maps, plan, 24^ cm. 
(U. S. Office of naval intelligence. Information from abroad. War 
notes, no. vi) 

" This translation of Captain Nunez's book is complete except where indicated in the 

first chapter." — Introd. 
Appendices. — A. The Spanish-American war. Ships, guns and small-arms. By S. G. 
Nunez.— B. The capitulation of Santiago de Cuba. Decree. [Tr. from El Mundo 
naval ilustrado, Sept. 15 and Oct, 1, 1899] 



368 HAIs'DBOOK OR CUBA. 

O., O. D. D. The history of the late expedition to Cuba, by O. D. D. O., one of the 
I^articipants, with an appendix, containing the last speech of the cele- 
brated orator, S. S. Prentiss, in defense of Gen. Lopez. New Orleans, 
Printed at the job office of the Daily Delta, 1850. (2), 89 pp. 8°. 

O., T. El general Martinez Campos en Cuba; resefia politico-mi litar de la ultima 
campafia, por T. O. (Noviembre de 1876 d, junio de 1878.) Madrid, 
Impr. de Fortanet, 1878. 176 pp. 22J cm. 

Ober, Fred A. Under the Cuban flag, or the Cacique treasure. Illustrated. Bos- 
ton, [1897] 316 pp. 8°. 

Ochiltree, Thomas P. The political status of Cuba. Has the Congress of the 
United States power to legislate for the island of Cuba: or is the power 
to govern that island vested exclusively in the president of the United 
States as commander-in-chief of the army and navy? [Washington, B. S. 
Adams, 1900] 14 pp. 8°. 

Official commercial directory of Cuba, Porto Eico, and the entire West Indies, 
with Bermuda, for 1901 . . . New York, The Spanish- American directo- 
ries co., [1901] 8°. 

Added title: ' ' Directorio comercial y oficial de Cuba, Puerto Rico y las demfi,s Antillas, 

inclusas las Bermudas . . ." 
English and Spanish. 

O'Gaban y Guerra, JiTAN Bernardo. Observaciones sobre la suerte de los negros 
del Africa, considerados en su propia patria, y transplantados a, las Antillas 
espanolas: y reclamacion contra el tratado celebrado con los Ingleses el 
ano de 1817. Madrid, Impr. del Universal, 1821. 24 pp. 12°. 

O'Hagan, Annie, and Emma B. Kaufman. Cuba at a glance. With an introduc- 
tion by T. Estrada Palma, of the Cuban junta. New York, R. H. Bus- 
sell, 1898. 107 (1) pp. facsimiles, folded map. 12°. 

O'Kelly, James J. The Mambi-land, or. Adventures of a Herald correspondent in 
Cuba. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & co., 1874. 359 pp. woodcut. 
12°. 

Olaneta, Jose Antonio de. Juicio de residencia del escelentisimo seiior Don Mi- 
guel Tacon, vizconde del Bayanio, marques de la Union de Cuba . . . 
gobernador y capitan general que fu6 de la isla de Cuba: 6 sea Coleccion 
de varios escritos presentados por su apoderado y defensor el senor Don 
Jose Antonio de Olaiaeta ... y dados A luz por el Comercio, con un 
apendice que contiene las respectivas sentencias. Filadelfia, Impr. de A. 
Walker, 1839. 201 pp. 25 cm. 

Ollero, Andres F. Teatro de la guerra. Descripcion geogrdtica, historica, estadis- 
tica, militar y maritima de las islas de Cabo- Verde, la Martinica, Puerto- 
Rico, Cuba, Filipinas y los Estados-Unidos. [Madrid, 1898] 45, (2) pp. 
folded majj. 8°. 
Cover-title. 

Olmsted, Marlin Edgar. The war with Spain. Stand by the President. Speech 

delivered in the House of Representatives, April 27, 1898. Washington, 

1898. 147 pp. 8°. 
[O'Neal, Robert] "Serio-comic" history of Cuba; or, In troubled waters, chaff 

the anchor chain, by "Brother Bill" [psetid.] New York, London, F. T. 

Neely [1902] xii, 133 pp. front, (port.) pi. 19J cm. ( [Neely's choice 

library, no. 2] ) 
Opportunities in the colonies and Cuba. By Leonard Wood, William H. Taft, 

Charles H. Allen, Perfecto Lacoste, M. E. Beall. New York, Lewis, 

Scribner &CO., 1902. (4), 369 pp. 12°. 
Opusculo. Cuba y Puerto-Rico. Medios de conservar estas dos Antillas en su 

estado de esplendor. Por un negrofilo concienzudo. Madrid, J. Cruzado, 

1866. 1 p. I., 157 pp., 1 1. 18^ cm. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 369 

OsTEND MANIFESTO, Thb. 1854. New York, 1892. (American history leaflets. ) 

The text of the Ostend manifesto is printed in Cluskey's political text-book, pp. 435- 
438; in Macdonald's Select Documents illustrative of the history of the United 
States; Halstead's Cuba. 

Otto, Eduakd. Reiseerinnerungen an Cuba, Nord- und Siidamerica, 1838-1841. 
Von Eduard Otto. Mit zwei lithograph irten tafeln. Berlin, Naucksche 
buchhandlung, 1843. viii, 326, [2] pp. 2fold.pl. 18 cm. 
Paasche, H[eemann] Im fluge durch Jamaica und Cuba; vortrag gehalten am 6. 
februar 1900 im sitzungssaale des Reichstages . . . Stuttgart, J. G. 
Cotta'sche buchhandlung nachfolger, 1900. 72 pp. 8°. 
Packard, R. L. Education in Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippines. 

{In U. S. Commissioner of education. Report 1897-98. vol. 1, pp. 909-967. Washing- 
ton, 1899.) 

Palma, Tomas Estkada. Address ... to the American public, [n. p., 1895?] 
[4 pp.] 8°. 
No t.-p. 
In behalf of the Cuban insurgents. 

Cuban belligerency, petition of T. E. Palma, statement of the law by H. S. 

Rubens. [New York?] 1896. 70 pp. 8°. 
Cover-title. 

Palmaeio, T. Isla de Cuba; despertador patriotico, por T. Palmario. Madrid, Impr. 

de T. Jordan, 1836. 21 pp. 17 cm. 
Palmer, Truman G., comp. . . . The "deadly parallel" on Cuban tariff reduction. 

Compiled by Truman G. Palmer. June 27, 1902. — Ordered to be printed. 

Washington, Government printing office, 1902. 186 pp. tab. 23 cm. 

([U. S.] 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate. Doc. no. 439) 
Running title: Cuban tariff reduction. 

. . . The ethics of the fight for Cuban reciprocity . . . Letter from Truman 

G. Palmer to Hon. Henry M. Teller, member Senate committee on rela- 
tions with Cuba. June 27, 1902. — Ordered to be printed. [Washington, 
Government printing office, 1902] 28 pp. 23 cm. (57th Cong., 1st sess. 
Senate. Doc. no. 434) 
Paseo pintoresco por la Isla de Cuba. Obra astistica y literaria, en que se pintan y 
describen los edificios, los monumentos, los campos y los costumbres de 
este privilegiaeo suelo, publicada por los empresarios de la litografia del 
gobierno y capitania general. Habana, Impr. de Soler y comp., 1841-42. 
2 V. in 1. pi. obi. 24°. 

Text by Antonio Bachiller y Morales and others. 

Pelaez [Campomanes] , Antonio. Contestacion del general D. Antonio Pelaez d las 
groseras columnias que contiene el manifiesto A la nacion por los volun- 
tarios de la isla de Cuba. Madrid, C. Frontaura, 1869. 51 pp. 8°. 

Peckham, Herbert E. On the bituminous deposits situated at the south and east of 
Cdrdenas, Cuba. 

{In American journal of science, vol. 162, July 1901, pp. 33-41) 

Pellitero, D. Valentin. Apuntes geologicos referentes al itinerario de Sagua de 
Tdnamo d Santa Catalina de Guantanamo en la Isla de Cuba. 

{In Comision del mapa geol6gico de Eapana. Boletln, vol. 20 (ano 1893), pp. 89-98. 
Madrid, 1895. 8°) 

Apuntes geologicos referentes al itinerario de Sagua de Tiinamo a Santa 

Catalina de Guantdnamo en la Isla de Cuba. Map. 

{In Boletln de la Comision del mapa geol6gico de Espana. vol. 20, pp. 89-98. Madrid, 
1895) 

Pepper, Charles Melville. To-morrow in Cuba. New York and London, Harper 
& brothers, 1899. viii, 362 pp. folded map. 8°. 
Bibliography, pp. 350-355. 

159a— 05 24 



370 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Pero.io, Jose del. Ensayos de politica colonial. Madrid, Imprenta de Miguel 
Giuesta, 1885. xvi, 384 pp. 16°. 

Pages 1-184 are taken up with a discussion of the political and commercial conditions 
of Cuba. 

Pekj'ina y Pibernat, Antonio. El Catnagiiey. Viajes pintorescos por el interior de 
Cuba y por sus costas, con descripciones del pafs. Barcelona, Librerfa de 
J. A. Bastinos, 1889. 448 pp. pis. (wood cuts) 8°. 
Pekin, Hector. Les Etats-Unis et la doctrine de Monroe. I'aris, Arthur Rousseau, 
1900. (2), 452 pp. 8°. 

Cuba: pp. 238-360. (Hawaii: pp. 375-401. Philippines: pp. 402-123) 
Bibliographic: pp. 437-445. 

Pezuela [y Lobo], Jacobo de la, 1811-1882. Cronica de las Antillas, por Don 
Jacobo de la Pezuela. Madrid, Rubio, Grilo y Vittun, 1871. 231, [1] p. 
illus., ports., maps. 33j cm. (Added t.-p.: Cronica general de Espana, 
6 sea Historia ilustrada y descriptiva de sus provin-jias . . . Obra 
[dirigida por Don Cayetano Rosell. v. 12, pt. 1] ) 
"Descripci6n de la isla de Cuba," pp. 1-214. 

Diccionario geogriifico, estadistico, historico de la isla de Cuba, por Don 

Jacobo de la Pezuela. Madrid, J. Bernat, 1863-66. 4 v. 4°. 

Ensayo historico de la Isla de Cuba, por Don Jacobo de la Pezuela. Nueva 

York, Impr. espafiola de R. Rafael, 1842. viii, 631 pp. 22 cm. 

Diccionario geogrdfico, estadistico, historico de la isla de Cuba. Madrid, 

J. Bernat, 1863-66. 4 vols. 4°. 

" Sons le litre modeste de dictionnaire, c'est certainement un des meilleurs ouvragea 
historique et geographique sur Cuba." 

Historia de la isla de Cuba. Madrid, Carlos Bailly-Baillicre, 1868. 2 

vols. 8°. 

[I'heli's, Mrs. Almiha (Hart) Lincoln] 1793-1884. A plea for Cuba; addressed to 
the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, urging 
immediate action in aid of the struggle for independence now going on in 
that island . . . Baltimore, Press of W. K. Boyle, 1870. 15 p. 22 cm. 

Piiilalethes, Demoticus, pseud. Yankee travels through the island of Cuba; or, 
The men and government, the laws and customs of Cuba, as seen by 
American eyes. By Demoticus Philalethes . . . New York, D. Apple- 
ton & CO., 1856. 1 pp. 1., xii, ix, 412 p. 12°. 

PiiiLippo, James MuRSELL. The United States and Cuba. London: Pewtress & co. ; 
New York, Sheldon, Blakeman & co., 1857. xi, (1), 476 pp. 8°. 

[PicHARDo, Esteban] ed. Autos acordados de la real audiencia de la Isla de Cuba. 
Matanzas, Imprenta de la Real marina, 1834. 192 pp. 24°. 

Diccionario provincial de voces cubanas. Matanzas, Impr. de la Real 

marina, 1836. 273, [2] pp. 15^ cm. 
Preface signed: Estuban Pichardo. 

Geografia de la isla de Cuba. Publicase bajo los auspicios de la Real Junta 

de fomento. I'-S"- parte. Habana: Tip. de D. M. Soler, 1854. 3 vols. 
• in 1. 8°. 

Lacks the fourth part. 

Itinerario general de los caminos principales de la isla de Cuba. Habana, 

lmj)r. de Palmer, 1828. 2 p. 1., 30 jip. 14 cm. 
Introduction signed: E. Pichardo. 

Picturesque Cuba and our navy; reproductions of photographs with graphic descrip- 
tive text. Chicago, Belford,'Middlebrook & co., 1898. 6 pp. 119 pis. 
2 maps. f°. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 371 

PiERRA, Fidel G. Cuba: Pliysical features of Cuba, her past, present, and possible 
future. Published by the Cuban delegation in the United States. S. 
Figueroa, New York, 1896. (4), 51, (2) pp. Folded map. 8°. 

See Guiteras, John, editor. Free Cuba. 

Cuba can not pay an indemnity to Spain, n. p., 1898. Broadside. 

PiLLET, Antoine. Protestatiou contre la guerre Hispano-Americaine. (Supplement 

a la Revue Generale de Droit International Public, No. 1, 1898) Paris, 

1898. 8°. 
PifsA Y PeSuela, D. Ramon. Topografia medica de la isla de Cuba. Habana, Impr. 

y encuadernacion del Tiempo, 1855. 321, (3) pp. 8°. 
PiJJEYRo, Enrique. Morales Lemus y la revolucion de Cuba; estudio historico. 

Nueva York, M. M. Zarzamendi, 1871. 140 pp. facsim. 19 cm. 
■■ — Vida y escritos de Juan Clemente Zenea por Enrique Piiieyro. Paris, Gar- 

nier hermanos, 1901. ix, 298 pp. 18 cm. 
PiNAR DEL Rio. Informe que la excma. diputacion provincial de Pinar del Rio ha 

producido al gobierno civil de la provincia acerca de la inconveniencia de 

modificar la actual division territorial de la isla de Cuba. Pinar del Rio, 

imprenta La Constancia, 1887. 15 pp. . folded sheet. 8°. 

Memoria que presentan el presidente y diputados secretarios de la excma. 

diiiutacion provincial de Pinar del Rio en la Sesion inaugural del primer 
periodo semestral del ano economico de 1887 ;i 88. Pina del Rio, Imprenta 
"La Constancia," 1887. 14, iv pp. folded sheet. L. 8°. 
PiRON, HiproLYTE. L'lle de Cuba — Santiago — Puerto-Principe — Matanzas et laHa- 
vane. Ouvrage orne de gravures dessinees par L. Berton d'apres des photo- 
graphies. Paris, E. Plon et cie, 1876. (4), 325, (1) pi>. pis. portraits. 
12°. 

Same. 2'^ edition. Paris, E. Plon, Nourit et cie., (1889), (6), 325, (1) pp. 

_ pis. portraits. 12°. 
PoEY, Andres. Tableau chronologique des tremblements de terre ressentis -X I'ile de 
Cuba de 1551 a 1855. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1855. 42 pp. 8°. 
" Extrait des Nouvelles aiinales des voyages, Juin, 1853." 

Travaux sur la met^orologie, la physique du globe en general, et sur la clima- 

tologiede File de Cuba et des Antilles . . . Versailles, Soc. m^t^orologique 
de France, 1861. 1 p. 1., 24 pp. 8°. 
Cover-title. 

PoEY, Felipe. Geograffa f isica y politica de la isla de Cuba. Ed. 17. Habana: Viuda 
de Barcina, 1857. 44 pp. 8°. 

Same. Ed. 18. Habana: Viuda de Barcina, 1858. 44 pp. 8°. 

Memorias sobre la historia natural de la isla de Cuba, accompaiiadas de 

sumai'ios latinas y extractos en frances. Habana, 1851-58. 2 vols. 8°. 

Repertorifi osico-natural de la isla de Cuba. Habana, abril, 1865-juin, 1868, 

2 vols. pis. 8°. 
PoRCAccHi, T. L'isole piu famose del mondo descritte da Thomaso Porcacchi da 
Castiglione Arretino e intagliate da Girolamo Porro Padovano. 

(In Venetia, Appresso Simon Galignanio & Girolamo Porro, MDLXXII. (22), 117 pp. 

Plates in the text. f°) 
Pp. 88-90 contain " Descrittione dell'isola Cvba." 

Porter, Robert P. Report on the commercial and industrial condition of the island 
of Cuba. Washington, Government printing office, 1898. 54 pp. 8°. 
(U. S. Treasury department, document no. 2072) 

Appendix to the report on the commercial and industrial condition of the 

Island of Cuba. Washington, Government printing oflBce, 1899. 302 pp. 
8°. (U. S. Treasury department, document no. 2115) 

Industrial Cuba; being a study of present commercial and industrial condi- 

tions, with suggestions^as to the opportunities presented in the island for 



872 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

American capita], enterprise, and labour. By Robert P. Porter . . . New 
York and London, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1899. xi, 428 pp. front., pi., 
maps. 23 cm. 

PovEDA, Francisco Jose. El tiple campesino. Glosas del trobador Cubano, Don 
Francisco Jose Poveda. Cuaderno primero. Habana, Imprenta de don 
Lorenzo M. Fernandez de Teran, 1830. 16 pp. 12°. 

Pradier-Fodere, Paul. L'Amerique Espagnole. Chronique des faits internatio- 
naux. (Revue de Droit International et de Legislation Comparee, tome 
XXIX, p. 659.) 

Prado, Joseph Garcia. Compendio general de las contribuciones, y gastos que 
ocasionann todos los efectos, frutos, candales, y demas, que se trafican entre 
los reynos de Castilla y America. Deducida del real projecto de 5. de abril 
de 1720, hasta fines del de 1761. Cadiz, M. E. de los Monteros, 1762. 
(4), 158 pp. 8°. 

Preiss, Edmund Carl, editor. Cuba unter spanischer Regierung. Landesgesetze und 
statistische Daten der Insel. Vom koniglichen Colonial Bureau in Madrid 
nach offiziellen Quellen Zusammengestelle und herausgegeben. Autorisirte 
Uebersetzung. ( Vermehrt durch das Reform-Ergiinzungsgesetz von 1897, 
eine unabhangige Politische Original-Studie und viele Randbemerkungen). 
Von Edmund Carl Preiss, New York, 1897. 125 pp. 8°. 

Prince, J[ohn] C, comp. Cuba illustrated, with the biography and portrait of 
Christopher Columbus, containing also general information relating to 
Havana, Matanzas, Cienfuegos, and the island of Cuba . . . together with 
an Anglo-Spanish vocabulary, comp. by J. C. Prince. 1893-1894. 6th 
ed. . . . New York, N. Thompson & co. [1894] viii, 260, [2] pp. illus. 
port., fold. map. 12°. 

Proyecto de un colegio en esta ciudad con el titulo de Colegio de Santiago. [San- 
-tiago de] Cuba, Impr. de la Real sociedad economica, 1841. 26 pp. 12°. 

Puente y Franco, Antonio de, y Jose Francisco Diaz. Historiadelas leyes, plebis- 
cites y senado con suites mas notables, desde la fundacion de Roma hasta 
Justiniano. Madrid, Imprenta de D. Vicente de Lalama, 1840. (2), 215, 
(l)pp. 12°. 

Puente y Franco was "ministro togado de la audiencia pretorial de la Habana." 

Puerto Principe. Colegio de abogados de San Ignacio de Loyola. Estatutos del 
real e ilustre colegio de abogados de San Ignacio de Loyola, establecido 
en la siempre fiel muy noble y muy leal ciudad de Santa Maria de Puerto 
Principe formados por la Real audiencia por disposicion del Rey Nuestro 
Senor. Puerto Principe, ano de 1832, Imprenta de gobierno y real 
hacienda. 33 pp. 12°. 

Estatutos y reglamento del banco agricola de Puerto Principe. Habana, 

Imprenta de "Los niiioa huerfanos, 1887. 51 pp. sm. 4°. 

Memoria que presentan el Presidente y diputados secretaries de la excma. 

diputacion provincial de Puerto Principe en la sesion inaugural de 
segtinde periodo semestral del ano de 1887. Puerto Principe, Tipegrafia 
"El Pueblo," 1887. sm. 4°. 

Ordenanzas de pelicia urbana y rural del termino municipal. Puerto-Prin- 

cipe, Imprenta de " El Fanal," 1881. 65, (1), 4 pp. sm. 4°. 
Pujol y de Camps, Marcelo. Apuntes para el presente y porvenir de Cuba. 
Neciones sebre las corrientes politicas de la epoca en relacion con nuestros 
asuntes antillanos; con algunas breves consideraciones acerca de los con- 
flictos sociales y economico-administrativos que nos aquejan, y plan ge- 
neral de reformas . . . Por Marcelo Pujol y de Camps . . . Habana, 
Imp. del "Avisador comercial," 1885. xix, 243 pp. 23 cm. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 373 

PuJOLA Y coMPAi5iA. Guia del cementerio de la Habana, bajo la proteccion del 
excmo. e illmo. sr. oblspo de esta diocesis Don fray Jacinto Maria Mar- 
tinez Saez. Habana, Impr. y libreria "El Iris," 1868. 2 p. 1., 324 pp. 
24 cm. 

PusALGAS [y Guereis], Ignacio [Miguel] El sacerdote bianco; 6, La familia de 
uno de los ultimos caciques de la isla de Cuba . . . Barcelona, Impr. de 
Indar, 1839. 2 v. front. 16°. 

Quesada, Gonzalo de. Ignticio Mora. . Imprenta "America, " S. Figueroa, editor. 
New York, 1894. 184 pp., portraits. (Biblioteca de "Patria.") sq. 16°. 

History of the war. See Guiteras, John, editor. Free Cuba. 

translator. Patriotism©. Cuentos de guerra, traducidos del frances. Im- 

prenta "America," S. Figueroa, editor. 1893. 212 (1) pp. Woodcuts in 
the text. 16°. 

[Quesada, Manuel de] 1830?-1886. Address of Cuba to the United States. New 
¥ork. Comes, Lawrence & co., printers, 1873. 1 p. 1., iv, 41 pp. 24 cm. 
Signed: M. Quesada. 

Quesada, Rafael de. Defensa del senor brigadier Don Jose Coppinger sobre la 
entrega que hizo por capitulacion del castillo de S. Juan de Llua, de su 
mando, a los disidentes de Megico, leida por su defensor el coronel D. 
Rafael de Quesada, el dia 14 de marzo de 1826, en el Consejo de generates 
celebrado en esta capital, para purificar la conducta de aquel gefe. Ha- 
bana, Imprenta fraternal de los Diaz de Castro, 1826. 21 pp. 22 cm. 

QuESADO, Antonio Mir6. Universidad de Lima. La intervencion Americana en 
Cuba. Tesis presentada para optar el grado de Bachiller en la Facultad de 
Ciencias Politicas y Administrativas. Lima, 1898. 8°. 

La questi6n de Cuba. Paris, E. Dentu, 1859. 63 pp. 22 cm. 

Question cuBAiNE. L'esclavage et latraite a Cuba. Paris, Typographic Tolmer . . . 
. 1876. X, 30 pp. 8°. 

Translated by R. E. B6tanc6s. 

QuiNTANA, Sebastian Acosta. Pianos de comunicaciones de las provincias de la isla 
de Cuba, con otros datos relatives al ramo de correos. Habana, 10 de 
mayo de 1884. Copyright, 1884, by Jos6 Menendez & brother. 6 folded 
maps. 5 folded sheets. 32°. 

Ramos, Jose Eduaedo. Historia del uredo (1) cocivoro. — Informe de la comision 
nombrada por la Real Academia de ciencias m^dicas, fisicas y naturales 
de la Habana para investigar la causa de la enfermedad de los cocoteros 
de la isla de Cuba y buscar el remedio oportuno. [no title-page] 33 pp. 
[Real academia de ciencias medicas, fisicas y naturales de la Habana. 
Sesi6n del 8 de enero de 1882] 

Randolph, Cabman F. The law and policy of annexation. With special reference 

to the Philippines, together with observations on the status of Cuba. 

Longmans, Green and CO., London and Bombay, 1901. xi, (l),226pp. 8°. 

Chapter V. . . . Observations on the status of Cuba. Appendix of documents: A. 

Joint resolution in regard to Cuba; Declaration of war; Protocol of August 12, 1898; 

Proclamation of protocol; Treaty of Paris; Act of March 21, 1899. 

Some observations on the status of Cuba. 

Reprinted from Yale law journal for June, 1900. 12 pp. 8°. 

Rawson, James. Cuba. Edited by D. P. Kidder. New York, Lane & Tippett, 

1847. 70 pp. front., illus. 16°. 
Rea, Geoege Beonson. Facts and fakes about Cuba. A review of the various 

stories circulated in the United States concerning the present insurrection. 

By George Bronson Rea (field correspondent of "New York Herald"). 

Illustrated by William de La M. Cary. New York, George Munro's sons 

[1897] 336 pp. pis. 12°. 



374 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Real universidad de la Habana. Oracion inaugural pronunciada en la solemne 
apertiira del eurso academico de 1890 d 1891 y memoria anuario del de 
1888 a 1889 que se publican con arreglo al articulo 106 del reglamento 
universitario. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y capitania general por 
S. M., 1890. f°. 

The inaugural discourse was by Juan Vilar6 y Diaz. 

— Same. 1894 a 1895. Habana, 1894. f°. 

The discourse was delivered by Juan Francisco Albear y Saint-Just. 

Reclus, Jean Jacques Elisee. The earth and its inhabitants. By Elis^e Reclus. 
Edited by A. H. Keane. London, [ ] 

Vol. 17, pp. 351-381 are devoted to an account of Cuba, its physical features, rivers, 
reefs and cays, climate, flora, fauna, inhabitants, topography, and economic 
condition. 

Replectiones de un Habanero sobre la independencia de esta isla. 2. ed. Cor. y 
aumentada por su autor. Habana, Arazoza y Soler, 1823. 2 p. 1., 37 pp. 
19 cm. 

Signed "Un Habanero." 

Reputacion al papel anonimo titulado : Estado actual de la isla de Cuba, y medios 

que han de adoptarse para fomentar su prosperidad con utilidad de la 

madre patria. Madrid, L. Amarita, 18.S8. 103 pp., tab. 20^- cm. 
Regnault, Elias. Histoire des Antilles et des colonies frangaises, espagnoles, anglai- 

ses, danoises et suedoises. Saint-Domingue, Cuba et Porto-Rico . . . 

Paris, Firmin Didot freres, 1849. (2), 160 pp. 8°. (L'Univers, vol. 26) 
Reparaz, G[onzalo] La guerra de Cuba. Estudio militar, por G. Reparaz . . . 

Madrid, La Espafia editorial, 1896. 216, [1] p. 22 cm. 
La Republica Cubana. Aiio 1-2; enero 1896-sept. 30, 1897. Paris, 1896-97. 2 vols. 

in 1. f°. 
Revista de Cuba. Periodico mensual de ciencias, derecho, literatura y bellas artes 

. . . Director: Dr. Jose Antonio Cortina. Habana, 1877-84. 16 vols. 8°. 
Revista de la Habana. 1. 1-6, 2. ser. t. 1-4; marzo 1853-setiembre 1857. Habana, 

Impr. del Tiempo, 1853-57. 9 v. illus., pi., port. f°. and 8°. 
Editors: R. M. de Mendive and J. de J. Q. Garcia. 
Reynoso, Alvaro. Notas acerca del cultivo en Camellones. Agricultiira de los 

indigenas de Cuba y Haiti. Paris, Ernesto Leroux, 1881. (6), 111 pp. 8°. 
RicAPORT, Mariano, and others. Reglamento de la real casa de maternidad, dis- 

puesto por su junta de gobierno . . . Habana, Oficina de D. Jos^ 

Bolona, ano 1833. (2), 66 pp. 12°. 
RiES, Julius. Schilderungen des triebens im leben und hand el in den Vereinigten 

Staaten und Havana, gesammelt auf reisen in den jahren 1838 und 1839. 

Von Julius Ries. Berlin, Auf kosten und im selbstverlage des verfassers 

1840. X, 236, [2] pp. 20^ cm. 
Ripley, Eliza McHatton- From flag to flag; a woman's adventures and experi- 
ences in the South during the war, in Mexico, and in Cuba, by Eliza Mc- 

Hatton-Ripley . . . New York, D. Appleton and co., 1889 [1888] 296pp. 

18J cm. 
Robertson, James. A few months in America; containing remarks on some of the 

industrial and commercial interests. London, [1855] vii, 230 pp. 12°. 
Pages 91-101 contain " Cuba; its annexation a gain or loss to the United States." 

Robinson, Albert G[ardner] 1855- Cuba and the intervention, by Albert G. Rob- 
inson. New York, London [etc.] Longmans, Green and eo., 1905. 5 
p. 1., 359 pp. 2in-m. 

. . . Facts and figures on the Cuban situation. Prepared at the request of 

the Cu))an Planters' Association by Albert G. Robinson, Washington, 
January, 1902. [Washington, Press of Byron S. Adams, 1902] 27 pp. 
12°. 

Cover-title. 



HANDBOOK OF CFBA. 375 

RocHAS, V[ictor] de. Cuba under Spanish rule. By Dr. V. de Roches[!] (From 
the "Revue contemporaine. " ) New York, Great American engraving 
and printing company [1869?] 57 pp. 23 cm. 

{In Cuban committee in London. The revolution in Cuba. [London, 1896?] 24 cm. 

pp. [65] -109) 
First published in the Revue contemporaine, v. 105-106, 1869, and issued ^leparately in 

English, New York [1869] 

Rodriguez, Jose Ignacio. Vida de Don Jose de la Luz y Caballero, por Jose Igna- 
cio Rodriguez. Nueva York, Impr. de "El ]\'Iundo nuevo — La America 
ilustrada," 1874. xii, 327 pp. front, (port.) 12°. 

Vida del presbitero Don F61ix Varela (savant philosophe Cubain) Nueva 

York, Imprenta de "O Novo mundo," 1878. xviii, 448 pp. port. 

facsimile. 8°. 
Rodriguez de Tio, Lola. Claros y nieblas. Poesiae. Con un prologo del porte 

Carlos Penaranda, y un juicio del Don Cecilio Acosta. Mayaguez, Tipo- 

grafia comercial. Marina, 1885. xxix, (2), 333 pp. port. 12°. 
Rodriguez Ferrer, Miguel. De los terricolas cubanos con anterioridad A los que 

allf encontro Colon, segun puede inferirse de las antigiiedades encontradas 

en esta isla. 

{In Congreso internacional de Americanistas, Actas de la cuarta reunion. Madrid, 
1881. vol. 1. pp. 224-261. Madrid, 1882. 8°) 

La isla de Cuba estuvo unida un dfa al continente americano. 

(/?i Congreso internacional de Americanistas, Actas de la cuarta reuni6n. Madrid. 
1881. vol. 1. pp. 95-113. Madrid, 1882. 8°) 

Naturaleza y civilizaciqn de la grandiosa isla de Cuba, 6 Estudios variados 

y cientificos, al alcance de todos, y otros historico, estadisticos y politicos 
. . . Por el Ilmo. Seilor D. Miguel Rodriguez-Ferrer . . . Madrid, Impr. 
de J; Noguera, 1876-87. 2 v. 25J cm. 

Contents. — 1, Naturaleza. Pro cede A e6sta, una introduccion sobre las colonias en ge- 
neral y nuestras provincias ultramarinas en particular. 2, Civilizaci6n. En esta 
parte se contiene el curso que ha venido teniendo la de esta isla desde su des- 
cubrimiento y colonizacion hasta nuestros dlas, con curiosas notas e interesantes 
documentos. 

Los nuevos peligros de Cuba entre sus cinco crisis actuales, por D. Miguel 

Rodriguez Ferrer . . . Madrid, Impr. de M. Galiano, 1862, 197 pp. 

17 J cm. 
Rodriguez Landeyra, Francisco. Estudio sobre la geografia de la isla de Cuba;. 

por Francisco Rodriguez Landeyra . . . Zaragoza, Establecimiento tipo- 

grMcQ de "La Derecha," 1896. 266 pp. 20 cm. 
Rodriguez San Pedro, Joaquin, and others. Legislacion ultramarina. Concordada 

y anotada por Joaquin Rodriguez San Pedro . . . con la colaboracion de 

Antonio Fernandez Chorot, Eduardo y Arturo Piera y Manuel Gonzdiez 

Junguitu. Madrid, Imprenta de los Sefiores Viota, Cubas y Vicente, 

(etc. ), 1865-1869, 16 vols, large 8°. 
[Rogers, Carlton H.] Incidents of travel in the southern states and Cuba. With 

a description of the Mammoth cave . . . New York, R. Craighead, 1862. 

320 pp. 12°. 

Preface signed C. H. R. 

Rosain, Domingo. Necropolis de la Habana. Historia de los cementerios de esta 

ciudad con multitud de noticias interesantes. Habana, Imprenta "El 

Trabajo," 1875. 543, xiii, (1) pp. 8°. 
Rosal [y Vazquez de Mondragon], Antonio del. Los mambises. Memorias de 

un prisionero, por el capitan de infanteria Don Antonio del Rosal. Madrid, 

Impr. de Pedro Abienzo, 1874. 44 pp. 8°. 



376 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

RosEMOND DE Beauvallon, J[ean] B[aptiste] L'lle de Cuba, par J.-B. Rosemond 
de Beauvallon. Premiere partie. Voyage h la Ha vane, sur les cotes, dans 
I'interieur, a Santiago. Societe. — Moeurs. — Paysages. — Episodes. Paris, 
Dauvi'n et Fontaine [etc.], 1844. xii p., 11., 470 pp. 21 cm. 
No more published. 
Round Island expedition. Defence of the navy. Mobile, Printed at the job office 
of the Daily advertiser, 1849. 8 pp. 8°. 

Two articles published in the Mobile advertiser of Sept. 18 and 19, 1849. Signed 
"Truth." 

RouTiER, Gaston. L'Espagne en 1897. Paris, 1897. Le Soudier. 

"Devotes a large part of the book to Cuba and President McKinley's message." 

[Rovira, Carlos A.] El coronel Ordonez y Cuba en 1851; reflexiones que someten 
a la consideracion de las Cortes del reino y de todos los Espanoles resi- 
dentes en ambos hemisferios, dos Cubanos. Paris, Garnier hermanos, 
1867. 50 pp. 21 cm. 

Signed C. A. Rovira and C. Echevarne. 

Rowan, Andrew Summers, and Marathon Montrose Ramsey. The Island of Cuba. 
A descriptive and historical account of the Great Antilla. New York, 
Henry Holt and company, 1896. x, 279 pp. 2 folded maps. 16°. 

Bibliography, pp. 261-273. 

RuBio, Juan [director de la Escuela del Real Sitio de San Ildefonso] Consejos 
dirigidos d los maestros de primeras letras. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 
1832. 37 pp. 24°. 

[Reimpresos por disposici6n de la Real Sociedad Econdmica de amigos de este pais.] 

Russel, Robert. North America: its agriculture and climate. Containing observa- 
tions on the agriculture and climate of Canada, the United States, and the 
island of Cuba. Edinburgh; Adam and Charles Black, 1857. (6), 390 pp. 
plates, folded maps. 8°. 
Cuba: pp. 204-242. 

Sabanilla, Ferro-carril de la. Junta directiva. Esposicion de los trabajos de la 
Junta directiva del ferro-carril de la Sabanilla. [Matanzas, 1842] vi pp. 
12°. 

No t.-p. 

Saco, Jose Antonio, 1800?-1879. Coleccion de papeles cientificos, historicos, politicos 
y de otros ramos sobre la isla de Cuba, ya publicados, ya ineditos, por Don 
Jose Antonio Saco . . . Paris, Impr.de d'Aubussonylvugelmann, 1858-59. 
3 v. in 2. diagr. 22 cm. 

. Coleccion postuma de papeles cientificos, historicos, politicos y de otros 

ramos, sobre la isla de Cuba, ya publicados, ya inMitos. Habana, Miguel 
de Villa, 1881. 489, (2) pp. 8°. 

Contains: Conformidad entre las institueiones de las provincias hispano-americanas y 
su metr6poli en los tiempos pasados, y contraste en el presente; Refutaci6n de los 
argumentos con que se pretende defender en Cuba el actual riSgimen absoluto; Venta 
de los bienes de las ordenes religiosas suprimidas en Cuba; inversi6n de una parte 
del producto de ellos A favor de la misma Isla; Estado de las calles de la Habana; 
Hay en Cuba patriotismo?; Una revelaci6n al publico cubano 6 sea rectificaci6n de 
uno de mis escritos; La estadistica criminal de Cuba en 1862; Fiestas con que la 
Habana ha celebrado en los dias 15, 16 y 17 de mayo de 1864 el adoquinado de la 
Calzada del Monte, hoy llamada calledel Principe Alfonso; El actual Emperadorde 
M6jico y el Conde de Aranda; Los chinos en Cuba; La politica absolutista en las 
provincias ultramarinas; Introduccion de colonos africanos en Cuba y sus incon- 
venientes; Cuba es la que debe imponerse sus contribuciones, dirigiiindolas 6 invirti- 
6udolas en .sus proprias necesidades; La esclavitud politica a que las provincias de 
Ultramar fueron condenadas en 1837 fuii un acto anticonstituoional y nulo; Voto 
particular en la Junta de Informacion sobre reformas en Cuba y Puerto-Rico . . .; 
Fragmentos inijditos sobre la refutaci6n de las obj'eciones hechas al Voto particular; 
La esclavitud en Cuba y la revoluci6n de Espana; Carta al Seiior D. Miguel Almagro. 



SAIfDBOOK OF CUBA. 87V 

Saco, Jose Antonio, 1800?-1879. L'esclavage a Cuba et la revolution d'Eapagne; 
Traduction et preface de Montluc (Leon Pierre Adrian de) . 2" Edition. 
Paris, E. Dentu, 1869. 23 pp. 8°. 

Examen analitico del informe de la comision especial nombrada por las 

cortes, sobre la esclusion de los actuales y futures diputados de ultramar, 
y sobre la necesidad de regir aquellos paises por leyes especiales. Su 
autor Don Jos6 Antonio Saco . . . Madrid, T. Jordan, 1837. 32 pp. 
19J cm. 

Examen analitico del informe de la comision especial nombrada por las 

cortes, sobre la esclusion de los actuales y futuros diputados de ultramar, 
y sobre la necesidad de regir aquellos paises por leyes especiales. Madrid, 
Oflcina de Thomas Jordan, 1837. 

(In Ms Obras. vol. 1. pp. 105-137. N. Y. 1853.) 

Folletos escritos por Don Jos6 Antonio Saco, contra la anexion de la isla de 

Cuba & los Estados Unidos de America; tomo linico. Nueva York, 

E. Lockwood e hijo, 1856. 1 p. 1., [7]-233 p. 19 cm. 

, Contents. — Ideas sobre la incorporaei6n de Cuba en los Estados-Unidos. — Replica . . . 

d, los anexionistas que ban impugnado sus ideas sobre la lncorporaei6n de Cuba 

en los Estados-Unidos. — Las situacion politica de Cuba y su remedio. — Cuesti6n de 

Cuba. 

Historia de la esclavitud desde los tiempos mds remotos hasta nuestros dias 

. . . Paris, Lahure, 1875-77. 3 v. 8°. 

Ideas sobre la incorporacion de Cuba en los Estados-Unidos. (Paris, 1848.) 

{In Ms Obras. vol. 2, pp. 7-29. N. Y. (1853.) 

Justa defensa de la Academia cubana de literatura contra los violentos ata- 

ques que se le ban dado en el Diario de la Habana, desde el 12 hasta el 23 
de abril del presente ano, escrita por Don Jos6 Antonio Saco, y publicada 
por un amigo de la Academia. New-Orleans, Impresa por St. Romes, 
■ 1834. 30 pp. 19J cm. 

Justa defensa de la Academia Cubana de literatura contra los violentos ataques 

que se le han dado en el Diario de la Habana, desde el 12 hasta el 23 de 
abril del presente ano . . . publicada por un amigo de la Academia. 
New-Orleans, Impresa por Mr. St. Romes. Oficina de el Courier, ailo de 
1834. 

(Im Am Obras. vol.1, pp. 43-73. N. Y. 1853.) 

Memoria sobre caminos, en la isla de Cuba. Por Don Jos6 Antonio Saco. 

Nueva- York, Impr. por G. F. Bunce, 1830. 1 p. 1., iv, [5]-96 p. pi. fold, 
tab. 21 cm. 

Memoria sobre caminos en la isla de Cuba. N. Y., G. F. Bunce, 1830. 

{In Ms Obras. vol. 2. pp. 257-347. N. Y. 1853.) 

Memoria sobre la vagancia en la isla de Cuba . . . premiada por la real 

sociedad patriotica de la Habana en diciembre de 1831. 

(Jn Ms Obras. vol.1, pp. 7-42. N. Y. 1853.) 

Mi primera pregunta. ^La abolicion del comercio de esclavos africanos 

arruinard 6 atrasard la agricultura cubana? . . . Madrid, M. Calero, 1837. 
39 pp. 12°. 

Mi primera pregunta. ^La abolicion del comercio de esclavos africanos 

arruinarii 6 atrasard la agricultura cubana? . . . Madrid: Imp. Marcelino 
Calero, 1837. 

(Jm Ms Obras. vol.1, pp. 75-104. N. Y. 1853.) 

Obras de Don Jos6 Antonio Saco. Compiladas por primera vez y publicadas 

en dos tomos, por un paisano del autor . . . Nueva- York, Libreria ameri- 
cana y estrangera de R. Lockwood e hijo [°1853] 2 v. 19J cm. 

Paralelo entre la isla de Cuba y algunas colonias inglesas. Madrid, oficina 

de Don Thomas Jordan, 1837. 

(Jm Ms Obras. vol.1, pp. 147-170. N. Y. 1853.) 



378 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Saco, Jose Antonio, 1800?-1879. Protesta de los disputados electos por la isla de 
Cuba it las cortes generales de la nacion. Madrid, Imp. del ' ' Mundo, ' ' 1837. 
(In his Ohms, vol.1, pp. 139-141. N. Y. 1853.) 

Reclamaciones del disputado a cortes por la provincia de Cuba sobre la 

aprobacion 6 desaprobacion de sus poderes. Madrid, Imp. D. E. F. de 
Angulo, 1837. 

{In his Ohms, vol.1, pp. 142-145. N. Y. 1853.) 

Replica de Don Jose Antonio Saco a la contestacion del Seiior Fiscal . . . 

Don Vicente Vasquez Queipo, en el examen del informe sobre el fomento 
de la poblacion blanca, etc., en la isla de Cuba. Madrid, Imp. de "la 
Publicidad," d cargo de M. Rivadeneyra, 1847. 
(In his OhreiS. vol.1, pp. 247-341. N. Y. 1853.) 

R6plica de Don Jose Antonio Saco a los anexionis tas que ban impugnado 

sus ideas sobre la incorporacion de Cuba en los Estados-Unidos. Madrid, 
imp. de la compaiiia de impresores y libreros de Reino, 1850. 
{In his Ohms, vol.2, pp. 31-148. N. Y. 1853.) 

La situacion politica de Cuba y su remedio. Paris, Imp. de E. Thunot y 

Compafifa, 1851. 

(Jft/iisOtaras. vol.2, pp. 149-233. N. Y. 1853.) 

La supresion del trdtico de esclavos africanos en la isla de Cuba, examinada 

■ con relacion d, su agricultura y d su seguridad . . . Paris, Impr. de Panc- 
koucke, 1845. 70 pp., 1 1. 8°. 

La supresion del trdfico de esclavos Africanos en la isla de Cuba; examinada 

con relacion d su agricultura y d su seguridad. Paris, imp. De Panckoucke, 
1845. 

(iw his Obras. vol. 1, pp. 171-232. N. Y. 1853.) 

Tablas necrolojicas del colera-morbus en la ciudad de la Habana . . . for- 

madas d escitacion del . . . conde de Velanueva por D. Ramon de la 
Sagra. Habana, imp. del Gobierno . . . 1833. 
{In his Obras. vol. 2, pp. 235-256. N. Y. 1853.) 

Sagea, Ramon de la. Cuba en 1860, 6 sea cuadro de sus adelantos en la poblacion, 
la agricultura, el comercio y las rentas publicas, suiDlemento d la primera 
parte de la Historia politica y natural de la isla de Cuba, por D. Ramon 
de la Sagra. Ed. aumentada con el censo de la poblaci6n en 1861. Paris, 
L. Hachette y ca., 1863. 2 p. 1., 282 pp. 40^- cm. 

Historia economico-politica y estadistica de la isla de Cuba; 6 sea de sus 

progresos en la poblacion, la agricultura, el comercio y las rentas. Por 
Don Ramon de la Sagra . . . Habana, Impr. de las viudas de Arazoza y 
Soler, 1831. 2 p. 1., xiii, [3], 386 p., 1 1. incl. tab. 23J cm. 
Includes the census for 1774, 1792, 1817, and 1827. 

Historia ffsica, economico-politica, intelectual y moral de la isla de Cuba por 

D. Ramon de la Sagra. Nueva ed. considerablemente aumentada. Rela- 
cion del ultimo viaje del autor. Paris, L. Hachette y ca., 1861. 2 p. 1., 
250 pp., 1 1. 21 cm. 

Historia fisica, polftica y natural de la isla de Cuba. Paris, Arthur Bertrand, 

1842-56. 12 vols, plates, maps. i°. 

Contents. — Historia fisica y politica por Ramon de la Sagra. Paris, 1842-43. 2 vols, 
maps. 

Vol.1: Introduccion, Ixxix pp.; Geografla, 76 pp.; Clima, pp. 77-123; Ap6ndice A la 
parte mineralogica, pp. 124-140; Poblacion (census of 1774, 1792, 1817, 1827), pp. 141- 
224; Agricultura 6 industria rural, pp. 225-300. Paris, 1842. Ixxix, 302 pp. 

Vol. 2: Comercio maritime, pp. 1-88; Rentas y gastos, pp. 89-128; Puerza armada ter- 
re.stre y maritima, pp. 129-135; Apendice: Extractos . . . de los documentos del 
Archive de Sevilla, concernientes a la America espaiiola. 72 pp. (An^lisis del censo 
de la poblacion . . . en 1841, pp. 65-72.) Atlas geografico, 2 pp. 12 maps. Paris, 
1842: (4), 2, 135; 72, 2; (2), 2 pp. 12 maps. f°. 



HAJSTDBOOK OF CUBA. 379 

"Vol. 3: Mamiferos y Aves. Mamlferos [por Ramon de la Sagra] Paris, 1845. (2), 39 
pp. Aves por Alcides d'Orbigny. . Paris, 1839. 220 pp. 

Independent title-pages. 

Vol.4: Reptiles y peoes. [Reptiles por Cocteau y Bibron [pp. 1-10 (introduccion); 
11-143, parte descriptiva] ; Peces por A. Guichenot. [pp. 145-255.] Paris, 1843. (2) 
255 pp. 

Vol. 5: Moluscos por Alcides d'Orbigny. 

Vol.6: Fosiles, Foraminiferas, [por Alcides d'Orbigny.] Paris, 1855. (2), 33-180 pp. 

Vol. 7: [Animales articulados con pi6s articulados.] Crustaceos, aragnides 6 insectos 
[por P. E. Gu6rin-M6neville.] Crustaceos, pp. v-xxxii. insectos pp. 1-371. Paris, 
1856. (2) xxxii, 371 pp. 

Vol. 8: Atlas de Zoologia. 

Vols. 9-11: Botdnica. Vol. 9: Criptogamia 6 plantas celulares, per Camilo Montagne; 
Paris, 1845. (4), 64, 316 pp. Contains the following introductory articles: Flora 
cubana, introduccion per Ramon de la Sagra. pp. 1^; Exposicion sucincta del 
resultado de las . . . observaciones concernientes & la vegetacion cubana ... no 
comprendidas en la parte descriptiva de ellas, pp. 6-64; (Calendario de flora para la 
isla de Cuba, pp. 10-14; Epitome de la flora Cubana, fanerogamia, pp. 31-45; cripto- 
gamia, pp. 46-49) por Ramon de la Sagra. Vols. 10, 11: Fanerogamia 6 plantas 
vasculares, por A. Richard. Paris, 1845-50. 2 vols. 

Vol. 12: Atlas de bot^nica. Paris, 1865. (4) pp. 109. plates. f°. 

Sagka, Ramon de la. Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de I'lsle de Cuba. 

Botanique, plantes cellulaires. Par Camille Montagne. Paris, A. Bert]:and, 

1838-42. (4), X, 549 pp. 8° 

Botaniqne, plantes vasculaires de I'ile de Cuba, par A. Richard. 

Foraminiferes, par Alcide d'Orbigny. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1839. Text, xlviii, 

224 pp. 8°. atlas. f°. 

Histoire physique et politique de I'ile de Cuba, par Ramon de la Sagra, 

traduite par M. Berthelot. Paris, A. Bertrand. 

Mammiferes, j^ar Ramon de La Sagra, par de Berthelot. Paris, A. Bertrand, 

1840. (6), xlv, (1), 18 pp. atlas. f°. 

Qrnithologie, par Alcide d'Orbigny. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1839. xxxi, (1), 

386 pp. 8°. atlas. f°. 

The volumes on "Mammiferes" and " Ornithologie " are bound together, forming 
one volume of letter-press and one volume of plates. 

Mollusques, par Alcide d'Orbigny. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1853. 2 vols. 8°. 

Poissons, par A. Guichenot. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1853. (2), 206, (1) pp. 8°. 

Reptiles, par MM. Cocteau et Bibron. Paris, A. Bertrand. 

Relacion de los trabajos fisicos y meteorologicos hechos por Don Andres 

Poey, tanto en la Habana como en Europa destinada para servir de 
introducci6n A lasfuturas tareas del Observatorio meteorologico de aquella 
ciudad . . . Paris, E. Thunot y comp., 1858. 1 p. 1., 40 pp. 8°. S. 
Cover-title. 

Saint- Vel, 0[ctave] Traite des maladies des regions intertropicales . . . Paris, 
A. Delahaye, 1868. xi, 512 pp. 8°. 

Salles, Antonio. Poetas Cubanos. 

{In Revista Brazileira, vol. 14, June, 1893, pp. 301-326.) 

Salterain, p. Ligera reseiia de los temblores de tierra ocurridos en la Isla de Cuba. 
{In Comision del mapa geologico de Espafia. Boletin, vol. 10, pp. 371-385. Madrid, 
1883. 8°. 

Santacilia, Pedro, 1829- Lecciones orales sobre la historia de Cuba, pronunciadas 
en el Ateneo democrdtico cubano de Nueva York, por Pedro Santacilia. 
Nueva-Orleans, impr. de L. E. del Cristo, 1859. xi, 220 p. 21J cm. 
Santiago, and the freeing of Spanish America, 1741 . . . [New York, 1899] cover- 
title, 323-328 pp. 27 cm. 

Reprinted from the American historical review, v. 4, no. 2, Jan., 1899. 
Contents. — I, [Minutes of an English] council of war at Santiago de la Vega, Jamaica, 
>^^ > y, May 26, 1741.— II, Some thoughts relating to oyr conquests in America, June 6, 1741. - ^ j 




380 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Santo Angel Custodio parish, Havana. Esposicion de la fiesta de gracias al arc^n- 
gel San Rafael, por haber cesado la epidemia del colera en el barrio de la pa- 
rroquia del Santo Angel Custodio, y de las ecsequias que por los feligreses 
que fallecieron, celebraron su Junta de caridad e indi\'iduos calificadores, 
con los sermones que se predicaron en ellas . . . Habana, J. Bolona, 
1834. 3 p. 1., 34 pp. illus. 12°. 

Santos Fuentes y Betancourt, Emilio de los. Aparicion y desarrollo de la poesia 
en Cuba; tesis que, para incorporarse en la Universidad mayor de San 
Marcos de Lima, leyo ... D. Emilio de los Santos Fuentes y Betan- 
court . . . Lima, impr. de "La Opinion nacional," 1877. 23pp. 26 cm. 

[Santos Suarez, Joaquin.] La cuestion Africana en la isla de Cuba, considerada 
bajo su doble aspecto de la trata interior y esterior. Por un cubano pro- 
pietario. Madrid, 1863. 63 pp. 4°. 

Bound with Montaos y Robillard Francisco. Proyecto de Emancipacion de la escla- 
vitud en la isla de Cuba. 

Saussure, Heure de. Rapport sur un os maxillaire inf^rieur trouv^ a Cuba, par 
M. Ferrer. 

{In Congreso internacional de Americanistas, actas de la cuarta reuni6n, Madrid, 
1881. vol. 1. pp. 262-265. Dictamen acerea de la misma mandibula, de doctor O. 
J. B. HSjar y Haro. pp. 265-267. Madrid, 1881. 8°) 

Scherzer, Karl ritter von. Aus dem natur- und volkerleben im tropischen Ame- 
rika. Skizzenbuch von dr. Karl v. Scherzer. Leipzig, G. Wigand, 1864. 
2 p. 1., 380 pp. 20 J cm. 
Cuba: pp. 22-28; 331-380. 

Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde . . . 1857, 
1858, 1859 . . . Statistisch-commercieller Theil . . . Wien, K. K. Hof- 
und Staatsdruckerei, 1865. 2 vols. maps. f°. 
Cuba: vol. 2. pp. 467-495. (1 map) 

Die westindischen Inseln St. Thomas, Haiti, Porto Rico und Cuba. Mit 
einer Karte. 

{In Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 
1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wiillerstorf-Urbair. Statistisch- 
commercieller Theilvon Dr. Karl von Scherzer. Zvs'eiter Band. Wien, 1865. pp. 
467-495) 

ScHtJTz [zu] Holzhausen, [Kuno Damian] freiherr von and Springer, Robert, ed. 
Cuba und die iibrigen inseln Westindiens. Mit besonderer beriicksich- 
tigung der politischen und sozialen verhaltnisse . . . Wiirzburg und 
Leipzig, Woerl's reisebiicherverlag [1896] xii, 388 pp. front., pi., fold, 
map. 16°. 
Sedano [y Cruzat], Carlos de. Cuba; estudios politicos, por D. Cd,rlos de Sedano 
. . . Madrid, Impr. A cargo de M. G. Hernandez, 1872. 4 p. 1., 457, 
[5] pp. 8°. 

"Estudios politicos sobre Cuba por D. Carlos de Sedano," an article by Antonio 
Romero Ortiz from "La Polltica," January 1873, forms part of the introductory mat- 
ter. 

Serra Montalvo, Rafael. Ensayos politicos. Segunda serie. New York, 1896. 
221, (1), xvipp. portrait, sq. 16°. 

Mainly a reprint of newspaper articles advertising the Cuban cause. Contains a 
sketch of Jos6 Marti. 

SiGSBEE, Charles D. The "Maine." An account of her destruction in Havana har- 
bor. The personal narrative of Captain Charles D. Sigsbee. New York, 
The Century co., 1899. xiv, (2), 27 pp. pis. (photogravures) por- 
traits. 8°. 

Simancas, M. G. Riqueza minera de las Villas, Cuba. With map. 
{In Revista de geogrAfia comm. Madrid, 1887) 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 381 

Simpson, Charles ToKRE-f . Distribution of the land and fresh water mollusks of the 
West Indian region and their evidence with regard to past changes of land 
and sea. 

{In U. S. National Museum. Proceedings, vol. 17, pp. 423-450. Washington, 1895. 
pi. 8°) 

SiRGADO Y Sequeira, Pedro Pascual de. Elogio del Sr. Juan Manuel O'Farrill, 
pronunciado en la Real sociedad patriotica de la Habana. Habana, 1831. 
14 pp. 8°. 
SivERS, Jegor von. Cuba, die Perle der Antillen. Reisedenkwiirdigkeiten und 
Forschungen. Leipzig, Carl Fr. Fleischer, 1861. vi, (2), 364 pp. 8°. 
Reviewed in The Nation, vol. 3 (Aug. 2^ 1866), pp. 85-87. 
"Schriften uber Cuba," pp. 341-346. 

Skinner, Charles M[ontgomery] 1852- Myths and legends of our new possessions 
and protectorate. Philadelphia and London, J. B. Lippincott co., 1900 
[1899] 354 pp. pi. 12°. 

Smith, Aaron. The atrocities of the pirates, or, a faithful narrative of the unparal- 
leled sufferings endured by the author, during his captivity among the 
pirates of the island of Cuba, with an account of the excesses and barbari- 
ties of those inhuman freebooters. London, G. and W. B. Whittaker, 
1824. xi, (1), 214 pp. 16°. 

Same. First American, from the London edition. New York, Robert 

Lowry, 1824. 158 pp. 16°. 
[Smith, Henry Erskine] On and off the saddle; characteristic sights and scenes 
from the great Northwest to the x-lntilles. By Lispenard Rutgers [pseud.'\ 
New York, London, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1894. viii, 201 pp. front., 
pi. 16°. 
Snow, Freeman. Treaties and topics in American diplomacy. Boston, Boston book 
company, 1894. vii, (1), 515 pp. 8°. 

• Cuba: pp. 349-357. Contain an outline history of the attempts made to acquire Cuba 
supposed to be favored by the United States Government. 

SoLORZANO Pereira. Politica Indiana. Sacada en lengua castellana de los dos tomos 
del derecho, i govierno municipal de las Indias Occidentales que mas 
copiosamente escrito en la Latina por el mismo avtor, dividida en seis 
libros. En los quales con gran distincion, i estvdio se trata, i resuelve todo 
lo tocante al descubrimiento, descripcion, adquisicion, i retencion de las 
mismas Indias, i su govierno particular . . . Anadidas muchas cosas, que 
no estan en los tomos Latinos, i en particular to do el libro sexto, que en 
dies i siete capitulos trata de la hazienda real de las Indias . . . En Mad- 
rid, porDiago Diaz de la Carrera, ano MDCXLVIII. (44), 1040, (104) 
pp. f°. 

SoTOMAYOR, Urbano F[eyjoo] DE. Isla de Cuba, por Urbano F. de Sotomayor. 
Paris, Impr. de A. Blondeau, 1852. 63 pp. 24 cm. 

Souvenir of the island of Cuba. [New York] J. C. Prince, 1894. cover-title, 36 1. 
obi. 12°. 

Spain. Presupuestos generales de gastos e ingresos de la Isla de Cuba en el ano eco- 
nomico de 1886-87, modificados por real decreto de 12 de agosto de 1887 
para el ejercicio de 1887 a 1888. Madrid, 1887. 4°. 

Comision de reforma arancelaria de Cuba y Puerto Rico. Seccion de Cuba. 

. . . Proyecto de dictamen de la ponencia segunda (clases 4", 5% 6", 7% 
y 13^ del arancel) presentado por los sefiores vocales de la misma, D. Ma- 
nuel Girona, presidente de la Ctimara de comercio de Barcelona, D. Antonio 
Ferratges, marques de Mont-Roig, diputado a Cortes y D. Avelino Brunet, 
representante del Fomento del trabajo nacional de Barcelona. Madrid, 
Imprenta d cargo de B. A. de La Fuente, 1895. 24 pp. 27|^ cm. 



382 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Spain. Laws, statutes, etc. Translation of the municipal and provincial laws in lorce 
in the island of Cuba. [By the U. S.] War department. Division of cus- 
toms and insular affairs. August, 1899. 'Washington, Government print- 
ing office, 1899. 71pp. 23 cm. 

Translation of the notarial laws in force in Cuba and Puerto Rico 

(1888) [By the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs. War 
department, July, 1899. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 
58 pp. 23 cm. 

Contains the notarial laws and regulations of October 29, 1873 (Emilio Castelar, presi- 
dent of the republic) Also, royal decrees from 1878 to 1893. 

Laws, statutes, etc., 1874-1885 (Alfonso XII) Translation of the code of 

commerce in force in Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippines, amended by 
the law of June 10, 1897, including the commercial registry regulations, 
exchange regulations, and other provisions of a similar character, with 
annotations and appendices. [By the U. S.] Division of customs and 
insular affairs. War department. October, 1899. Washington, Govern- 
ment printing office, 1899. [1], iv, 3-291 pp. 23 J cm. 

Same. Translation of the general law of public works of the island of Cuba, 

and regulations for its execution. With the addition of all subsequent 
provisions published to date. (1891) [By the U. S.] War department. 
Division of customs and insular affairs. 1899. W^ashington, Government 
printing office, 1899. 101 pp. 23^ cm. 

Binder's title: Cuba — General law of puVjlic works, 1891. 

Same. Translation of the Law of civil procedure for Cuba and Porto Rico, 

with annotations, explanatory notes, and amendments made since the 
American occupation. [By the U. S.] War department. Division of insu- 
lar affairs, January, 1901. Washington, Government printing office, 1901. 
xi, 544 pp. 23J cm. 

Given by royal decree, Sept. 25, 1885. 

Includes citations from decisions of the Supreme court of Madrid, 1857-1892. 
Appendices: I, Changes in and amendments to the Civil procedure of the island iof 
Cuba made by the military government during the years 1899 and 1900. — II, Changes 
in and amendments to the Civil procedure of the island of Porto Rico made by the 
military government during the years 1898, 1899 and 1900. 

Same. Translation of the law of railroads for the island of Cuba, and regu- 

lations for its execution, with additions to date. (1895) [By the U. S.] 
Division of customs and insular affairs, War department, July, 1899. 
Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 58 pp. 23 cm. 

The railroad larsv, as given by Alfonso XII, Nov. 23, 1877, with the addition of the 
"Budget law of June 5, 1880." The "Regulations" are made by the minister of 
commerce and public works, approved by His Majesty May 24, 1878. 
The whole is ordered to be published in the "Gaceta," for general information, by 
the secretary of the general government of Cuba, Jan. 5, 1883. 

Same. Translation of the Mining law applied to Cuba by Royal decrees of 

October 10, 1883, and June 27, 1884, with an api^endix containing all the 
provisions issued to date. [By the U. S.] War department. Division of 
customs and insular affairs, June, 1900. Washington, Government print- 
ing office, 1900. 95 pp. 24 cm. 
Binder's title: Cuba — Mining laws. 

Same. Translation of the penal code in force in Cuba and Porto Rico. \_By 

the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs. War Department. 
July, 1900. Washington, Government printing office, 1900. 175 pp. 
23 J cm. 

Royal decree of May 23, 1879. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 383 

Spain. Laws, statutes, etc., 1886- (Alfonso XIII) Translation. Adaptation of 
the electoral law of June 26, 1890, to the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico. 
[By the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs, War department. 
August,' 1899. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 23 pp. 

23 cm. 

Same. New constitution establishing self-government in the islands of Cuba 

and Porto Rico. Authorized translation of the preamble and royal decree 
of November 25, 1897, published in the Official Gazette of Madrid. With 
comments by Cuban autonomists on the scope of the plan and its liber- 
ality as compared with Canadian autonomy and Federal state rights. 
Published at the office of "Cuba." New York, 1898. 74, (1) pp. 16°. 

Same. Translation. Constitution establishing self-government in the 

islands of Cuba and Porto Rico. Promulgated by royal decr&e of Novem- 
ber 25, 1897. [By the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs. War 
department, August, 1899. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 

24 pp. .23 cm. 

Same. Translation of the civil code in force in Cuba, Porto Rico, and the 

Philippines. [By the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs, War 
department. October, 1899. Washington, Government printing office, 

1899. 1 p. 1., vi, 3-322 pp. 23^ cm. 
Royal decree of July 31, 1889. 

Same. Translation of the law of ports in the island of Cuba. [By the IT. S.] 

Division of customs and insular affairs. War department. May, 1900. 
Washington, Government printing office, 1900. 15 pp. 23 cm.- 
Royal decree issued Oct. 31, 1890. 

Same. Translation of the mortgage law for Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the 

Phihppines. (1893) [By the U. S. ] War department, 1899. Washing- 
ton, Government printing office, 1899. 90 pp. 23 cm. 

A revision of the mortgage law, in its application to the islands, approved by the Com- 
mittee on codes and presented to the Cortes by the colonial minister, Antonio 
Maura y Montaner, May 26, 1893. 

Same. Translation. The law of waters in force in the island of Cuba. [By 

the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs. War department. May, 

1900. Washington, Government printing office, 1900. 53 pp. 232 cm. 
Royal decree issued Jan. 9, 1891. 

Ministerio de marina. Direccion de hidrograffa. Derrotero de las islas 

Antillas, de las costas de Tierra Firme, y de las del seno Mejicano. For- 
mado en la Direccion de trabajos hidrogrdficos para . . . uso de las cartas 
que ha publicado. 2. ed. corregida y aumentada . . . y con un apendice 
sobre las corrientes del oceano AtMntieo . . . Madrid, Imprenta real, 
1820. viii, [3], 591 pp. 8°. 

Derrotero de las islas Antillas de las costas de Tierra firme, y 

de las del seno Mexicano, corregido y aumentado y con un apendice sobre 
las corrientes del oceano AtMntico A mandado reimprimir. Por el exmo. 
Sr. D. Guadalupe Victoria . . . Mexico, 1825. viii, [9]-599 pp. 8°. 

Derrotero de las islas Antillas de las costas de Tierra Firme y 



de las del seno Megicano, corregido y aumentado y con un apendice sobre 
las corrientes del oceano Atlantico. Mandado reimprimir por F. de Paula 
Santander . . . Bogota, 1826. viii, 9-578 pp. 8°. 
Ministerio de ultramar . . . Arancel para la exaccion de entrada en las islas 
de Cuba y Puerto Rico a las mercadieras extranjeras. Repertorio para la 
aplicacion del arancel. Barcelona, A. Lopez Robert, impresor, 1892. xv, 
95 pp. 16x23 J cm. (El Economista espafiol. Suplemento al num. 16) 



384 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Spain. Ministerio de ultramar . . . Cuba desde 1850 & 1873. Coleccion de 
informes, memorias, proyectos y antecedentes sobre el gobierno de la isla 
de Cuba, relatives al citado periodo, que ha reunido por comision del 
gobierno D. Cdrlos de Sedano y Cruzat, ex-diputado -i Cortes. Madrid, 
Imprenta nacional, 1873. 801, (3), 152, iv pp. f°. 

Cuba unter spanischer Eegierung. "Landesgesetze und statistische 

Daten der Insel. Vom koniglichen colonial Bureau in Madrid nach offi- 
ziellen Quellen zusammengestellt und herausgegeben. Autorisirte Ueber- 
setzung. (Vermehrt durch das Reformerganzungsgesetz von 1897, eine 
unabhangige politische original Studie und viele Randbemerkungen. 
Von Edmund Carl Preiss. New York, G. E. Stechert, 1897. 125 pp. 8°. 

Decretos estableciendo el regimen autonomico en las islas de Cuba y 

Puerto Rico. Ed. oficial. Madrid, viuda de M. Minuesa de los Rios, 
1897. 102 pp. 8°. 

Presupuestos generales de gastos e ingresos de la isla de Cuba para 

el ano economico de 1883-84. Madrid, Estab. tip. de "Elcorre," 1883. 
4°. 

Translation. Regulations for the execution of the police law of rail- 



roads of the island of Cuba. [By the U. S.] War department. Division of 
customs and insular affairs. September, 1899. Washington, Government 
printing office, 1899. 27 pp. 23 cm. 
Spanish rule in Cuba. Laws governing the island. Review published by the 
Colonial oflB(;e in Madrid, with data and statistics compiled from official 
records. (Authorized translation, with additional notes) New York, 
1896. 67, V pp. 23^ cm. 

Contents. — Laws of the Indies. — The Zanjon capitulation. — Abolition of slavery. — 
Political organization. — Electoral law. — Public meetings and associations. — The 
governor-general. — Provincial administration.— Municipal administration. — Public 
peace. — Department of justice. — Civil rights. — The law merchant. — Mortgages. — 
Registry and civil marriage. — Notaries. — Criminal law. — Public instruction. — Eco- 
nomics.— Cuba'.s public debt. — Appointments to public office.— Unification of state 
professions in the peninsula and in the colonial provinces.— Remarks. The Auton- 
omist party. — Reform law of 1895, for Cuba and Porto Rico. 

Spanish tariffs and custom-house regulations with other interesting information of 
value to Spanish and American merchants, manufacturers, shippers, and 
brokers. Translated and compiled by Manuel de Tornos. New York, 
Manuel de Tornos, publisher, 1889. 169 pp. 8°. 
Trade regulations for Cuba and Porto Rico. 

Spencer, J. W. Geographical evolution of Cuba. With illustrations in the text. 

(In Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, vol. 7, pp. 67-94. Rochester, N. Y., 
1896) 

The Yumuri valley of Cuba. A. Rock-basin. 

(In Geological Magazine, London, n. s., decade iv, v. 1, pp. 499-502) 

Standard guide to Cuba; a new and complete guide to the island of Cuba, with 
maps, illustrations, routes of travel, history, and an English-Spanish phrase 
book. New York, Foster & Reynolds; Havana, Diamond news company, 
1905. 3 p. 1., 180 pp. incl. front., illus. 2 fold, maps, facsims. 19 cm. 

Standard guide to Havana; a complete handbook for visitors, with mai^s, illus- 
trations, history, and an English-Spanish manual of conversatioji. New 
York, Foster & Reynolds; Havana, Diamond news company, 1905. 3p. 1., 
120 pp. incl. front., illus. fold. map. 19 cm. 

Steele, James W. Cuban sketches, by James W. Steele . . . New York, G. P. 
Putnam's sons, 1881. vii pp., 2 1., 220 pp. 20 cm. 

Steetz, William. Instruction nautique sur les passages u, File de Cuba et au golfe 
du Mexique, par le canal de la Providence et le grand banc de Bahama. 
Paris, B6chet, 1825. 64 pp., 2 maps. 8°. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. ^ 385 

Stephens, C[haeles] A[sbury] 1845- The Knockabout club in the tropics. The 
adventures of a party of j'oung men in New Mexico, Mexico, and Central 
America. By C. A. Stephens . . . Boston, Estes and Lauriat, 1884 [1883] 
240 pp. incl. front., illus., plates, ports. 21 J cm. (The Knockabout club 
series) 

SuAEEZ, Jose Ildefonso. Breve memoria escrita por el oidor houorario de la audien- 
cia de Cuba, Don Jose Ildefonso Su^rez, para satisfacer a la nacion y su 
gobierno supremo de las calumniosas acusaciones que le han hecho algunos 
enemigos. [Paris, Impr. de Everat, 1839] 35 pp. 19^ cm. 

Don Jose Ildefonso Suarez, oidor honorario de la audiencia de Puerto Principe, 

presenta al publico un nuevo y facilisimo metodo de calumniar a cualquiera 
inventado por un discipulo predilecto suyo. [Madrid, Compania de im- 
presores y libreros, 1839] 15 pp. 18^ cm. 

Memoria segunda escrita por el oidor honorario Don Jose Ildefonso Suarez, 

para continuar deshaciendo calumnias y descubriendo el caracter de sus 
enemigos. [Madrid, Compafiia de impresores y libreros, 1839] 15 pp. 
19J cm. 

Memoria tercera del oidor honorario Don Jos6 Ildefonso Sudrez, acerca de 

la comision militar de la isla de Cuba. Justas y respetuosas considera- 
ciones acerca del real decreto de 20 de junio, publicado en la Gaceta de 30 
de Julio ultimo. Madrid, Compania general de impresores y libreros del 
reino, 1839. 24 pp. 19J cm. 
SuRTEES, W[illiam] E[dward] Recollections of North America, in 1849-50-51. 
By W. E. Surtees, d. c. l. [London? Chapman and Hall? 1852?] 2 pts. 
in 1 v. 2I2 cm. 
Half-title. 
Also published in New monthlj^ magazine, vol. xciv. 

Tacon y fi'. Cirilo en la isla de Cuba. [Barcelona, Bosch, 1839] 12 pp. 12°. 

Tacon, Miguel. Relacion del gobierno superior y capitanfa general de la isla de 
Cuba, estendida por el teniente general Don Miguel Tacon, marques de la 
Union de Cuba, al hacer la entrega de dichos mandos a su sucesor el escmo, 
Seiior Don Joaquin de Ezpeleta. Habana, Impr. del gobierno y capitanfa 
general, 1838. 29, [1], 10 pp. 25 cm. 

— ■■ Relacion del gobierno superior y capitanfa general de la isla de Cuba, esten- 
dida por el teniente general D. Miguel Tacon, marques de la Union de 
Cuba, al hacer la entrega de dichos mandos a su sucesor el escmo. Seiior 
Don Joaquin de Ezpeleta. 3. ed. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y 
capitanfa general. Reimpresa en Madrid, J. Palacios, 1838. 26, 10 pp. 
19J cm. 

Relacion del gobierno superior y capitanfa general de la isla de Cuba, esten- 

dida por el teniente general Don Miguel Tacon, marques de la Union de 
Cuba, al hacer la entrega de dichos mandos A su sucesor el escmo. Senor 
D. Joaquin de Ezpeleta. 3. ed. Habana, Impr. del gobierno y capitanfa 
general, 1838. 26, 9 pp. 26 cm. 

Tacon [y Rosique], Miguel, marques de la Union de Cuba, 1777-1854. Relacion 
del gobierno superior y capitanfa general de la isla de Cuba, estendida por 
el teniente general Don Miguel Tacon, marques de la Union de Cuba, al 
hacer la entrega de dichos mandos a su sucesor el exmo. Seiior D. Joaquin 
de Ezpeleta. Megico, Reimpresa por M. Arevalo, 1838. 99 pp. 15 cm. 

Tagle, Aerate, J[ose] Miguel, 1846-1897. Cuba i los principios sobre la belije- 
rancia, por J. Miguel Tagle Arrate. (2. ed., cor.) Santiago de Chile, 
Impr., litograffa y encuadernacion de " La Democracia, " 1896. 119 pp., 
1 1. incl. port. 4 port. 23^ cm. 

159a— 05 25 



386 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Tapaboca; 6 sea Contestacion documentada al insulso y desalinado foUeto que, con 
el nombre impropio de memoria, ha publicado en Paris el reo profugo 
D. Jose Ildefonso Suarez (alias) el Mulon, ex-asesor general primero 
interino del gobierno de la Habana y de su comision militar ejecutiva 
permanente . . . Matanzas, Impr. de J. Miguel de Oro, 1839. 97 pp. 
19J cm. 

A refutation of "Breve memoria escrita per el oidor lionorario de la audieneia de 
Cuba, D. Jose Ildefonso Sudrez, para satisfacer A la nacion y & su gobierno supremo 
de las calumniosas acusaeiones que le han hecho algunos enemigos." [Paris, 1838] 

Tapia y Rivera (Alejandro) Camoens; drama original en cuatro actos. Madrid, 
T. Fortanet, 1868. 74 pp., 11. 8°. 

La cuaterona; drama original en tres actos. Madrid, T. Fortanet, 1867. 

72 pp. 12°. 
Taylor, John Glanville. The United States and Cuba: eight years of change and 

travel. By John Glanville Taylor. London, R. Bentley, 1851. xii, 328 

pp. 12°. 
Thomas, J. J. Froudacity : West Indian fables by James Anthony Froude, explained 

by J. J. Thomas . . . London, T. F. Unwin, 1889. 261 pp. 12°. 
Thrasher, John S. A preliminary essay on the purchase of Cuba. New York, 

Derby & Jackson, 1859. 95 pp. 12°. 

A preliminary essay on the purchase of Cuba. By John S. Thrasher. 

New York, Derby & Jackson, 1859. 95 pp. 12°. 

ToLON, Miguel. Los preludios. Rimas. [Matanzas, 1841] 59 pp. 8°. 

ToRNOs, Manuel de. Spanish tariffs and custom house regulations, with other inter- 
esting information of value to Spanish and American merchants, manu- 
facturers, shippers, and brokers. Translated and compiled by Manuel de 
Tornos. Manuel de Tornos, publisher, New York, 1889. (2), 169 pp. 8°. 
Contains " Customs tariffs of Cuba and Porto Rico." 

ToKRE, JosE Makia DE LA. Compendio de geografia, ffsica politica, estadistica y 
comparada de la Isla de Cuba, por Don Jose Maria de la Torre . . . 
Habana, Impr. de M. Soler, 1854. xi, [3], 128 pp. 8°. 

Lo que fuimos y lo que somos; 6, La Habana antigua y moderna. Por D. 

Jose Maria de la Torre . . . Habana, Imj^r. de Spencer y compania, 1857. 
4 pp., 1 1., [5]-184 pp. fold. map. 21 cm. 

Nuevos elementos de geografia e historia de la isla de Cuba, jjara el uso de 

los ninos, por Don Jose Maria de la Torre . . . Contienen la reciente 
division territorial y el censo oficial de 1862 ... 42. ed. Habana, Sans, 
Imprenta y libreria de A. Pego, 1868. 93, [1] p. 18 cm. 

Nuevos elementos de geografia e historia de la isla de Cuba, para uso de los 

ninos. Contiene la reciente division territorial y el ultimo censo oficial: 
^ y estdn ajustados al explendido mapa de la isla del autor. 46. ed., rev. 

Habana, A. Pego, 1873. iii, [4], 260 pp. 16 J cm. 

Lo que fuimos y lo que somos: 6, La Habana antigua y moderna. Habana, 

Spencer & CO., 1857. 180 pp. map. 8°. 
ToRRENTE, Mariano. Bosquejo economico politico de la isla de Cuba, comprensivo 
de varios proyectos de prudentes y saludabl.es mejoras que pueden intro- 
ducirse en su gobierno y administracion. Madrid. Impr. de Manuel 
Pita, 1852-53. 2 vols, portrait. 8°. 

Imprint of vol. 2: Habana, Imprenta de Bareina, 1853. 

Slavery in the island of Cuba, with remarks on the statements of the British 

press relative to the slave trade. London, 1853. 107, (1), 32 pp. 8°. 
The Spanish text and the English translation are printed on opposite pages. The last 
32 pages consist of u translation of a pamphlet jiublished at Madrid in 1841, entitled 
"Cuestion sobre la esclavitud en la isla de Cuba." 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 387 

TowNSHEND, Feederic Trench. Wild life in Florida, with a visit to Cuba. London, 
Hurst & Blackett, 1875. xiv, 319 pp. woodcut, map. 8°. 
Pages 168-217 describe Cuba. 

Tkelles [y Govin], Carlos M[anuel] 1866- . . . Bibliograf la de la segundaguerra 
de independencia cubana y de la hispano-yankee. Publicada en la 
re vista ilustrada ' ' Cuba y America. ' ' Habana, 1902. cover-title, 49 pp. 
24 cm. 

Tkollope, Anthony. The West Indies and the Spanish Main. Second edition. 
London, Chapman & Hall, 1860. iv, 395 pp. map. 8°. 
Pages 131-155 give an account of a visit to Cuba. 

Tucker, George F. The Monroe doctrine. Boston, 1885. 138 pp. 8°. 

Cuba, pp. 77-91. 
Tudor, Henry. Narrative of a tour in North America; . . . with av excursion to 
the island of Cuba. In a series of letters, written in the years 1831-1832. 
In two volumes. London, 1834. 12°. 
"Vol. 2, pp. 97-138 describe a visit to Cuba. 

TuppER, H[enry] Allen, jr. Columbia's war for Cuba; a story of the early strug- 
gles of the Cuban patriots, and of all the important events leading up to 
the present war between the United States and Spain for Cuba libre . . . 
New York, P. B. Bromfield & co. [1898] 256 pp. front., illus., pi., port. 
24 cm. 

"An American woman in Cuba. By Francis Linton," pp. 245-256. 

TuRNBULL, David. Travels in the west. Cuba; with notices of Porto Rico, and the 
slave trade. London, Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 
1840. (2), xvi, 574 pp. map. 8°. 

[Tyng, C. D.] The stranger in the tropics: being a hand-book for Havana and guide 
book for travellers in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and St. Thomas. With descrip- 
. tions of the principal objects of interest, suggestions to invalids (by a 
physician) Hints for tours and general directions for travellers. Hand- 
book edition with map and traveller's diary. New York, American news 
CO.,. 1868. 194 pp., 1 1. front., 3 pi., fold. map. 19 cm. 
Published anonymously. 

Underhill, Edward Bean. The West Indies: their social and religious condition. 
London, Jackson, Walford, and Hodder, 1862. x, 493 pp. 12°. 
Cuba and the Bahamas, pp. 461-493. 

United States. Adjutant-general's office. Statistical exhibit of strength of volun- 
teer forces called into service during the war with Spain; with losses from all 
causes. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 25 pp. 29| cm. 

Military information division. Military notes on Cuba . . . [Wash- 
ington, Government printing office, 1898] 184 pp. 4 fold, maps, 16 fold, 
plans. 19J cm. 

Bureau of education. Chapter from the report of the Commissioner of 

education for 1899-1900. Chapter XXIX. Education in the Philippines, 
Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and Samoa. Washington, Government print- 
ing office, 1900. 1595-1659. 8°. 

Advance sheets from the Commissioner's report. 

Bureau of insular affairs. . . . The establishment of free government in 

Cuba. Compiled in the Bureau of insular affairs from the records of the 
War department. Washington, Government printing office, 1904. 32 pp. 
23 cm. (58th Cong., 2d sess. Senate. Doc. no. 312) 

Presented by Mr. Piatt of Connecticut, and ordered printed April 27, 1904. 



388 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

United States. Bureau of statistics. (1898) Foreign commerce of Spain, and com- 
merce of the United States with Spain and dependencies: also, receipts and 
expenditures; and condition of the bank of Spain. [Washington, 1898] 
4°. pp. iv, (32). 

From Summary of finance and commerce, for March, 1898. 

(Treasury department) Foreign commerce of — Cuba, Porto Rico, 

Hawaii, the Philippines, and Samoan Islands. Their imports and exports 
by countries; also the commerce of the United States therewith . . . 
[Washington, 1899] iii, 1915-2014 pp. 29 cm. 

From the Summary of commerce and finance for February, 1899. 

Commissioners to investigate affairs in the Philippine Islands. Preliminary 

statement. Washington, 1899. 8°. pp. 21. (56th Cong., 1st sess. 
House doc. no. 1, pt. 3) 2 cop. 

Cuba and Porto Rico special commissioner. Report on the commercial and 

industrial condition of Cuba, by R. P. Porter . . . Special report. The 
currency of the island of Cuba . . . Washington, Government printing 
office, 1898. 12, [1] pp. 8°. 

Report on the commercial and industrial condition of Cuba, by 

R. P. Porter . . . Special- reports on the revenue and customs tariff . . . 
taxation . . . and testimony ... in relation to the needs of Cuban 
planters . . . Washington, Government printing office, 1898. 81pp. 8°. 

Report on the commercial and industrial condition of the island of 



Cuba; by R. P. Porter. Special report. The fiscal and economic condi- 
tion of the island of Jamaica . . . Washington, Government printing 
office, 1899: 11 pp. 8°. (Treasury dept. Doc. no. 2085) 

Report on the commercial and industrial condition of Cuba, by R. 

P. Porter . . . Special report. Statistics of the imports into the island 
of Cuba for 1895 . . . Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 
90 pp. 8°. (U.S. Treasury dept. Div. of customs. Doc. no. 2081) 

Report on the currency question of Porto Rico. By R. P. Porter 

. . . Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 18, [1] pp. 8°. 
(U. S. Treasury dept. Div. of customs. Doc. no. 2082) 

Department of agriculture. Section of foreign markets. Circular no. 16. 
Our trade with Cuba from 1887 to 1897. [Washington, 1897] 30 pp. 8°. 
No title-page. 

Department of state. Consular correspondence respecting the condition of 
the reconcentrados in Cuba, the state of the war in that island, and the 
prospects of the projected autonomy. Message from the President of the 
United States ... in response to the resolution of the Senate, dated Feb- 
ruary 14, 1898, calling for information . . . April 11, 1898. — Read, 
referred to the Committee on foreign relations, and ordered to be printed. 
Washington, Government printing office, 1898. v, 91 pp. 23 cm. (55th 
Cong., 2d sess. Senate. Doc. no. 230. ) 

Includes report from John A. Kasson, special commissioner plenipotentiary. 

Correspondence between the Department of state and the United 

States minister at Madrid, and the consular representatives of the United 
States in the island of Cuba, and other papers relating to Cuban affairs, 
transmitted to the House of representatives in obedience to a resolution. 
Washington, Government printing office, 1870. 1 p. 1., 193 pp. 22 cm. 

At head of p. [1]: "41st Congress, 2d session. House of Representatives. Ex. doe. 
no. 160. Struggle for independence in the island of Cuba." 

. . . Correspondence between the United States government and 



Spain in ivlation to the island of Cuba. Message from the President of 
the United States, transmitting in response to resolution of the House of 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 389 

representatives of the 17th instant, a report from the secretary of state, 
with accompanying documents. January 21, 1876. — Referred to the Com- 
mittee on foreign affairs and ordered to be printed. [Washington, Gov- 
ernment printing office, 1876] 81 pp. 22 cm. (44th Cong., 1st sess. 
House. Ex. doc. no. 90. ) 
United States. . . . Message from the President of the United States, in answer to 
a resolution of the Senate calling for information relative to a proposed 
tripartite convention on the subject of Cuba. [Washington, 1853] 23 pp. 
24Jcm. (32d Cong., 2d sess. 1852-53. Senate. Ex. doc. no. 13.) 

Caption title. 

Report of the secretary of state, submitting a copy of the diplomatic correspondence 
with France and England. 

. . . Message from the President of the United States, communicat- 
ing, in answer to a Senate resolution of April 29, 1878, information respect- 
ing the terms and conditions under which the surrender of the Cuban 
insurgents has been made, and in relation to the future policy of Spain in 
the government 6i the island of Cuba. [Washington, Government print- 
ing office, 1878] 22 pp. 22 cm. (45th Cong. , 2d sess. Senate. Ex. doc. 
no. 79. ) 

Running title: Government of the island of Cuba. 

Library of Congress. List of books relating to Cuba, including references 

to collected works and periodicals, by A. P. C. Griffin, with a bibliog- 
raphy of maps by P. Lee Phillips. Washington, Government printing 
office, 1898. 61 pp. 8°. (U. S. 55th Cong., 2d sess. 1897-98. Senate. 
Doc. no. 161) 

Same. 2d edition, corrected. Washington, Government printing 

office, 1898. 61 pp. 8°. 

Navy department. Office of naval intelligence. Information from abroad. 

■ Cevera (Pascual). Views of Admiral Cevera regarding the Spanish navy 
in the late war. November, 1898. Washington, Government printing 
office, 1898. 24 pp. 8°. 

W^ar notes, no. viii. Coucas y Palace, Victor. The 



squadron of Admiral Cevera. Translated from the Spanish. Washing- 
ton, Government printing office, 1900. 117 pp. 8°. 

War notes, no. iir. J(acobsen), commander. Sketches 



from the Spanish-American war. Translated from the German. Wash- 
ington, Government printing office, 1899. 38 pp. 8°. 

— — War notes, no. iv. J(acobsen), commander. Sketches 

from the Spanish-American war. Translated from the German. Wash- 
ington, Government printing office, 1899. 28 pp. 8°. 
Postal committee on the condition and needs of the postal service in Cuba. 
'Report . . . Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 30 pp. 8°. 
Report made to the postmaster-general, signed by August W. Machen, chairman, and 
others. 

President. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting 
the report of the naval court of inquiry upon the destruction of the United 
States battle ship Maine, in Havana harbor, Feb. 15, 1898, together with 
the testimony taken before the court. AVashington, 1898. 8°. Plates 
and plans. (55th Cong., 2d sess. Senate. Doc. no. 207.) 

Treasury department. Report on the commercial and industrial condition 
of the island of Cuba, by Robert P. Porter. Washington, Government 
printing office, 1898. 54 pp. 8°. 



390 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

United States. Treasury Department. Bureau of statistics. Customs tariff and 
regulations for ports in Cuba in possession of the United States. 

(In Monthly summary of commerce and finance, no. 1, series 1898-99, pp. 333-365. 
Washington, 1898. 4°.) 

Amended customs tariff and regulations for ports in Cuba 

in possession of the United States. Washington, Government printing 
office, 1898. 108 pp. 8°. 

War department. Five years of the War department following the war 

with Spain, 1899-1903, as shown in the Annual reports of the secretary of 
war. [Washington, Government printing office, 1904] 526 pp. fold. map. 
26 cm. 

"An authentic account of the principal events, and the action and policy of the United 
States during — The military government of Porto Rico. The development and 
establishment of the Republic of Cuba. The China relief expedition of 1900. The 
suppression of the insurrection and the building up of civil government in the Phil- 
ippines. The reorganization of the army. The beginning of the new militia sys- 
tem." 

. . . Seizure of certain vessels and occupation and use of wharves. 



etc. , at Santiago de Cuba. Letter from the acting secretary of war, transmit- 
ting to the Senate, in response to a resolution of the Senate of March 26, 
1902, correspondence relating to the seizure of certain vessels and the 
occupation and use of wharves and warehouses at Santiago de Cuba. 
April 24, 1902. — Referred to the Committee on foreign relations and 
ordered to be printed. Washington, Government printing office, 1902. 
95 pp. 23 cm. (57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate. Doc. no. 318. ) 

Translation of the general instructions for drafting public documents 

subject to record in the Spanish colonial provinces. (1893.) Wash., 
Government Printing Office, 1899. 19 pp. 8°. 

Adjutant-General's Office, No. 21. Military notes on Cuba. [Revised 

edition] Washington, Government Printing Office, 1898, viii, (2), 507 
pp. 8°. 

Contents. — Cuba in general; City of Habana; Defenses of Habana; Environs of Habana; 
Province of Pinar del Rio; Province of Habana; Province of Matanzas; Province of 
Santa Clara; Province of Puerto Principe; Province of Santiago de Cuba. 

Military information division. Military notes on Cuba. 

[Washington, Government Printing Office, 1898] 184 pp. folded maps. 
12°. 

Contents. — Fortifications of Havana; Itineraries of roads; Notes on localities; Notes on 
Cuban railroads; The environs of Havana. 

Cuban census. Report on the census of Cuba, 1899. Lt. Col. J. P. 

Sanger, director. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1900. 786 
pp. plates, tables, charts, maps. 8°. 

Contents. — Geograph y, pp. 17-23; History, pp. 24-43; Government, pp. 43-61; Tables of 
population, pp. 61-522; Agriculture, pp. 523-566; Education, pp. 565-620. 

Department of Havana. Annual report for the fiscal year ended 

June 30, 1899, from Dec. 22, 1898. William Ludlow, brigadier-general 
U. S. v., commanding Department of Havana and military governor of 
the city of Havana, Cuba. [Havana] 1899. 282 pp. 35 pi., 5 maps, 4 
tab. 25 cm. 

Issued also in "Annual reports of the War department," 1898/99, v. 1, pt. 3. 
Another report covering period to May 1, 1900, is contained in "Annual reports of the 
War department," 1899/1900, v. 1, pt. 4. 

Remarks on the industrial, economic and social conditions 



existing in the Department of Havana. Made pursuant to instructions of 
August 18, 1899, from the division commander. William Ludlow, mili- 
tary governor of the city of Havana . . . Havana, 1899. 19 pp. 24^ cm. 
"Municipal government of Guanabacoa" : pp. 13-19. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 391 

United States. War Department. Department of Matanzas and Santa Clara. 
Annual report of Brigadier-General Jamea H. Wilson, U. S. Vols., com- 
manding the department of Matanzas and Santa Clara, July, 1900. 
217 pp. folded plans. 8°. 

Department of Puerto Principe. Proclamation [by] Louis H. Car- 
penter. Puerto Principe, Nov. 24th, 1898 . . . Proclama [por] Louis H. 
Carpenter. Puerto Principe, nbre. 24, 1898. Puerto Principe, Tip. Las 
Dos repiiblicas, 1898. broadside, 38 x 28 cm. 

Department of Santiago and Puerto Principe. Annual report of Col- 
onel Samuel M. Whitside . . . commanding Department of Santiago and 
Puerto Principe. 1900. Santiago, 1900. 1 p. 1., 195 pp. front, (map) 
pis. 20 cm. 

Special report on insular affairs of the provinces of Santiago 



and Puerto Principe, Cuba . . . March 25, 1899. Submitted by Brigadier- 
General Leonard Wood, U. S. V. . . .. War department. Division of 
customs and insular affairs, October 5, 1899. Washington, Government 
printing ofBce, 1899. 49 pp. 23 cm. 

Includes Report of the Board appointed by General orders no. 2, headquarters Depart- 
ment of Santiago de Cuba, Civil department, January 4, 1899, for the purpose of 
formulating- a scheme for public education in this province. 

Customs tariff and regulations for ports in Cuba in possession of the 

United States. Washington, Governmentprintingoflfice, 1898. 627 pp. 8°. 

Division of customs and insular affairs. Immigration regulations for 

the island of Cuba. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 9 
pp. 8°. 

Translation of the municipal and provincial laws in force in the 



island of Cuba. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 71 pp. 
8°. 
Division of Insular Affairs. The Isle of Pines (Caribbean sea): its sit- 



uation, physical features, inhabitants, resources, and industries. With 
maps. Washington, Government printing office, 1902. 43 pp. maps. 8°. 
Translation of the law of criminal procedure for Cuba and Porto 



Eico ( with Spanish text ) , with annotations, explanator}' notes and amend- 
ments made since the American occupation. War department. Division 
of insular affairs, October, 1901. Washington, Government printing 
office, 1901. iii, [725], 359-393 pp. 24 J cm. 

English and Spanish on opposite pages, numbered in duplicate. 

Translated by Frank L. Joannini. 

Weather bureau. Climate of Cuba; also a note on the weather of Manila. 

By W. F. R. Phillips. Washington, Weather bureau, 1898. 23 pp. 8°. 
(Bulletin no. 22.) 

United States and Spanish Commission, 1871-1883. Synopsis of the work of the 
United States and Spanish commission, organized for the settlement of 
certain claims of citizens of the United States in Cuba against Spain under 
the agreement . . . concludedat Madrid, February 12, 1871; its additional 
article of February 23, 1881 . . . and the protocol of May 6, 1882, with 
its subsequent amendment of December 14, 1882 . . . [Washington, 
Government printing office, 1883] 10 pp. 22 cm. 
Signed by Eustace Collett, secretary of the commission. 

United States Government, The, has injured the liberty of the people of Cuba. 
The people of Cuba demand justice of the people of America. [New York, 
1849] 24, 17 pp. folded map. 8°. 

Consists of extracts from " La Verdad," treating " of the advantages which the annexa- 
tion of Cuba offers to Americans, and in particular to the people of the United 
States." 



392 HANDBOOK OF OLTBA. 

[Urquia y Redecilla, Juan de] La guerra hispano-americana; historia negra; re- 
late de los escdndalos ocurridos ennuestras ex-colonias durante las ultimas 
guerras; por el capitdn Verdades, con un prologo de Adolfo Suurez de 
Figueroa. Barcelona, Casa editorial Maucci, [etc., etc.] 1899. xvi, 17- 
255 pp. 12°. 
Urrutia y Montoya, Ignacio Jose de. Teatro historico, jun'dico y politico militar 
de la isla Fernandina de Cuba y principalmente de su capital la Habana 
. . . Por el dr. D. Ignacio Jose de Urrutia y Montoya. Obra inedita 
escrita en 1791. 

{In Cowley, Rafael, ed. Los tres primeros hLstoriadores de la isla de Cuba. Habana, 

1876-77. 25icm. t. 2, pp. 1-476) 
In six books, including the period from the discovery to 1555. 
Running title: Teatro Cubano. 
Probably never completed. 

v., J. Contestacion dada en la Habana al papel publicado en esta corte por D. J. M. C. 
sobre negocios de la isla de Cuba; con unas ligeras observaciones sobre el 
decreto de 28 de diciembre ultimo. Publicadas en honor de la verdad y 
de la justicia. [Por] J. V. Madrid, Impr. de L. Amarita, 1839. 1 p. 1., 
35 p. 19J cm. 
Valdes, Antonio Jose. Historia de la isla de Cuba y en especial de la Habana. 
Por D. Antonio Jos6 Valdes . . . Impresa en 1813. 

{In Cowley, Rafael, ed. Los tres primeros historiadores de la isla de Cuba. Habana, 

1876-77. 2oi cm. t 3, pp. 1-502. ) 
Pages 503-564 contain " Historia de Puerto Principe," by TomAs Pio Betancourt; pp. 
565-630, Historia de Sancti Spiritus, by Tadeo M. Moles; pp. 631-671, Apendice: " Pa- 
roquias existentes en las diocesis de la Hai)ana y Santiag<i de Cuba." 

Valdes Dominguez, Fermin. El 27 de noviembre de 1871. 2. ed. Habana, Impr. 
"La Correspoiideiicia de Cuba," 1887. 270 pp., 1 1. front., port. 8°. 
Added t. -p.,engr. 
1st ed., 1873, has title: Los voluntaries de la Habana . .' . 

Los voluntaries de la Habana en el acontecimiento de los eatudiantes de 

medecina, por uno de ellos condenado a seis anos de presidio. Madrid, 
Impr. de S. Martinez, 1873. 148 pp., 1 1. pi., port. 8°. 

( With Betancourt, Jose R. Las dos banderas. Sevilla, 1870.) 

Later ed. published under title: El 27 de noviembre de 1871. 

Valdes, Ramon Francisco. Compendio de^la historia antigua de la isla de Cuba, 

dispuesto en forma de dialogo para uso de las escuelas, por el dr. D. 

Ramon Francisco Valdes . . . [pte. 1] Habana, Impr. "LaAntilla," 

1864 V. 21 cm. 
Valiente, Porfirio. Reformes dans les iles de Cuba et de Porto-Rico. Avec une 

preface par Edouard Laboulaye. Paris, A. Chaixetcie., 1869. (4), xx, 

412 pp. 8°. 
Valois, Alfred de. Mexique, Havane et Guatemala; notes de voyage par Alfred 

de Valois. Paris, E. Dentu [1861] 2 p. 1., 446 pp. 18 cm. 
Varela y Morales, 1^'elix. Carta sobre las cuestiones filosoficas de Jose de la Luz y 

Francisc:) Ruiz. Habana, 1862. pp. 93-110. 
{In Me.'itre, Josi- Manuel. De la filosofia en la Habana) 

Varona y Pera, Enrique Jose. Cuba centre Espagne, par Eurique-Jos6 Varona . . . 
Traduit pour la Republique cubaine et public par le Comity r^volution- 
naire cubain de Paris. Troyes, G. Arbouin, 1896. 2 p. 1., iii, 52 pp. 15^ 
cm. 

Cuba contra Espana, por Enrique Jos6 Varona . . . New York, S. Figueroa, 

1895. cover-title, 35 pp. 17^ cm. 
Vaughan, T. Wayland, and Arthur C. Spencer. The geography of Cuba. 

{In American geographical society. Bulletin, vol. 34, Apr., 1902. pp. 105-116) 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 393 

Verbrugghe, Louis. Promenades et chasses dans I'Amerique du Nord, par Louis & 

Georges Verbrugghe. Paris, 0. L^vy, 1879. 3 p. 1., 351 pp. 18 cm. 
[Vernon, Edward] Original papers relating to the expedition to the island of Cuba. 

London, Printed for M. Cooper, 1744. 219 pp. 8°. 
Villa de Moron, Cuba. La Candelaria. Estatutos y reglamento de la Sociedad bene- 

ficia de instruccion y socorrros mutuos ntra. sra. de "La Candelaria" 

Villa de Moron, 1885. (2), 28, (3) pp. sm. 4°. 
ViNDicAcioN. Cuestion de Cuba, por un espanol cubano. Madrid, Nicanor Perez 

Zulvaga, 1871. 85 pp. 8°. 

Bound with [Betancourt, J. R.] "Las dos banderas." 

ViSes, Benito. Apuntes relatives a los huracanes de las Antillas en septiembre y 
octubre de 1875 y 76. Discurso leido en la Real Academia de Ciencias 
medicas, fisicas y naturales de la Habana. Habana, Tip. "El Iris," 1877. 
256+ (2) pp., plan. 8°. 

Investigaciones relativas -A la circulacion ciclonica en los huracanes de las 

Antillas. Habana, 1895. 79 pp. 8°. 

VivES, Francisco Dionisio. Relacion historica de los beneficios hechos d la Eeal 
Sociedad econofaica, casa de beneficencia y demds dependencias de aquel 
cuerpo. Habana, 1832. (4), 36, (1) pp. f°. 

Vivian, Thomas J [ondrie] and Smith, Ruel P. Everything about our new posses- 
sions. Being a handy book on Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philip- 
pines. New York, R. F. Fenno & co., 1899. 182 pp. 12°. 

Wade, Mrs. Mary Hazelton ( Blanchard ) , 1860- Our little Cuban cousin, by Mary 
Hazelton Wade; illustrated by L. J. Bridgman. Boston, L. C. Page & com- 
pany, 1902. vii pp., 2 1., 9-106 pp. front., pi. 20cm. (The little cousin 
series) 

Wallace, Caroline L. Santiago de Cuba before the war; or, Recuerdos de Santiago. 
London and New York, F. T. Neely [1899] 1 p. I., 95 pp. 12°. (Neely's 
booklet library, no. 4) 

Walton, Clifford Stevens. The civil law in Spain and Spanish-America, including 
Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Philippine islands, and the Spanish civil code in 
force, annotated and with references to the civil code of Mexico, Central 
and South America . . . Washington, D. C, W. H. Lowdermilk & co., 
1900. xix, 672 pp. 8°. 

White, Trumbull, 1868- Our new possessions ... A graphic account, descriptive 
and historical, of the tropic islands of the sea which have fallen under 
our sway. Book i. The Philippine Islands. Book ii. Puerto Rico. 
Book III. Cuba. Book iv. The Hawaiian Islands ... By Trumbull 
White... Chicago, The Henry publishing CO., 1901. 23 pp., 11., 33-676 
pp. incl. plates, maps, front., plates, map. 24J cm. 

Our war with Spain for Cuba's freedom . . . Including a description and 

history of Cuba, Spain, Philippine Islands, our army and navy . . . and 
ourrelations with other nations, etc., etc. . . . Chicago and Philadelphia, 
Monarch book co. [1898] 416 pp. pi., port., map. 8°. 

Wilcox, Marrion. A short history of the war with Spain. New York, F. A. 
Stokes CO. [1898] 1 p. 1., vi., 350 pp. 12°. 

Willis, Nathaniel Parker. Health trip to the Tropics. New York, 1853. 421, 
(1), xxiii pp. 12°. 

Pages 278-293 contain an account of visit to Habana. 

Wilson, James H. Trade with the Tropics. An address . . . before the American 
Free Trade League Nov. 9, 1901. [Boston, American free trade league, 
1901] 23 pp. 8°. 



394 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Wilson, Thomas William. An authentic narrative of the piratical descents upon 
Cuba made by hordes from the United States, headed by Narciso Lopez, 
a native of South America; to w^hich are added some interesting letters 
and declarations from the prisoners, with a list of their names, etc. 
Havana, September, 1851. 44 pp. 8°. 

The island of Cuba in 1850; being a description 6i the island, its resources, 

productions, commerce, etc., by Thomas W. Wilson. New Orleans, 
Printing office of "La Patria," 1850. 20 pp. 8°. 

A WINTER in the' West Indies and Florida; containing general observations upon 
modes of traveling, manners and customs, climates and productions, with 
a particular description of St. Croix, Trinidad de Cuba, Havana, Key 
West, and St. Augustine, as places of resort for northern invalids. By an 
invalid. New- York, Wiley and Putnam, 1839. xi, [13]-199 pp. 16°. 

[Woodruff, Julia Louisa Matilda] My winter in Cuba. By W. M. L. Jay 
[pseud.] . . . New York, E. P. Dutton & co. ; Hartford, Church press, 
1871. vi, [7]-296 pp. 12°. 

Wright, Benjamin H[all] Informe sobre el camino de hierro de Puerto Principe 
A Nuevitas. Puerto Principe, Impr. de Gobierno y Real hacienda, 1837. 
12 pp. 12°. 

[Wurdiman, F.] Notes on Cuba, eontaining an account of its discovery and early 
history; a description of the face of the country, its population, resources, 
and wealth; its institutions, and the manners and customs of its inhabi- 
tants. With directions to travelers . . . By a physician . . . Boston, 
J. Munroeand co., 1844. x, 359, [1] pp. 12°. 

The "notes" appeared first (in slightly different form) in "The Magnolia or Southern 
Apalachian," Charleston, U. S., vol. 2, no. 6, June 1843, p. 368. 

Z., A. Esposicion sobre las analogias i diferencias que se versan entre el contrato de 
letras de cambio i las libranzas, vales 6 pagares d la orden, que proceden 
de operaciones mercantiles. Formada por A. Z. Habana, Imprenta de 
R. Oliva, 1838. 14 pp. 12°. 

Zambrana, Antonio. La republica de Cuba. N. Ponce de Leon, New York, [1873?]. 
iv, 119 pp. 16°. 

Introduction by E. Piiieyro dated 1873. 

Zambrana, Ram6n. Elogio del Senor Don Alejandro Ramirez, intendente de la 
Habana, leido A la Rl. sociedad econumica ... 13 de diciembre de 1855. 
Habana, Imp. del Tiempo, 1856. 14 pp. 8°. 

Zaragoza, Justo. Las insurrecciones en Cuba. Apuntes para la historia politica de 
esta isla en el presente siglo, por D. Justo Zaragoza . . . Madrid, Impr. 
de M. G. Hernandez, 1872-73. 2 v. 23J cm. 

Zayas [y Jimenez], Francisco. Politica agricola de la republica. Nuevo m^todo 
de siembras y cultivo de la cafia de azucar, por el Dr. Francisco Zayas, 
socio de merito y presidente de honor de la Liga agraria de la republica de 
Cuba. Habana, Impr. "La Prueba," 1904. 91pp. plates, port. 27^ cm. 

Zequeira-y Arango, Manuel de. El triunfo de la lyra. Poema. Havana: en la 
imprenta de la capitania general, 1805. 36 pp. 8°. 

Ziegler, Alexa-nder. Skizzen einer reise durch Nordamerika und Westindien, mit 
besonderer berucksichtigung des deutschen elements ... in dem neuen 
staate Wisconsin, von Alexander Ziegler . . . Dresden und Leipzig, 
Arnold, 1848. 2 v. in 1. 18^ c:m. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 395 

WAR IN CUBA, 1898. 

Abbot, Willis John, 1863- Blue jackets of '98; a history of the Spanish-American 

war. New York, Dodcl, Mead & co., 1899. x, 367 pp. pi. 8°. 
Alger, R[ussbll] A[LEXANr)ER] The Spanish- American war, by R. A. Alger . . . 
New York and London, Harper & bros., 1901. vi, [1] p., 3 1., 465, [1] pp. 
front, (port.) maps. 23cm. - 

Amador y Carrandi, Ernesto. La guerra hispano-americana ante el derecho inter- 
nacional; con un prologo de D. Isern. Madrid, Impr. de la viuda de 
M. Minuesa de los Rios, 1900. xv, 218 pp. 8°. 
America's war for humanity related in story and picture, embracing a complete his- 
tory of Cuba's struggle for liberty, and the glorious heroism of America's 
soldiers and sailors. Compiled from the letters and personal experience of 
noted writers and correspondents . . . Introduction by J. J. Ingalls . . . 
NewYorkandSt.Louis,N. D.Thompson pub. CO., 1898. 560pp. illus. 8°. 
American National Red Cross Relief Committee. Reports; May, 1898, March, 
1899. [New York, The Knickerbocker press, 1899] vi, 320 pp. tab. 
23J cm. 
The . American-Spanish war: a history by the war leaders . . . Norwich, Conn., 
C. C. Haskell & son, 1899. 607 pp. pi. port. 8°. 

Co?iie?i<s.— Woodford , S. L. Introduction. — Garcia, C. History of former Cuban wars. — 
Garcia, C. Cuba against Spain. 1895 to 1898. — Holman, F. \V. The destruction of the 
Maine. — Calkins, C. G. Tlie naval battle of Manila Bay. — Kelly, P. Statement of the 
sinking of the Merrimac. — Radford, C. S., and Crank, R. K. The story of the Texas. — 
Evans, B. D. The naval battle of Santiago.— Allen, W. H. The voyage of the Ore- 
gon. — Shafter, W. R. The Santiago campaign. — Whitney, H. H. Miles's campaign in 
Puerto Rico.— Taylor, H. C. The blockade of Cuba.— Cullom, S. M. The annexation 
of Hawaii.— Merritt.W. The Manila campaign.— Heath, P. S. The work of the Presi- 
dent. — Daniel, J. W. War legislation of xlie Senate.— Dingley, N. Providing the 
"sinews of war." — Long, J. D. The Navy department in the war. — Gage, L. J. Work 
, of the Treasury department. — Wood, L. U. S. military government of Santiago. — 

Palma, T. E. The work of the Cuban d(!legation. — Wilkie, J. E. The secret service 
in the war. — Draper, Mrs. Amos G. Woman's work in the war. — Howard, O. O. Army 
and navy Christian commission. — Moore, J. B. The treaty of peace. — McCarthy, J. 
What England feels. — Miles, N. A. The work of the army as a whole. — Proctor, R. 
Speech. — Messages, state papers, etc. 

[Anderson, Arthur C, and Briner, Charles H.] "K" company, 71st regiment, 
New York volunteers; a record of its experience and services during the 
Spanish-American war, and a memorial to its dead. [New York, C. H. 
Scott, 1900] 57 pp. front., pi. obi. 16°. 

Atkins, John Black. The war in Cuba; the experiences of an Englishman with 
the United States army, by John Black Atkins . . . London, Smith, 
Elder & co., 1899. x, 291 pp. front., fold. maps. 19 J cm. 

Austin, Oscar Phelps. . . . Uncle Sam's soldiers; a story of the war with Spain, 
by Oscar Phelps Austin . . . New York, D. Appleton and company, 
1899. xxiii, 346 pp. front., illus. 18J cm. (Added t. -p.: Appleton's 
home reading books. Division 3. Social science) 
Series title also at head of t.-p. 

[Bartholomew, Fred R.] Cartoons of the Spanish- American war, by Bart \_pseud.'\ 
with dates of important events; from the Minneapolis Journal, January, 
1899. Minneapolis, The Journal printing co., 1899 [160] pp. illus. 
sq. 8°. (The library of Journal extras) 

Beebe, Mabel Borton. The story of Admiral Dewey and our navy of 1898; for 
young readers. New York, Chicago [etc.] Werner school book co. [1899] 
64 pp. illus. 16°. (Baldwin's biographical booklets) 

Biederwolf, ■W[illiam] E[dward] History of the One hundred and sixty-first 
regiment Indiana volunteer infantry. LoganspOrt, Ind., Wilson, Hum- 
phreys & co. , 1899. 450 pp. illus. 8°. 



396 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

BiGELOw, John, jr. Reminiscences of the Santiago campaign. New York and 

London, Harper & bros., 1899. vi pp., 1 1., 187, [1] pp. map. 12°. 
Bolton, H [grace] W., ed. History of the Second .regiment Illinois volunteer 

infantry from organization to muster out. Chicago, R. R. Donnelley & 

sons CO. , 1899. 2 pp. 1., 444 pp. illus. port. 8°. 
BoNSAL, Stephen. The fight for Santiago; the story of the soldier in the Cuban 

campaign, from Tampa to the surrender . . . New York, Doubleday & 

McClure CO., 1899. xxviii, 543 pp. pi. maps. 8°. 
Brooks, Elbridge S[treeter] 1846-1902. The story of our war with Spain. 

Boston, Lothrop pub. co. [1899-] xi p., 11., 9-349 pp. illus. 8°. 
BuEL, J[ames] W[illiam] . . . Our late wars; Spain and our new possessions by 

J. W. Buel, and M. J. Wright. De luxe library ed. [Washington, D. C, 

American historical society, 1900] xxxi, 33-474 pp., front., pi. 8°. 

(Library of American history, v. 4) 
Buffalo express. The Buffalo illustrated express souvenir of the war with Spain; 

the complete pictorial story of naval and military operations . . . Issued 

weekly. Aug. 15-Oct. 31, 1898; v. 1, nos. 1-12. Buffalo, N. Y., The 

Express; G. E. Matthews & co., 1898. cover-title, 192 pp., illus. (incl. 

ports., maps) 29x42 cm. 
Illustrated covers. 

BuJAC, [Jean Leopold] E[mile] 1852- . . . La guerre hispano-americaine. Paris, 
H. Charles-Lavauzelle [1899] 420 pp., incl. illus., maps (3 double), plans 
(4 double) fold. map. 22 cm. ( S's Precis du quelques campagnes con- 
temporaines. iv) 

Butler, Charles Henry, 1859- The responsibility of Spain for the destruction of 
the United States battle|^ip Maine in Havana harbor, February 15, 1898, 
and the assumption by the United States, under the treaty of 1898, of 
Spain's pecuniary liability for the injuries to, and deaths of, her officers 
and crew. Argument of Charles Henry Butler, b'efore the Spanish treaty 
claims commission, December 18-21, 1901, on behalf of claimants repre- 
sented by Butler & Harwood. New York, The Evening Post job printing 
house, 1902. 1 p. 1., vi, 94 pp. 27 cm. 

[Cammann, William C, and others] eds. The history of Troop A, New York 
cavalry, U. S. V., from May 2 to November 28, 1898, in the Spanish- 
American war. Published by the troop for private circulation. New 
York, R. H. Russell, 1899. 2 p. 1., 341 [1] pp., 3 1., illus., pi., port, 
maps. 8°. 

Carter, W[illiam] H[arding] From Yorktown to Santiago with the Sixth U. S. 
cavalry, by Lieutenant-colonel W. H. Carter . . . Baltimore, The 
Friedenwald co., 1900. vi pp., 1 1., 317 pp., front., pi. 23 J cm. 

Subject entries: 1. U. S. cavalry, 6th reg't, 1861- 2. U. S. — Hist. — Civil war — Regimental 
histories — U. S. cavalry — 6th reg't. 3. U. S. — War of 1898 — Regimental histories — 
U. S. cavalry — 6th reg't. 

Cartoons of the war of 1898 with Spain; from leading foreign and American papers. 
Chicago, Belford, Middlebrook & co., 1898. [182] pp. illus. obi. 12°. 

Cervera y Topete, Pascual, 1839- Guerra hispano-americana; coleccion de docu- 
mentos referentes d, la escuadra de operaciones de las Antillas ... El 
Ferrol, Impr. de "El Correo gallego," 1899. 218 pp. 24 cm. 

. . . The Spanish- American war. A collection of documents relative to the 

squadron operations in the West Indies. Arranged by Rear- Admiral Pas- 
cual Cervera y Topete. Translated from the Spanish. Office of naval 
intelligence. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 165 pp. 
242 cm. (U.S. Office of naval intelligence. Information from abroad. 
War notes, no. vii) 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 397 

Oeevera y Topete, Pascual, 1839- . . . Views of Admiral Cervera regarding the 
Spanish navy in the late war; November, 1898 . . . Washington, Gov- 
ernment printing office, 1898. 24 pp. 24 J cm. (IT. S. Office of naval 
intelligence. Information from abroad) 

The Chicago Record's war stories; by staff ^respondents in the field . . . [Chi- 
cago] Reprinted from the Chicago record, 1898. 256 pp., illus. 8°. (The 
Chicago quarterly of the Chicago record and the Chicago daily news. 
V. 6, no. 1) 

CoNCAs Y Palau, Victor M. La escuadra del almirante Cervera ... 2. ed., cor. y 
aumentada. Madrid, San Martin [1899] 248 pp. maps. 23 cm. 

. . . The squadron of Admiral Cervera, by Captain Victor M. Concas y 

Palau . . . Translated from the Spanish. Office of naval intelligence. 
Washington, Government printing office, 1900. 117 pp. 23^ cm. (U.S. 
Office of naval intelligence. Information from abroad. War notes, no. 

VIIl) 

Also issued as pt. viii of Senate Doc. No. 388, 56th Cong., 1st sess. 

Connecticut. Adjutant-general. Roster of Connecticut volunteers who served in 
the war between the United States and Spain 1898-1899. Hartford, Conn., 
The Case, Lockwood & Brainard co., 1899. 42 pp. 23 cm. 

CoRzo, IsiDORO. Cervera y su escuadra; consideraciones sobre el desastre de Santiago 
de Cuba de 3 de julio de 1898, por Isidoro Corzo, director de "La Union 
espaiiola" de laHabana. Habana, Tip. "La Union," 1901. 170 pp., 21., 
pi., port. I62- cm. 

CosTON, W[illiam] Hilary. The Spanish-American war volunteer; Ninth United 
States volunteer infantry roster and muster, biographies, Cuban sketches. 
Middletown, Pa., The author, 1899. i39 pp. illus. 8°. 

Creager, Charles E. The Fourteenth Ohio national guard — the Fourth Ohio vol- 
unteer infantry. A complete record of this organization from its founda- 
tion to the present day. With full account of strike, riot, and compli- 
mentary duty, and the campaign in the Spanish-American war . . . 
Columbus, O., The London printing and pub. co., 1899. 330 pp. pi., 
port. 8°. 

CuGLE, Frances, comp. A brief history of the Spanish-American war; February, 
1895, August, 1898. [Harrisburg, Pa., Kurzenknabe press, 1898] 91 
pp. 8° 

D., commandant. Remarques sur la guerre hispano-americaine, par le commandant 
D. Paris, R. Chapelot, 1899. 36 pp. 22J cm. 

DoDsoN, W[illiam] C[arey] 1846- ed. Campaigns of Wheeler and his cavalry, 
1862-1865, from material furnished by Gen. Joseph Wheeler, to which is 
added his concise and graphic account of the Santiago campaign of 1898. 
Published under the auspices of Wheeler's Confederate cavalry associa- 
tion and ed. by W. C. Dodson, historian. Atlanta, Ga., Hudgins pub. 
CO., 1899. 2 pts. in 1 v. front., pi., port. 24^ cm. 

"The facts contained in this narrative of the operations of Wheeler and his cavalry 
were furnished by General Wheeler, and compiled by Cols. William E. Wailes, E. S. 
Burford, W. S. Hawkins, M. G. Hudson, and others of General Wheeler's staff, 
immediately after the close of the civil war." — Preface. 

Draper, Andrew S[loan] 1848- The rescue of Cuba; an episode in the growth of 
free government. Boston, New York [etc.] Silver, Burdett & co., 1899. 
186 pp. p]., port., maps. 12°. 

Edwards, Frank E. The '98 campaign of the 6th Massachusetts, U. S. V., by 
Lieut. Frank E. Edwards. With 79 illustrations from original photo- 
graphs. Boston, Little, Brown and company, 1899. xix, 360 pp. incl. 
illus. , pis. , ports. , map. , front. 20J cm. 



398 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

FiALA, Anthony. Troop C in service; an account of the part played by Troop 

C of the New York vokinteer cavalry in the Spanish-American war of 

1898 . . . With contributions by R. H. .Davis, Major Flagler . . . F. 

Clarkin, and R. H. Haskell. [Brooklyn, N. Y. , Eagle press, 1899] 154 pp. , 

3 1., illus., pi., port., map.* 4°. 
Frye, James A [lbert] The First regiment Massachusetts heavy artillery, United 

States volunteers, in the Spanish- American war of 1898; with regimental 

roster and muster rolls . . . Boston, The Colonial co., 1899. xvi, 258 pp. 

illus. 8°. 
Fulton, Robert I[rving] and Trueblood, Thomas C, comj). Patriotic eloquence 

relating to the Spanish- American war and its issues. New York, C. Scrib- 

ner's sons, 1900. xi, 364 pp. 12°. 
GiDDiNGs, Howard A. Exploits of the signal corps in the war with Spain. Kansas 

City, Mo., Hudson-Kimberly pub. co., 1900. [5]-126 pp., incl. pi., port., 

front. 16°. 
GiRARD, Alfred C. The management of Camp Alger and Camp Meade. [New 

York? 1898] 9 pp. 19 cm. 

Reprinted from New York Medical Journal for September 24, 1898. 

Gloucester (U. S. gunboat) Log of the U. S. gunboat Gloucester, commanded by 
. . . Richard Wainwright, and the official reports of the principal events 
of her cruise during the late war with Spain. Annapolis, Md., U. S. 
naval institute, 1899. 188 pp., pL, port. 8°. 

GooDE, W[illiam] A[thelstane] M[eredith] With Sampson through the war, by 
W. A. M. Goode; being an account of the naval operations of the North 
Atlantic squadron during the Spanish-American war of 1898. With con- 
tributed chapters by Rear- Admiral Sampson, U. S. N., Captain Robley D. 
Evans, U. S. N., Commander C. C. Todd, U. S. N. New York, Double- 
day & McClure co., 1899. 5 p. 1., 307 pp. front., 15 plates (incl. ports.), 
map, 2 charts (1 fold.) 23 J cm. 

Hall, Thomas [Winthrop] The fun and fighting of the Rough riders; by Tom 
Hall . . . New York, F. A. Stokes co. [1899] 3 p. 1., viii, 242 pp. 12°. 

Halstead, Murat, 1829- Full official history of the war with Spain; written over 
the wires in the discharge of public duty, by the highest authorities of the 
government . . . Chicago, The Dominion co., 1899. 2 p. 1., 13-794 pp. 
illus., pi. 8°. 

. . . The history of American expansion and the story of our new pos- 
sessions. The Spanish-American war and the heroes of '98 . . . [n. p.] 
The United subscription book publishers of America [1898] 712, ix pp. 
illus., pi. 8°. 

Hannapord, E. The handy war book, containing authentic information and statis- 
tics on subjects relating to the war . . . also a brief history of Cuba, Porto 
Rico, the Philippines, and other islands. With accurate war maps and 
photographic pictures of U. S. war vessels. By Lieut. E. Hannaford . . . 
Springfield, 0., Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick [1898] 80 pp. illus., fold, 
map. 19^ cm. 

Harper's pictorial history of the war with Spain; with an introduction by . . . 
N. A. Miles. New York and London, Harper & bros., 1899. 2 v. illus., 
pi., maps. fol. 

Hemlandet company, Chicago. Hemlandets krigsbilder fran Cuba, Porto Rico och 
""ilil)pinerna: jilnite historiska och geografiska upplysningar samt med- 
delanden fran kriget niellan Forenta Staterna och Spanien 1898 . . . 
Chicago, Hemlandet company [1898] 1 p. 1., [165] p. incl. illus., port. 
262 X 34^ cm. 

161 numb, illus. on as many pages, with lettterpress at foot of page and table of con- 
tents in Swedish and English. 



HAT^DBOOK OF CUBA. 399 

Hemment, John C. Cannon and camera; sea and land battles of the Spanish- 
American war in Cuba; camp life, and the return of the soldiers. 
Described and illustrated by J. C. Hemment . . . with index, and an 
introduction by W. I. L. Adams. New York, D. Appleton & co., 1898. 
xxi, 282 pp. pi. 8°. 

Hero tales of the American soldier and sailor as told by the heroes themselves and 
their comrades. The story of our great wars. New York, W. W. Wilson 
[1899] X, [33]-504 pp. col. front., illus., plates (1 fold.) maps. 25 x 
19J cm. 

Preface signed: J. W. Buel. 

History of the Spanish- American war, with handy atlas maps and full description 
of recently acquired United States territory . . . Chicftgo and New York, 
Rand, McNally & co., 1898. 1 p. 1., 16 pp. illus. f°. 

( With Rand, McNally & eo. Rand, McNally & co.'s universal atlas of the world. 
[1899].) 

HoBSON, Richmond Pearson, 1870- The sinking of the "Merrimac;" a personal 
narrative of the adventure in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba, June 3, 1898, 
and of the subsequent imprisonment of the survivors. New York, The 
Century co., 1899. xiv pp., 1 1., 306 pp. illus., port. 8°. 

Holmes, Prescott. Young people's history of the war with Spain . . . Philadel- 
phia, H. Altemus [1900] 184 pp. inch front., illus. sq. 16°. (Altemus' 
young people's library) 

Howard, Oliver Otis, 1830- Fighting for humanity; or. Camp and quarter-deck. 
London and New York, F. T. Neely [1898] xvi, 5-221 pp. 12°. 

HuLST, J[ohn] B.- Het verdrukte Cuba en zijne verlossing, of De geschiedenis van 

Cuba, vanaf zijne ontdekking tot aan zijne bevrijding van Spanje's juk, 

alsook van den Spaansch-Amerikaanschen oorlog, op eenvoudige wijze 

. verteld aan het Nederlandsch volk. Grand Rapids, Mich., J. B. Hulst 

[1898] 263, [1] pp. 12°. 

Illinois. Adjutant-general' s office. Roster of Illinois volunteers, American-Spanish 
war 1898-99, with historical sketches from the time of mobilization to 
muster into the United States service . . . By . . . J. N. Reece, adju- 
tant-general . . . 

{In Report of the adjutant general . . . Rev. by J. N. Reece. Springfield, 1900-2. 
22 cm. V . 9, Record of the services of Illinois soldiers in the Black Hawk war 1831-32, 
and in the Mexican war 1846-48, pp. [345] -684, 11.) 

Indiana. Adjutant-general's office. Record of Indiana volunteers in the Spanish- 
American war 1898-99; issued by authority of the sixty-first General 
assembly of Indiana . . . Indianapolis, W. B. Burford, 1900. 368 pp. 
front. 8°. 

J[acobsen, Hermann] . . . Sketches from the Spanish-American war. By Com- 
mander J. . . . Translated from the German . . . Washington, Gov- 
ernment printing office, 1899. 2 pts. illus., maps. 23 cm. (U. S. 
Ofiice of naval intelligence. Information from abroad. War notes, no. 
iii-iv) 

"Translated from the Marine-Rundschau" ... 

Johnson, Edward A[ugustus] History of negro soldiers in the Spanish- American 
war, and other items of interest. By Edward A. Johnson . . . Raleigh, 
Capital printing co., 1899. 147 pp. front., plates, ports. 22 cm. 

Johnston, William A. Ilistor}' up to date; a concise account of the war of 1898 
between the United States and Spain; its causes and the treaty of Paris. 
New York, A. S. Barnes & co., 1899. xiii, 258 pp. pL, port. 12°. 

[Kaler], James Otis, 1848- The boys of '98, by James Otis [pseud.l illustrated by 
J. S. Davis, F. T. IWerrill. Boston, D. Estes & co. [1898] ix, 386 pp. pL, 
port. 8°. 



400 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Keenan, Henry F [rancis] The conflict with Spain ; a history of the war based upon 
ofiicial reports and descriptions of eye-witnesses . . . Philadelphia and 
Chicago, P. W. Ziegler & CO. [1898] 601pp. illus. 8°. 

Keim, De B[enneville] Eandolph. "The President's war." By De B. Randolph 

Keim. 

(im Frank Leslie's popular monthly. New York, 1900. 24i cm. v. 50, no. 2, pp. [107]- 
122. illus.) 

Kennan, George, 1845- Campaigning in Cuba, by George Kennan . . . New York, 

The Century co., 1899. v pp., 1 1., 269 pp. 21 cm. 
King, 'W[illiam] Nephew. The story of the war of 1898, told by W. Nephew King, 
lieutenant U. S. N. ; illustrated from drawings in black and white, photo- 
graphs taken at the front and paintings by the best artists . . . New 
York, P. F. Collier, 1898. 321, [1] pp. illus. inch 17 col. plates. 33J x 
51j cm. 

CoHtewts.— Author's preface. — Introduction for the Navy, by Captain Robley D. Evans.— 
Introduction for the Army, by Major-General O. O. Howard. — The story of the war, 
by Lieutenant W. Nephew King. 

KoENiGSBERG, M[osEs] Southem martyrs. Ahistoryof Alabama's white regiments 
during the Spanish-American war; touching incidentally on the experi- 
ences of the entire first division of the seventh army corps. Montgomery, 
Ala., Brown print CO., 1898. 212 pp. pi. port. 8°. 

Eatheop, Henry M. Under the Red cross; or. The Spanish-American war, as seen 
by a Red cross surgeon . . . carefully ed. by J. R. Musick . . . New 
York, F. B. Warner & co., 1898. vii, [1], 287 pp. pi., port. 8°. 

Lebbaud, ;6lie. ... La guerre hispano-americaine et le droit des gens . . . Paris, 
A. Rousseau, 1904. 2 p. 1., 232 pp. 25 J cm. 
"Bibliographie": pp. [229] -230. 

Le Fur, L. Etude sur la guerre hispano-americaine de 1898, envisagee au point de 
vue du droit international public. Paris, A. Redone, 1899. 2 p. 1., 316, 
xlii pp. 24^ cm. 

Lest we forget. New York, E. R. Herrick & co. [1898] 3 p. 1. 22 pi. obi. 

Coretente.— Plates by various American artists illustrating the Spanish- American war. 

Leslie's official history of the Spanish- American war; a pictorial and descriptive 
record . . . compiled and written directly from the official records . . . 
H. P. Mawson, Leslie's weekly; J. W. Buel, historian. [Washington? 
1899] 612 pp., 1 1. inch front, (port.) illus., pL, maps. fol. 
Not official. 

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 1850- The war with Spain, by Henry Cabot Lodge. Illus- 
trated. New York and London, Harper & brothers, 1900. viii, [1], 287, 
[1] p. front., pis., ports., maps. 21 J cm. 

Lynk, Miles V[andahurst] The black troopers; or, The daring heroism of the 
negro soldiers in the Spanish-American war . . . Jackson, Tenn., M. V. 
Lynk pub. house, 1899. 163, [1] pp., 1 1. port. 12°. 

McCooK, Henry C[hristopher] The martial graves of our fallen heroes iu Santiago 
de Cuba, by Henry C. McCook . . . Philadelphia, G. W. Jacobs & co., 
1899. 448 pp. illus., pi., port., maps, facsim. 25 cm. 

McOuLLOUGH, J. G. The Spanish war; an address before the Reunion society of 
Vermont officers, at Montpelier. Oct. 26, 1898. [Montpelier, 1898?] 23 
pp. 23 cm. 

McNally, B., cmnp. Soldiers and sailors of New Jersey in the Spanish- American 
war, embracing a chronological account of the army and navy. Newark, 
N. J., B. McNally, 1898. 46 pp. 26 cm. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 401 

Mahan, A[lfred] T[hayee] 1840- . . . La guerre sur meret ses lemons, par. A. T. 
Mahan ... Tr. de I'anglais avec I'autorisation de I'auteur, par le comte 
Alphonse de Dies bach. Paris [etc.] Berger-Levrault & cie. , 1900. 3 p. 1., 
179 pp., 11. 22^- cm. 

At head of title: Guerre hispano-amSricaine (1898). ■ ' 

Articles du "Times." 

A translation of the leading article in the author's collection ' ' Lessons of the war with 
Spain and other articles." First pub. in McClure's magazine, Dec, 1898, to Apr., 1899. 

■ Lessons of the war with Spain, and other articles, by Alfred T. Mahan . . . 

Boston, Little, Brown and company, 1899. xvi pp., 1 1., 320 pp. 2 maps. 
20 cm. 

CoMten^s.— Lessons of the war with Spain, 1898. — The peace conference and the moral 
aspect of war. — The relations of the United States to their new dependencies. — Dis- 
tinguishing qualities of ships of war. — Current fallacies upon naval subjects. 

March, Alden. The history and conquest of the- Philippines and our other island 
possessions, embracing our war with the Filipinos in 1899 ... an authen- 
tic history of the Spanish war . . . the history of Cuba, Porto Rico, the 
Ladrone and the Hawaiian Islands . . . Philadelphia, Chicago [etc.] 
J. C. Winston & co. [1899] xxii, 25-498 pp. illus., map. 8°. 

Marshall, Edward. The story of the Rough riders, 1st U. S. volunteer cavalry; 
the regiment in camp and on the battlefield . . . illustrated from photo- 
graphs taken on the field and with drawings made by R. F. Outcault. 
New York, G. W. Dillingham CO., 1899. 320 pp. illus. 8°. 

Massachusetts Reform Club. Report of the committee of the Massachusetts reform 
club appointed to collect testimony in relation to the Spanish-American 
war 1898-1899. Boston, G. H. Ellis, printer, 1899. 57 pp. 23 cm. 

Meldrum T[homas] M[illar] The Cuban campaign of the First infantry Illinois 
volunteers April 25-September 9, 1898. Illustrated with a series of views 
, taken by . . . C. S. AVagar . . . Chicago? 1899. 2 p. 1., 2 p., 1 1. 108 
pi. 18^x26 cm. 

Mendoza y Vizcaino, Enrique. Historia de la guerra hispano-americana, escrita 
por Enrique Mendoza y Vizcaino. Con un prologo del Sr. Francisco G. 
Cosmes, colaboracion del Sr. Alberto Leduc. Seguida de algunas pro- 
testas de las colonias espanolas en Mexico. 2. ed. Mexico, A. Barral y 
compaiiia, 1898. 1 p. 1., 244 pp. 23 J cm. 

Merchan, Rafael M. La redencion de un mondo. Bogota, Colombia, La Luz, 
1898. 15 pp. 19 cm. 

Artlculo publicado en el Repertorio colombiano, entrega de mayo de 1898. 

. . . Michigan volitnteers of '98; a complete photographic record of Michigan's 
part in the Spanish- American war of 1898. (Official souvenir) Detroit, 
Mich., G. F. Sterling & co. [1898] [102] pp. illus., pi. obi. 8°. 

A military album, containing over one thousand portraits of commissioned ofiicers 
who served in the Spanish- American war. New York, L. R. Hamersly co., 
1902. 262 pp. incl. port. 27 cm. 

Military order of the loyal legion of the United States. Minnesota com- 
mandery. Glimpses of the nation's struggle. l8t-4th series. Papers read 
before the Minnesota commandery of the Military order of the loyal legion 
of the United States, 1887-1897. Published for the commandery, by E. C. 
Mason, E. Torrance, D. L. Kingsbury, committee. St. Paul, H. L. Col- 
lins co., 1887-98. 4v. illus., fold, map, plan. 23 cm. 

Moffatt, James Stanley. A brief history of the conflict between the United States 
and Spain, 1898 . . . Eustis, Fla,, Hull printing co., 1899. 50 pp. illus. 
pi. 12°. 

159a— 05 26 



402 HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Morris, Charles, 1833- The war with Spain; a complete history of the war of 1898 
between the United States and Spain . . . Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott 
CO., 1899 [1898] 383 pp. pi., port., maps. 12°. 

Moss, James A. Memories of the campaign of Santiago. June 6, 1898, Aug. 18, 
1898. [San Francisco, The Mysell- Rollins CO., 1899] 60 pp., 41. illus., 
maps. 4°. 

MusGRAVE, George Clarke. Under three flags in Cuba; a personal account of the 
Cuban insurrection and Spanish- American war . . . Boston, Little, Brown 
& CO., 1899. XV, 365 pp. front., pi., port. 12°. 

MusiCK, John R[oy] 1849-1901. History of the war with Spain. With a complete 
record of its causes, with incidents of the struggle for supremacy in the 
western hemisphere. By John R. Musick . . . New York, J. S. Ogilvie 
publishing company [1898] v p., 1 1., 33-468 pp. front., pi., port. 22cm. 

Lights and shadows of our war with Spain. A series of historical sketches, 

incidents, anecdotes, and personal experiences in the Hispano- American 
war. Written and compiled by John R. Musick . . . New York, J. S. 
Ogilvie publishing company, 1898. vi, [7]-224 pp. 2 port. (incl. front.) 
20 cm. (The peerless series, no. 109) 
MtJLLER Y Tejeiro, Josr. . . . Battles and capitulation of Santiago de Cuba . . . 
Translated from the Spanish . . . Washington, Government printing 
oflB.ce, 1898. vi, 108 pp. maps. 24 cm. ([U. S. Oflice of naval intel- 
ligence] Information from abroad) 

Translation of a part of the author's " Combates y capitulacion de Santiago de Cuba." 

. . . Battles and capitulation of Santiago de Cuba. (Completed) By 

Lieutenant Jose Milller y Tejeiro . . . Translated from the Spanish. 
Navy department. Office of naval intelligence. Washington, Government 
printing office, 1899. 165 pp. maps. 23i cm. (U. S. Office of naval 
intelligence. Information from abroad. War notes, no. 1) 

"Chapters 1-3 of the original are omitted from this translation." — Catalogue of U. S. 
pub. doc. 1899-1900. 

Combates y capitulacion de Santiago de Cuba . . . Madrid, F. Marques, 

1898. 280 pp. maps. 23^ cm. 
[Neil, Henry] 1863- ed. ... Exciting experiences in our wars with Spain, and 
the Filipinos, ed. by Marshall Everett [pseud.] . . . Including the offi- 
cial history of our war with Spain, by Wm. McKinley . . . Chicago, 
111., Book publishers union, 1899. 415, [32] pp. incl. illus., plates, ports, 
front., plates. 25 cm. 

At head of title: Official autograph edition. 

Nelan, Charles. Cartoons of our war with Spain. New York, F. A. Stokes co., 
1898. [64] pp. illus. obi. 4°. 

New York (State) Adjutant-general's office. New York in the Spanish-American 
war, 1898. Rev. ed. Part of the report of the adjutant-general of the 
state. Transmitted to the Legislature of 1902 . . . Albany, J. B. Lyon 
company, state printers, 1902. 3 v. front, (port. ) pi. 235 cm. 

State historian. New York and the war with Spain. History of the Empire 

state regiments. Published under the direction of the state historian. 
Albany, The Argus company, printers, 1903. 3 p. 1., 429, 192 pp. front., 
• pis., ports. 23 cm. 

Running title: Annual report of the state historian. 
Issued also as Assembly doc, 1903, no. 68. 

Includes "My memoirs of the military history of the state of New York during the 
war for the Union, 1861-65, by Colonel Silas W. Burt . . . Edited by the state his- 
torian, and issued as War of the rebellion series — Bulletin, no. 1." 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 403 

NoKTH Carolina. Adjutant-general's office. Roster of the North CaroUna volun- 
teers in the Spanish-American war, 1898-1899 . . . Ealeigh, Edwards & 
Broughton [etc.] 1900. 131pp. 8°. 

Nunez, Severo Gomez. La guerra' hispano-americana; Santiago de Cuba . . . por 
Severe Gomez Niinez . . . Madrid, Imp. del Cuerpo de artilleria, 1901. 
242 pp. pL, port., maps, plans. 19 cm. 

Gates, William C[alvin] 1835- The war between the union and the confederacy 
and its lost opportunities, with a history of the 15th Alabama regiment 
and the forty-eight battles in which it was engaged . . . the war between 
the United States and Spain, by William C. Gates . . . 5th thousand. 
New York and Washington, The Neale publishing company, 1905. xxiv, 
[25]-808 pp. front., plates, ports. 23 cm. 

The official and pictorial record of the story of American expansion, portray- 
ing the crowning achievements of the McKinley-Roosevelt administra- 
tions, with fullest information respecting the original thirteen states; the 
several cessions and annexations, including Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, 
the Philippines, Samoa, and Panama canal, embellished with fifteen hun- 
dred original illustrations . . . Comp. and written directly from the 
official records at Washington . . . Washington, M. J. Wright, 1904. 
2 V. fronts., illus. (partly col.) plates, ports., maps. 485 cm. 
Paged continuously; v. 1: 6 p. 1., 320 pp.; v. 2: viii, 321-641, [2], 9-16 p. 

Ghio. Adjutant-general. Roster of Ghio volunteers in the service of the United 
States, war with Spain. Prepared under direction of Herbert B. Kings- 
ley, adjutant-general of Ohio. Columbus, Ghio, J. L. Trauger, 1898. 184 
pp. 25 cm. 

Gjetti, Ugo. L' America vittoriosa. Milano, Fratelli Treves, 1899. 4 p. 1., 343 pp. 
12°. 

Gliver, William H., jr. Roughing it with the regulars. By Wm. H. Gliver, jr. . . . 
• New York, W. F. Parr [n901] 226 pp. front, (port.) pi. 19 cm. 

Gllero, Andres F. . . . Teatro de la guerra. Descripcion geografica, historica, 
estadistica, militar y marftima de las islas de Cabo- Verde, la Martinica, 
Puerto-Rico, Cuba, Filipinas y los Estados Unidos. [Madrid, 1898] 45 
pp., 1 1. fold. map. 21^^ cm. 
Cover-title. 

Gregon. Adjutant-general's office. The official records of the Gregon volunteers in 
the Spanish war and Philippine insurrection. Comp. by Brigadier-General 
0. U. Gantenbein, adjutant-general . . . Salem, Greg., W. H. Leeds, 
state printer, 1902. xv, 700 pp. front, (port.) pL, facsim. 24 cm. 

Parker, James. A review of the naval campaign of 1898, in the pursuit and de- 
struction of the Spanish fleet, commanded by Admiral Cervera. [n. p.] 
1900. 64 pp. diagr. 8°. 

Parker, John H[enry] History of the Gatling gun detachment. Fifth army corps, 
at Santiago, with a few unvarnished truths concerning that expedition. 
Kansas City, Mo., Hudson-Kimberly pub. CO. [1898] 274pp. pi., port., 
map. 12°. 

Pennsylvania. Adjutant-general's office. Record of Pennsylvania volunteers in 
the Spanish- American war, 1898. Published under the provisions of the 
act of assembly, approved April 13, 1899. Comp. under the supervision 
of Thomas J. Stewart, adjutant-general. [Harrisburg] W. S. Ray, state 
printer, 1900. 1 p. L, 952 pp. fold. tab. 25 cm. 

Pierce, Frederick E [verett] 1862- Reminiscences of the experiences of Company L, 
Second regiment Massachusetts infantry, U. S. V., in the Spanish-American 
war. By Major Frederick E. Pierce . . . Greenfield, Mass., Press of 
E. a. Hall & CO., 1900. vii, 124 pp. front., 48 pi. (incl. port., port, groups) 
map, plan, 2 facsims. 23 cm. 



404 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Pluddemann [Max] . . . Comments of Rear-Admiral Pliiddemann, German navy, 
on the main features of the war with Spain. Translated from the German 
... Washington, Gov't print, office, 1899. 18 pp. 23 cm. (U. S. Office 
of naval intelUgence. Information from abroad. War notes, no. ii) 

"Translated from the Marine-Rundsehau, November, 1898." 

Der krieg um Cuba im sommer 1898. Nach zuverliissigen quellen bearbeitet 

von M. Pluddemann . . . Berlin, E. S. Mittler und sohn, 1809. vi, 258 
pp. inch illus., port., map. front. 23 cm. 

Prentiss, A., ed. The history of the Utah volunteers in the Spanish- American war 
and in the Philippine Islands . . . [Salt Lake City] W. F. Ford [1900] 
xviii pp., 1 1., 430 pp. pi., port., map. 8°. 

QuESADA, GoKZALO BE and Northrop, Henry D. America's battle for Cuba's free- 
dom; containing a complete record of Spanish tyranny and oppression 
. . . inside facts of the war, etc. . . . Philadelphia, National pub. co. 
[1898] X, [2], 17-768 pp. illus., pi., map. 8°. 

Recortes periodisticos de los diarios de Madrid . . . [ai5o viii-ix; 2. sept., 1897-21. 
abril, 1898. Madrid, 1897-98] 10 v. 2^ cm. 
Cover-title. 

Clippings from the newspapers of Madrid, illustrative of the relations between Spain 
and the United States during the ministry of S. L. Woodford. 

Rhode Island INFANTRY. 1st reg't, 1898-1899. . . . Spanish-American war. Camp 
Meade Pennsylvania. 1898. Roster and souvenir 1st Rhode Island regi- 
ment, United States volunteers. Harrisburg, Pa. , Clepper & Sigler, 1898. 
16 pp. port. 25 cm. 

Richards, Julian W., comp. A handbook of the Spanish- American war of 1898 and 
the insurrection in the Philippines . . . compiled from official reports, 
etc. Cedar Rapids, The Republican print, co., 1899. 36 pp., 1 1. 8°. 

RiGNEY, P[eter] Samuel, 1872- History of the Two hundred and third regiment, 
New York infantry volunteers. Prepared by P. Samuel Rigney . . . 
With preface by William Cary Sanger . . . Newburgh, N. Y. [New- 
burgh journal print] 1899. 83 pp. 2 pi., ports. 23 J cm. 

Roe, Alfred S[eelye] 1844- Worcester in the Spanish war; being the stories of 
companies A, C, and H, 2d regiment, and company G, 9th regiment, 
M. V. M., during the war for the liberation of Cuba, May-November, 
1898, with a roster of E. R. Shumway camp, no. 30, Spanish war veterans, 
followed by a brief account of the work of Worcester citizens in aiding 
the soldiers and their families, by Alfred S. Roe . . . Worcester, Mass., 
The author, 1905. 331, [1] p. incl. front, illus. 26 cm. 

Roosevelt, Theodore, pres. U. S., 1858- The Rough riders . . . New York, 
C. Scribner's sons, 1899. xi, [1], 298 pp. pi., port. 8°. 

The Rough riders; by Theodore Roosevelt . . . New York and London, 

G. P. Putnam's sons, 1900. 300 pp. front, (port.) 17 cm. (The Saga- 
more series. 7) 

. . . The Rough riders, a history of the First United States volunteer cav- 
alry, by Theodore Roosevelt. Philadelphia, Gebbie and company, 1903. 
1 p. 1., ix, 294 pp. 2 pi., 2 port. incl. front. 22 cm. (On cover: The com- 
plete writings of Theodx)re Roosevelt [Uniform ed.]) 

. . . The Rough riders, by Theodore Roosevelt . . . New York, The 

Review of reviews company, 1904. 4 p. 1., 5-336 pp. front, (port. ) 2O2 cm. 
{His [Works] Statesman ud. 11) 

Ross, Clinton. Heroes of our war with Spain; their exploits told for a boy; illus- 
trated by H. B. Wechsler. New York, F. A. Stokes co. [1898] 1 p. 1., 
xiv, 352 pp. pi. 12° » / * ^ /<0 / ft n P 

/?iiz,(^l'^a /;ac-oft.(rvv, n^c/>eL(.w<, . f . n?^- 



HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA, 405 

E.USSELL, Henry B[enajah] An illustrated history of our war with Spain: its causes, 
incidents, and results . . . with introductions bj' E. Proctor and J. M. 
Thurston. . . Hartford, Conn., A. D.AVorthington&co., 1898. 780 pp. 
illus., port., maps. 8°. 

The story of two wars; an illustrated history of our war with Spain and our 

, war with the Fihpinos . . . with an inti'oduction by ... K. Proctor . . . 

Hartford, Conn., The Hartford pub. co., 1899. xxxiv, 33-752 pp. illus., 
port., maps. 8°. 

Schley, Winpield Scott, 1839- Forty-five years under the flag, by Winfield Scott 
Schley . . . New York, D. Appleton and company, 1904. xiii, 439 pp. 
front, (port.) illus., pis., map, fold, chart. 22 cm. 

Sherman, A[ndrew] M[agoun] .1844- Morristown; New Jersey, in the Spanish- 
American war . . . Morristown, N. J., Jerseyman office, 1900. 1 p. l.,vi, 
183 pp., 4 1. illus., pL, port. 8°. 

Skinner, John K[ezin] History of the Fourth Illinois volunteers in their relation 
to the Spanish-American war for the liberation of Cuba and other island 
possessions of Spain ... by Chaplain John R. Skinner. [Logansport, 
Ind., Press of Wilson, Humphreys & co., °1899] 461 pp. illus. (inch 
ports.) plates (1 fold.) 23^ cm. 

[Smith, Amelie de Foufkide] comp. Oregon's official roster . . . Portland, Or., 
The Lewis & Dryden print, co. [1898] 106 pp. illus., port. 18 cm. 

Copy 2. 

2d ed. Portland, Or., The Lewis & Dryden print, co. [1898] 1 p. 1., 

106, [15] pp. illus., port. 18 cm. 

Society of colonial w^ars. Register of members of the Society of colonial wars 
who served in the army or navy of the United States during the Spanish- 
American war, and record of the i:)atriotic work done by the society . . . 
New York, 1899. 32 pp. front., port. 23 J cm. 

Sons op the American revolution. List of members of various state societies of 
the Sons of the American revolution who served in the war with Spain. 
Issued by the National society of the Sons of the American revolution. 
[New York?] 1900. 36, xi p. 24 cm. 

Cover-title: Medal list of Sons of the American revolution . . . 

The Spanish- American war; the events of the war described by eye-witnesses .■ . . 

Chicago and New York, H. S. Stone & co., 1899 [1898] 8, 228 pp. illus. 

sq. 8°. 
The Spanish w^ar journal, pub. in the interest of those who served honorably in 

the war with Spain or the insurrection in the Philippine Islands, v. 1- 

Jan. 30, 1901- Washington, D. C. [L. C. Dyer] 1901- v. in. illus. 

(inch ports.) 29^ cm. 

Monthly (Jan. -May, 1901, semimonthly; Nov.-Dec, 1901, weekly. 

Official organ of the Spanish war veterans. 

Editor: 1901- L. C. Dyer. 

Absorbed the Washington hatchet, Nov. 2, 1901. 

Spears, John R[andolph] 1850- The history of our navy from its origin to the 
present day, 1775-1897, by John R. Spears . . . New York, C. Scrib- 
ner's sons, 1897-99. 5 v. front., illus., pi., port., maps, plans, facsim. 
20J cm. 

Vol. 1-4 published in 1897 complete "in four volumes;" on t.-p. of v. 5 (issued in 
1899): The history of our navy from its origin to the end of the war with Spain, 
1775-1898 ... In five volumes. 

Our navy in the war with Spain . . . New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 

xxii, 406 pp. illus., port., map. 8°. 



y 



/ 

406 ^(if HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

^^""■'-- " '" ^' : ' 

/ Sternberg, George M[iller] 1838- Sanitary lessons, of the war. By George M. 
) Sternberg. . . [Philadelphia] 1899. cover-title, 26 pp. incl. diagr. 21cm. 

"Reprinted from the Philadelphia medical journal, June 10-17, 1899." 

Strathmore [P.] History of the war between the United States and Spain, by 
I Professor Strathmore . . . [New York, P. Strathmore] 1898. 31 pp. 

i 20^ cm. 

I Street, Arthur I. A chronicle of the war; including historical documents, army 
and navy movements, roster of state troops, etc. [Issued quarterly, v. 1, 
no. 1] [n. p., 1898] 8°. 
\ Sues, Otto L[ouis] Grigsby's cowboys. Third United States volunteer cavalry, 
Spanish- American war . . . Salem, S. Dak., J. E. Patten, 1900. xvi, 
359 pp., 2 1. incl. front, (port.) 8°. 
Titherington, Richard H[andfield] A history of the Spanish-American war of 
1898 . . . New York, D. Appleton & co., 1900. v. 415 pp. illus. 12°. 
Trelles [y Govin], Carlos M[anuel] 1866- . . . Bibliografia de la segunda 
gueiTa de independencia cubana y de la hispano-yankee. Publicada en 
la revista ilustrada "Cuba y America." Habana, 1902. cover-title, 49 
pp. 24 cm. 

"Notas extraetadas de la obra en preparaei6n, Bibliografia cubana desde 1492 a 1900, 
en la eual se dara cuenta de 14,000 libros y folletos." 
Arranged chronologically, 1895-1900; includes references to articles in periodicals. 

TuppER, H[enry] Allen, jr. Columbia's war for Cuba; a story of the early strug- 
gles of the Cuban patriots, and of all the important events leading up to 
the present war between the United States and Spain for Cuba libre . . . 
New York, P. B. Bromfield & co. [1898] 256 pp. front., illus., pi., port. 
24 cm. 

"An American woman in Cuba. By Frances Linton: " pp. 245-256. 

Turner, T[ell] A. Story of the Fifteenth Minnesota volunteer infantry. Minne- 
apolis, Lessard printing co. [1899] 170 pp., 14 1. 12°. 

United States adjutant-general's office. Correspondence relating to the war 
with Spain and conditions growing out of the same, including the insur- 
rection in the Philippine Islands and the China relief expedition, between 
the adjutant-general of the army and military commanders in the United 
States, Cuba, Porto Rico, China, and the Philippine Islands, from April 15, 
1898, to July 30, 1902. With an apjjendix giving the organization of army 
corps and a brief history of the volunteer organizations in the service of 
the United States during the war with Spain. Washington, Government 
printing office, 1902. 2 v. 25 cm. 

Paged continuously; v. 1: 628 pp.; v. 2: [629J-1489 pp. 

Statistical exhibit of strength of volunteer forces called mto service 

during the war with Spain; with losses from all causes. Washington, 
Government printing office, 1899. 25 pp. 29^ cm. 

Commission appointed by the president to investigate the conduct of the 

War department in the war with Spain. Report. Washington, Govern- 
ment printing office, 1900. 8 V. 8°. (U.S. 56th Cong., 1st sess. Sen- 
ate. Doc. no. 221.) 

Members of the commission: Gen. Grenville M. Dodge, la., president; Col. James A. 
Sexton, 111.; Col. Charles Denby, Ind.; Capt. Evan P. Howell, Ga.; Ex-gov. Urban 
A. Woodbury, Vt.; Brig. gen. John M. Wilson, chief of engin. U. S. A.; Gen. James 
A. Beaver, Pa.; Maj. gen. Alexander McD. McCools:, U. S. A.; Dr. Phineas S. Conner, 
0.; Richard Weightman, secretary; Lieut, col. F. B. Jones, disbursing officer; Maj. 
Stephen C. Mills, recorder. 

Navy department. Schley court of inquiry. . . . Record of proceedings of 

a court of inquiry in case of Rear- Admiral Winfield S. Schley, U. S. navy. 
Convened at the Navy-yard, Washington, D. C, September 12, 1901 . . . 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 407 

Washington, Government printing office, 1902. 2 v. fold, maps, plans, 
diagr. 23 cm. (57th Cong., 1st sess. House. Doc. no. 485) 
Collation: (v. 1) 1 p. 1., 1259 p.; (v. 2) 1 p. 1., 1259-1936, [343], li p. 

Included in v. 2: Findings of the court, and opinion of Admiral Dewey. — Rear- 
Admiral Schley's "Petition for relief from the findings and report of a court of 
inquiry, and accompanying papers." — "The President's memorandum upon the 
appeal of Admiral Schley." — Appendix, containing logs of the battle ships, signals, 
etc. — Index prepared in the office of the superintendent of documents. 

Office of naval intelligence. . . . Information from abroad. War notes no. 

i-viii . . . Washington, Government printing office, 1899-1900. 8 nos. 
maps (partly fold.) diagr. 23 cm. 

No more published (i-vii issued 1899) 

Reprinted, 1900, with title "Notes on the Spanish- American war." The reprint is 
issued also in the Congressional series of U. S. public documents (no. 3876) as Senate 
doc. 388, 56th Cong., 1st sess. 

Contents. — No. I. Battles and capitulation of Santiago de Cuba. (Completed.) By 
Lieutenant Jos6 Muller y Tejeiro ... Tr. from the Spanish.— No. II. Comments of 
Rear-Admiral Pliiddemann ... on the main features of the war with Spain. Tr. 
from the German.— No. III-IV. Sketches from the Spanish-American war. By Com- 
mander J[acobsen] Tr. from the German.— No. V. Effect of the gun fire of the 
United States vessels in the battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898) By Lieut. John M. 
Ellicott, U. S. N.— No. VI. The Spanish- American war. Blockades and coast defense. 
By Severo G6mez Nunez. Tr. from the Spanish.— No. VII. The Spanish-American 
war. A collection of documents relative to the squadron operations in the West 
Indies. Arranged by Rear- Admiral Pascual Cervera y Topete. Tr. from the Span- 
ish.— No. VIII. The squadron of Admiral Cervera, by Captain Victor M. Concas y 
Palau . . . Tr. from the Spanish. 

Notes on the Spanish-American war . . . Washington, Gov't print. 

off., 1900. iii, 165, 18, 38, 28, 13, 120, 165, 117 pp. maps (partly fold.) 
diagrs. 23 cm. 

Reprint of its " Information from abroad. War notes no. i-viii." 

Issued also in the Congressional series of U. S. public documents (no. 3876) as Senate 

doc. 388, 56th Cong., 1st sess. 
Contents.— I. Battles and capitulation of Santiago de Cuba. By Lieut. Jos6 Muller y 
Tejeiro, Spanish navy.— II. Comments of Rear- Admiral Pliiddemann, German navy, 
on the main features of the war with Spain.— III-IV. Sketches from the Spanish- 
American war. By Commander J [acobsen] German navy.— V. Effect of the gun Are 
of the United States vessels in the battle of Manila Bay. By Lieut. John M. Ellicott, 
United States navy.— VI. The Spanish-American war. Blockades and coast defense. 
By Capt. Severo Gomez Nilnez, Spanish army. — VII. The Spanish-American war. A 
collection of documents relative to the squadron operations in the West Indies. 
Arranged by Rear-Admiral Pascual Cervera y Topete, Spanish navy.— VIII. The 
squadron of Admiral Cervera. By Capt. Victor M. Concas y Palau, Spanish navy. 

Revenue-cutter service. The United States revenue-cutter service in the war 

with Spain, 1898. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 49 pp. 
24J cm. [Treasury dept. Doc. no. 2135] 

[Uequia y Redecilla, Juan de] La guerra hispano-americana; historia negra; 
relato de los escdndalos ocurridos en nuestras ex-colonias durante las 
ultimas guerras; por el capit^n Verdades, con un prologode Adolfo Su^rez 
de Figueroa. Barcelona, Casa editorial Maucci; [etc., etc.] 1899. xvi, 
17-255 pp. 12°. 

Venable, William Mayo. The Second regiment of United States volunteer engi- 
neers; a history. Cincinnati, McDonald & CO [1899] 2 p. 1., 219 pp. pL, 
maps. 8°. 

Vivian, Thomas J[ondrie] The fall of Santiago. New York, R. F. Fenno & co., 
1898. 246 pp. pL, port, map. 8°. 

Wagner, Arthur L[ockwood] and Kelley, J[ames] D[ouglas] Jerrold. Our 
country's defensive forces in war and peace. The United States army and 
navy; their histories from the era of the revolution to the close of the 



408 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Spanish-American war; with accounts of their organization, administra- 
tion, and duties . . . Akron, O., New York [etc.] The Werner co., 1899. 
241 pp. Illus. obi. fol. 

Watteeson, Henry. History of the Spanish- American war; embracing a complete 
review of our relations with Spain. New York, Akron, 0. [etc.] The 
Werner co. [1898] xx, 474 pp. illus., pi., port. 8°. 

Wheeler, Joseph, 1836- The Santiago campaign. Boston, New York [etc.] I^am- 
son, Wolffe & co., 1898. xvii, 369 pp. 8°. 

Whipple, J[ames] E. The story of the Forty-ninth [Iowa, U. S. vol. inf.] Writ- 
ten by Captain J. E. Whipple . . . with pictures by George E. Knapp 
. . . Vinton, la., 1903. 2 p. 1., 66 pp. pi., port. 21^ x 16J cm. 

White, Trumbull, 1868- Our war with Spain for Cuba's freedom . . . Including 
a description and history of Cuba, Spain, Philippine Islands, our army and 
navy . . . and our relations with other nations, etc., etc. . . . Chicago 
and Philadelphia, Monarch book co. [1898] 416 pp. pi., port, map. 8°. 

Wilson, H [erbekt] W [rigley] The downfall of Spain ; naval history of the Spanish- 
American war . . . London, S. Low, Marston and co., 1900. xiv, [2], 
451 pp. front., pi., port., maps, plans, diagr. 23^ cm. 
Bibliography: pp. 442-444. 

Wyatt, Frank T. Life of Dewey; and thrilling tales of war in Cuba and the Philip- 
pines . . . Chicago, W. B. Conkey co. [1899] 304 pp. illus. port. 8°. 

Yosemite (U. S. cruiser). Log of the U. S. S. Yosemite. Detroit, J. F. Eby & co., 
1899. viii, 162 pp. front., pi. 23 cm. 

Young, James Rankin and Moore, J. Hampton. History of our war with Spain, 
including battles on sea and land ... to which is added a full account of 
the conquests of Spain in America, naval battles of the United States, etc. , 
etc., by . . . J.R.Young . . . in collaboration with J. H. Moore. Phila- 
delphia, National pub. CO.. [1898] viii, 17-704 pp. illus. , pi. , port. , maps. 
8°. 

Reminiscences and thrilling stories of the war, by returned heroes . . . 



to which is added Admiral Cervera's story of his attempt to escape from 
the harbor of Santiago . . . etc. Philadelphia, National pub. co. [1899] 
1 p. 1., xix, 17-665 pp. illus., pi., port., map. 8°. 

LEARNED SOCIETIES OF CUBA. PUBLICATIONS. 

The Smithsonian Institution receives the publications of the following learned 
societies of Cuba: 

HAVANA. 

Academia de ciencias medicas, fisicas y naturales de la Habana. 
Academia elemental de ciencias y letras de la Habana. 
Acclimatation Station. 

Administracion General de Comunicacion de la Isla de Cuba. 
Administracion General de Correos de la Isla de Cuba. ( Post-office Department. ) 
"Archivos de la Policlinica." 
Bar Association. 
Biblioteca Piiblica. 
Botanical Garden. 
La Cartera Cubana. 

"Cronica Medico-quirurgica de la Habana." 
Escuela Medico-Dental. 
Escuela de Sordo Mudos y Ciegos. 
Facultad de Medicina. 

"Havana Weekly Report." (Inspeccion General de Tel^rafos. [»S'ee Administra- 
cion General de Comunicacion es de la Isla de Cuba.] ) 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 409 

Institute de Segunda Ensenanza de la Habana. 

Libreria Especial Pedagogia. 

Marine Meteorological Service. 

' ' Minerva. ' ' 

"MisceMnico (El)." 

Museo de Historia Natural. 

Observatorio Fisico-Meteorologico de la Habana. 

Observatorio Naval. 

Observatorio del Eeal Colegio de Belen. 

' ' Progreso Medico ( El ) . " 

Real Sociedad Economica de la Habana. 

Real Universidad de la Habana. 

" Revista de Ciencias MMicas." 

"Revista de Foro." 

"Revista General de Comunicaciones." 

Revista Habanera. 

Sociedad Antropologica de la Isla de Cuba. 

Sociedad Medico-quirurgica de la Habana. 

SANTA CLARA. 

Estacion Agronomica. 

• SANTIAGO DE CUBA. 

"Cuba Masonica." 

Academia de ciencias, Habana. Anales. (Monthly) 

V. 36 (1900), Jan., Feb., Apr., Kov./Dec, 1899 (1 double no.), Sept., .Tan. /May (quintuple 
no.) 
Academia de ciencias raedicas, fisicas y naturales, Havana. Comision de la medi- 
cina legal e higiene publica. Trabajos. 8°. 

V. 3, 1874. ^ 

See also Real Academia de ciencias m^dicas, fisicas y naturales. 
Archivos de la policlmica: revista mensual redactada por los profesores de la policl- 
inica, Habana. 

V. 3 (1895), nos. 7, 10, 12, lacks nos. 1-6, 8-9, 11; v. 4 (1896), lacks no. 8; v. 5 (1897); v. 6 
(1898), nos. 1-3, 12, lacks nos. 4-11; v. 7 (1899), lacks no. 12; v. 8 (1900), nos. 2, 8, 13, 
14,15 (Apr. 22). 

Circulo de hacendados de la Isla de Cuba, Habana. Revista de agricultura. 
(Monthly.) 

1886, nos. 1-6, lacks 7-12; 1881, nos. 1-8, lacks 9-12; 1880, complete; 1879, complete. 

<> Cronica medico-quirurgica de la Habana: revista quincenal ilustrada. Fundata y 
dirigida por el Dr. D. J. Santos Fernandez, Havana. 

V. 12 (1886), (monthly), dup. nos. 7 (July), 9 (Sept.), 1 (Jan.), 3, 4, 6, complete; v. 13 
(1887); V. 14 (1888), dup. no. 2 (Feb.), (monthly), complete; v. 15 (1889); v. 16 (1890), 
lacks no. 10; v. 17 (1891), lacks nos. 6-9; v. 18 (1892), no. 21 (Nov.), (semi-m.); v. 19, 
(1893); V. 20 (1894), (semi-m.), dup. nos. 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, lacks nos. 4-5, 7-8, 12, 14, 17; 
22, 24; V. 21 (1895), (semi-m.), no. 21 dup. vol., lacks no. 2; v. 22 (1896), dup. no. 14 
(July), (semi-m.), complete; v. 23 (1897), dup. no. 10 (May), (semi-m.), lacks no. 11, 
V. 24 (1898), (semi-m.), lacks no. 7; v. 25 (1899), (semi-m.), lacks no. 14; v. xxvi 
(1900), nos. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, lacks 3, 5, 9-24. 

Escuela general preparatoria y especiales de esta ciudad. Acto solemne de la dis- 
tribucion de premios a los alumnos e inauguracion del ano academico 
de 1857 a 1858, presidido por el excmo. senor gobernador superior civil y 
capitan general, el domingo 27 de septiembre. Habana, Imprenta del 
Tiempo, 1857. 24 pp. 8°. 
<^ Escuela medico-dental, Habana. Revista de medicina y cirugia dental, director 0. 
Ignacio Rojas. (Monthly.) 

V. 1 (1895) (semi-m.), nos. 1-2, 4, 5, 6. v. 4 (1898), lacks nos. 8-12; v. 3 (1897), lacks nos. 
1-2,7; V. 2 (1896), lacks nos. 4-6 (semi-m.) 



r 



410 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Liceo de Matanzas. Seccion de ciencias fisicas y naturales. Anuario. 

V. 1 (1866), 162 pp., incomplete. 
Policlinica semanario cientifico, Habana. Archives, Habana, J. A. Casanova. 

V. 8 (1800), no. 16 (Apr. 29) . 
Progreso medico: periodico mensual de medicina, cirujia y ciencias, director, funda- 
dor y propietario Dr. Gabriel Casuso, Havana. 

V. 6, nos. 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 11; lacks 3, 4, 6-7, 10, 12. 
Real Academia de ciencias medicas, ffsicas y naturales de la Habana. Anales. 

V. 1 (1864); V.2 (1865); v. 3 (1866); v.4 (1867): v. 5 (1868); v.6 (18691; v. 8 (1871); v. 12 
(1875-6), lacks pp. 350-60; v. 13 (1877) , March wanting; v. 20 (1883), lacks 230-8; v. 21 
(1884), June 15; v. 22 (1886), lacks 259-61; v. 26 (1890), lacks no. 299; v. 27 (1890), June 
15; V. 35 (1898), Sept.-Dec; v. 36 (1899), Sept.-Aug. 

Estadistica demografico sanitaria d« la Habana, aiio de 1893 (algunas notas 

relativas al asunto), por el Dr. U. de ia Guardia; publicada en los Anales 
de ia Academia. Habana, Sarachaga y H. Miyares [1894] 13 pp. 11 
tables. 8°. 

HistoriadeUredo (1) cocfvoro; por el Dr. D. Jose Eduardo Ramos. Informe 

de la comision nombrada por la Real Academia de ciencias medicas, fisicas 
y naturales de la Habana para investigar la causa de la enf ermedad de 
los cocoteros de la Isla de Cuba y buscar el remedio oportuno. Sesion del 
8 de enero de 1882. [no title-page] 37 pp. 

Una responsabilidad de nuestros cafes, trabajo leido en las sesiones celebradas 

los dias 8 de noviembre y 8 de diciembre de 1895, por el Dr. D. Antonio 
de Cordon y de Acosta. Habana, Imprenta "El Figaro," 1896. 42pp. 8°. 

Consideraciones acerca de la topografia medica en general, y en particular 

sobre las de la villa de Cuanabacoa e Isla de Pinos; por el Dr. Jose de la 
Luz Herniindez. Sesiones del 23 de diciembre de 1877, 13 y 27 de enero 
de 1878. Vease Anales t. xiv, pdginas 499, 519 y 529. [Reprint] 27 pp. 
no imprint. 

Informe sobre el " Proyecto de un canal de desagiie para la ciudad de la Ha- 

bana," redactado por el socio de merito Sr. D. Francisco de Albear y Lara. 
Sesion piiblica ordinaria del 28 de setiembre de 1879. [no title-page] 31 
pp. 

- Reglamento. Habana, Imp. la Antilla, 1871. 8 pp. incomplete. 8°. 

- Higiene colonial en Cuba, trabajo leido en las sesiones celebradas los dias 24 
de febrero y 10 de marzo de 1895, por el Dr. D.' Antonio de Cordon y de 
Acosta. Habana, Sarachaga y H. Miyares, 1895. 57 pp. 8°. 

- Trabajos de la comision de medicina legal e higiene piiblica de la Academia 
de ciencias medicas . . . desde su fundacion. Tomo iii. Habana, 
Imprenta "La Antilla," 1874. 8°. 

Real junta de fomento y Real Sociedad economica de la Habana. Anales. (Monthly) 
V. 1 (1849), nos. 2-6 (Aug.-Dec), 5 parts, lack no. 1; v. 2 (1850, Jan.-June), 6 nos.; v. 3 
(18.50), nos. 1-5. 

Anales ymemorias. 

V. 2 (1855), 1856; V. 3 (quincenl, 1856), 1856-57; v. 1, 3 parts (semanal, 1853), 1854; 4 series, 
V. 7 (1861-63), V. 8 (1863-4), v. 1 (1858), v. 2 (1859). 

See also Real Sociedad economica. 
Real Sociedad econemica, Habana. Memorias. (Monthly) 

1817, lack nos. 1-3, 5-7, 10-11 (nos. 1-12) ; 1818, lack nos. 13, 15, 18, 20-22 (nos. 12-24) ; 1824, 
lack nos. 50, 54-60 (nos. 49-60). v. 15 (1842); v. 16 (1843); v. 17 (1343); v. 18 (1844), 
lacks no. 1; v. 19 (1845), lacks no. 3; v. 20 (1845). 2d. rier. Tomo 1 (1846), 2 (1846), 2 
(1847), no. 11, 3 (1847), 4 (1847), 5 (1848) , lacks no. 1, 6 (1848-49), 7 (1849), no. 1-3 Apr.- 
June, 3 nos. 

See also Sociedad patriotica, 1842. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 411 

Eeal Sociedad econemica, Habana. ■ Memorias. (Monthly). Eelacion historica de 
los beneficios hechos d la Real Sociedad economica, casa de beneficencia 
y demiis dependencias de aquel cnerpo, por el escmo. Senor Don Fran- 
cisco Dionisio Vives. Escrita por las comisiones reunidas de ambas cor- 
poraciones. Habana, Iraprenta del Gobierno y capitania general, 1832. 
36, (1) pp. 4°. 
See also Real Sociedad economica de amigos del pais. 

Estatutos. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 1846. 39 pp. 8°. 

Reglamento que debe observarse en la Biblioteca de la. Habana, Imp. del 

Gobierno, 1858. 32 + (7) pp. 8°. 

Documentos relativos tl la instalacion de la, en la casa niimero 60, calle de 

dragones, el dia 6 de julio del corriente afio. Habana, Imp. de Gobierno, 
1856. 48 pp. 16°. 

Memorias y anales de fomento serie 5^ Dir. Alvaro Reynoso. 

V. 9 (July-Dec. 1864); v. 10 (1865) ; v. 11 (1866) nos. 1-2, lacks nos. 3-12. 

See also Real junta de Fomento y Real Sociedad Economica. 
Real Sociedad Economica de amigos del pais de la Habana. Acta. 

(1829), 1830, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1855. 

Habana, Imprenta del Tiempo, 1862. 55 pp. 8°. 

— Exposiciones de agricultura, industria y bellas artes. Habana, Imp. del 

Gobierno, 1862. 27 pp. 8°. 

Acta de las juntas generales que celebro, en los deas 15, 16 y 17 de diciem- 

bre de 1856. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 1857. 84 pp. 8°. 

Acta de las juntas generales que celebro, en los dias 17, 18 y 19 de diciembre 

de 1857. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 1858. 63 pp. 8°. 

Acta de las juntas generales que celebro, en los dias 21, 22 y 24 de diciembre 

del ano de 1858. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 1859. 32 pp. 8°. 
, Juntas generales. Habana, Imp. del Tiempo, 1862. 55 pp. 8°. 

Actas de las juntas generales que celebro, en los dias 27 de febrero y 1 de 

junio del afio de 1871. Habana, Imp. y Encuadernacion, Sociedad de 
Operarios, 1871. 31 pp. 8°. 
See also Sociedad Economica de amigos del pais. 

Memoria de aiio 1899 presentada en la sesion de 9 de enero de 1900, conme- 

morando el 107° anniversario de la fundacion de la sociedad, por el secre- 

tario Ramon Meza. Habana, Imp. "la Universal," 1900. 69 pp. 8°. 
Real Sociedad Patriotica, Habana. Sucinta noticiti del ramo de la cera en la Isla de 

Cuba d fines de marzo del aiio de 1815, [por 0. Boloix] Habana, Oficina ^ 

de Arazoza y Soler, [1815] 10 pp. 4°. 
Revista de Agricultura. See Circulo de Hacendados de la Isla de Cuba. 
Revista de medicina y cirugia de la Habana. Director Fundador: Sr. Jose a. Fresno 

y Bastiony. (Semimonthly.) 

V. 5 (1900) lacks nos. 2-3, 5, 7, 9-24; v. 4 (1899) lacks nos. 1-20. 
Sociedad anonima titulada: la colonizadora, Habana. Estatutos. Habana, imprenta t-^ 

del Tiempo, 1857. 15 pp. 8°. 
Sociedad antropologica de la isla de Cuba. Boletin. Tomo 1. Nos. 1-6. Habana, 

Establecimento tipogrdfico de Soler, Alvarez y compaiiia, 1885. 3 pp. 

8°. 

Boletin. 

v.'l (1885) nos. 1-6. 

Sociedad de Estudios Clinicos de la Habana. Archivos: Revista de medicina prdc- 
tica, directores Doctores Antonio Rodriguez Ecay y Gustavo Lopez. 
Habana, imprenta El Aerolito. 

V. 7 (1896); irregular; v. 8 (1897-98) [20 nos. Jan. 1897-Dec. 1898] lacks no. 16; v. 9 
(1899) [8 nos. Feb.-Oct. 1899] lacks no. 7; v. 1 (1881); v. 2 (1882); v. 3 (1888); v. 4 
(1890); Y. 5 (1895) bienio de 1890 & 1892; v. 6 bienio de 1892 A, 1894, 1895. 



412 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Sociedad de Higiene de la Habana. La iglesia y la cremaciun, discurso leido en la 
sesion celeb rada el dia 11 de diciembre de 1893 por el vocal Dr. Antonio 
de Gordon y de Acosta. Havana, imprenta "la Moderna," 1893. 19 pp. 
8°. 

Higiene del ciclismo en Cuba, discurso leido en la sesion celebrada el dia 19 

de febrero de 1894 por el vocal Dr. D. Antonio de Gordon y de Acosta. 
Havana, A. Miranda, 1894. 16 pp. 8°. 

Los incendios, los bomberos y la higiene, trabajo leido en la sesion celebrada 

el dia 5 de julio de 1894, por el vocal Dr. D. Antonio de Gordon y de 
Acosta. Havana, "la Moderna," 1894. 73 pp. 8°. 

Sociedad general del credito moviliario y fomento cubano, Habana. Estatutos y 
reglamento. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 1857. 24 pp. 12°. 

Sociedad general del credito territorial cubano, Habana. Estatutos y reglamento. 
Habana, imprenta del Tiempo, 1857. 16 pp. 8°. 

Sociedad patriotica, de la Havana. Estatutos. Havana, imp. de la Capitania Ge- 
neral, 1793. 25 pp. 8°. 

Sociedad Patriotica, Habana. Memorias. 

V. 15 (1842); V. 1 (1836) lacks no. 1; v. 2 (1836); v.3 (1836-37); v. 4 (1837); v. 5(1837-38); 
V. 6 (1838); v. 7 (1838-39) lacks nos.S9,42; v. 8 (1839); v. 9, (1839-40); v.ilO (1840); v. 11 
(1840); V. 12 (1841-42); v. 13 (1841-42); v. 14 (1842). 

Havana Sociedad de socorros mutuos La Tutelar. Reglamento. Havana, Impr. del 
"Avisador Comercial," 1886. 18 pp. 8°. 

ARTICLES IN PERIODICALS. 

1825. Cuba without war. A. H. Everett. Scribners, 11 (April 1876), 876. 
1829. Cuba. The physical, statistical, and political features. Southern Review, vol. 4 
(Nov. 1829), 285-321. 

Review of Humboldt's Essai politique; Huber's Aperou; Sagra's Anales, 1827-2}. 

1829. Cuba. Review of Abbot's Letters. By W. Phillips. Christian Examiner, 
vol. 6 (May 1829), 259; North American Review, vol. 29 (July 1829), 199. 

1829. Political and statistical account of Cuba, Humboldt's. For. quarterly, vol. 3 

(Jan. 1829), 400; Museum of foreign literature, vol. 14 (May 1829), 444. 
Review of Humboldt's works, with copious extracts. 

1830. Slave trade. Electric Review, vol. 52 (July 1830), 22. 

Considers the slave trade upon information furnished by Humboldt's "Personal 
narrative." 

1830. Cuba. Statistical account. American Quarterly Review, vol. 7 (June 1830), 

475. 

Review of " Cuadro eistadistieo," with copious extracts. 

1831. History of Cuba. American Quarterly Review, vol. 10 (Sept. 1831), 230. 

Survey of the history of Cuba to 1761, drawn from Arrate's History. 

1831. Voyages en Amerique. L'ile de Cuba. Eugene Ney. Revue des deux Mon- 
des, vols. 3, 4, 445. 

1836. Letters on Cuba, by a French gentleman. Blackwood, vol. 40 (Sept. 1836), 

323. 

1837. Slavery in Cuba. F. W. P. Greenwood. Christian Examiner, vol. 23 (Sept. 

1837), 82. 

1840. The currency of Cuba. Hunt's Merch. Mag., vol. 2 (June 1840) , 531. 

Letter from a merchant in Havana, Nov. 20, 1839. 

1841. Les esclaves dans les colonies espagnoles. Comtesse Merlin. Revue des deux 

Mondes, vol. 41 (June 1, ]841), 734. 
1842-43. Commerce of Cuba. Hunt's Merch. Mag., 7 (Oct. 1842), 319; 9 (Oct. 1843), 
337. 

statistics of imports and exports, 18 J9-42. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 413 

1844. Letters from Cuba. R. B. Kimball. Knickerbocker, vol. 24 (Nov. 1844), 
449; (Dec. 1844), 545. Vol. 25 (Jan. 1845), 1; (Feb. 1845), 145. Vol. 
26 (July-Dec. 1845) , 36, 383, 544. 

Sympathetic descriptions of the social and political condition of Cuba. 

1844. Present state of Cuba. Democratic review, vol. 15 (Nov. 1844), 475. 

Consists of a reprint of a " Memorial on the present state of Cuba, addressed to the 
Spanish Government by a native of the island," with some preliminary observations. 

1845. The Countess Merlin's letters from the Havana. J. F. Otis. Godey, vol. 30 

(May 1845), 211. 

On the manners and customs of Cuba. 

1845. Le traite a Cuba et le droit de visite. X. Durrieu. Rev. d. d. mondes, vol. 
61 (Mar. 1, 1845), 899. 

Review of J. A. Saco's " La supresion del trdflco de esclavos africanos en la isla de Cuba. 

1847. L' lie de Cuba et la liberte commercialeaux colonies. Felix Clave. Revue des 

deux mondes, vol. 18 (Juin 1847), 842. 
1847. Cuba: audits political economy. G. L. Ditson. Hunt's merch. mag., vol. 

17 (Sept. 1847), 265. 
1849. Cuba: political conditions, etc. Democratic review, vol. 25 (Sept. 1849), 193. 
Criticises President Taylor's proclamation against filibusters and favors acquisition 
of Cuba. 

1849. Cuba: the key of the Mexican Gulf, with reference to the coast trade of the 
United States. Hunt's merch. mag., vol. 2. (Nov. 1849), 519. 
Advocates acquisition of Cuba. 

1849. Commerce and resources of Cuba. Hunt'smerch. mag., vol. 21 (July 1849), 34. 
Translated from the " Diario de la marina," Havana, Jan. 1849. Brief survey of the 
growth of commerce from 1828 to 1847. 

1829. The island of Cuba: its resources, progress, and prospects. Dublin review, 
vol. 27 (Sept. 1849), 123. 

Review of Madde n's book on the slave trade. 

1849. Letters from Cuba. W. C. Bryant. Littell's living age, vol. 22 (July 1849), 11. 

1849. The poetry of Cuba. H. W. Hurlbut. North American review, vol. 68 (Jan. 

1849), 137. 
1859. A trip to Cuba. J. W. Howe. Atlantic, vol. 3 (May, June, 1859), 601, 686; 
(Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., 1859), 184, 323, 455, 602. 

1850. The attack on Cuba (Lopez expedition). Littell's living age, vol. 26 (July 

2, 1850), 141. 

Editorials from the Examiner of London. 

1850. Cuba et la propagande annexioniste. G. d'Alaux. Revue des deux mondes, 

vol. 83 (July 15, 1850), 363. 
1850. Cuba — its position, dimensions, and population. J. C. Reynolds. De Bow's 

review, vol. 8 (April 1850), 313. 
1850. The island of Cuba. Its resources, progress, and prospects. Hogg's instructor, 

N. S., vol. 4, (285). 
1850. The late Cuban expedition (Lopez) : Military spirit of our country; its dangers, 

our natural duties, etc. J. B. De Bow. De Bow's review, vol. 9 (Aug. 

1850), 164. 

In favor of Cuban acquisition. 

1850. The Cuban expedition. Brownson's quarterly review, N. S., vol. 4 (Oct. 
1850), 490. 

Review of Kimball's Cuba and the Cubans. Denounces the Lopez expedition and 
disapproves the policy of annexation. 

1850. The island of Cuba. Frasier's magazine, vol. 42 (July 1850), 107; Littell's 
living age, vol. 26 (Aug. 24, 1850), 347. 

On the political and commercial importance of Cuba in " the sight of both England 
and America." 



414 HAINDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1850. Cuba and the Cubans, Kimball's. E. W. Griswold. Littell, vol. 25 (May 
1850), 374. 

1850. General Lopez, the Cuban patriot. Democratic review, vol. 26 (Feb. 

1850), 97. 
Favorable. 

1851. The United States and Cuba. Dublin Univ. mag., vol. 37 (June 1851), 763. 

Review of J. G. Taylor's The United States and Cuba. 

1851. Cuba and the Slave States. Colburn's new monthly magazine, vol. 93 (Oct. 
1851), 218. 

Hostile to American desig'ns on Cuba. 

1851. Narciso Lopez and his companions. Democratic review, vol. 29 (Oct. 
1851), 291. 

Sympathetic sketch. 

1851. La societe et la litterature a Cuba. C. de Mazade. Revue des deux mondes, 

vol. 88 (Dec. 15, 1851), 1017. 

1852. The invasion of Cuba (Lopez expedition). So. Q. rev., vol. 5 (Jan. 1852), 1. 
1852. The Cuban debate. Democratic review, vol. 31 (Nov. and Dec. 1852), 433. 

On the debate December 23 upon the Cuban resolution. Criticises Mason and Cass. 

1852. The late Cuban state trials. Democratic review, vol. 30 (Apr. 1852), 307. 
On the trials of filibusters at New Orleans and New York. 

1852. Cuba, adventures in (Lopez expedition). L. Schlesinger. Democratic re- 
view, vol. 31 (Sept. 1852) , 210; (Oct. 1852), 352; (Nov. and Dec. 1852), 553. 
By a participant. 

1852. Recollections of Cuba. W. E. Surtees. Colburn, vol. 94 (Feb. 1852), 208. 

1852. The Spaniards at Havana and the Whigs at Washington. Democratic review, 

(Oct. 1852), 326. 

Criticises Pierce's administration. 

1853. Cuba and the United States. The policy of annexation discussed. W. J. 

Sykes. De Bow's review, vol. 14 (Jan. 1853) . 
1853. Cuba and the United States. How the interests of Louisiana would be affected 

by annexation. J. S. Thrasher. De Bow's review, vol. 17 (July 1854), 43. 
1853. La Havane et I'lle de Cuba. J. J. Ampere. Revue des deux mondes, vol. 95 

(July 15, 1853), 305. 
1853. The island of Cuba — past and present. A. W. Ely. De Bow's review, vol. 14 

(Feb. 1853), 93. 
1853. Cuba, independence of. W. J. Sykes. De Bow's review, vol. 14 (May 1853), 

417. 

1853. Three weeks in Cuba. By an artist. Harper's magazine, vol. 6 (Jan. 1853), 161. 

1854. Cuba and the Cubans. H. F. Bond. North American review, 79 (July 

1854), 109. 

Review of Kimball's Cuba and the Cubans; and Everett's letter to the Count de 
Sartiges. 

1854. Cuba and the South. De Bow's review, vol. 17 (Nov. 1854), 519. 
For annexation. 

1854. Cuba and the tripartite treaty. E. B. B. Southern quarterly review, vol. 9 
(Jan. 1854), 1. 

Review of Everett's letter to Lord John Russell, Sept. 21, 1853; Calhoun's letter to 
W. R. King, Aug. 12, 1844. Favors acquisition of Cuba. 

1854. Cuba as it is in 1854. A. W. Ely. De Bow's review, vol. 17 (Sept. 1854), 219. 
Criticism of " Compendio de geografia . . . de la Isla de Cuba." Treats of the Popu- 
lation — Army — Navy — Railroads — Education — Productions. 

1854. Mr. Everett and the Cuban question. W. H. Trescott. Southern quarterly 
review, vol. 25 (Apr. 1854), 429. 

Review of Mr. Everett's letter to Lord John Russell, printed in " The correspondence 
on the proposed tripartite convention relative to Cuba." 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 415 

1855. Annexation of Cuba. Littell, vol. 47 (Dec. 1855), 811. 
Brief article opposing annexation. 

1855. Cuba. The foreign policy of the United States. Western review, vol. 64 

(July 1855), 181. 
1855. Cuba. Its present condition; the revenue, taxes, agricultural industry, etc., 

of the island. A. W. Ely. De Bow's review, vol. 18 (Feb. 1855), 163. 
1855. Reminiscences of Cuba. So. lit. mess., vol. 21 (Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec, 1855), 
566, 593, 700, 745. 

Gives some account of the political events, the deaths of Ram6n Pinto and Estrampes, 
etc., but mostly describes the country, people, etc. 

1855. Spanish and Cuban views of annexation. A. W. Ely. De Bow's review, vol. 18 

(March 1855), 305. 

1856. Cuba: Its state and prospects. LondonQuarterly Review, vol. 7 (Oct. 1857), 98. 
Same. Eclectic magazine, vol. 39, 466. 

Review of Humboldt's Essai Politique; Madden's Cuba; Hurlbut's Gan-Eden, and 
H. A. Murray's Lands of the Slave and Free. 

1859. The acquisition of Cuba. Democratic Review, vol. 43 (Apr. 1859), 1. 
Advocates annexation. 

1859. The acquisition of Cuba. Are the United States justified in demanding the 
immediate surrender of Cuba? Hunt's Merch. Mag., vol. 40 (May 1859), 
562. 

1859. Cuban literature. Chambers, J., vol. 32 (Nov. 5, 1859), 290. Littell, vol. 26 
(Jan. 1860), 37. 

Principally relates to the poems of Heredia and Placido. 

1859. On the acquisition of Cuba. F. 0. J. Smith. Hunt's Merch. Mag., vol. 40 (Apr. 

1859), 403. • 

1859. La question de Cuba aux Etats-Unis et en Europe. J. Ghanut. Revue con- 

temporaine, vol. 43 (Apr. 1859), 470. 
1859. Trade and Commerce of Cuba. Hunt's Merch. Mag., vol. 40, 275. 
1863. The conquest of Cuba. C. C. Hazewell. Atlantic, vol. 12 (Oct. 1863), 462. 

On the English conquest of Havana in 1762 and its restoration by the treaty of 1763; 
with some observations on the historical consequences. 

1865. The Chinese in Cuba. H. B. Auchinloss. Hunt's Merch. Mag., vol. 52 (Mar. 
1865) , 186. 

In relation to slave labor. 

1865. Sugar making in Cuba. H. B. Auchinloss. Harper's Magazine, vol. 30 (Mar. 

1865), 440. 

1866. Cuba et les Antilles. E. Duvergier de Hauranne. Revue des deux Mondes, 

Sept. 1, 15, Oct. 1, 1866. 
1866. Cuba: Its resources and destiny. National Quarterly Review, vol. 14 (Dec. 
1866), 35. 

Review of Ram6n de la Sagra. Historia, etc. 

Torre J. M. de la Humboldt. Essai politique. 

Compendio de geogr., etc. 

Dana. To Cuba and back; Abbot. Letters. 

1868. "La reina de las Antillas." Lippincott, vol. 1 (Apr. 1868), 423. 

Descriptive sketch. 

1869. Cuba sous la domination Espagnole. V. de Rochas. Revue Contemporaine, 

vol. 105 (Aug. 1869), 635. 

The English translation was published in pamphlet form. See p. 19 of this list. 

1869. The Cuban case. E. L. Godkin. Nation, vol. 9 (Sept. 30, 1869), 264. 
Disapproves recognition of Cuban belligerency. 

1869. L'esclayage a Cuba depuis la revolution de 1868. A. Cochin. Revue des 
deux Mondes, vol. 81 (May 1, 1869), 158. 



416 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1869. Les Antilles espagnoles et la politique des Etats-Unis. Revue contemporaine, 

vol. 103 (Mar. 1869), 138. 
1869. L'insurrectioncubaine, caresses, incidens, solution possible. A.Cochut. Revue 

des deux Mondes, vol. 188 (Nov. 15, 1869), 43. 
1869. The Cuban insurrection. The Nation, vol. 8 (April 15, '869), 288. 
Opposes recognition of Cuban belligerency. 

1869. Our supposed sympathy with Cuba. A. G. Sedgwick. The Nation, vol. 24 
(July 8, 1869), 24. 
Hostile to Cuba. 

1869. The revolution in Cuba. W. W. Nevin. Lippincott, vol. 3 (Mar. 1869), 339. 

1870. Cuba and Spain. Putnam, vol. 15 (Jan. 1870), 9. 

Urges interference by the United States. 

1870. Coffee grounds of Cuba. All the Year Round, vol. 24 (June 18, 1870), 61. 

1870. Impressions of Cuba. R. K. Monthly Rel. Mag., vol. 43 (Jan., June, 1870), 

66, 562. 

1871. Life in Cuba. H. S. Conant. Harper's Magazine, vol. 43 (Aug. 1871), 350. 
1871. Prison life in Cuba. All the Year Round, vol. 25 (Feb. 4, 1871), 222. 

1873. Cuba: Commercial relations with the United States; geography, climate, and 
products. The Republic, vol. 1 (Aug. 1873), 325. 
Forms Cuban independence. 

1873. The Cuban insurrection. Edinburgh Review, vol. 138 (Oct. 1873), 395. 
1873. Cuba and the Cuban insurrection. W. J. Starks. Scribner's Monthly, vol. 6 
(May 1873), 10. 

Sympathetic in tone toward Cuba. 

1873. The " Virginius."^ J. N. Pomeroy; E. L. Godkin. The Nation, vol. 17 (Nov. 

20, 1873), 332. 

1874. The great Cuban difficulty. G. A. Sala. Belgravia, vol. 22 (Jan. 1874), 311. 

1874. La question cubaine. Six ans d' insurrection. Rev. d. d. Mondes, vol. 214 

(Mar. 15, 1374), 434. 

1875. Free glances at Cuba. G. A. F. Van Rhyn. Appleton's Journal, vol. 13 

(Mar. 1875), 353. 

Sketches of life in Cuba. 

1875. The Cuban scare and the press. A. G. Sedgwick. The Nation, vol. 21 (Nov. 

1875), 335. 

1876. The state of Cuba. R. B. Mintarn. The Nation, vol. 22 (Feb. 17, 1876) , 110. 
1879. Our commerce with Cuba, Porto Rico, and Mexico. C. C. Andrews, Atlantic, 

vol. 44 (July, 1879), 81. 
1881. The currency and commerce of Cuba. D. P. Bailey. Banker's Magazine. 

vol. 35, (Mar. 1881), 697. 
1881. Impressions of Havana and Cuba. W. H. Bishop. The Nation, vol. 32 (May 

5, 1881), 312. 

On the lottery, mode of life, political jobbery, etc. 

1892. La explotacion de una colonia. Ensayo historico, crftico sobre los subsidies 
de Cuba a la nacion. Manuel Villanova. Revista Cubana, Tomo 16 
(Sept. 1892), 157. 

1892. Sjiain and the United States. R. Ogden. Chautauquan, vol. 14, p. 565. 

1893. Mr. Marcy, the Cuban Question, and the Ostend Manifesto. S. Webster. 

Political Science Quarterly, vol. 8 (Mar. 1893), 1. 

1893. Business Opportunities in Cuba. E. J. Chibas. Engineering mag., vol. 4, p. 

266. 

1894. Filibustering Expeditions to Cuba in 1860. R.F.Logan. Southern Magazine, 

vol. 4, p. 608. * 

1894. Tertiary and later history of Cuba. R. T. Hill. American Journal of Science, 
vol. 148, p. 196. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 417 

1894. Women of Cuba. M. E. Springer. North American Review, vol. 158 (Feb. 

1894), 255. 

1895. The Spanish colonies. Spectator, vol. 74 (Apr. 6, 1895), 453. 
1895. Symposium. Independent, Dec. 5, 1895. 

1895. Struggle for freedom. J. F. Clark. Cosmopolitan, vol. 19, p. 608. 

1895. Struggle for freedom. M.Garcia. Mo. Illus. May, vol. 11 (Oct. 1895), 227. 

1895. Spain and Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 60 (Apr. 25, 1895) , 319. 

1895. A Ghmpse of Cuba. J. K. Reeve. Lippincott, vol. 55 (Mar. 1895), 319. 

1895. Cuba — How it might have belonged to France. G. Colmache. Littell's Living 

Age, vol. 207, p. 696. 
1895. Ought we to annex Cuba? F. R. Coudert and others. American Mag. of 

Civics, vol. 7, p. 37. 
1895. Problem of Cuba. Spectator, vol. 75 (Sept. 21, 1895), 357. 
1895. Revolt in Cuba — its causes and effects. A native Cuban. Engineering mag. , 

vol. 10, p. 9. 
1895. Shall Cuba be free? Clarence King. Forum, vol. 20 (Sept. 1895), 50. 
1895. Situation in Cuba. S. Alvarez. Mo. am., vol. 161, p. 362. 
1895. Cuba's struggle for freedom. J.F.Clark. Cosmopolitan, vol. 19 (Oct. 1875), 608. 

1895. Sympathy for Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 61, p. 250. 

1896. Commercial relations between Cuba and the United States. E. S. Gould. 

Engineering mag., vol. 7, p. 500. 
1896. Cuba, our neighbor in the sea. F. H. Osborne. Chautauquan, vol. 23 (May 

1896), 202. 
1896. Our Cuban neighbors and their struggle for liberty. M. Halstead. Review of 

reviews, vol. 13 (Apr. 1896), 419. 
1896. Claims of Cuba for self-government. R. Cabrera. Gunton's magazine, vol. 11, 

p. 423. 
1896. Fjre and m6rd in Cuba. Clarence King. Forum, vol. 22 (Sept. 1896), 31. 
1896. Five weeks with the insurgents. H. Howard. Contemporary review, vol. 69 

(Jan. 1896), 41. 
1896. Industrial Cuba. E. Vasquez. Gunton's magazine, vol. 10, p. 447. 
1896. Industrial possibilities of Cuba. R. Cabrera. Engin. mag., vol. 11, p. 875. 
1896. Negroes in Cuba and the revolution. Gunton's magazine, vol. 11, p. 272. 
1896. Cuba and the United States. National magazine, vol. 27, p. 449. 
1896. The question of Cuban belligerency. J. B. Moore. Forum, vol. 21 (May 

1896), 288. 
1896. Recognition of belHgerency of Cuba. A. S. Hersbey. Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., 

vol. 7, p. 450. 
1896. Grant's precedent on recognition of Cuba. The Nation, vol. 62 (Feb. 13, 1896) , 

137. 
1896. A Cuban catechism. A. C. Sedgwick. Nation, vol. 62 (Mar. 12, 1896), 211. 
1896. Causes of present war in Cuba. H. L. De Zayes. Catholic world, vol. 62 

(Mar. 1896), 807. 
1896. Our duty to Cuba. H. C. Lodge. Forum, vol. 21 (May 1896), 278. 

1896. Question of Cuba. J. Maurice Kelley. New review, vol. 15, p. 144. 

1897. Insurrection in Cuba and American neutrality. American law review, vol. 31 

(Jan., Feb.), 62. 
1897. The wanton destruction of American property in Cuba. Fernando A. Yznaga. 

Forum, vol. 22 (Jan. 1897), 571-574. 
1897. Spain's extortion from. Raimundo Cabrera. Gunton's magazine, vol. 12 (Jan. 

1897), 27-32. 
1897. The United States and Cuba: A new Armenia. W. Hallett Philips. National 

review, vol. 28 (Jan. 1897), 598-604. 

159a— 05 27 



418 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1897. Eeview of reviews, vol. 15. 

Death of Maceo, p. 10. 

Mr. Cleveland on the rebellion, p. 10. 

Canovas to America, p. 11. 

Cameron resolution, p. 11. 

Cuban outlook, pp. 12, 258. 

Cuban question at Washington, pp. 69, 134, 402. 

Cuban question in Cuba, p. 136. 

American friends of Cuba, p. 137. 

The United States and Cuba, pp. 197-591. 

Spain's reform plan for Cuba, p. 259. 

Cuban revolutionary government, p. 329. 

Real condition of Cuba to-day, p. 562. 

Steps toward relief of Cuba, p. 643. 

Crete and Cuba compared, p. 644. 

Demand for intervention, p. 644. 

Sugar affecting Cuba's fate, p. 645. 
1897. Spain and Cuba. James Howe Babcock. Chautauquan, v(j1. 24 (Feb. 1897), 

584-588. 
1897. The present and future of Cuba. Fidel G. Pierra. Forum, vol. 22 (Feb. 1897), 

659-672. 
1897. Cycling in Cuba. C. P. Sweeny. Outing, vol. 29 (Feb. 1897), 424. 
1897. Cuba and the Cubans. Chambers's journal, vol. 74 (Mar. 6, 1897), 153-155. 
1897. International law and Cuba. Joseph French Johnson. Citizen, vol. 3 (Mar. 

1897), 5-7. 
1897. Analysis of Cuban population. Raimundo Cabrera. Gunton's magazine, vol. 

12 (Mar. 1897), 186-190. 
1897. The United States and Cuba. Henri Rochefort. Forum, vol. 23 (Apr. 1897), 

155-162. 
1897. The Cuban insurrection. Leon Aldama del Monte. Pall Mall magazine, vol. 

12 (May 1897), 115-127. 
1897. The real condition of Cuba to-day. Stephen Bonsai. Review of reviews, 

vol. 15, (May 1897), 562-576. 
1897. The Cuban revolt. Current history, vol. 7 (June 30, 1897), 338. 
1897. Cuba, Spain, and the United States. Charles Benoist. Chautauquan, vol. 25 

(July 1897), 384-388. 

"Translated from 'Revue des deux mondes.' ' 
1897. Why Spain has failed in Cuba. Thomas Gold Alvord, jr. Forum, vol. 23 

(July 1897), 564-576. 
1897. The United States and the liberation of the Spanish-American colonies. M. 

Romero. North American review, vol. 165 (July 1897), 70-86. 
1897. The provisional government of the Cubans. Thomas W. Steep. Arena, vol. 18 

(Aug. 1897), 226-231. 
1897. Some economic aspects of Cuba. C. A. Harris. Economic journal, vol. 7 

(Sept. 1897), 435. 
1897. The object lesson of the Cuban war. Leonard Williams. Westminster review, 

vol. 148 (Sept.), 255-262. 
1897. American annexation and armament. Murat Halstead. Forum, vol. 24 (Sept, 

1897), 56-66. 
1897. Is the Cuban capable of self-government? Thomas Gold Alvord, jr. Forum 

vol. 24 (Sept. 1897), 119-128. 
1897, The United States and the Spanish- American colonies: A reply. H. D. Money. 

North American review, vol. 165 (Sept. 1897), 356-363. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 419 

1897. Cuba and Spain. Bryan J. Clinch. Amer. Catholic quarterly rev., vol. 22 

(Oct. 1897), 809-819. 
1897. The new Cuban tariff and British trade. Board of trade j., vol. 23 (Oct. 1897), 

427. 
1897. L'ile deCuba. Etude physique, economiflue, historique et politique. A. Cres- 
cent. Bulletin de la Societe du geographie, vol. 14 (Oct. 1, 1897), 454. 
1897. The situation in Spain. Stephen Bonsai. American monthly review of 

reviews, vol. 16 (Nov. 1897), 555-558. 
1897. Some Cuban photographic sketches (photographs). Thomas R. Dawley, jr.. 

Cosmopolitan, vol. 24 (Nov. 1897), 21-28. 
1897. The Cuban question in its economic, political, and diplomatic aspects. Han- 

nis Taylor. North American review, vol. 165 (Nov. 1897), 610-635. 
1897. The crisis in Spain: The Carlist cause. Marquis de Ruvigny & C. Metcalf; 

Cau'Sagasta save Spain. L. Williams. Fortnightly review, vol. 68 (Dec. 

1897), 875-887. 
1897. The policy of annexation for America (Cuba & Hawaii). James Bryce. 

Forum, vol. 24 (Dec. 1897), 385-395. 

1897. Terms of Cuban autonomy. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 65 (Dec. 30, 1897), 510. 

1898. L'ile de Cuba, ses ressources et le d^veloppement possible de ses relations avec 

la France. A. Hiriart. Journal des economistes, 1898. 
1898. Les Anglais a Cuba au xviii'' siecle. Revue encyclopedique, vol. 8 (1898), 703, 
1898. Revue des travaux publics (1896-1897. ) G. Dumont. Revue encyclopedique. 

vol. 8 (1898), 332-338. 
1898. -Santiago de Cuba. C. de Larsulle. Revue frangaise, vol. 23 (1898), 359. 
1898. L' insurrection Cubaine. G. Vasco. Revue frangaise, vol. 23 (1898), 417. 
1898. Cuban autonomy and Cuban trade. Board of Trade j., vol. 24 (Jan. 1898), 25. 
1898. The Cuban question; the new constitution for Cuba; conciliation; military 

operations; death of Joaquin Ruiz; the rebel government; condition of 

the reconcentrados; Cuba in the President's message; the De Lome inci- 
dent; destruction of the Maine; Cuba in Congress. Current history, vol. 8 

(Jan.-Apr. 1898), 9. 
1898. L'autonomie cubaine et le conflit hispano-americain. A. Merignhac. Revue 

du droit public et de la science politique, vol. 9 (Jan.-June 1898), 

235-286. 
1898. The Spanish Crisis. Blackwood's Edinburgh magazine, vol. 163 (Feb. 1898), 

238-253. 
1898. A test of national character. (The Maine disaster) Nation, vol. 66 (Feb. 24, 

1898), 142. 
1898. The starving Cubans. S. Scovel. Presbyterian Banner (Feb. 23, 1898), 3. 
1898. The destruction of the "Maine." American monthly Rev. of reviews, vol. 17 

(Mar. 1898), 259-262. 
1898. Our duty to Cuba. H. D. Money. Forum, vol. 25 (Mar. 1898), 17-24. 
1898. The situation in Cuba. C. E. Akers. Harper's weekly, vol. 42 (Mar. 12, 

1898), 261. 
1898. (Affairs in) Havana. Harold Martin. Harper's weekly, vol. 42 (Mar. 12,19, 

26, 1898), 262, 270, 294. 
1898. Cuban autonomy or independence? H. White. Nation, vol. 66 (Mar. 10, 

1898), 178. 
1898. The situation in Cuba to-day. Elbert B. Hastings. National magazine, vol. 7 

(Mar. 1898), 551-559. 
1898. Intervention of the United States in Cuba. John H. Latane. North American 

review, vol. 166 (Mar. 1898), 350-361. 
1898. Military life in Cuba. Illustrated. Army and navy journal, vol. 35 (Apr. 23, 

1898), 640. 



420 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1898. War pictures. Illustrated American, vol. 23 (Apr. 30, 1898). 

1898. The "Maine" disaster and after. Fred. T. Jane. Fortnightly review, vol.63 

(Apr. 1898) , 640-649. 
1898. The month in America. (Cuba and the United States; The '"Maine" explo- 
sion) A. Maurice Low. National review, vol. 31 (Apr., 1898), 253-262. 
1898. Cuba and Spain: a historical sketch. Outlook, vol. 58 (Apr. 9, 1898), 909-910. 
1898. The Red cross in Cuba. Clara Barton, as interviewed by Elbert F. Baldwin. 

Outlook, vol. 58 (Apr. 9, 1898), 911-916. 
1898. A practical plan of relief in Cuba. William Willard Howard. Outlook, vol. 

58 (Apr. 9, 1898), 916-919. 
1898. International law and the Cuban question. Thomas H. Shearman. Outlook, 

vol. 58 (Apr. 16, 1898), 986-987. 
1898. The United States and Cuba: 1, The argument for recognizing independence. 

2, The argument for autonomy. A jjlanter in Cuba. 3,' The argument 

for neutrality. William J. Palmer. Outlook, vol. 58 (Apr. 23, 1898), 

1010-1015. 
1898. The President's message. Intervention without recognition. Thomas Jeffer- 
son on Cuba. Public opinion, vol. 24 (Apr. 14, 1898), 451-455. 
1898. L'Espagne et les Etats-Unis. C. Benoist. Revue des deux mondes, vol. 146 

(Apr. 15, 1898), 946. 
1898. Intervention and the recognition of Cuban independence. Amos S. Hershey. 

American academy of political and social science, Annals, vol. 11 (May, 

1898), 53-80. 
1898. Cuba's charter of freedom. A memorable Apr. 19. Impressive unanimity at 

Washington. The "Peace" men awoke a year too late. The "Maine" 

incident caused delay. The long-awaited message. Action in Congress. 

The question of "recognition." American monthly review of reviews, 

vol. 17 (May 1898), 515-519. 
1898. Cuba and her people. William Elroy Curtis. Chautauquan, vol. 27 (May 

1898), 185-190. 
1898. Our war with Spain begun. Illustrated. Portraits. Christian herald, vol. 21 

(May 4, 1898), 390. 
1898. Spain and Cuba. C. H. Lincoln. Citizen, vol. 4 (May 1898), 54-55. 
1898. Seen and heard in Cuba's capital. Illustrated. G. Willetts. Ev'ry month, 

vol. 6 (May 1898), 2. 
1898. Glimpses of Havana and the Havanese. Richard Davy. Fortnightly review, 

vol. 63 (May 1898), 705-722. 
1898. The Spanish-American war. The U. S. and Cuban independence. Fred. J. 

Matheson. The mournful case of Cuba. G. H. D. Gossip. Fortnightly 

rev., vol. 63 (May 1898), 816-843. 
1898. The United States and Cuban independence. Fred. J. Matheson. Living age, 

vol. 217 (May 21, 1898), 505-517. Fortnightly review, vol. 63 (May 1898), 

816-832. 
1898. National geographic magazine, vol. 9 (May 1898) Cuba number: Cuba, with 

maps and illustrations. R. T. Hill. — Origin of West India bird life. 

F. M. Chapman. — Trade of the United States with Cuba. John Hyde. — 

Capt. Charles D. Sigsbee. H. Gannett. 
1898. A Cuban insurgent newspaper. Thomas W. Steep. National magazine, vol. 8 

(May 1898), 147-149. 
1898. Episodes of the month; the irrepressible conflict (U. S. and Cuba); an abomi- 
nation of desolation (Cuba); saving Spain from herself; Sen. Proctor's 

speech, etc. National review, vol. 31 (May 1898), 325-332. 
1898. American affairs. A. Maurice Low. National review, vol. 31 (May 1898), 

403-416. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 421 

1898. England's duties as a neutral. John Macdonell. Nineteenth century, vol. 43 

(May 1898), 693-702. 
1898. Our work and observations in Cuba. Clara Barton. North American review, 

vol. 166 (May 1898), 552-559. 
1898. The insurgent government in Cuba. Horatio S. Rubens. North American 

review, vol. 166 (May 1898), 560-569. 
1898. A Spanish soldier's views on Cuba. Saturday review, vol. 85 (May 7, 1898), 

611-618. 
1898. Virtuous America. Saturday review, vol. 85 (May 14, 1898), 649-650. 
1898. The Cuban i-evolt and the constitution. Edward B. Whitney. Yale review, 

vol. 7 (May 1898), 8-23. 
1898. Ten months with the Cuban insurgents. Emory W. Fenn. Century maga- 
zine, vol. 56 (June 1898), 302-307. 
1898. In Havana just before the war. Frances Courtenay Baylor. Cosmopolitan, 

vol. 25 (June 1898), 127-134. 
1898. Some previous expeditions to tropical coimtries [Havana, 1741, 1762, Nicara- 
gua, 1780] A. W. Greely. Cosmopolitan, vol. 25 (June 1898), 135-142. 
1898. Cuba and her struggle for freedom. Fitzhugh Lee. Fortnightly review, vol 

69 (June 1898), 855-866. Living age, vol. 218 (July 16, 1898), 155-163 

Public opinion, vol. 25 (July 7, 1898), 5, excerpt. 
1898. Our war with Spain: its justice and necessity. J. B. Foraker. Forum, vol 

25 (June 1898), 385-395. 
1898. The Hull army bill. John A. T. Hull. Forum, vol. 25 (June 1898), 396-402 
1898. Cuba and its value as a colony. Robert T. Hill. Forum, vol. 25 (June 1898) 

403-415. 
1898. The war for Cuba. Joseph Edgar Chamberlin. Forum, vol. 25 (June 1898) 

416-425. 
1898. A' century of Cuban diplomacy. 1795 to 1895. Albert Bushnell Hart. Har- 
per's magazine, vol. 97 (June 1898), 127*-134*. 
1898. Cuba under Spanish rule. Fitzhugh Lee. McClure's magazine, vol. 11 (June 

1898), 99-114. 
1898. La guerre Hispano-Americaine et le droit des gens. Rev. des deux mondes, 

vol. 147 (June 1898), 518. 
1898. Spain and the United States: the past and the future. L. G. C. Laughton. 

United Service mag., vol. 138 (June 1898), 303. 
1898. The Cuban insurrection. G. C. Musgrave. Contemporary review, vol. 74 

(July 1898), 1-19. 
1898. The truth .about the "Maine" disaster. H. W. Wilson. National review, 

vol. 31 (July 1898), 671-682. 
1898. The capture of Havana by England, 1762. John Adye. Nineteenth century, 

vol. 44 (July 1898), 116-124. 
1898. The United States and Spain. Quarterly review, vol. 188 (July 1898), 216- 

241. Review of war in Cuba. 
1898. Havana, the Cuban capital and its people. Richard Davey. Self-culture, vol. 7 

(July 1898) , 311-318. 
1898. Mexico and the Hispano-American conflict. Laniger D. Kocen. Westminster 

review vol. 150 (July 1898) 11-17. 
1898. Cuba. Commerce, resources, tariff, etc. Bureau of American republics. 

Monthly bulletin, vol. 6 (Aug. 1898). 
1898. The sanitary regeneration of Havana. George M. Sternberg. Century maga- 
zine vol. 56 (Aug. 1898) 578-583. 
1898. Cuba as seen from the inside. Osgood Welsh. Century magazine, vol. 56 

(Aug. 1898), 586-593. 



422 . HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1898. The dynastic crisis in Spain. A Spaniard. Fortnightly review, vol. 70 (Aug. 

1898), 175-204. 
1898. The Spanish war and the equilibrium of the world. Brooks Adams. Forum, 

vol. 25 (Aug. 1898), 641-651. 
1898. My ride across Cuba. Andrew S. Eowan. McClure's magazine, vol. 11 (Aug. 

1898), 372-379. 
"The story of a secret mission to the Cuban leaders." 

1898. Multiplying difficulties in Cuba. E. Ogden. Nation, vol. 67 (Aug. 4, 1898), 

84-85. 
1898. Disease in Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 67 (Aug. 25, 1898), 144-145. 
1898. The Spaniards in Cuba. Antonio Gonzalo Perez. Nineteenth century, vol. 44 

(Aug. 1898), 196-207. 
1898. The Cuban insurgents; their defects and merits. Oliver 0. Howard. Out- 
look, vol. 59 (Aug. 20, 1898), 973-975. 
1898. La revolution cubaine jusqu'a, I'intervention americaine. E. Bouscon. 

Revue encyclopedique (Aug. 20, 1898), 730. 
1898. Raised shore-lines on Cape Maysi, Cuba. Oscar H. Hershey. Science, n. s., 

vol. 8 (Aug. 12, 1898), 179-180. 
1898. The chase of Cervera. John R. Spears. Scribner's magazine, vol. 24 (Aug. 

1898), 144-152. 
1898. Episodes of the war; the first engagement of American troops on Cuban soil. 

James F. J. Archibald. The affair of the Winslow. John R. Spears. 

The landing of the armj^ Richard- Harding Davis. Scribner's, vol. 24 

(Aug. 1898), 177-186. 
1898. Some economic consequences of the liberation of Cuba. G. Kingsley Olmsted. 

Yale review, vol. 7 (Aug. 1898), 168-179. 
" Cuba and the sugar crisis." 

1898. The occupation of Porto Rico. John A. Church. Am. monthly review of 

reviews, vol. 18 (Sept. 1898), 281-289. 
1898. Cost and finances of the Spanish war. Charles A. Conant. Am. monthly 

review of reviews, vol. 18 (Sept. 1898), 314-320. 
1898. The end of an old song: confessions of a Cuban governor. Blackwood's Edin- 
burgh magazine, vol. 164 (Sept. 1898), 422-435. 
1898. Mineral resources of Cuba, Bureau of American Republics, Monthly bulletin, 

vol. 6, pt. 1 (Sept. 1898), 459. 
1898. Incidents of the Cuban blockade: Walter Russell. Century magazine, vol. 56 

(Sept. 1898), 655-661. 
1898. Life and society in old Cuba: extracts from the journal of Jonathan S. Jenkins. 

Century magazine, vol. 56 (Sept. 1898), 742-752 (Oct. 1898), 941-951. 
1898. The territory with which we are threatened. Whitelaw Reid. Century mag- 
azine, vol. 56 (Sept. 1898), 788-794. 
1898. Some thoughts on the policy of the United States. James Bryce. Harper's 

mag., vol. 97 (Sept. 1898), 609-618. 
1898. What is to be done with Cuba? Mayo W. Hazeltine. No. Amer. rev., vol. 

167 (Sept. 1898), 318-325. 
1898. The archaeology of Cuba. D. G. Bristow. Amer. archaiol., vol. 2 (Oct. 1898), 
1898. Commercial conditions in Cuba. Robert P. Porter. Bur. of Amer. Republics. 

Monthly bulletin, vol. 6, pt. 1 (Oct. 1898) , 581-583. 
1898. Tonnage dues in Cuba. Bur. of Amer. Republic. Monthly bulletin, vol. 6, 

pt. 1 (Oct. 1898), 640-641. 
1898. A diary at Santiago. Frederick W. Ramsden. Fortnightly rev., N. S., vol. 

64 (Oct. 1898), 509-526 (Nov. 1898), 715-725. 
1898. The conduct of the Cubans in the late war. O. O. Howard. Forum, vol. 

26 (Oct. 1898), 152-156. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 423 

1898. The dangers of imperialism. AVilliam MacDonald. Forum, vol. 26 (Oct. 

1898) , 177-187. 
1898. How I landed in Cuba. Phil Kobinson. Good words, vol. 39 (Oct. 1898), 

678-684. 
1898. Our future policy. J.G.Carlisle. Harper's mag., vol. 97 (Oct. 1898), 720- 

728. 
1898. Our war with Spain. Ki chard H. Titherington. Munsey's magazine, vol. 20 

(Oct. 1898-Mar. 1899), 113, 205, 429, 529, 752, 895, vol. 21 (Apr. -Aug. 

1899) , 40, 258, 399, 575, 750. 
1898. Some episodes of the ten years' war in Cuba. A. G. Perez. United Service 

mag., vol. 139 (Oct. 1898), 89. 
1898. Life and society in old Cuba: Extracts from the journal of Jonathan S. 

Jenkins. Century magazine, vol. 57 (Nov. 1898), 148-153 (Dec. 1898), 

310-313. 
1898. Cuba for the Cubans. Antonio Gonzalo Perez. Contemporary rev., vol. 74 

(Nov. 1898), 692-701. Eclectric magazine, vol. 131 (Dec. 1898), 786-792. 
1898. The moral of the Cuban war. Goldwin Smith. Forum, vol. 26 (Nov. 1898), 

282-293. 
1898. Cuba as an allied republic of the United States. Paul Carus. Open court, vol. 

12 (Nov. 1898), 690-693. 
1898. The opinion of a Cuban on annexation. E. F. Rodriguez. Open court, vol. 12 

(Nov. 1898), 700-701. 
1898. The doctrine of intervention. Charles Denby. Forum, vol. 26 (Dec. 1898), 

385-392. 
1898. The commercial argument for Cuban annexation. Edwin F. Atkins. Inde- 
pendent, vol. 50 (Dec. 1, 1898), 1568-1569. 
■1898. Cuba, the picturesque. Henry M. Stegman. Munsey's magazine, vol. 20 

(Dec. 1898), 416^28. 
1898. West Indian gorillas. A picture of the social conditions in Cuba. Felix L. 

Oswald. Open court, vol. 12 (Dec. 1898), 714-719. 
1898. In the rifle-pits [Santiago] Richard Harding Davis. Scribner, vol. 24 (Dec. 

1898), 644-658. 

1898. Cuban pictures. Helen Clergue. Temple bar, vol. 115 (Dec. 1898), 535-546. 

1899. Die geographische ursachen von Spaniens Niedergang. J. Maerker. Geogr. 

Zeitung, vol. 5 (1899), pp. 177-189. 
1899. Die Eroberung Cuba's durch die Vereinigten Staataen und die zukunft der euro- 

paischen zuckerindustrie. Zeitschrift fiir Socialwissensch, jahrg. 1, heft 1 

(1898) 
1899. Our Federal constitution and the government of tropical territories. H. P. 

Judson. Amer. rev. of reviews, vol. 19 (Jan. 1899), 67. 
1899. The Spanish administration in the Philippines. Catholic world, vol. 68 (Jan. 

1899), 531-548. 

Review of Dean C. Worcester's The Philippine islands and their people. 

1899. Annexation, "The open door," and the constitution. Edmund Briggs. Cathol. 

world, vol. 68 (Jan. 1899), 549-555. 
1899. The relation of the United States to their new dependencies. A. T. Mahan. 

Eng. mag., vol. 16 (Jan. 1899), 521. 
1899. The fighting engineers at Santiago. A. Warren. Eng. mag., vol. 16 (Jan. 

1899), 533. 
1899. Colonel Waring on the sanitation of Havana. Forum, 27 (Jan. 1899), 529. 
1899. The palmas of Cuba. J. I. Torralbas. Island of Cuba mag., vol. 1 (Jan. 

1899), 9. 
1899. Climatological architecture. A. C. Vinageras. Island of Cuba mag., vol. 1 

(Jan. 1899), 13. 



424 HANDBOOK OF OUBA. 

1899. La educacion tecnica en Cuba. A. C. Vinageras. Island of Cuba mag., vol. 1 

(Jan. 1899), 27. 
1899. What is to be done with Cuba. A. C. Vinageras. Island of Cuba mag., vol. 1 

(Jan. 1899), 35. 
1899. Remarques sur la guerre hispano-americaine. Le Comte D . Journal d. 

sciences militaires, Jan. 1899. 
1899. Cuban reconstruction. Richard J. Hinton. No. Amer. rev., vol. 168 (Jan. 

1899), 92-102. 
1899. Revelations of American diplomacy. M. de Gauniers. La Nouvelle revue, Jan. 
" Claims to reveal the secret negotiations relative to Cuba from 1820 to 1898." 

1899. The red cross in the Spanish war. M. A. Hamm. Rev. of reviews (Amer.), 

vol. 19 (Jan. 1899), 56. 
1899. The rough riders. Theodore Roosevelt. Scribner's magazine, vol. 25 (Jan.- 

June 1899), 3, 131, 259, 420, 565, 677. 
1899. A ride into Cuba for the red cross. Charles R. Gill. Scribner's magazine, 

vol. 25 (Jan. 1899), 111-118. 
1899. The American debate on expansion. Spectator, vol. 82 (Jan. 14, 1899), 43-44. 
1899. La guerre hispano-americaine. E. B. Spectateur militaire, Jan. 1899. 
1899. Events in Cuba' subsequent to the ten years' war (1878-1895) A. G. Perez. 

United Service mag., vol. 139 (Jan. 1899), 385. 
1899. The character of the Cubans. C. Mearriott. Amer. rev. of reviews, vol. 19 

(Feb. 1899), 176. 
1899. The colonial expansion of the United States. A. Lawrence Lowell. Atlantic 

monthly, vol. 83 (Feb. 1899), 145-154. 
1899. Cuba and Armenia. Talcott Williams. Century magazine, vol. 57 (Feb. 1899), 

634-635. 

"Open letter." 

1899. The mineral resources of the island of Cuba. J. S. Cox, jr. Engineering mag. , 

vol. 16 (Feb. 1899), 745. 
1899. Cuba's industrial problems. Gunton's magazine, vol. 16 (Feb. 1899), 119-131. 
1899. The Spanish -American war. Henry Cabot Lodge. Harper's new monthly 

magazine, vol. 98 (Feb. 1899), 449-464. 
1899. La guerre hispano-americaine. E. Dubor. Revue encyclopedique, vol. 9 (Feb. 

25, 1899), 141. 
1899. Some young Cuban leaders in Cuban reconstruction. Amer. rev. of rev., vol. 

19 (Mar. 1899), 319. 
1899. America's debt to England (in Cuban imbroglio) A. M. Low. Anglo-Amer. 

mag., vol. 1 (Mar. 1899), 148. 
1899. Experiences of a war censor. Grant Squires. Atlantic, vol. 83 (Mar. 1899), 

426. 
1899. Customs tariff of Cuba. Board of trade j., vol. 26 (Mar. 1899), 307. 
1899. The church in Cuba. E. S. Houston. Catholic world, vol. 68 (Mar. 1899), 

794-804. 
1899. The Winslow at Cardenas. J. B. Bernadon. Century, vol. 57 (Mar. 1899), 

698. 
1899. Cable-cutting at Cienfuegos. C. M. Winslow. Century, vol. 57 (Mar. 1899), 

708. . • 

1899. The sinking of the Merrimac. R. P. Hobson. The Century, vol. 57 (Mar. 

1899), 752. 
1899. General Wood at Santiago. H. H. Lewis. Fortnightly rev., vol. 65 (Mar. 

1889), 401. 
1899. A lost Eden: Cuba. F. L. Oswald. Forum, vol. 27 (Mar. 1899), 95-100. 
1899. Campaigning with Gomez. T. R. Dawley. Frank Leslie's popular monthly, 

vol. 47 (Mar. 1899), 536. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 425 

1899. The Spanish-American war. H. C. Lodge. Harper's mag., vol. 98 (Mar. 

1899), 505. 
1899. Americanizing a Cuban city (Santiago) . H. H. Lewis. McOlure, vol. 12 

(Mar. 1899), 460. 
1899. Cuba — her present condition and needs. A. McLean. Missionary review, 

vol. 12 (Mar. 1899), 170. 
1899. The regeneration of Cuba. George Kennan. Outlook, vol. 61 (Mar. 4, 1899), 

497-501. 

Same. Outlook, vol. 61 (Mar. 4, 18, Apr. 8, 15, 29, 1899), 497, 627, 813, 871, 

957. 

Same. Outlook, vol. 62 (May 13, 27, June 10, July 8, 15, 1899) , 109, 202, 334, 

561, 608. 

• Same. Outlook^ vol. 63 (Sept. 9, 16, Oct. 14, 1899), 110, 151, 407. 

1899. Friction in Cuba. George Kennan. Outlook, vol. 61 (Mar. 25, 1899), 675-678. 
" Special letter on General Wood's work." 

1899. The inner history of Cervera's sortie. R. V. Hamilton. U. S. mag., vol. 139 

(Mar. 1899), 607. 
1899. Machine guns in the Spanish-American war. J. H. Parker. LT. S. mag., vol. 

139 (Mar. 1899) 629. 
1899. The rough riders. T. Roosevelt. Scribner's mag., vol. 25 (Mar. 1899), 259. 
1S99. America and "Malay" in Hawaii. W. L. Marvin. Amer. rev. of reviews, 

vol. 19 (Apr. 1898), 457. 
1899. A practical view of Cuba. James M. McGinley. Catholic world, vol. 69 

(Apr. 1899), 72-80. 
1899. The Spanish government versus the nation. H. B. Clarke. Forum, vol. 27 

(Apr. 1899), 156. 
1899. The Indian civil service as a model for Cuba and the Philippines. Sir John 

Jardine. Imperial and Asiatic quarterly review, 3d ser., vol. 7 (Apr. 

1899), 225-241. 
1899. Better days in Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 68 (Apr. 13, 1899), 272. 
1899. The future of Cuba. Robert P. Porter. North Amer. rev., vol. 168 (Apr. 

1899), 418-423. 
1899. Cuban relief: a practical plan. William Willard Howard. Outlook, vol. 61 

(Apr. 29, 1899), 983-966. 
1899. Navires de guerre et batteries de cote. Operations de I'escadre Americaine a 

Santiago de Cuba. C. Benoit. Revue d!artillerie, avril, 1897. 
1899. La guerre hispano-americaine et les droits des gens. M. Paisant. Revue 

encycl., vol. 9 (Apr. 15, 1899), 288. 
1899. The republic of Cuba. Richard J. Hinton. Arena, vol. 21 (May 1899), 

587-600. 
.1899. Mineral resources of the Antilles, Hawaii, and the Philippines. David T. 

Day. Engineering magazine, vol. 17 (May 1899), 242. 
1899. The war with Spain. Nelson A. Miles. North Amer. review, vol. 168 (May 

1899), 513-529 (June 1899), 749-760; vol. 169 (July 1899), 125-137. 

Same. North Amer. review, vol. 168 (June 1899), 749-760. 

1899. The existing conditions and needs in Cuba. Leonard Wood. North Amer. 

review, vol. 168 (May 1899), 593-601. 
1899. The outlook in Cuba. Herbert Pelham Williams. Atlantic monthly, vol. 83 

(June 1899), 827-836. 
1899. The independence of Cuba. Antonio Gonzalo Perez. Contemporary rev. 

vol. 76 (July 1899), 118-131. 
1899. International law in the late war. Henry Wade Rogers. Forum (July 

1899), 578-591. 



426 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1899. The capture of Santiago, in Cuba, 1662. Christopher Myngo. English histor- 
ical review, vol. 14 (July 1899), 536-554. 

1898. Cuba under American rule. Walstein Root. Munsey magazine, vol. 21 

(July 1898), 561-574. 

1899. The logic of our position in Cuba. By an officer of the army of occupation. 

North Amer. review, vol. 169 (July 1899), 109-115. 
1899. The present situation in Cuba. Leonard Wood. Century magazine, vol. 58 

(Aug. 1899), 639-640. 
1899. The Cuban as a labor problem. William Willard Howard. Century magazine, 

vol. 58 (Aug. 1899), 640-641. 
1899. A paradise regained : Cuba. George Reno. Forum, vol. 27 (Aug. 1899), 669- 

677. 
1899. Relieving the Cuban reconcentrados. Clara Barton. Independent, vol. 51 

(Aug. 3, 1899), 2067-2071. 
1899. The Cuban educational association of the United States. Gilbert K. Harroun. 

American monthly review of reviews, vol. 20 (Sept. 1899), 334-335. 
1899. Cuban renovation. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 69 (Sept. 28, 1899), 237-238. 
1899. The flag and trade: a summary review of the trade of the chief colonial empires. 

A. W. Flux. Royal statistical society. Journal, vol. 62 (Sept. 1899), 

489-522. Cuba, pp. 510-512. 
1899. Le peuple Espagnol. A. Fouillee. Rev.' d. deux Mondes, vol. 155 (Oct. 1, 

1899), 181. 
1899. Cuba in suspension. C. W. Pepper. Harper's mag., vol. 99 (Nov. 1899), 965. 
1899. The "open door" policy in the Philippines. Frank D. Patey. No. Amer. rev., 

vol. 169 (Nov. 1899), 661-668. 
1899. The Outlook farm in Cuba. Clarence Ross Gale. Outlook, vol. 63 (Nov. 4, 

1899), 603-604. 

1899. Cuban character. G. Kennan. Outlook, vol. 63 (Dec. 23, 30, 1899), 959-965, 

1016-1022. 

1900. Cuba, son avenir. Societe d' Etudes coloniales. Bulletin, vol. 7 (1900), 

779-792. 

Based upon recent publications on the economic conditions of Cuba. 

1900. Cuba. Collections of revenues at Havana in 1899; Discovery of rich gold de- 
posits; Number of domestic animals imported. Bur. of Amer. Republics, 
vol. 8 (Feb. 1900), 238-239. 

1900. Criminal jurisprudence in Cuba. -Charlton T. Lewis. Charities review, vol. 
9 (Feb. 1900), 552-557. 

1900. American misgovernment of Cuba. J. E. Runcie. North American review, 
vol. 170 (Feb. 1 900) , 284-294. 

1900. A midwinter tramp from Santiago to Havana. H. Phelps Whitemarsh. Cen- 
tury magazine, vol. 59 (Mar. 1900), 768-777. 

1900. The church in Cuba. C. W. Currier. Conservative review, vol. 3 (Mch. 
1900), 190. 

1900. The Cuban situation. O. G. Villard. Nation, vol. 70 (Mar. 15, 1900), 201. 

1900. Legal reform in Cuba. J. D. Whelpley. Independent, vol. 52 (Mar. 29, 
1900), 765-768. 

1900. University and school in the late Spanish colonies. John J. O'Shea. Ameri- 
can Catholic quarterly review, vol. 25 (Apr. 1900), 329-349. 

1900. The church and church property in the island of Cuba. J. I. Rodriguez. 
American Catholic quarterly review, vol. 25 (Apr. 1900), 366-390. 

1900. The outlook in Cuba from a commercial engineering point of view. E. V. 
Gould. Cassier's magazine, vol. 17 (Apr. 1900), 498. 

1900. The sanitary problem in Havana. Harper's weekly, vol. 44 (June 23, 1900), 
588. 



handbook: of cuba. ^ 427 

1900. The Cuban elections. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 70 (June 21, 1900), 471. 
1900. Some observations on the status of Cuba. Carman F. Randolph. Yale law 

journal, vol. 9 (June 1900), 353-364. 
1900. Financial condition of the city (Havana). American academy of political sci- 
ence. Annals, vol. 16 (July 1900), 159. 
1900. Cuba of to-day and to-morrow. J. D. Whelpley. Atlantic monthly, vol. 86 

(July 1900) , 45-52. 
1900. Our foreign relations: the United States in Cuba. Leonora Beck Ellis. 

Arena, vol. 24 (July 1900), 57-63. 
1900. Society in Cuba. Mary C. Francis. Munsey's magazine, vol. 23 (July 1900), 

489-500. 
1900. What form of government should Cuba libre adopt? Henry Banga. Inde- 
pendent, vol. 52 (Aug. 9, 1900), 1893-1896. 
1900. Cuba's foreign relations. H. White. Nation, vol. 71 (Aug. 2, 1900), 85-86. 
1900. The electric railways of Havana. Street railway journal, vol. 16 (Aug. 4, 1900), 

724. 
1900. The era of education in Cuba. Mary C. Francis. Munsey's magazine, vol. 23 

(Sept. 1900), 806-812. 
1900. Why Cuba should be independent. Charles Warren Currier. Forum, vol. 30 

(Oct. 1900), 139-146. 
1900. A plea for the annexation of Cuba. A Cuban. Forum, vol. 30 (Oct. 1900), 

202-214. 
1900. Distrustful Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 71 (Oct. 25, 1900), 324. 
1900. Cuba as a field for emigration. Chambers's journal, vol. 77 (Nov. 1, 1900), 

708-711. 
1900. The greatest charity scheme of the century. Frank A. Munsey. Munsey's 

magazine, vol. 24 (Nov. 1898), 234-236. 
. 1900. The Cuban republic — limited. W. Wellman. American monthly review of 

reviews, vol. 22 (Dec. 1900), 70S. 
1900. Can there ever be a Cuban republic? J. I. Rodriguez. Forum, vol. 30 (Dec. 

1900), 436-441. 
1900. Cuban self-government. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 52 

(Dec. 13, 1900), 2968-2971. 
1900. The real Cuban. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 52 (Dec. 20, 

1900), 3030-3034. 
1900. The overreaching of Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 71 (Dec. 13, 1900), 459- 

460. 

1900. Emigration to Cuba. Albert Griffin. [Letter to the editor] Outlook, vol. 

66 (Dec. 29, 1900), 1057-1058. 

1901. Bituminous deposits situated at the south and east of Cardenas, Cuba. By 

H. Peckham. With sketch-maps. American journal of science, vol. 12 
(1901), 33-41. 

1901. The judiciary of Cuba. Green bag, vol. 13 (Jan. 1901) , 41-44. 

1901. The constitutional convention in Cuba. Maurice Baldwin. National maga- 
zine, vol. 13 (Jan. 1901), 267-274. 

1901. The Cuban school question. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 
53 (Feb. 14, 1901), 385-387. 

1901. Cuban constitution making. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 
53 (Feb. 21, 1901), 435-438. 

1901. Cuban independence. The literary digest, vol. 22 (Feb. 16, 1901), 181-182. 

1901. Cuban casuistry. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 72 (Feb. 7, 1901), 105-106. 

1901. Breaking faith with Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 72 (Feb. 28, 1901), 168. 

1901. Our educational responsibility in Cuba. L. B. Ellis. Gunton's mag., vol. 20 
(Mar. 1901), 255. 



428 " HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1901. Cuba's cause of offense. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 53 

(Mar. 21, 1901), 671-674. 
1901. The tariff bribe for Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 72 (Mar. 28, 1901), 248. 
1901. The independence of Cuba. Frank D. Pavej'. Thinks it incumbent on t-he 

U. S. to fulfill pledge of the resolutions of Congress of 1898. No. Amer. rev., 

vol. 172 (Mar. 1901), 403-415. 
1901. Cuba and the Philippines. Outlook, vol. 67 (Mar. 9, 1901), 567-570. 
1901. Cuban independence. John White Chadwick. [Letter to the editors] Out- 
look, vol. 67 (Mar. 30, 1901), 742. 
1901. The height and weight of the Cuban teachers. Dudley Allen Sargent. Popu- 
lar science monthly, vol. 58 (Mar. 1901), 480-492. 
1901. Cuba's commercial future. George D. McCreary. Independent, vol. 53 (Apr. 

25, 1901), 957-958. 
1901. The failure in Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 72 (Apr. 18, 1901), 308-309. 
1901. Explaining it to the Cubans. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 72 (Apr. 25, 1901), 

330-331. 
1901. Cuba and Congress. Albert J. Beveridge. North Amei'ican review, vol. 172 

(Apr. 1901), 535-550. 
1901. Les Etats-Unis et Cuba Libre. Achille Viallate. Annales des sciences poli- 

tiques, vol. 16 (May 1901), 320-340. 
1901. Some Cuban opinions. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 53 

(May 9, 1901), 1055-1061. 
1901. Questions about Cuba. Nation, Vol. 72 (May 16, 1901), 390-391. 
1901. The Cuban problem. Protectionist, vol. 13 (May 1901), 53-55. 
1901. The solution of the Cuban problem. 0. H. Piatt. World's work, vol. 2 (May 

1901), 729. 
1901. The work of the Cuban convention. Albert G. Robinson, Forum, vol. 31 

(June 1901), 401-412. 
1901. The pacification of Cuba. Orville H. Piatt. Independent, vol. 53 (June 27, 

1901), 1464-1468. 
1901. The result in Cuba. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 53 (June 

27, 1901), 1469-1470. 
1901. Our relation to the people of Cuba and Porto Rico. Orville H. Piatt. Ameri- 
can academy of political and social science. Annals, vol. 18 (July 1901), 

143-159; 
1901. The Spanish population of Cuba and Porto Rico. Charles M. Pepper. Ameri- 
can academy of political and social science. Annals, vol. 18 (July 1901), 

161-178. 
1901. The land question in Cuba. W. A. Candler. Independent, vol. 53 (July 25, 

1901), 1736-1737. 
1901. Significance of the Porto Rican problem. L. S. Rowe. North American review, 

vol. 173 (July 1901), 35-39. 
1901. A talk with General Wood. Edward Marshall. Outlook, vol. 68 (July 20, 

1901) , 669-673. 
1901. Cuba's industrial possibilities. Albert G. Robinson. American monthly 

review of reviews, vol. 24 (Aug. 1901), 196-200. 
1901. The Spanish treaty claims commission. J. I. Rodriguez. Forum, vol. 31 

(Aug. 1901), 713-725. 
1901. Development and present status of the law in Cuba. Lucius Q. C. Lamar. 

All:»any law journal, vol. 63 (Sept. 1901), 349-356. 
1901. Can Cubans govern Cuba? Edmond Wood. Forum, vol. 32 (Sept. 1901), 

66-73. 
1901. An "expert" on the Cuban constitution. F. J. Mather, jr. Nation, vol. 73 

(Sept. 5, 1901), 180. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 429 

1901. Cuba demands reciprocity. Emilio Nunez. Independent, vol. 53 (Oct. 31, 

1901), 2579-2581. 
1901. Cuban problems. E. Ogden. Nation, vol. 73 (Nov. 21, 1901), 390. 
1901. The Spanish treaty claims commission: a rejoinder. Robert Hutcheson. 

Forum, vol. 32 (Dec. 1901), 414-423. 
1901. The Cuban problem. L. V. De Abad. Gunton's magazine, vol. 21 (Dec. 

1901), 515-525. 
1901. The need for reciprocity with Cuba. Leonard Wood. Independent, vol. 53 

(Dec. 12, 1901), 2927-2929. 
1901. The Cuban peril. H. White. Nation, vol. 73 (Dec. 19, 1901), 466. 

1901. Cuba's imminent bankruptcy. Edwin F. Atkins. North Amer. rev., vol. 173 

(Dec. 1901), 768-773. 

1902. Le differend entre I'Espagne et les Etats-Unis au sujet de la question Cubaine. 

Marquis de Olivart. Revue generale de droit international public, vol. 9 

(1902), 161-202. 
1902. Beobachtungen in Westindien, besonders auf Cuba und Hayti. E. Deckert. 

Verein fiir Erdkunde. Mitteilungen, vol. (1902), xvii-xx. 
1902. Is Cuba threatened with bankruptcy? American monthly review of reviews, 

vol. 25 (Jan. 1902), 91. 
1902. Our honor and Cuba's need. Marrion Wilcox. Forum, vol. 32 (Jan. 1902), 

623-628. 
1902. Cuba and the sugar tariff. Gunton's mag., vol. 22 (Jan. 1902), 5-8. 
1902. Our duty to Cuba. Independent, vol. 54 (Jan. 9, 1902), 109-110. 
1902. The outlook for Cuba. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 54 (Jan. 

16, 1902), 135-138. 
1902. The future of Cuba. Leonard Wood. Independent, vol. 54 (Jan. 23, 1902), 

193-194. 
1902.. Our "obligation" to Cuba. George Gunton. Institute of social economics. 

Lecture bulletin (Jan. 15, 1902), 209-230. 
Opposed to reduction of duties on sugar from Cuba. 

1902. Political aspect of Cuba's economic distress. Josiah Quincy. North Amer. 

rev., vol. 174 (Jan. 1902), 12-19. 
1902. Reasons for reciprocity between the United States and Cuba. Leonard Wood. 

Outlook, vol. 70 (Jan. 18, 1902) , 168-171. 
1902. A new republic and its president. American monthly review of reviews, vol. 

25 (Feb. 1902), 167-170. 
1902. Cuban trade. Protectionist, vol. 13 (Feb. 1902), 598-600. 
1902. The railways of Cuba. Railway magazine, vol. 10 (Feb. 1902), 129-135; 

(Mar. 1902), 225-231. 
1902. Germany and America. Spectator, vol. 88 (Feb. 22, 1902), 276-278. 
On attitude toward America in Spanish-American War. 

1902. Economic relief for Cuba. World's work, vol. 3 (Feb. 1902), 1695-1696. 
1902. Cuba and its evangelization. D. W. Carter. Missionary review^ vol. 15 

(Apr. 1902), 253-261. 
1902. Some reflections on the state of Cuba. James Bryce. North American review, 

vol. 174 (Apr. 1902), 445-456. 
1902. Cuba et r administration americaine. Savine. Nouvelle revue, vol. (Apr. 1, 

1902). 
1902. The United States in Cuba. Charles G. Phelps. World's work, vol. 3 (Apr. 

1902, 1986-1988. 
1902. Our trade with Cuba and the Philippines. Clarence R. Edwards. American 

academy of political and social science. Annals, vol. 19 (May 1902), 

370-376. 



430 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1902. Strategic value of Uer West Indian possessions to the United States. W. V. 

Judson. American academy of x>olitical and social science. Annals, vol. 

19 (May 1902), 383-391. 
1902. The relation of the nation to its dependencies. Eugene Stevenson. American 

law review, vol. 36 (May-June 1902), 366-386. 
1902. The Cuban reciprocity bill. Protectionist, vol. 14 (May 1902), 42-13. 
1902. Public education in Cuba. Matthew E. Hanna. Atlantic monthly, vol. 89 

(June 1902), 736-744. 
1902. Our legacy to the Cuban republic. Albert G. Robinson. Forum, vol. 33 (June 

1902), 450-458. 
1902. The truth about Cuba. Henry Harrison Lewis. World's work, vol. 4 (June 

1902), 2217-2221. 
1902. Our account with Cuba. American monthly review of reviews, vol. 26 (July 

1902), 89-91. 
1902. Cuba's first steps in self-government. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independ- 
ent, vol. 54 (July 17, 1902), 1705-1709. 
1902. Industrial and commercial conditions in Cuba. Albert G. Robinson. Amer- 
ican monthly review of reviews, vol. 26 (Aug. 1902), 195-201. 
1902. The Cuban municipality. Victor S. Clark. American monthly review of 

reviews, vol. 26 (Aug. 1902), 202-204. 
1902. Cuba. The treasury of the republic. Condition from May 20-Jime 30, 1902. 

Bureau of the American republics, bulletin, vol. 13 (Aug. 1902), 487. 
1902. The industrial development of Cuba. Iron age, vol. 70 (Aug. 14, 1902), 16-17. 
1902. Cuba's claim upon the United States. O. H. Piatt. North American review, 

vol. 175 (Aug. 1902), 145-151. 
1902. Cuba and the Brussels sugar conference. Yale review, vol. 11 (Aug. 1902), 

120-122. 
1902. Cuban reciprocity. A moral issue. William Allen White. McClure's, vol. 19 

(Sept. 1902), 387-394. 
1902. The new railroad system in Cuba. Railroad gazette, vol. 34 (Nov. 28, 1902), 

908-909. 
1902. Where Cuba stands. Emiho Nunez. The independent, vol. 54 (Dec. 4, 1902), 

2877. 
1902. The situation in Cuba. Marrion Wilcox. North American review, vol. 175 

(Dec. 1902), 819. 

Discusses failure of reciprocity treaty. 

1902. The Cuban treaty. Outlook, vol. 72 (Dec. 27, 1902), 960-961. 

1903. Cuba. Municipallegislation. Osgood Smith. American academy of political 

and social science. Annals, vol. 21 (Jan. 1903), 128-130. 
1903. The South and Cuba. Harper's weekly, vol. 47 (Jan. 31, 1903), 187. 
1903. Latestaspects of the Cuban treaty. H.White. Nation, vol. 76 (Jan. 29, 1903), 

84-85. 
1903. RaiJroad development in Cuba. I. W. Davies. Scientific American, vol. 88 

(Jan. 24, 1903), 61-62. 
1903. The military government of Cuba. Leonard Wood. American academy of 

political and social science. Annals, vol. 21 (Mar. 1903), 153-182. 
1903. The proceedings of the first Cuban conference of charities and corrections. 

Grace W. Minns. Charities, vol. 10 (Mar. 21, 1903), 284-286. 
1903. More Cuban juggling. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 76 (Mar. 19, 1908), 222. 
1903. Economic administration in Cuba. Max Levy [Letter to the editor] Nation, 

vol. 76 (Mar. 19, 1903), 225. 
1903. Cuba sous 1' administration americaine. Othon Guerlac. Tour du monde, 9e 

annee (Mar. 7, 14, 1903), 109-120, 121-132. 



HAT^DBOOK OF CUBA. 431 

1903. Cuba sous r administration am^ricaine. (With illustrations). Othon Guerlac. 

Le tour du monde, 9e annee, N. S. (Mar. 7, 1903), 77-120; (Mar. 14, 1903), 

85-132. 
1903. Archipelo d'Am^rique et d'Asie. L6on Deschamps. Revue de geographie, 

27e annee (Apr. 1903), 344-353. 
1903. American vs. European manufactures in Cuba. Scientific Ameri(;an Supple- 
ment, vol. 55 (May 30, 1903), 22923. 
1903. Financial conditions in Cuba to-day. Rafael Montoro. Harper's weekly, vol. 

47 (June 20, 1903), 1052-1053. 
1903. Reciprocity with Cuba. H. Parker Willis. American academy of political 

and social science. Annals, vol. 22 (July 1903), 127-147. 
1903. The first year of Cuban self-government. Matthew Elting Hanna. Atlantic 

monthly, vol. 92 (July 1908), 113-120. 
,1903. The public charities of Cuba. Charities, vol. ii (July 11, 1903), 46-48. 
1903. The new Cuban telegraphic service. Charles Minor Blackford, jr. Scientific 

American supplement, vol. 56 (Aug. 22, 1903), 23104-23105. 
1903. A botanical exploration of Cuba. Scientific American supplement, vol. 56 

(Aug. 29, 1903), 23118-23119. 
1903. Cuba (1898-1902). Gaston Rouvier. Revue universelle, vol. (Sept. 1, 1903), 

449-453. 
1903. Le differend entre I'Espagne et les Etats-Unis au sujet de la question cubaine. 

De Olivart. Revue generale de droit international public, lOe annee 

(Sept. -Oct. 1903), 577-602. 
1903. Cuba hier et aujourd'hui. Paul Barre. Revue de geographie, 27e annee 

(Aug. 1903), 148-166; (Oct. 1903), 336-355. 

1903. On a Cuban ingenio. Naranja Amarga. Longman's magazine, vol. 43 (Nov. 

1903), 71-81; Living age, vol. 239 (Dec. 26, 1903), 809-816. 

1904. .Cuba and the Cubans. E. P. Herrick. Southern workman, vol. 33 (Feb. 

1904), 103-107. 
1904. The charities of a new republic [Cuba] Grace W. Minns. Charities, vol. 12 
(Apr. 2, 1904), 337-340. 

2d Cuban conference of charities and corrections. 

1904. The business opportunities of Cuba. Frederic M. Noa. Scientific American 

supplement, vol. 57 (Apr. 9, 1904), 23638. 
1904. Cuba. Matthew Elting Hanna. Chautauquan, vol. 39 (May 1904), 228-242. 
1904. The value of the "Piatt amendment." Harper's weekly, vol. 48 (May 7, 1904), 

713-714. 
1904. The Cuban reciprocity treaty. Dun's review, vol. 12 (June 25, 1904), 4-5. 
1904. A fugitive sovereignty. William Hemstreet. National magazine, vol. 20 f June 

1904), 267-271. 

1904. Facts and phases of the Cuban question. Warren A. Candler. Independent, 

vol. 57 (Aug. 25, 1904) , 419-420. 

1905. The reorganization of local government in Cuba. L. S. Rowe. American 

academy of political and social science. Annals, vol. 25 (Mar. 1905), 

311-321. 
1905. The condition of women in Cuba. Frederic M. Noa. Outlook, vol. 79 (Mar. 

11, 1905), 642-647. 
1905. The Cuban educational outlook. E. P. Herrick. Southern workman, vol. 34 

(June 1905), 352-355. 



432 RATTDBOOK OF CUBA. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS. 
(Exclusive of resolutions, bills, and speeches.) 

1822. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Foreign trade. Jan. 27, Feb. 4, 1822. Britisti and 

foreign state papers, vol. 10, p. 865. 
1822-53. Cuba. Correspondence. Great Britain and France, etc. Alleged projects 

of conquest and annexation. British and foreign state papers, vol. 44, 

p. 114. 
1822-1837. Cuba. Correspondence. Spain and the United States. British and 

foreign state papers, vol. 26, p. 1124. 

1823. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Exclusion of vessels and goods of Austria, France, 

Prussia, and Eussia. British and foreign state papers, vol. 10, p. 1034. 
1823. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Foreign trade. Liquidation of British Claims. 

British and foreign state papers, vol. 10, pp. 867, 1034. 
1825-6. Cuba. Correspondence. Colombia and the United States. British and 

foreign state papers, vol. 13, pp. 126, 414. 
1825-6. Cuba. Correspondence. Mexico and the United States. British and foreign 

state papers, vol. 13, p. 426. 
1825-6. Cuba.. Correspondence. France and the United States. British and foreign 

state papers, vol. 13, pp. 424, 443. 
1825-6. Cuba. Correspondence. Russia and the United States. British and foreign 

state papers, vol. 13, pp. 403, 490. 
1828. Cuba. Royal order (Spain). Disposal of emancipated slaves. Apr. 15, 1828. 

British and foreign state papers, vol. 20, p. 1289. 
1834. Trade between United States and Cuba and Porto Rico. Message of the Presi- 
dent, March 8, 1834. 44 pp. Twenty-third Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. 

No. 170. 

1834. Tonnage duties. Cuba and Porto Rico. May 17, 1834. Twenty-third Cong., 

first sess.. House Report No. 468. 

1835. Commerce with Cuba and Porto Rico. Message from the President in relation 

to the commerce of the United States with the Spanish ports of Cuba and 
Porto Rico. February 3, 1835. 7 pp. Twenty-third Cong., first sess., 
Ex. Doc. No. 120. 

1837. Cuba. Correspondence. Great Britain and the United States. American 

policy. British and foreign state papers, vol. 26, p. 1156. 

1838. Cuba. Circular of Governor-General. Prohibition against landing of free 

blacks. June 12, 1838. British and foreign state papers, vol. 27, p. 363. 
1838. Cuba. Royal order (Spain.) Nonintroduction of black slaves. Nov. 2, 1838. 

British and foreign state papers, vol. 27, p. 379. , 
1840-44. Cuba. Correspondence. Spain and United States. American policy. 

British and foreign state papers, vol. 32, p. 861. 
1845. Cuba. Correspondence. Great Britain and Spain. Admission of sugars into 

Great Britain upon same terms as sugars of United States and Venezuela. 

May-Dec. 1845. British and foreign state papers, vol. 33, p. 949. 
1849. Cuba. Proclaijiation. United States. Threatened invasion. Aug. 11, 1844. 

British and foreign state papers, vol. 39, p. 77. 

1849. Message from the President to both Houses of Congress, December 24, 1849. 

Thirty-first Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 5. 

Page 27 contains Proclamation against filibustering expedition. 

1850. Message from the President, transmitting reports from the several heads of 

departments relative to the subject of alleged revolutionary movements in 
Cuba, June 3, 1850. 134 pp. Thirty-first Cong., first sess., Senate Doc. 
No. 57. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 433 

1851. Cuba. Proclamation. United States prohibition against fitting out of an 
expedition for invasion of Cuba. Apr. 25, 1851. British and foreign state 
papers, vol. 47, p. 1265. 

1851. Message from the President to both Houses of Congress, December 2, 1851. 
Thirty-second Cong., first sess.. Senate Doc. No. 1; Ex. Doc. No. 2. 
Page 27 contains Proclamation against filibustering expeditions. 

1851. Message from the President, communicating the correspondence relative to any- 
projected expedition to the island of Cuba, not heretofore communicated, 
February 27, 1851. 90 pp. Thirty-first Cong., second sess., Senate Doc. 
No. 41. 

1851. John S. Thrasher. Message from the President, communicating information 

in regard to the imprisonment of J. S. Thrasher at Havana. Thirty- 
second Cong., first sess.. Senate Doc. No. 5; Ex. Doc. No. 10. 

1852. Cuba. Correspondence. Spain and the United States. Policy of United States. 

British and foreign state papers, vol. 44, p. 133. 

1852. John S. Thrasher. Message from the President, transmitting further informa- 
tion respecting the imprisonment, etc., of John S. Thrasher, January 2, 
1852. 87 pp. Thirty-second Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 14. 

1852. Lopez expedition. Message from the President, transmitting a report in ref- 
erence to the Lopez expedition, January 5, 1852. Thirty-second Cong., 
first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 19. 

1852. Barque Georgiana and brig Susan Loud. Message from the President, trans- 
mitting information in reference to the seizure and confiscation. March 
23, 1852. Thirty-second Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 83. 

1852. Foreigners. Cuban expedition. Message from the President of the United 
States, transmitting a report in reference to such of the Cuban prisoners as 
were foreigners. July 7, 1852. 87 pp. Thirty-second Cong., first sess., 
Ex. Doc. No. 115. . 

1852. Island of Cuba. Message from the President of the United States in reference 

to the island of Cuba, July 13, 1852. Thirty-second Cong., first sess., Ex. 
Doc. No. 121. 59 pp. 8°. 

Transmitting instructions to diplomatic agents relating to the policy of the Govern- 
ment of the United .States in relation to Cuba, from 1822 to 1848. 

1853. Cuba. Correspondence. Great Britain and United States. Proposed trip- 

artite convention between Great Britain, France, and United States. 
British and foreign state papers, vol. 44, p. 231. 

1853. Message from the President relative to a proposed tripartite convention on the 

subject of Cuba, January 4, 1853. 23 pp. Thirty -second Cong., second 
sess., Senate Doc. No. 13. 

This document was reprinted, together with Everett's letter to Lord John Russell, 
under the title "Correspondence on the proposed tripartite convention," by Little, 
Brown & Co., of Boston. (See p. 10 of this List. ) 

1854. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a copy of the 

correspondence in relation to the imprisonment of James H. West in the 
island of Cuba. March 11, 1854. 54 pp. Thirty-third Cong., first sess., 
Senate Doc. No. 46. 

1854. Seizure of the Black Warrior. Message of the President of the United States, 
transmitting a report in reference to the seizure of the Black Warrior. 
March 15, 1854. 34 pp. Thirty-third Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 76. 

1854. Case of the Black Warrior, and other violations of the rights of American citi- 
zens by Spanish authorities. Message of the President of the United 
States, April 6, 1854. 378 pp. Thirty-third Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc, 
No. 86. 

159a— 05 28 



434 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1854. Cuba. I'roclamation. United States. Prohibition against fitting out of an 

expedition for invasion of Cuba. May 31, 1854. British and foreign state 
papers, vol. 47, p. 1266. 

1855. The Ostend conference, etc. Message from the President, transmitting corre- 

spondence touching matters disturbing the friendly relations between this 
Government and the Government of Spain; also a report as to the objects 
of the meeting of the American ministers at Ostend, March 3, 1855. 152 pp. 
Thirty-third Cong., second sess., House Ex. Doc. No. 93. 
1859. In the Senate of the United States. Report of the Committee on Foreign Rela- 
tions, to whom was referred the bill ' ' making appropriations to facilitate 
the acquisition of the island of Cuba by negotiations. ' ' 26 pp. Thirty- 
fifth Cong., second sess.. Senate Report No. 351. 

1859. Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, in answer to a resolution of the Senate, 

calling for statistics of trade with Cuba for the last five years. March 2, 
1859. 19 pp. Thirty-fifth Cong., second sess., Senate Doc. No. 45. 

1860. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Introduction of Chinese laborers into island of Cuba. 

British and foreign state papers, vol. 51, p. 1038. 
1860. Imprisonment of an American citizen in the island of Cuba. Message from 

the President of the United States, March 30, 1860. 8 pp. Thirty-sixth 

Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 54. 
1865. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Extinction of slavery in Cuba. British and foreign 

state papers, vol. 56, p. 1327. 

1869. Message of the President of the United States communicating, in compliance 

with a resolution of the Senate, information in regard to the progress of 
the revolution in Cuba, and the political and civil condition of the island. 
118 pp. Forty-first Cong., second sess.. Senate Ex. Doc. No. 7. 

1870. Struggle for independence in the island of Cuba. Message of the President 

of the United States, transmitting correspondence relative to the struggle 
for freedom in the island of Cuba, February 21, 1870. 193 pp. Forty- 
first Cong., second sess., House Ex. Doc. No. 160. 

1870. Message from the President, communicating information and making certain 
recommendations in relation to the existing insurrection in Cuba. Forty- 
first Cong., second sess.. Senate Doc. No. 99. 

1870. Message from the President communicating information in relation to the 
seizure of American vessels, and injuries to American citizens in Cuba, 
July 9, 1870. Forty-first Cong., second sess., Senate Doc. No. 108. 

1870. Message of the President of the United States communicating, in compliance 

with the resolution of the Senate of the 8th instant, information in rela- 
tion to the emancipation of slaves in Cuba, July 14, 1870. 24 pp. Forty- 
first Cong., second sess.. Senate Ex. Doc. No. 113. 

1871. Agreement for settlement of certain claims of citizens of the United States on 

account of wrongs and injuries committed by authorities of Spain in the 
Island of Cuba. Concluded at Madrid, February 11-12, 1871. [In Treaties 
and Conventions from 1776-1887. Washington, (1889). pp. 1025-1027.] 

1872. Cuba. Spanish regulation. Abolition of slavery. British and foreign state 

papers, vol. 63, p. 437. 

1872. Message from the President, relative to questions with Spain growing out of 
affairs with Cuba. Forty -second Cong. , second sess. , Senate Doc. No. 32. 

1872. Reindenture or reenslaveraent of Chinamen in Cuba. Message from the Presi- 
dent, March 20, 1872. 15 pp. Forty-second Cong., second sess., Ex. Doc. 
No. 207. 

1874. Cuba. Circular (Spain). Port dues. British and foreign state papers, vol. 66, 
p. 1178. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 435 

1876. Cuba. Decree. Emancipados. British and foreign stata papers, vol. 67, 
p. 406. 

1876. Correspondence between the United States Government and Spain in relation 

to the island of Cuba. Message from the President, transmitting a report 
from the Secretary of State, with accompanying documents, January 31, 
1876. 81 pp. Forty-fourth Cong., first sess., House Ex. Doc. No. 90. 

1877. Cuba. Convention. China and Spain. Emigration. British and foreign 

state papers, vol. 69, p. 364. 

1878. Message from the President communicating information respecting the terms 

and conditions under which the surrender of the Cuban insurgents has 
been made, and in relation to the future policy of Spain in the govern- 
ment of the island of Cuba, May 14, 1878. 23 pp. Forty-fifth Cong. , second 
sess., Senate doc. No. 79. 

1881. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Promulgation in Cuba of constitution of monarchy. 
Apr. 7, 1881. British and foreign state papers, vol. 73, p. 269. 

1884. Cuba. Agreement. United States and Spain. Commercial relations. Jan. 
2, 1884. British and foreign state papers, vol. 75, pp. 389, 390. 

1886. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Abolition. Patronage system. Emancipated slaves. 

British and foreign state papers, vol. 77, p. 825. 

1887. Cuba. Proclamation (U. S. ). Discriminating duties. Vessels from Cuba, 

Sept. 21, 1887. British and foreign state papers, vol. 78, p. 43. 
1887. Cuba. Agreement. United States and Spain. Abolition. Discriminating 
duties. September 21, 1887. British and foreign state papers, vol. 78, 
p. 44. 

1892. Statement of exports to Cuba since reciprocity treaty. Fifty -second Cong., 

first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 107. 

1893. Sugar in Cuba. Eeport of Commercial Agent Mullen. 1893. In U. S. Con- 

sular Eeport No. 152. p. 255. 

1894. Cuban sugar exports. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 171. p. 567. 
1894. Sugar exports from Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 170. p. 393. 
1894. Tobacco interests of Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 167. pp. 630-632. 
1894. Export of Cuban sugar. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 165. p. 255. 

1894. Iron ore and manganese in Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 161. pp. 346-7. 
1894. Cuba's market for American flour. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 164. p. 151. 
1894. Economic condition of Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 167. pp. 632-3. 
1894. Cuba and the eucalyptus tree. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 168. p. 20. 
1894. Sugar interests of Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 169. pp. 248-252. 

1894. Cuba's exports declared for the United States. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 

171. pp. 456-7. 

1895. American flour in Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 175. pp. 556-562. 
1895. Condition of Cuban sugar industry. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 175. pp. 

552-3. 
1895. Exports declared for United States by Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 

175. pp. 503-4. 
1895. Finances of Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 175. pp. 554-6. 
1895. New tariff for Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 175. pp. 562-3. 
1895. New tax law for Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 175. p. 563. 
1895. Cuban sugar statistics. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 176. p. 187. 
1895. Cuba's asphalt deposits near Cardenas. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 172. pp. 

126-128. 

1895. The sugar industry in Cuba. U. S. .Consular Eeport No. 172. p. 111. 

1896. Eecognition of Cuban independence. Eeport (from the Committee on Foreign 

Eelations). December 21, 1896. 103 pp. Fifty-fourth Cong., second 
sess., Senate Eeport No. 1160. 



486 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1896. Power to recognize the independence of a new foreign slate. Memorandum 

(from the Committee on Foreign Relations). December 21, 1896. 57 pp. 
Fifty-fourth Cong., second sess., Senate Doc. No. 56. 

1897. Condition of affairs in Cuba. Hearing before a subcommittee of the commit- 

tee on foreign relations. Feb. 27, 1897, ordered to be printed. 37 pp. 

8°. 54th Cong., 2d sess. Senate document no. 166. 
1897. Independence of Cuba. Papers accompanying the report submitted by Hon. 

J. D. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, from the committee on foreign relations, 
, United States Senate, December 21, 1896, on the joint resolution (S. R. 

163) acknowledging the Independence of Cuba. April 1, 1897. 44 pp. 

8°. 55th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 19. 
1897. Gustave Richelieu and August Bolten. Message from the President of the 

United States, transmitting, in response to Senate resolution of March 26, 

1897, a report from the Secretary of state, with accompanying papers, relat- 
ing to the arrest and imprisonment, at Santiago de Cuba, of the American 
citizens, Gustav Richelieu and August Bolten. April 19, 1897. 45 pp. 
8°. 55th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 47. 

1897. Relief of destitute American citizens in Cuba. Message from the President 
of the United States, May 17, 1897. 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 1st sess. Sen- 
ate doc. no. 86. 

1897. Letters of Gen. Maximo Gomez to the President. Messages from the Presi- 
dent of the United States, transmitting, in response to Senate resolution of 
April 1, 1897, a report from the Secretary of state, covering the letters ad- 
dressed by Gen. Maximo Gomez, the commanding general of the insur- 
rectionary forces in Cuba, to the President in February and March, 1897. 
55th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 75. 

1897. August Bolten and Gustave Richelieu. Report from the committee on foreign 
relations. July 7, 1897. 2 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 1st sess. Senaterep.no. 
371. 

1897. Alfredo Labarde and others. Report from the committee on foreign relations. 
July 14. 1897. 7 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 1st sess. Senate report no. 377. 

1897. Relief of American citizens in Cuba. Report from the House committee on 
rules. 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong. , 1st sess. House report no. 6. 

1897. Measures adopted to thwart violations of the neutrality laws, etc. Letter from 

the Secretary of the treasury, Dec. 17, 1897. 19 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 
2d sess. Senate doc. no. 35. 

1898. Constitution of the Republic of Cuba and brief sketches of the President of the 

Repubhc and his cabinet. Feb. 9, 1898. 55th Cong., 2d sess. Senate 
doc. no. 129. 

1898. Library of Congress. List of books relating to Cuba (including references to 
collected works and periodicals), by A. P. C. Griffin, assistant librarian of 
Congress, with Bibliography of maps, by P. Lee Phillips, superintendent 
maps and charts department. Library of Congress. Feb. 25, 1898. 61 pp. 
8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 161. 

1898. Consular correspondence respecting the condition of the reconcentrados in 
Cuba, the state of the war in that island, and the prospects of the projected 
autonomy. Message from the President of the United States. April 11, 

1898. V, (1), 91 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 230. 
1898. Belligerent rights to Cuba. Report from the Senate committee on foreign 

relations. Feb. 14, 1898. 2 pp. 8°. 55th Cong. , 2d sess. Senate report 
no. 577. 
1898. Report of the committee on foreign relations. United States Senate, relative to 
affairs in Cuba. April 13, 1898. 2 pts. plates, folded plans. 8°. 55th 
Cong. , 2d sess. Senate report no. 885, pts. 1 and 2. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 437 

1898. Execution of Colonel Euiz. Message from the President of the United States, 
transmitting a report from the Secretary of state, with accompanying 
papers, touching the execution of Colonel Ruiz by the Cuban military 
authorities. Feb. 7, 1898. 3 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. 
no. 292. 

1898. Preventing conveyance of articles to the Cubans, etc. Letter from the Secre- 
tary of the treasury, transmitting a reply to the resolution of the House 
of Representatives of February 23, 1898, in regard to the conveyance to 
the Cubans of articles produced in the United States, etc. Feb. 28, 1898. 
43 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 326. 

1898. Messages of the President of the United States, communicated to the two 
houses of Congress, on the relations of the United States to Spain by rea- 
son of warfare in the island of Cuba. April 11, 1898. 14 pp. 8°. 55th 
Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 405. 

1898. Consular correspondence respecting the condition of the reconcentrados in 
Cuba, the state of the war in that island, and the prospects of the pro- 
jected autonomy. Message from the President of the United States. 
April 11, 1898. iv, 91 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 406. 

1898. Supplemental estimate of appropriation for " expeditionary force to Cuba." 
Letter from the Secretary of the treasury. June 1, 1898. 3 pp. 8°. 
55th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 515. 

1898. Execution of Colonel Ruiz. Report from the committee on foreign affairs. 
Jan. 22, 1898. 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report no. 228. 

1898. Condition of reconcentrados in Cuba. Report from the committee on foreign 
affairs. Feb. 14, 1898. 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report 
no. 438. 

1898. Preventing the conveyance to Cubans of articles produced in the United 
States. Report from the committee on foreign affairs. Feb. 23, 1898. 
1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report no. 521. 

1898. Conditions in Cuba. Report from the committee on rules. April 13, 1898. 
1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report no. 1069. 

1898. Destruction of the U. S. Battle ship Maine. Report from the committee on 
foreign affairs. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report no. 1071. 

1898. American citizens at Matanzas. Report from the committee on foreign affairs. 
April 21, 1898. 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report no. 1124. 

1898. Troops required to garrison towns in Porto Rico, Cuba and the Philippines. 
Letter from the acting secretary of war. Dec. 16, 1898. 1 p. 8°. 55th 
Cong., 3d sess. House doc. no. 85. 

1898. Increase of the army. Report from the committee on military affairs. Dec. 

13,1898. Ip. 8°. 55th Cong., 3d sess. House report no. 1670. 

1899. Concessions in Cuba and Porto Rico. Message from the President of the 

United States, transmitting, in response to resolution of the Senate of Feb- 
ruary 2, 1899, a report from the Secretary of state, and accompanying 
papers, relative to franchises or concessions granted by municipalities in 
Cuba and Porto Rico. Feb. 9, 1899. 5 pp. 8°. 55th Cong. , 3d sess. Sen- 
ate doc. no. 110. 
1899. Claims against Spain. Message from the President of the United States, 
transmitting, in response to the resolution of the Senate of February 28, 
1899, a report from the Secretary of state submitting a list of claims of 
citizens of the United States against Spain, growing out of the insurrection 
in Cuba. Mar. 3, 1899. 3 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 3d sess. Senate doc. 
no. 168. 



438 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1901. Diplomatic relations with foreign nations— affairs in Cuba. 1029 pp. Folded 
plans. 8°. 56th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 231, pt. 7. 

This is vol. 7 of the Compilation of reports of committee on foreign relations, United 
States Senate, 1789-1901. 

1901. Eeport of the military governor of Cuba on civil affairs. In two volumes. 
Jan. 1, 1901. 2 vols. 8°. 56th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 2, pt. ii. 

1901. Letters concerning the annexation of Cuba. Message from the President of the 
United States, transmitting a report from the Secretary of state, with 
accompanying papers, in response to the resolution of the Senate of March 
2, 1901. 4 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 26. 

1901. Commercial reciprocity between the United States and Cuba. Message from 

the President of the United States, submitting a petition addressed to the 
Senate by Senor Don F. Gamba and others urging the enactment of a law 
for commercial reciprocity between the United States and Cuba. Dec. 16, 

1901. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 73. 

1902. Construction of railroads in Cuba. Letter from the Secretary of war, in response 

to Senate resolution dated February 13, 1902, transmitting a copy of a letter 
from the military governor of Cuba, together with report of the minister 
of public works, relative to the construction of railroads in Cuba. March 
12,1902. 6 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 246. 

1902. Diplomatic and consular representatives in Cuba. Message from the President 
of the United States, March 27, 1902. 4 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. 
Senate doc. no. 270. 

1902. Seizure of certain vessels and occupation and use of wharves, etc., at Santiago 
de Cuba. Letter from the Acting secretary of war, transmitting to the 
Senate, in response to a resolution of the Senate of March 26, 1902, corre- 
spondence relating to the seizure of certain vessels and the occupation and 
use of wharves and warehouses at Santiago de Cuba. April 22, 1902. 95 
pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 318. 

1902. Inauguration of the President of Cuba, etc. May 20, 1902. 11 pp. 8°. 57th 
Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 363. 

1902. Letter from the Secretary of state, announcing the receipt of a resolution of the 
Senate of May 21, 1902, in re the Cuban republic, and that he has for- 
warded an engrossed copy thereof to the minister of the United States at 
Habana for transmission to the President of the Cuban republic. May 28, 

1902. 1 p. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 376. 

1902. The ethics of the fight for Cuban reciprocity. Letter from Truman G. Pal- 
mer to Hon. Henry M. Teller, member Senate committee on relations 
with Cuba. June 25, 1902. 28 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate 
doc. no. 434. 

1902. The "deadly parallel" on Cuban tariff reduction. Compiled by Truman G. 
Palmer. June 27, 1902. 186 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. 
no. 439. 

1902. Petition of E. G. Rathbone, praying Congress to investigate his acts while 
director-general of posts of Cuba. June 26, 1902. 2 pp. 8°. 57th 
Cong. , 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 440. 

1902. Statement of revenues and expenditures in Cuba as shown in auditor's state- 
ments of accounts current in May and June, 1900, and supplementary 
accounts from date of American occupation to June 30, 1900. June 25, 
1902. 350 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 448. 

1902. Ownership of real estate in Cuba. Letter from the Secretary of war, trans- 
mitting a reply to the resolution of the House in relation to ownership of 
real estate in Cuba. March 1, 1902. 1 p. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. 
House doc. 428. 



HAJSTDBOOK OF CUBA. 439 

1902. Nonresidents' purchase of land in Cuba. Letter from the Secretary of war, 
transmitting a communication from Gen. Leonard Wood, military gov- 
ernor of Cuba, in relation to a resolution of inquiry passed by the House. 
March 25, 1905. 1 p. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House doc. no. 529. 

1902. State of the Cuban sugar crop. Letter from the Secretary of war, transmit- 
ting a letter from the military governor of Cuba relating to the state of 
the sugar crop. April 15, 1902. 2 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House 
doc. no. 563. 

1902. A gazetteer of Cuba. Henry Gannett. 1902. 113 pp. Maps. 8°. 57th 
Cong., 1st sess. House doc. no. 474. 

Also appears as Bulletin no. 192 of the United States Geological Survey. 

1902. Eeciprocity with Cuba. Hearings before Committee on ways and means, Fifty- 
seventh Congress, first session, January 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 
1902. vii, (1), 766 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House doc. no. 535. 

1902. Payments to F. B. Thurber out of Cuban funds. Letter from the acting Sec- 
retary of war, transmitting, in response to a resolution of the House, a 
copy of a letter from Brig. Gen. Leonard Wood relating to payments to 
F. B. Thurber out of Cuban funds. July 1, 1902. 24 pp. 8°. 57th Cong. , 
1st sess. House doc. no. 679. 

1902. Amendment to the revised statutes relating to passports. Report from the 
Committee on foreign affairs. Feb. 18, 1902. 2 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st 
sess. House report no. 559. 

1902. Land purchases by nonresidents in Cuba, etc. Eeport from the Committee on 
insular affairs. Feb. 24, 1902. 1 p. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House rep. 
587. 

1902. Reciprocity with Cuba. Report from the Committee on ways and means. 
March 31, 1902-April 5, 1905. 5 pts. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House 
report no. 1276. pts. 1-5. 

1902. Statistics of trade between the United States and its noncontiguous territory. 
Report from the Committee on ways and means. April 21, 1902. 2 pp. 
8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House report no. 1700. 

1902. Cuban diplomatic and consular appropriation bill. Report from the Committee 
on foreign affairs. May 1, 1902. 3 pp. .8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House 
report no. 1854. 

1902. Orders issued by the governor-general of Cuba. Letter from the Secretary pf 
war transmitting copies of all orders issued by the governor-general of 
Cuba from the date of the beginning of his administration to May 20,»1902. 
July 3, 1902. 1 p. 8°. 57th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 13. 

1902. Letter from the Acting secretary of war, transmitting response to inquiry of the 

House as to purchases of land by nonresidents in Cuba. Dec. 2, 1902. 
9 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 51. 

1903. Cuban reciprocity treaty. Letter from the governor of Porto Rico, trans- 

mitting a copy of a memorial passed by the second legislative assembly of 
Porto Rico, petitioning the President and Senate of the United States 
that, among such amendments as may be made to the reciprocity treaty 
between the United States and the Republic of Cuba, it shall be proposed 
that Porto Rican coffee be included among those products imported into 
the Republic of Cuba obtaining the highest rebate. Feb. 4, 1903. 2 pp. 
8°. 57th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 159. 
1903. History of the Hawaiian treaty, with a report to terminate the treaty signed 
by Justin S. Morrill, Daniel W. Voorhees, and Nelson W. Aldrich; also a 
history of the agitation for Cuban reciprocity with the United States, and 
opinions as to the probable results of Cuban reciprocity, by Mr. Charles 
W. Dietrich. Data and tables compiled by Mr. Truman G. Palmer. 
March 2, 1903. 27 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 206. 



440 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1903. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting, in response to 
Senate resolution of February 16, 1903, a report from the Secretary of War 
as to the present status of the Isle of Pines. Feb. 28, 1903. 2 pp. 8°. 
57th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 201. 

1903. Civil record of military government of occupation of Cuba. Letter from the 
acting Secretary of the treasury, transmitting a copy of a communication- 
from the Secretary of war submitting an estimate of appropriation for care 
of civil records of the military government of occupation of Cuba. Jan. 
28, 1903. 2 pp. 8°. 57th Cong. 2d sess. House doc. no. 337. 
.1903. Certain statements of public expenditures in Cuba and the Philippines. Let- 
ter from the Secretary of War, relating to the preparation and printing of 
certain statements of public expenditures in Cuba and the Philippines. 
Feb. 27, 1903. 3 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 419. 

1903. Isthmian Canal and Cuban treaties. Message from the President of the United 

States. March 5, 1903. 1 p. 8°. 58th Cong., Special session. Senate 
doc. no. 1. 

1904. The establishment of free government in Cuba. Compiled in the Bureau of 

insular affairs from the records of the War department. April 27, 1904. 

Presented by Mr. Piatt of Connecticut. 32 pp. 8°. 58th Cong., 2d sess. 

Senate doc. no. 312. 
1904. Documents relating to affairs of Cuba, etc. Letter from the Secretary of War 

recommending the printing of documents relating to the affairs of Cuba, 

Porto Rico, and the PhiHppines. March 8, 1904. 2 pp. 8°. 58th Cong., 

2d sess. House doc. no. 610. 
1904. Mauser rifles captured by the United States in Cuba, etc. Eeport from the 

Committee on military affairs. March 18, 1904. 7 pp. 8°. 58th Cong., 

2d sess. House report no. 1737. 
1904. Amending Spanish text of Cuban extradition treaty. Message from the Presi- 
dent of the United States. Dec. 12, 1904, 3 pp. 8°. 58th Cong., 3d 

sess. Confidential. Executive E. 

SPEECHES IN CONGRESS. 

Baerows, Samuel J[une] Intervention for peace, freedom, and humanity. Speech 
of Hon. Samuel J. Barrows, of Massachusetts, in the House . . . April 
28, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 13 pp. 8°. 

Bate, William B[remage] Eecognition of the independence of Cuba. Speech of 
. Hon. Wm. B. Bate, of Tennessee, in the Senate . . . Apr. 16, 1898. 
Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 7 pp. 8°. 

Belpord, Joseph M[cCrum] For free Cuba. Speech of Hon. Joseph M. Belford, 
of New York, in the House . . . March 31, 1898. Washington [Govern- 
ment printing office] 1898. 4 pp. 8°. 

BoTKiN, Jeremiah D. Cuba . . . Speech of Hon. Jeremiah D. Botkin, of Kansas, 
in the House . . . April 12, 1898 . . . [Washington, Government print- 
ing office, 1898?] 8 pp. 8°. 
No t.-p. 

Burrows, J[ulius] C. The Cuban question. Intervention and independence. 
Speech of Hon. J. C. Burrows, of Michigan, in the Senate . . . April 16, 
1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 14 pp. 8°. 

Daniel, John W[arwick] The right and duty of Congress to recognize war in 
Cuba. Speech ... in the Senate . . . May 17, 1897. Washington 
[Government printing office] 1897. 29 pp. 8°. 

Dayton, Alston G[ordon] 1857- Increase the navy — Cuba must be free. Speeches 
... in the House . . . March 24 and 26, 1898. [Washington, Govern- 
ment printing office, 1898?] 8 pp. 8°. 
No t.-p. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 441 

DiNSMORE, Hugh A[nderson] Belligerency for Cuba. Speech ... in the House 
. . . January 19, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 
16 pp. 8°. 

Independence of the Cuban republic. Speech ... in the House . . . 

April 13, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 7 pp. 8°. 
DocKERY, A[lexander] M[onroe] Extracts from Cuban speeches . . . in the House 
. . . January 19, February 23, March 8, and April 1, 4, 6, 7, and 13, 1898. 
[Washington, Government printing office, 1898?] 16 pp. 8°. 

No t.-p. 

[Speeches in the House . . . December 14, 17, 1897, and January 5, 12, 

and 19, 1898. Washington, Government printing office, 1898?] 16 pp. 8°. 
No t.-p. 

Extracts from Congressional record. ' 

Contents. — Government expenditures — Carson mint — Civil service — Requiring the 

producer of gold to pay transportation from assay office to coinage mint — Cuban 

independence. 

Fairbanks, Charles W[arren] 1852- Affairs in Cuba. Speech ... in the Sen- 
ate . . . April 14, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 
15 pp. 8°. 

Cuba. Speechof Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, of Indiana, in the Senate . . . 

May 20, 1897. Washington [Government printing office] 1897. 6 pp. 8°. 

Faulkner, Charles J[ames] 1847- Resolutions of intervention in Cuba. Speech 
. . . in the Senate . . . April 16, 1898. Washington [Government print- 
ing office] 1898. 7 pp. 8°. 

Foraker, Joseph B[enson] Cuban affairs. Speech . . . in the Senate . . . April 
20, 1898. [Washington, Government printing office, 1898?] 8 pp. 8°. 
No t.-p. 

The Cuban question. Speech ... in the Senate . . . April 13, 1898. 

Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
Gray, George, 1840- Speech ... in the Senate . . . April 14, 1898, in the cause 

of humanity. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 15 pp. 8°. 
Greene, William L., 1849- Cuban independence. Speech of Hon. William L. 

Greene, of Nebraska, in the House . . . April 12, 1898. Washington 

[Government printing office] 1898. 15 pp. 8°. 
Grout, William W[allace] Cuba. Remarks of William W. Grout, of Vermont, 

in the House . . . April 11, 1898. Washington [Government printing 

office] 1898. 7 pp. 8°. 
Harris, William A[lexander] Cuba . . . Speech in the Senate . . . April 5, 

1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 4 pp. 8°. 
Kenney, Richard R[olland] Cuban independence — War vi^ith Spain . . . Speech 

... in the Senate . . . April 5, 1898. Washington [Government print- 
ing office] 1898. 6 pp. 8°. 
King, William H[enry] 1863- The situation in Cuba. Speech . . . in the House 

. . . January 20, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 

50 pp. 8°. 
LiNNEY, Romulus Z[achariah] War is hell in harness . . . Speech ... in the 

House . . . April 28, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 

1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
Little, John S., 1853- The insincerity and duplicity of the Republican party 

exposed. An appeal for Cuban liberty. Speech ... in the House . . . 

January 10, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 4 

pp. 8°. 
Lodge, Henry Cabot. Intervention in Cuba. Speech ... in the Senate . . . 

April 13, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 15 pp. 



442 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Mason, William E[enest] Cuba. Speech ... in the Senate . . . May 18, 1897. 
[Washington, Government printing office.] 1897. 16 pp. 8°. 

Nelson, Knute, 1843- Affairs in Cuba. Congress can recognize the independence 
of the republic of Cuba under the war-making power. Speech of Hon. 
Knute Nelson, of Minnesota, in the Senate . . . April 16, 1898. Wash- 
ington [Government printing office] 1898. 8 pp. 8°. 

Norton, James A[lbert] What of the hour? Is it peace or war? Speech ... in 
the House of representatives . . . Mar. 16, 1898. Washington [Govern- 
ment printing office.] 1898. 14 pp. 8°. 

It is war — let it be vigorously carried forward . . . Speech ... in the 

House . . . April 28, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 
1898. 15 pp. 8°. 

Otey, Peter J[ohnston] Cuba . . . Speech ... in the House . . . April 12, 
1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 8 pp. 8°. 

Pasco, Samuel, 1834- Intervention in Cuban affairs . . . Speech ... in the 
Senate . . . April 16, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 
1898. 8 pp. 8°. 

Perkins, Geo[ege] C[lement] 1839- The destruction of the Maine an act of war. 
Address ... in the Senate . . . April 4, 1898, with report on the resolu- 
tion providing for a bronze tablet in memory of the United States sailors 
killed by the explosion of a Spanish mine in the harbor of Havana. 
Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
Contains also his speech of April 14, IS'JS, " Intervention in Cuba." 

Proctor, Eedpield. The condition of Cuba. It is not peace, nor is it war. Speech 

in the Senate of the United States, March 17, 1898. Washington, 1898. 

16 pp. 8°. 
Rawlins, Joseph L[afayette] 1850- Independence of Cuba. Eemarks ... in 

the Senate . . . April 18, 1898. Washington [Government printing 

office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 

. . . Eesolution and remarks relating to the Spanish-Cuban question . . . 

in the Senate . . . April 4, 1898. Washington [Government printing 
office] 1898. 8 pp. 8°. 

Robinson, J[ames] M., 1861- Cuba— The late Hon. Seth L. Milliken— Abuse of the 
vacation and sick leave of government employees — The war in Cuba. 
Speeches ... in the House . . . December 15, 1897, and January 20, 
1898; also memorial addresses on the life and public services of the late 
Hon. Seth L. Milliken . . . January 15, 1898. Washington [Government 
printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 

War in Cuba, by D. G. Colson. Memorial addresses by N. Dingley, C. A. Boutelle, and 
H. Skinner. 

Simpson, Jerry, 1842- The civil -service and Cuban questions. Remarks ... in 
the House of representatives, January 11 and 20, 1898. Washington [Gov- 
ernment printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 

Spooner, John C[oit] Affairs in Cuba. Speech ... in the Senate of the United 
States . . . April 15, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 
1898. 47 pp. 8°. 

SuLZER, William. ' ' The American people want Cuba to be free. ' ' Speech 
... in the House of representatives, June 17, 1897. Washington [Gov- 
ernment printing office] 1898. 6 pp. 8°. 

The reorganization of the army and Cuban independence. Speech ... in 

the House of representatives . . . April 7, 1898. Washington [Govern- 
ment printing office] 1898. 18 pp. 8°. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 443 

Thukston, JohnM[ellen] Cubamustbefree . . . Speeches . . . intheSenate . . . 
March 24, 1898 . . . April 16, 1898, and . . . April 20, 1898. Washing- 
ton [Government printing oflSce], 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
Speech of March 24 has caption-title: "Affairs in Cuba." 

Tillman, B[enjamin] K[yAN] Independence of Cuba. No reconstruction or car- 
petbag government under pretense of patriotic motives. Cuban patriots 
must not be made to pay Spain's war debt. Speech ... in the Senate of 
the United States . . . April 15, 1898. Washington [Government print- 
ing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 

TuENEE, George, 1850- . . . Independence of Cuba. Speech ... in the Senate 
of the United States . . . April 14, 1898. Washington [Government 
printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 

TuEPiE, David. Cuban independence. Speech ... in the Senate of the United 
States . . . April 5, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 
1898. 7 pp. 8°. 

Vincent, W[illiam]D., 1852- Cuban independence. Speech . . . in the House . . . 
Aprill8,1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 7pp. 8°, 

Wellington, Geoege L[odis] Cuban affairs. Speech ... in the Senate . . . 
April 16, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 12 pp. 
8°. 

White, Stephen M[allory] 1853- Executive jurisdiction in diplomatic affairs. — 
Constitutional limitations protect the presidential office. — The organic law 
inhibits interference by the legislative department with exercise of execu- 
tive functions. — The case of Julio Sanguily. Speech ... in the Senate 
. . . February 25, and . . . February 26, 1897. Washington [Govern- 
ment printing office] 1897. 46 pp. 8°. 

Cuban intervention. Speech ... in the Senate . . . April 16, 1898. 

Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 

Wilson, John L[oce:wood] Cuban independence. Speech ... in the Senate 
. . . April 16, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 
6 pp. 8°. 

Wolcott, Edwaed O [liver] Cuba. Remarks of Hon. Edw'ard O. Wolcott ... in 
the Senate . . . April 15, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 
1898. 8 pp. 8°. 

XmiTED STATES CONSULAR REPORTS, 1897-1905. 
[Earlier consular reports are noted on pp. — .] 

1897. American eggs in Cuba. John T. Hyatt, vol. 55, no. 204, Sept., 1897, p. 88. 

1897. New tariff of Cuba. Translation, made by W. C. Mayo. vol. 55, no. 207, Dec, 

1897, pp. 577-623. 

1898. Cuba and Puerto Rico. From the forthcoming ed. of "Review of the world's 

commerce," 1896-97. vol. 57, no. 214, July, 1898, pp. 321-340. 
1898. Belgian trade with Cuba and Puerto Rico. Henry C. Morris, vol. 57, no. 215, 
Aug., 1898, pp. 539-540. 

1898. Competition of Cuban sugar. Talbot J. Albert, vol. 58, no. 218, Nov., 1898, 

pp. 421-422. 

1899. Trade of Belfast with Cuba and the United States. William W. Touvelle. 

vol. 59, no. 220, Jan., 1899. pp. 76-77. 
1899. Shipments of Venezuelan cattle to Cuba. Consul Ellsworth, vol. 59, no. 222, 
Mar., 1899, pp. 378-379. 

1899. Manchester exports to Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Consul Grin- 

nell. vol. 60, no. 226, July, 1899, pp. 521-522. 

1900. Dutch exports to Cuba. S. Listoe. vol. 64, no. 242, Nov., 1900, pp. 374-375. 



444 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1901. Commerce of Hamburg with Cuba. Richard Guenther. vol. 67, no. 255, 

Dec, 1901, p. 498. 

1902. Quarantine service in Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 70, no. 266, Nov., 1902, pp. 

386-390. 
1902. Foreign insurance companies in Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 70, no. 266, Nov., 

1902, pp. 390-391. 
1902. Sugar production in Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 70, no 266, Nov., 1902, p. 385. 
1902. Patents, trade-marks, and copyrights in Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 70, no. 

267, Dec, 1902, pp. 453-466. 
1902. Imports of cheese cloth into Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 70, no. 267, Dec, 

1902, p. 468. 

1902. Fraudulent land schemes in Cuba. E. S. Bragg, vol. 70, no. 267, Dec, 1902, 

pp. 468-469. 

1903. Cuban presidential message. [Translation of President Palma's message to 

Congress.] vol. 71, no. 269, Feb., 1903, pp. 178-188. 
1903. Sanitary conditions of Habana. Jacob Sleeper, vol. 71, no. 269, Feb., 1903, 

pp. 188-192. 
1903. Importation of cattle into Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 71, no. 269, Feb., 1903, 

pp. 194. 
1903. Citizenship in Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 71, no. 269, Feb., 1903, pp. 195-197. 
1903. Sugar crop in Santiago de Cuba. R. E. Holaday. vol. 71, no. 269, Feb., 1903, 

p. 197. 
1903. Uruguayan commerce with Cuba. Albert W. Swalm. vol. 71, no. 271, Apr., 

1903. pp. 520-521. 

1903. Trade of Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 72, no. 272, May, 1903, p. 126. 

1903. Trade at Santiago de Cuba. R. E. Holaday. vol. 72, no. 272, May, 1903, 

p. 127. 
1903. Sawmills and lumber in Cuba. Max J. Baehr. vol. 72, no. 272, May, 1903, 

p. 128. 
1903. Cuban diplomatic and consular service. J. Sleeper, vol. 72, no. 272, May, 

1903, pp. 128-129. 
1903. American vs. European manufactures in Cuba. vol. 72, no. 274, July, 1903, 

pp. 353-356. 
1903. Agricultural lands in Cuba. R. E. Holaday. vol. 72, no. 274, July, 1903, pp. 

357-358. 
1903. Trade of Cienfuegos. Max J. Baehr. vol. 72, no. 274, July, 1903, pp. 358-360. 
1903. Trade at Santiago de Cuba. R. E. Holaday. vol. 72, no. 274, July, 1903, 

p. 361. 
1903. Cuban tariff on coffee. H. G. Squiers. vol. 73, no. 276, Sept., 1903, p. 99. 
1903. Cuba. Annual report for 1903. F. Steinhart. vol. 73, no. 278, Nov., 1903, 

pp. 411-437. 
1903. Cuban fruit in the United States, vol. 73, no. 279, Dec, 1903, pp. 618-619. 

OTHER PUBLICATIONS. 

Abad, L. V. DE. New constitution establishing self government in the islands of 

Cuba and Porto Rico. 
A. G. 0. Military notes on Cuba. 
Alfonso, P. A. Memorias de un matancero. Apuntes para la historia de la Isla de 

Cuba, con relacion a la ciudad de San Carlos y San Severino de Matan- 

zas. Mantanzas, 1854. 
Alcosta, Leandro Gonzalez. Qu6 pasa en Cuba; por qu6 crece la insurrecci6n y 

como se extravia aqui la opinion publica. 2" edicion. Le6n, 1896. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 445 

Bailly-Bailliere. Anuario del comercio, de la industria, de la magistradura y de 

la adminitracion, 6 directorio de las 400,000 senas de Espana, Ultramar, 

Estados Hispano-Americanos y Portugar. Ano XVIII. Madrid, 1896. 
Ballou, M. M. Due south; Cuba, past and present. Boston, 1885. 
Bando de Gobernacion y policia de la Isla de Cuba, expedido por el excelentisimo 

Senor D. Jeronimo Valdes, presidente, gobernador y capitdn general. 
Habana, 1840. 
Behm and Wagner. Die Bevolkerung der Erde, nos. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8. (In Petermann'a 

Geographische Mittheilungen. Erganzungshefte 33 (1872), 35 (1874), 62 

(1880), 69 (1882), 101 (1892). 
Blackman. Spanish institutions in the southwest. 
Brooke, John R. , Major- General. Reports on affairs of Cuba, 1898. 
Blanchet, Emilio. Compendio de la historia de Cuba. Matanzas, 1866. 
Callahan, J. M. Cuba and international relations. Censo de la poblacion de 

Espafia segun el recuento verificado en 25 de diciembre de 1860, por la 

Junta general de estadistica. 
Censo de la poblacion de Espana segun el empadronamiento hecho en 31 de 

diciembre de 1887, por la iDireccion general del Instituto geogrdfico y 

estadistico. 
Castro de Fernandez. Estudios sobre las minas de oro en la Isla de Cuba. Habana, 

1865. 
Carrion, Leopoldo Barrios y, Capitdn del Estado Mayor. Sobre la historia de la 

guerra de Cuba. Barcelona, Revista cientifico-militar, 1888-90. 
Cespedest, F. de Armas y. De la esclavitud en Cuba. Madrid, 1866. 
Clark. Commercial Cuba. 
Columbus, Christopher. Journal of voyages. 

CoNTE, F. A. La lucha polltica en Cuba (1878-89). Habana, 1889. 
Cuban Belligerency. Petition of Tomds Estrada Palma, delegate of the Republic 

of Cuba. Statement of the law, by Horatio S. Rubens, counsel for the 

delegation. New York (1896). 
Davey. Cuba, past and present. 
Delitsch, Otto. Cuba (in Stein and Horschelmann, Handbuch der Geographie und 

Statistik). 7th ed. vol. 1, pt. 4, pp. 1870-1917. 
D'Hespel D'Harponville, Gustave. La reine des Antilles. 
DoMiNGUEz. Los antiguos diputados de Cuba. 
Edwards. History of the West Indies. Encyclopgedia Americana; Encyclopaedia 

Britannica: The West Indies. 
Erenchun, J. F. Anales de la Islade Cuba. Diccionario administrativo, economico, 

estadistico y legislativo. 3 vols. Madrid; Habana, 1857-64. 
Eslava, Rafael G. Juicio critico de Cuba en 1887. (Habana, 1887.) 

Historia colonial de Cuba desde su descubrimiento hasta el ano 1888. (Ha- 
bana, 1889.) 
Espana y Cuba. Estado politico y administrativo de la Grande Antilla bajo la domi- 

nacion espanola. (Madrid, 1896. ) 
Ferrer, R. Estudios fisicos, geogrdflcos y geologicos de Cuba. 
FiGUERA, F. Estudios sobre la Isla de Cuba. La cuestion social. (Madrid, 1866.) 
PisKE, A. K. The West Indies. 
FisKE, John. Discovery of America. 
Froude. Oceana. 

Gonzalez, Vicente Torres Y. La insurreccion de Cuba. (Madrid, 1896.) 
Halstead. Story of Cuba. 
Helps. Spanish colonization in America. 
Hill, R. T. Cuba and Porto Rico. 
Hume. History of Spain, 



446 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Irving. The companions of Columbus. 

The life and voyages of Columbus. 

KiDD, B. Control of the Tropics. 

Kimball, R. B. Cuba and the Cubans. History and condition of the island. 

Lee, Fitzhugh, Maj. Gen. Report on Cuban affairs. 

Lodge, Henry Cabot. The Spanish-American war. 

Ludlow, Wm., Maj. Gen. Report on Cuban affairs, 1898-99. 

Macdonald. Select documents of United States history. 

Merchan, Rafael M. Cuba: Justificacion de su guerra de independencia. 

Merivale. Colonization and colonies. 

Moreno, Francisco. Cuba y su gente. Apuntes para la historia. El pais del 

chocolate. 
NMez, Severo Gomez, Capitan de artilleria. Estudios geognlficos y estadieticos 

de la Isla de Cuba. 
Oeellano, Cespedes y. Elementos teorico-prActicos de procedimientos civiles, con 

aplicacion d las islas de Cuba y Puerto Rico. 
Ortega, Juan Calero y, Teniente de infanteria. Guerras irregulares y de montana. 
Pascual, Augustin. Rapport sur I'etat, 1' organisation et le progres de la statistique 

en Espagne, presente a la huitieme session du Congres international de 

statistique. 
Pasaron y Lastra, R. La Isla de Cuba considerada economicamente. 
Pepper. To-morrow in Cuba. 

Pezuela, Jacobo de la. Historia de la guerra de Cuba. 
Pieltain, Candido, Capitan General. La Isla de Cuba desde mediados de abril A 

fines de pctubre de 1873. 
PiRALA, A. Anales de la guerra de Cuba. 
Porter, Robt. P. Industrial Cuba. 
QuEiPO, V. Vasquez. Informe sobre la poblacion blanca en la Isla de Cuba. 

Resena geogrdfica y estadistica de Espana. Por la Direccion general del Insti- 

tuto geogrdfico y estadistico. 
Reclus, Elisee. The earth and its inhabitants: North America; Universal Geog- 
raphy. Resumen del censo de poblacion de la Isla de Cuba d fin del ai5o 

de 1841. 
Sagra, Ramon de la. Historia fisica y natural de la Isla de Cuba. 
Sago, Antonio. Folletos escritos contra la anexion de la Isla de Cuba d loa Estados 

Unidos de America. 
Santacilla, p. Lecciones orales sobre la historia de Cuba, pronunciadas en el 

Ateneo democrdtico cubano de Nueva York. 
Salazar, Pedro Gutierrez y. Reformas de Cuba. Cuestion social. 
Salto, Rafael Delforme. Cuba y la reforma colonial en Espana. 
Shaw, Albert. Municipal government in Great Britain and Europe. 
Sotomayor, V. Feijo. Isla de Cuba: Inmigracion de trabajadores espafioles; docu- 

mentos y memoria sobre esta materia. 
ToRRADO, Antonio Romero. El problema de Cuba. 
Torre, Jose M. de la. Novlsimos elementos de geografia e historia de la Isla de 

Cuba. 
ToRRiENTE, M. Bosquejo economico-politico de la Isla de Cuba. 
Tuero, Fernando Lopez. Estudio moral de los factores de la produccion en Cuba 

y Puerto Rico. 
VivEs, F. D. Cuadro estadistico de la Isla de Cuba correspondiente al ano 1827. 

Precedido de una descripcion historica, fisica, geogrdfica y notas. 
Wilson, J. H., Maj. Gen. Report on Cuban affairs. 1898. 
Wood, Leonard, Maj. Gen. Report on Cuban affairs. 
Zamora. Legislacion ultramarina. 
Zaragosa. Cuban insurrections. 



~ MAPS RELATING TO CUBA. 

[Compiled by P. Lee Phillips of the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C] 

1492. Croquis de una parte de los archipielagos de Bahama y Antillas, para elucidar 
principalmente las cuestiones de cuales sean la verdadera Guanahani de 
Colon i el puerto de la isla de Cuba, en que primero recalo. lljxlS^. 
[In Varnhagen (F. A. de). La verdadera Guanhani de Colon. 8°. Santiago, 1864]. 

1492. Extrait de la carte du premier voyage de Christophe Colomb, dressee par m. 
de Navarette. Gravee par Berthe. 82xl2|. 

[In Nouvelles annales des voyages. 2« s6rie. 8°. Paris, Gide flls, 1828. v. 10, 
p. 299] . 

1492-1692. [Dibujo atribuido d Cristobal Colon, que se halla unido A la traduccion 
latina de Cozco de la carta que aquel escribio al tesorero Sanchez. Figura 
de la isla de Cuba en el Isolario de Benedeto Bordoni de 1528. — Figura de 
la misma isla en una carta unida a una edicion de Tolomeo de 1513. — Otra 
figura de dicha isla en una carta de Teodoro de Bry de 1592. — Otra figura 
en una gran carta portuguesa, pintada sobre pergamino, que se halla en la 
biblioteca real de Paris. — Otra figura en la carta de Paolo Forlano, titulada 
La descriptione de tuto il Peru, por los afios 1564 y 1565]. llfxS. 

[In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, polltica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 2, nos. 1-6]. 

1493-1500. Parte correspondiente d la America de la carta general de Juan de La 
Cosa, piloto en el segundo viage de Cristobal Colon en 1493, y en la expe- 
dicion de Alonzo de Hojeda en 1499. Calcada sobre la original que posee 
el sr. baron de Walckenaer . . . 23x34. Paris, 1837. 

[In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2]. 

1528. Cuba. 3ix5|. 

[Ill Bordone (Benedetto). Libro, nel qual si regiona de tutti 1' isola del mondo. 4° 
Vinegia, N. d'Aristotile, detto Zoppino, 1528. p. 13]. 

1528. [West Indies]. 3ix5|. 

[In Bordone (Benedetto). Libro, nel qual si regiona de tutti 1' isola del mondo. 4° 
Vinegia, N. d'Aristotile, detto Zoppino, 1528. p. 14] . 

1555. Parte de una carta del atlas universal manuscrito de Guillermo Le Testu. 
1555. 12x9. 

[M Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 3] . 

• 1564-1565. [Mapa de la isla de una coleccion de Fernando Berteli, ,hecha por los 
anos de 1564 y 1565]. 10x7. 

[In Sagra (Ram6n de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 4] . 

1564-1604. [Piano de la isla de Cuba de Paolo Forlano de 1564. — Isla de Cuba de una 
carta de Teodoro Bry de 1594. — La misma isla de la gran carta manuscrita 
y pintada de Matheum Nerenium Pegciolem de 1604] . 12|x9^. 

[In Sagra (Ram6n de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 5, nos. 1-3] . 

447 



448 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1579. Cvliacanae, Americae regionis, descriptio. — Hispaniolae, Cvbae, aliarvmqve 
insvlarvm circvmiacientivm, delineatio. 1579. 14x19^. 

[Jm Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrvm orbis terrarvm. Opus nunc tertio ab ipso auctore 
recognitum. fol. Antverpiae, apud C. Plantinum, 1584. no. 7]. 



Same. 
Same. 
Same. 
Same. 
Same. 
Same. 
Same. 
Same. 



[In Ortelius (Abraham). Th^Eltre de I'vnivers. fol. [Anvers, C. Plantin], 1587. 
no. 7] . 

[In Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrvm orbis terrarvm. fol. Antverpiae, in oflftcina 
Plantiniana, 1592. no. 8] . 

[In Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrvm orbis terrarvm Abrahami Orteli. fol. [Ant- 
werp] , ghedruckt voor Abraham Ortelius, 1598. no. 8] . 

[In Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrvm orbis terrarvm. fol. Antverpiae, ex ofl&cina 
Plantiniana, 1601. no. 8] . 

[In Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrvm orbis terrarvm. Editio vltima. fol. Ant- 
verpiae, apvd I. B. Vrintivm, 1603. no. 8] . 

[In Ortelius (Abraham). Theatro del mondo. fol. In An versa, libraria Plantiniana, 
1612. no. 8]. 

[Inserted in Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrum oder schawplatz des erdbodems. fol. 
Antorff, Gielis von Diest, 1572. no. 8] . 



[Inserted in Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrum orbis terrarum. Opus nunc denuo ab 
ipso auctore recognitum. uncolored ed. fol. Antverpiae, apud A. R. Gandensem, 
1575. no. 4] . 

1586-88. Voyage par mer fait par Thomas Candisch dans les Indes Occidentales, et 
de la autour du monde, tire de ses memoires et des cartes les plus correctes 
qui en ont ete faites sur les lieux, nouvellement rendu public par Pierre 
vander Aa. Sfxll^. 

[In Aa (Pierre vander). Atlas nouveau et curieux des plus celfebres itin^raires. 
obi. fol. Leide, P. Van Der Aa, [1728?] no. 4] 

1586-98. Carte des divers voyages du Comte de Cumberland vers les cotes d'Afrique, 
vers Porto Rico et autres iles de I'Amerique, dressez sur ses relations, et 
sur differentes observations posterieures, recemment donnez au public par 
Pierre vander Aa. Milliaria Germania 15 in uno gradu. 8^x11. 

[In Aa (Pierre vander). Atlas nouveau et curieux des plus c61ebres itin^raires. 
obi. fol. Leide, P. Van Der Aa, [1728?] no. 96]. 

1599. Cuba ende Jamaica. — Cuba insula. Petrus Kserius csela. 3ix4|. 

[In Langenes (Bernardt). Caert-thresoor inhoudende de tafelen des gantsche werelts 
landen. 2 v. in 1. obi. 16°. Amsterdam, C. Claesz, 1599. v. 2, p. 151]. 

1599. Cuba, Hispaniola, lucatan, &c. — Insularum Cubge, Hispaniote, lucatanse & 
circumjacentium describtio. 35-x4|. 

[In Langenes (Bernardt) . Caert-thresoor inhoudende de tafelen des gantsche werelts 
landen. 2 v. in 1. obi. 16°. Amsterdam, C. Claesz, 1599. v. 2, p. 149]. 

1605. Cvba insvla et Jamaica. 8x11. 

[In W^ytfliet (Cornelius) and others. Histoire vniverselle des Indes. fol. Douay, 
F. Fabri, 1597. bet. pp. 100-101] . 

1605. Residvm continentis cum adiacentibus insvlis. 9x11. 

[In Wytfliet (Cornelius) and others. Histoire universelle des Indes. fol. Douay. 
F. Fabri, 1605. facing p. 97]. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 449 

1607-1679. [Porcion de la costa de la iala de Cuba, gravada d principios del siglo 
XVIII. Isla de Cuba del atlas de Hondius de 1607. Piano manu crito 
de la ciudad de la Habana en 1615, que se halla en las carteras del Deposito 
de la marina en Paris. Piano manuscrito conservado en el mismo depo- 
sito, y que lleva por lej^enda: La Havane en 1670, envoye par m. le c. d'Es- 
trees, suivant sa lettre de 10 octobre 1679 a, Brest]. 85^x14^. 

[In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, polltica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 6, no. 1-2]. 

1609. Cuba insula. — Havana. — Hispaniola insula. — Insula lamaica. — Ins. S. loan- 
nis. — Ins. Margareta cum conflniis. 14x19}. 

[i« Mercator (Gerard). L'atlas ou meditations cosmographiqves. fol. Amsterodami, 
I. Hondij, 1609. no. 144]. 



Same. 



Same. 



Same. 



[Tw Mercator (Gerard). Atlaa sive cosmographicse meditationes. Denuo auctus. fol. 
Amsterodami, I. Hondij, 1619. p. 360] . 

[J)i Mercator (Gerhard). Atlas, sive cosmographiesemeditiones. Editio deeima. fol. 
Amsterdami, sumptibus, H. Hondij, 1630. p. 387]. 

[7m Mercator (Gerard). Atlas ou representation du monde universel. Ed. nouv. 2 v. 
fol. Amsterdam, H. Hondius, 1633. v. 2, pp. 702-703] . 

Same. 

[In Mercator (Gerard). Atlas, or a geographieke description of the regions, countries 
and kingdomes of the world. 2 v. fol. Amsterdam, H. Hondius, 1636-38. v. 2, 
p. 447] . 

1609. Cuba insula. Petrus Kserius csela. 3^x5. 

[In Langenes (Bernardt). Hand-boeck of cort begrijp der caerten ende beschry- 
vinghen van alle landen des werelds. obi. 32°. 't Amstelredam, Cornells Claesz, 
1609. p. 711] . 

1609. Insularum Cubee, Hispaniolae, lucatanse, & circumjacentium describtio. 3^x5. 
[In Langenes (Bernardt). Hand-boeck of cort begrijp der caerten ende beschrijvin- 
ghen van alle landen des werelds. obi. 32°. Amstelredam, Cornelis Claesz, 1609. 
p. 707]. 

1615-1679. [Piano manuscrito de la ciudad de la Habana en 1615, que se halla en las 
carteras del deposito de la marina en Paris. — Piano manuscrito conservado 
en el mismo deposito, y que lleva por leyenda: La Havane en 1679, envoye 
par m. le c. d'Estrees, suivant sa lettre de 10 Octobre 1679, a Brest]. 
13x7J. 

[In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, polltica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 7]. 

1625. De groote ende kleyne eylanden van West-Indien. 11x14. 

[Jw Laet (Joannes de). Nieuvve wereldt, ofte beschrijvinghe van West-Indien. fol. 
Leyden, J. Elzevier, 1625. opp. p. 1]. 

Note. — Also in the translated editions of de Laet, 1633 and 1640, and the Dutch edi- 
tion of 1630. 

1628. Abbildung weelcher gestalt die Spanische silberflotta vondem Holliindischen 
general Peter Peters Hayn an der insel Cuba in der baya Patanca anno 
1628 erobert worden. 7jxl5|. 

[In Abelin (Johann Philipp) . Newe welt und Americanische historien. Durch John 
Ludwig Gottfriedt. [pseud.] fol. Franckfurt am Main, M. Merian, 1631. bet. 
pp. 66-67]. 

159a— 05 29 



450 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1628. Cvba insvla. — Ins. lamaica. — Ins. S. loannis. — Hispaniola insula. — I. S. Mar- 
gareta. 5|x7. 

[In Mercator (Gerard). Atlas minor, obi. 8°. Amsterodami, ex officina I. lanssonii, 

1628. p. 647] . 
Note.— Text in double column on verso of the map. 

Same. 

[Jw Mercator (Gerard). Atlas minor, obi. 12°. Amsterodami, ex officina I. lanssonii, 
1634. p. 643]. 

Same. 

[In Mercator (Gerard). Atlas minor, obi. 12°. Amstelodami, ex oflBcina loannis 

lanssonii , 1651. pt. 2, p. 397] . 
Note.— Inset to "Cvba insvla": " Hauana portus." 

1639. Insvlee Americanae in oceano septentrionali, cum terris adiacentibus. 15x205^. 
Amsterdami, apud loannem lanssonium, [1639]. 

[/« Hondius ( Henricus) . Nouveau theatre dv monde. fol. Amsterdam, H. Hondius, 
1639. V. 3, no. 103] . 

Same. 

[In Jansson (Jan). Novus atlas, sive theatrum orbis terrarum. fol. Amstelodami, 
J. Janssonium, 1646-49. v. 3, pt. 2, no. 26] . 

Same. 

[i>i Jansson (Jan). Nuevo atlas, fol. Amsterdam, I. lansson, 1653. v. 2]. 

1646. Carta prima generale d' America dell' India Occidentale e mare del Zur. Afo. 
Lucini, feci. 19x27J. 

[In T)ud\ey CRohen, duke of Northumhericnd). Dell' arcane del mare. fol. Firenze, 
F. Onofri, 1646. book 2, p. 40] . 

1652. Havana. 1^x2. 

[/?i Visscher (Nikolaas). Atlas minor sive geographia compendiosa. fol. Amstelse- 

dami, N. Visscher, [1690?] colored ed. no. 2]. 
Note. — Inset to no. 2, "Nova totius terrarum orbia . . . tabula. 1652." 

1656. Les isles Antilles, etc., entre lesquelles sont les Lvcayes, et les Caribes. Par 

N. Sanson. 15Jx22. Paris, I'autheur, 1656. 

[/m Cappel (Jacques). Cartes recueillies en un tome, en 1679. fol. [n. p., 1679]. 
no. 119] . 

Same. 

[In Sanson (Nicolas, d' Abbeville), Sanson (Guillaume) and Sanson (Nicolas, fits). 
Cartes g6n6rales de la g^ographie ancienne et nouvelle. fol. Paris, chez I'auteur 
et P. Mariette, 1675. v. 1, no. 26] . 

1657. Les Isles Antilles, etc., entre lesquelles sont les Lucayes, et les Caribes. Par 

N. Sanson, 1657. 8Jxl2. 

[In his L'Ami5rique en plvsievrs cartes. 4°. Paris, I'avthevr, 1657. no. 7]. 

1658. Insulee Americanae in oceano septentrionali cum terris adiacentibus. 15x20}. 

[In Blaeu (Willem Janszoon) and Blaeu (Joan). Toonneel des aerdriicx, ofte nievwe 
atlas, fol. Amsterdami, apud I. Guiljelmi f. Blaeu, 1648-58. v. 2, pt. 2. America, 
bet. pp. 4-5] . 

Same. 

[In Blaeu (W. J.) and Blaeu (Jan). Le grand atlas, ov cosmographie Blaviane, 
contenant rAmfirique. fol. Amsterdam, J. Blaeu, 1667. v. 12, bet. pp. 83-84]. 

1658. Pascaerte vande Caribische eylanden, vande Barbados tot aende bocht van 
Mexico. 2 sheets each, 17x21}. Amsterdam, H. Doncker, 1658. 

[In Doncker (Hendrick). De zee-atlas ofte water waereld. fol. Amsterdam, H. 
Doncker, 1660. no. 21-22] . 

■ Same. 

[/n Doncker (Hendrick). De zee-atlas ofte water- wsereld. t' Amsterdam, H. Doncker, 
1666. no. 24-25]. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 451 

1661. Pascaerte vande Caraibes, S. luan de Porte Rico, de oosthoeck van I. Span- 
gnola als mede de vaste cust van Nueva Andalusia met de eylanden daer 
omtrent gelegen. Nieu-lyckx uitgegeven t Amsterdam. By Johannes 
van Loon, zee-caert-maeker en plaet-snyder. 171x21^. 

[In Loon (Johannes van). Klaer lichtende noortster ofte zee atlas, fol. t' Amster- 
dam, J. van Loon, 1661. no. 44]. 

1661. Pascaarte vande vaste cust en eylanden van West Indian, als mede de Virginis 
en Nieu-Nederland, van C. Droge tot C. Cod. 17^x21^. 't Amsterdam, 
by Johannes van Loon, plaet-snyder en zee-caart-maker. 

[In Loon (Joannes van). Klaer lichtende noortster ofte zee atlas, fol. t' Amster- 
dam, J. van Loon, 1661. no. 421. 

Same. 

[Jto Loon (Jan van). Klaer-lichtende noort-star oste zee-atlas, fol. t' Amsterdam, 
J. van Loon, 1666. no. 31] . 

1666. Pascaerte van West Indien de vaste kusten en de eylanden. 17^x21^. 

[Jji Goos (Pieter). [De zee-atlas ofte water- weereld] . fol. [Amsterdam, P. Goos, 
1666]. no. 34]. 

Same. 

[Jw Goos (Pieter). De zee-atlas ofte water- weereld. fol. Amsterdam, P. Goos, 1666. 
no. 85] . 

1667. Canibalis insvlge. 16^x20J. 

[In Blaeu (W. J.) and Blaeu (Jan). Le grand atlas, ov cosmographie Blaviane, 
contenant I'Am^rique. fol. Amsterdam, J. Blaeu, 1667. v. 12, bet. pp. 95-96]. 

1671. Havana. [View]. 11^x13^. 

[In Montanus (Arnoldus). De nieuwe en onhekende weereld. 4°. t' Amsterdam, 

J. Meurs, 1671. bet. pp. 154-155] . 
Note. — Same in Ogilby's America, 1671 and Dapper's German translation, 1673. 

1671. Insulfe Americanse in oceano septentrionali cum terris adiacentibus. llxlSJ. 
[In Montanus (Arnoldus). De nieuwe en onbekende weerld. 4°. t' Amsterdam, 

J. Meurs, 1671. bet. pp. 172-173] . 
Note. — Same in Ogilby's America, 1671 and Dapper's German translation, 1673. 

1675? Generaele kaert van West Indien vande linie aequinoctiael tot benoorde Terra 
Neuf. Duytsche mylen 15 in een graadt. 17^x21. 

[In Roggeveen (Arend). Het eerste deel van het brandende veen, verlichtende alle 
devaste kusten ende eylanden van geheel West-Indien. fol. t' Amsteldam, 
P. Goos, [1675] . index map] . 

1675? Pascaerte van de eylanden Cuba en Jamaica en de andere eylanden daer ontrent 
gelegen beschreven door Arent Roggeveen. Duytsche mylen 15 in een 
graadt. 16^x20^. 

[In Roggeveen (Arend). Het eerste deel van het brandende veen, verlichtende alle 
de vaste kusten ende eylanden van geheel West-Indien. fol. t' Amsteldam, 
P. Goos, [1675] . no. 24] . 

1675? Paskaert vande noorde cust van Cuba, streckende van bahia de Matancas tot 
Pahia Honda. Beschreven door Arent Roggeveen. Duytsche mylen 15 
in een graad. 16x20. 

[In Roggeveen (Arend). Het eerste deel van het brandende veen, verlichtende alle 
de vaste kusten ende eylanden van geheel West-Indien. fol. t' Amsteldam, 
P. Goos, [1675] . no. 25] . 

1675? Roggeveen (Arend). Het eerste deel van het brandende veen, verlichtende 
alle de vaste kusten ende eylanden van geheel West-Indien. 6 p. 1., 
62, [1] pp., 33 col. maps. fol. t' Amsteldam, P. Goos, [1675]. 

Note. — Date 1676 at end of dedication. Title-page and maps beautifully illumi- 
nated. Contains the following maps relating to Cuba: no. 1, Generaele kaert van 
West Indien. no. 21, Pascaerte van de noordcust van Spagnola tusschen de bay 
van Mansaniella tot de reede van 't eylandt Tortugas. no. 23, Pascaert van de eylan- 
. den Cuba en Jamaica en de andere eylanden daer ontrent gelegen. no. 24, Paskaert 
vande Noord cust van Cuba, streckende van bahia Matancas tot Bahia Honda. 




452 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1675. A chart of the Caribe islands. By John Seller. 17x21. 

[In his Atlas maritimus. fol. London, J. Darby, for the author, 1675. no. 45]. 

1675. A chart of the West Indies, from Cape Cod to the river Oronoque. By John 
Seller. 17x23*. 

[In his Atlas maritimus. fol. London, J. Darbr, for the author, 1675. no. 40]. 

1675. A general chart of the West India's. By John Seller. 17x21J. 

[In his Atlas maritimus. fol. London, J. Darby, for the author, 1675. no. 38]. 

1678? A chart of the West Indies from Cape Cod to the river Oronoque. By J. Seller. 
16x20*. [London, 1678?] 
[American maps. v. 4, no. 10] . 

1679. The chief islands of y« Antille' and Lucayes. 3x2. 

[J?! Seller (John). Atlas minimus, 32°. [London, J. Seller, 1679]. no. 48]. 

1680. A chart of the island Cuba. The gulf of Florida, with the Bahama islands, 

and ye Windward passage. {anon.J 17x21. [London, ca. 1680]. 
[American maps. v. 4, no. 35] . 
Note.— Attributed to John Thornton. 

1680. Pascaerte van de ej^landen Cuba en Jamaica en de andere eylanden daer ontrent 
gelegen. Beschreven door Arent Roggeveen. Duytsche mylen 15 in een 
graadt. 16^x20. 

[In Roggeveen (Arend). La primera parte del Monte de Turba ariente allum- 
brando con la claridad de su fuego todas las costas firmes, y yslas de toda la India- 
Occidental, fol. Amsterdam, P. Goos, 1680. no. 24]. 

1680. Paskaert vande noord oust van Cuba, strekende van bahia de Mantancas tot 
Bahia Hondia. Beschreven door Arent Roggeveen. Duytsche mylen 15 
in een graed. 16x20. 

[In Roggeveen (Arend). La primera parte del Monte de Turba ardiente allum- 
brando eon la claridad de su fuego todas las costas firmes, y yslas de toda la India- 
Occidental, fol. Amsterdam, P. Goos, 1680. no. 2.5]. 

1680. Roggeveen (Arend). La primera parte del Monte de Turba ardiente allum- 
brando con la claridad de su fuego todas las costas firmes, y yslas de toda 
la India-Occidental ... 2 p. 1., 68 pp., 33 maps. fol. Amsterdam, 
P. Goos, 1680. 

1683. Les isles Antilles, &c entre lesquelles sont les Lucayes, et les Caribes. Par 

N. Sanson d'Abbe^■ille geogr: ord'''^ du roy. AD. Winter sculp. 8Jxl2. 
[In Sanson (Nicolas, d' Abbeville). Geographische en historische beschryvingh der 
vier bekende werelds-deelen Europa, Asia, Africa en America. 4°. Utrecht, 
Johannes Ribbins, 1683. bet. pp. 616-617] . 

Same. 

[In Luyts (Jan). Joannis Luyts, philosophise professoris, introductio ad geographiam 
novam et veterem. 8°. Trajecti ad Rhenum, ex officina Francisci Halma, 1692. 
bet. pp. 716-717] . 

1683. Pascaerte van West Indien begrijpende in zich de vaste kusten en eylanden, 
alles op sj'n ware lengte en breete op wassende graden gelegt. 20x22|. 
t' Amsterdam by lacobus Robijn. 
• [J?j Robijn (Jacobus). Zee, zea-atlas-aquatique, del mar. fol. Amsterdam, J. Robijn, 

1683. no. 36] . 

1690? Insulse Americange in oceano Septentrional! ac regiones adiacentes, a C. de 

May usque ad lineam jequinoctialem. Per Nicolaum Visscher. 18ix22|^. 

[In Visscher (Nikolaas). Atlas minor sive geographia compendiosa. fol. Amste- 

Isedami, N. Visscher [1690?] colored ed. no. 125] . 
Note.— Also in the uncolored edition of Visscher, no. 109 

Same. 

[In Wit (Frederick de). Atlas maior. fol. Amsterdam, F. de Wit, [1700-1706]. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. ' 453 

1695. [Piano manuscrito de la ciudad y puerto de la Habana, sin fecha ni nombre de 
autor. Puesto que representa la muralla de fortificacion como concluida, 
debe ser el mapa posterior al ano de 1695]. 13x8i. 

[In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historla fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 8] . 

1695-97. Isola Cuba . . . 8Jxll|. 

[In Coronelli (Vincenzo). Atlante Veneto. fol. Venetia, 1695-97. v. 2, pt. 2, pp. 
164-165] . 

1695-97. Isole Antili, la Cuba, e la Spagnuola . . . 10x17. 

[In Coronelli (Vincenzo). Atlante Veneto. fol. Venetia, 1695-97. v. 2, pt. 2, bet. 
pp. 160-161] . 

1698. Pas kaart van de noord oost kust van Cuba en d'oost kust van Florida vervaa- 

tende de canal van Bahama met de Bahaamse eylanden, door v ooght, geo- 
metra. 20^x23. Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1698]. 

[In Voogt (Claes Jansz). La nueva, y grande relumbrante antorcha de la mar. fol. 
Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1700?] no. 86]. 

Note.— Title-page for the part of the atlas containing this map is dated 1698. 

1698. Pas kaart van de zuyd kust van Cuba en van geheel Yamaica en and're 

"" bygeleegen plaatsen, door Vooght, geometra. 20^x23. Amsterdam, J. 
van Keulen, [1698]. 

[In Voogt (Claes Jansz). La nueva, y grande relumbrante antorcha de la mar. fol. 

Amsterdam, J. van Ketil en, [1700?] no. 82]. 
Note. — Title-page for the part of the atlas containing this map is dated 1698. 
Insets: "Baya Oristan in Yamaica," and "Baya Yamaica." 

1698. Pas kaart van West Indien behelsende soo deszelffs vaste kusten als d'onder 
behoorende eylanden aan de Noord oceaan door I. C. Vooght, geometra. 
20^x23. Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1698]. 

[In Voogt (Claes Jansz). La nueva, y grande relumbrante antorcha de la mar. fol. 

Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1700]. no. 71]. 
Note. — Title-page for the first part of the atlas containing this map is dated 1698. 
V. 2, no. 73] . 

1700. Le golfe de Mexique, et les isles voisines, dresse sur les relations les plus nou- 
velles. — Archipelague du Mexique, ou sont des isles de Cuba, Espagnola, 
Jamaica, &c. dresse sur les relations les plus nouvelles. 23|x33J. 
Amstedam, chez Pierre IVIortier. 

[In Neptune (Le) Franpois. De Fransche Neptunus. fol. Amsterdam, P. Mortier, 
1693-1700. V. 3, no. 23]. 

1702. Havana een vermaerde haven in 't Noorder Amerika, op't eilant Kuba. Pet. 
Schenk. Amsteld. c. p. 7|xlO. 

[In Schenk (Pieter). Petri Schenkii heeatompolis. obi. 4°. [Amsteleedami] , P. 
Schenkii,1702. no. 95]. 

1702. Les isles de I'Amerique connue?. sous le nom d' Antilles ou sont les isles de 
Cuba, St. Dominque et Jamaique les Lucayes, les Caribes, et celles du 
Vent. Par JST. de Fer. H. van Loon sculp. 8|xl3. Paris, chez I'auteur, 
1702. 

[In Fer (Nicolas de). L'atlas curieux. obi. 4°. Paris, [N.] de Fer, 1700-[1704]. 
no. 148] . 

1705. De Antillische eilanden, waar onder zyn de Lucaysche en Caribesche. Door 
N. Sanson d' Abbeville, geogr: ord'^'^ du roy. 84x12. 

[In La Croix (A. Ph6rot6e de). Algemeene weereldbeschryving. 4°. Amsterdam, 
F. Halma, 1705. v. 3]. 

1705-20. Carte des Antilles fran^oises et des isles voisines. 19xl2J. 

[In Chatelain (H. A.). Atlas historique. [anon.] fol. Amsterdam, 1705-20. v. 6, 
p. 154] . 

1709? Insvlarvm Hispaniolee et Cubae cum insulis circum jacentibus accurata delin- 
eatio. 16x20f. Amstelodami apud Pet: Schenk, et Ger: Valk, [1709?] 



454 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

171-. A chart of ye West Indies or the islands of North America in the North sea, 
. . . Being ye present seat of war. By Herman Moll. 11x13. [London], 
for T. Bowles and J. Bowles, [171-]. 

1712? Pas kaart vande noord oost kust van Cuba en d'oost kust van Florida ver- 
waatende de canal van Bahama met de Bahaamse eylanden door Voogt. 
20x23. Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1712?] 

1712? Pas kaart vande zuyd kust van Cuba en van geheel Yamaica en andre byge- 
leegen plaatsen door Vooght geometra. Duytsche mylen 15 in een graadt. 
Spaansche mylen 17^ in een graadt. Eng. en Fran: mylen 20 in een 
graadt. 20^x23. Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1712?] 

1715. A map of the West Indies or the islands of America in the North sea, with ye 
adjacent countries; explaining what belongs to Spain, England, France, 
Holland, &c. also ye trade winds, and ye several tracts made by ye 
galeons and fiota from place to place. By Herman Moll. 33x40. [Lon- 
don], for T. Bowles & J. Bowles, [1715?] 
[American maps. v. 1, no. 13] . 

1715-20. Moll (Herman). A map of the West Indies, or the islands of America in 
the North Sea; with ye adjacent countries; explaining which belongs to 
Spain, [etc.] 24x38. 

[Z?i Ms The world described, fol. London, 1715-20. no. 10]. 

1721. A new map of the English empire in the ocean of America, or West Indies. 

Revis'd by I. Senex. 20x23. 

[Jm New general atlas, [anon.] fol. London, for D. Browne, 1721. facing p. 186] . 

1722. Baye et ville de la Havana ou de S. Christoval. 8x13. 

[J?i Coreal (Francois). Voyages. 16°. Amsterdam, 1722. v. 1, facing p. 8] . 

1728? Les Antilles dans I'Am^rique vis-a-vis de la terre-ferme de la Floride, du 
Mexique, Nouvelle Espagne, Cartagene, Iticatan et Darien, avec les fron- 
tieres pres de la mer de Sud, suivant les relations de Christ. Colombe et 
d'autres voyageurs plus nouveaux . . . par Pierre vander Aa. Milliaria 
Germanica communia 15 in uno gradu. 8^x13^. 

[In Aa (Pierre vander). Atlas nouveau et curieux des plus c616bres itin6raires. obi. 
fol. Leide, P. Van Der Aa, [1728?] no. 93] . 

1728? lies de Cuba et de la Jamaique, ainsi qu'elles ont ete premierement d^couvertes 
par Christ. Colombe, ensuite peuplees par les Castillans, et rectifiees sur 
les observations exactes de ceux qui y ont ete depuis, de nouveau mises 
au jour par Pierre vander Aa. Milliaria Germanica communia 15 in uno 
gradu. 85x135. 

[JwAa (Pierre vander). Atlas nouveau et curieux des plus c61ebres itin6raires. obi. 
fol. Leide, P. van der Aa, [1728?] no. 137] . 

1728? Terre-ferme de Darien, au midi des iles Cuba et Hispaniola, dress6e suivant 
les relations de Pedrarias Davila et de plusieurs autres, & present publiee 
par Pierre vander Aa. • Milliaria Germanica communia 15 in uno gradu. 
Sixlli. 

[In Aa (Pierre vander). Atlas nouveau et curieux des plus c61ebres itin^raires. obi. 
fol. Leide, P. Van Der Aa, [1728?] no. 120] . 

1729? Baye et ville de Havana, ou S. Christoval. 8Jxll^. 

[In Galerie (La) agriJable du monde. fol. Leide, P. Vander Aa, [1729?] v. 4. 
Am^rique. pi. 73b]. 

1729? Cuba en lamaica, soo als die door Kolumbus ontdekt, en by de Kastilianen 
bevolkt syn. — lies de Cuba et de la Jamaique, ainsi qu'elles ont 6te pre- 
midrement d^couvertes par Christ. Colombe, ensuite peupl6es par les 
Castillans, et rectifiees sur les observations exactes de ceux qui y ont 6te 
depuis, de nouveau mises au jour par Pierre vander Aa, a Leide. 6x8^. 
[In Galerie (La) agr^able du monde. fol. Leide, P. Vander Aa, [1729?] v. 4. 
Am6rique. pi. 73al. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 455 

1729? Havana, ville capitale de I'isle de Cuba en Amerique. [View]. Il|xl4. 

[In Galerie (La) agr^able du monde. fol. Leide, P. Vander Aa, [1729?] v. 4. 
Amerique, pi. 74]. 

1729? lies de I'Amerique, situees dans I'ocean septentrional, avec toutes leurs cotes, 
bayes, et ports, suivant les relations de ceux qui les ont decouvertes et 
peuplees, mises au jour par Pierre Vander Aa. 11x14. 

[In Galerie (La) agr^able du monde. fol. Leide, P. Vander Aa, [1729?] v. 4. 
Amerique, pi. 73]. 

1729. A new and correct draught of the bay of Matanzas on ye north side of ye island 

Cuba, done from a survey in the year 1729, by Robt. Pearson. 9x12. 
[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West-India navigation, 
fol. London, printed for W. Mount and T. Page, 1737, no. 20]. 

1730. Piano del puerto bayia y ciuidad de la Havana, situada por los 23° .10^ de lat. 

sept: y 292° :20^ de long, su i° merid", en Teneriffe. Nuevamente emmen- 
dado por D. D. D. B. Ano de 1730. Escala de 3000 pies del Rhin. 
Escala de mil varas Castellanas. ms. 16x222. . 

Note. — Partly colored. 

Explanatory notes and index to places. 

Shows the town, vicinity, and location of buildings and defences. 

1731. Carte des isles de I'Amerique et de plusieurs pays de terre ferme situes au 

devant de ces isles & autour du golfe de Mexique. Par le sr. d' An ville. 
1731. 12x17. 

[Jn his Atlas g6n6ral. fol. Paris, 1727-80. no. 36]. 

1733. Carte des Antilles fran^oises et des Isles voisines, dress^e sur les memoires 

manuscrits de mr. Petit, et sur quelques observations. Par Guillaume 
De risle. 17^x23. Amsterdam, J. Covens & C. Mortier, [1733]. 

[in. his Atlas nouveau. fol. Amsterdam, J. Covens & C. Mortier, [1741?] v. 2, no. 42]. 

Note.— Also in the edition of 1733. 

1734. ITieuwe groote en seer curieuse pascaart van geheel-Westindien, vertoonende 

alle desselfs eylanden, bay en, en rivieren mitsgaders alle droogtens en 
dieptens, nieuwelyks en seer naaukeurig bij een gestelt uyt veele veerna- 
men goode afpylingen en opservatien, door Ian Sikkena. 23x38f. 
Amsterdam, G. van Keulen, [1734]. * 

[In Keulen (Johannes van). [De groote nieuwe zee atlas] . fol. Amsterdam, 1734. 
no. 26] . 

1736? A map of the West Indies, etc. Mexico or New Spain ... By H. Moll,« 
geographer. English leagues, 20 to one degree. 71x10$. 

[In Moll (Herman). Atlas minor, obi. 8°. London, printed for T. Bowles & J. Bowles 
[1736?] no. 56] . 

1737. A new and correct chart of the trading part of the West Indies. Sold by 
W. IMount & T. Page on Tower Hill London. 18ix31f . 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West-India navigation, 
fol. London, printed for W. Mount and T. Page, 1737. no. 24] .^ 

1737. A new general chart for the West Indies of E. Wrights projection vut IMerca- 
tors chart. 18x22^. 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West-India navigation, 
fol. London, printed for V^^. Mount and T. Page, 1737. no. 3]. 

1739. Indiarum occidentalium, tractus littorales cum insulis Caribicis. t' Amsterdam, 

L. Renard. 19x22. 

[In Renard (Louis). Atlas de la navigation, et du commerce qui se fait dans toutes 
les parties du monde. fol. Amsterdam, R. & J. Ottens, 1739. no. 27] . 

1740. Nova tabula exhibens insulas Cubam et Hispaniolam vulgo S. Domingo dictam 

insulas Lucaias seu Bahamanas ac peninsulam Floridse ex novissimis 
observationibus Hispanorum Anglorum Gallorum, atque Hollandorum in 
lucem edita. a R. et I. Ottens. 17fx21i. Amstelodami, [1740?] 

Note.— Insets: A draught of St. Augustin and its harbour.— La Havane . . . —Plan de 
la -yllle Espagnole de S. Domingue . . . dorn6 par le s. B . . . C 20 May, 1712. 



456 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1740. A new and correct chart or map of the West Indies, &c. 12x15^. 

[In Carranza (Domingo Gonzales). A geographical description of the coasts, har- 
'bours, and seaports of the Spanish West Indies. 8°. London, for the editor, C. 
Smith, 1740. front.] 

1740. Plan of Guantanimo on the south side of Cuba called by the Eng;lish Waltenham 
bay and Cumberland harbour. Surveyed by admiral Durell, in 1740. 
10x7. London, for R. Sayer, 1788. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
no. 40] . 

Same. London, J. Whittle & R. H. Laurie, 1816. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, J. Whittle & R. H. 
Laurie, 1818. no. 52] . 

1740. A plan of the harbour and city of Havana. P. Harrison delin. 7^x7^. 

[In Carranza (Domingo Gonzales). A geographical description of the coasts, har- 
bours, and seaports of the Spanish West Indies. 8°. London, for C. Smith, 1740. 
p. 93]. 

1741. A plan of the entrance and fortifications of the harbour Saint lago on the south 

side of Cuba. By cap' Phi DuMl. 1741. A scale of 1000 feet. ms. 
14x20 J. 

Note. — Colored. 

Contains notes and index to places. 

1741. A plan of George Stadt Camp near the river Guantamano in the island of Cuba 

and also of the intrenchments made on the adjacent hills. Represented 
more at large with their profils. ms. 1741. 21x28^. 

Note.— Dedication: To his grace, lohn, Duke .of Montagu this plan is most humbly 
dedicated by his grace" most humble and dutifull servant: lohn Thomas. 

1742? Plan of the city & harbour of the Havanah together with the adjacent forts & 
batteries, ms. [anon.]. 8x14. [n. p., 1742?]. 

1742. A plan of port Escondido on the south side of Cuba, three leag^ to the e'ward 

of Cumberland harb"" Survey'd by cap* Phi: Durell. 1742. A scale of one 
mile. ms. 10^x14^. 

Note. — Colored. 

Gives sailing directions and soundings. 
' Inset viev? of the town. l^xlOJ. 

1743-44. A plan of the harbour, forts and city of Havana, on the north side of the 

island of Cuba. W. H. Toms, sculp. 11x145. ' Holbourn, W. H. Toms, 

1743-44. 
1743-44. A plan of the entrance & fortifications of the harbour S' Jago, on the south 

side of Cuba. By Cap' Phil. Durell. Anno 1741. W. H. Toms sculp. 

col. 14x20J. Holbourn, W. H. Toms, 1743/4. 

Same. 

[American maps. v. 2, no. 16] . 

1744. Algemeene kaart van de Westindische eilanden. 13jxl7i. te Amsterdam, 
I. Tirion. 

[In Tirion (Isaak). Nieuwe en beknopte hand-atlas, fol. te Amsterdam, 1744. 
no. 110] . 

1747. An accurate map of the West Indies. Drawn from the best authorities, assisted 
by the most approved modern maps and charts, and regulated by astro- 
nomical observations, by Eman. Bowen. 13^x165. 

[In Complete (A) system of geography, [anon.] fol. London, for W. Innys [etc.] 
1747. V. 2, no. 68] . 

Same. 

[In Bowen (Emanuel). A complete atlas, or distinct view of the known world, fol. 
London, for W. Innys [etc.] 1752. no. 55]. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 457 

1747. A new & accurate map of the island of Cuba ... By Eman. Bo wen. 



A new & accurate map of the islands of Hispaniola or St. Domingo and 
Porto Rico ... By Eman. Bowen. 13Jxl6J. 

[In Complete (A) system of geography, [anon.] fol. London, for W. Innys, 1747. 
V. 2, no. 80] . 

Same. 

[In Bowen (Emanuel) . A complete atlas or distinct view of the known world, fol. 
London, for W. Innys [etc.] 1752. no. 63] . 

1747. Particular draughts and plans of some of the principal towns and harbours 
belonging to the English, French, and Spaniards, in America and West 
Indies. By Eman. Bowen. 14x17. 

[J« Complete (A) system of geography, [anon.] fol. London, for W. Innys, [etc.] , 
1747. V. 2, no. 105]. 

1747-1757. Regni, Mexicani sen novae Hispanise, Ludovicianse, N. Anglise, Caro- 
linse, Virginiee, et Pensylvanise, nee non insvlarvm, archipelagi Mexi- 
cani in America Septentrionali, accurata tabula exhibita a Joh. Baptista 
Homanno, Noribergee. 18|x22J. 

[/« Homann /leirs. Homanischer atlas, fol. Niirnberg, in verlag der Homannischen 
erben, 1747-[1757]. no. 94]. 

1749. Carte reduite du golphe du Mexique et des isles de I'Amerique pour servir aux 

vaisseaux du roy. Dressee ou d^post des cartes et plans de la marine par 
ordre de m. le comte de Maurepas, annee 1749. 21jby325. Paris, chez 
Beliin, 1749. 

[J« Bellin (Jacques Nicolas, 1703-1772). Atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1751. [no. 
12]. 

1750. Partie de la Mer du Nord, ou se trouvent les grandes et petites isles Antilles, 

les Isles Lucayes. Par le s'' Robert geographe ordinaire du roy. Avec 
privilege. 1750. Echelles. Mille pas geometriques. Lieves marines de 
I 20 au degre. 19x23. 

[Bi Robert de Vaugondy (Gilles, 1688-1766) and Robert de Vaugondy (Didier, 1723- 
1786). Atlas TJniversel. fol. Paris, chez les auteurs, [&] Boudet, 1757-[1758J. no. 
102]. 

1752. The Havana. 2^x21. 

[In Bowen (Emanuel). A complete atlas, or distinct view of the known world, fol. 
London, for W. Innys, [etc.] , 1752. no. 66] . 

1754. Carte du golphe du Mexique et des Isles de I'Amerique. Par m. Beliin ing'r 

de la marine 1754. 10|xl4|. 

[In La Harpe (Jean Francois de). Abr6g6 de I'histoire g6n6rale des voyages. 8°. 
Paris, hotel de Thou, 1780. v. 10, p. 1] . 

1755. A new and accurate map of the West Indies and the adjacent parts of North 

and South American. R. W. Seale, sculp. lOJxlS. 

[In Universal (The) magazine. 8°. London, J. Hinton, 1755. v. 17, p. 241]. 

1756? Insulae Americanse nempe: Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, P.*" Rico, Lucania, 
Antillae vulgo Caribee, Barlo- et sotto-Vento, etc. 181x22^. Anstelodanum, 
R. & J. Ottens, [1756?] 

[In Ottens (Reinier) and Ottens (Josua). Atlas minor sive geographia compendiosa. 

fol. Amsterdam, R. & J. Ottens, [1695-1756?] v. 1, no. 203]. 
Note.— The margin contains title: "Stoel des oorlogs in America waar in vertoont 
werden alle desself voornaamste eylande nieuwelycks uytgegeven door Reinier & 
Josua Ottens," showing that this map was issued to illustrate the war between the 
French and the British beginning in 1756. 



Same. 



Same. 



[In Ottens (Reinier) and Ottens (Josua). Atlas minor sive geographia compendiosa. 
fol. Amsterdam R. & J. Ottens, [1703-1753?] no. 49] . 

[In Ottens (Reinier) and Ottens (Josua). Atlas sive geographia compendiosa. fol. 
Amstelaedami, R. & J. Ottens, [1756?] no. 116]. 



458 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1756. The West Indies. T. Jefferys, sculp. 6x10. 

[In Smollett (Tobias). A conipendium of authentic and entertaining voyages. 
Lanon.] 16°. London, for R. & J. Dodsley [etc.] , 1756. v. 1, p. 14] . 

1758? A new and correct chart of the harbour of Havana on the island of Cuba, with 

a plan of ye city & from actual survey by capt. James Phelps. I. Mynde 

sc. 17x21 J. London, W. Mount & T. Page, [1758?] 
[American maps. v. 2, no. 5]. 
1758. Description g^ographique des lies Antilles possedees par les anglois. Par le 

sr. Bellin. 1758. xii, 171 pp., 13 maps. 4°. Paris, Didot, 1758. 
1758. A new and correct chart of the trading part of the West Indies. English and 

French leagues 20 in a degree. 18x31f . London, sold by W. Mount & 

T. Page, [1758]. 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation 
from Hudson's-bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for W. and J. 
Mount, T. Page and son, 1758. bet. pp. 58-59] . 

1758. A new and correct draught of the bay of Matanzas on ye north side of ye 

island Cuba, done from a survey in the year 1729 by Robt. Pearson. 9x12. 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 

from Hudson's-bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for W. and J. 

Mount, T. Page and son, 1758. bet. pp. 42-43] . 

1758. A new general chart for the West Indies of E. Wright's projection vut. Mer- 

cators chart. 17|x22i. London, sold by W. and I. Mount and T. Page, 

[1758]. 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book, describing the West India navigation, 
from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for W. and J. 
Mount, T. Page and son, 1758. bet. pp. 4-3] . 

1758. A plan of Cape Antonia. 1758. ms. 8^x14}. 

Note.— Partly colored. 

1759. Dominia anglorum in prsecipius insulis Americse ut sunt insula C. Christo- 

phori, Antegoa, lamaica, Barbados nee non insulfe Bermudes vel Som- 
mers dictse, singulari mappa omnia exhibita et edita ab Homannianis 
heredibus. — Die englische colonie-lsender auf den insuln von America. 
[In Homann (J. B.) Atlas geographicus maior. fol. Norimbergee, Homannianis 
heredibus, 1759. v. 1, no. 142] . 

1759. Mappa geographica, complectens 1. Indite Occidentalis partem mediam circvm 
Isthmvm Panamensem. 2. Ipsumq^ isthmum. 3. Ichnographiam prse- 
cipuorum locorum & portuum ad has terras pertinentium. Desumta 
omnia ex historia insulse. S. Dominici & pro praesenti statu belli, quod 
est 1740 inter Anglos & Hispanos exortum, luci publicae traditaad Homan- 
nianis heredibus. 19x22. 

[I7i Homann (J. B.) Atlas geographicus maior. fol. Norimbergae, Homannianis 
heredibus, 1759. v. 1, no. 144]. 

1760? Bahia del Mariel in ysla de Cuba. [1760?] Escala de media milla. ms. 
19x13. 

Note. — 'Jives soundings. 

1760? Havana— Vera Cruz. [1760?] ms. 12x8. 
Note.— Two small sketches partly colored. 
Gives soundings and fortifications. 

1760? [A map of Cape Corientes. 1760?] ms. 8x13^ 
Note. — Partly colored. Gives soundings. 

1760? Piano de la bahia de Jagua. Una de las de la ysla de St. Yiago de Cuba asia 
la parte del sur situada en 22 g" y 12™'' de latitud septentrional y en de 
longitud al meridiano de Tenerife 12 legs, al oeste del rio y puerto dela 
Trinidad es abundante de seze y de mucha madera para fabricas de navios 
y basse mismo para arboladuras de embarcaziones mag^'' y menoes. Deli- 
neado por Francisco Math** Cell. [1760?] Escala de 8 millas. ms. 19xl3J. 
Note. — Gives soundings, fortifications and index to places. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 459 

1760? Piano de la bahia de Jagua. Una de las de la ysla de S. Tiago de Cuba asia la 
parte del sur situada en 22 g^ y 12 m^ de latitud septentrional y en g^ m^ 
de longitud al merediano de Tenerife. 12 leg^ al oeste del rio y puerto 
dela Trinidad es abundante de Pexe y de mucha madera para fabricas de 
navios y hassi mismo para arboladuras de embarcaziones may*^^ y menoes. 
[1760?] Escala d. 4 millas. ms. 19x13^. 

Note. — Gives soundings, fortifications and index to places. 

This map does not give the author, the same lettering or as many references as the 
above. In other respects they are similar. 

1760? Piano de la bahia de Matansas. Escala de seis millas. Delineado por Fran- 
cisco Mathias Celi. [1760?] ms. 18|xl2. 

Note. — Gives soundings, fortifications and index to places. 

1760? Piano de la bahia de Matansas. Delineado por Fran"" Math^ Celi. [1760?] 
Escala de seis millas. ms. 18|xl2. 

Note. — Gives soundings, fortifications and index to places. 
Same as above except the lettering. 

1760? Piano de la gran bahia de Nipe in y'' de Cuba. [1760?] Delineado per Franeo. 
Escala de quatro millas. ms. 19xl2J. 
Note. — Gives soundings and index to places. 

1760? A sketch of the harbour of S' lago de Cuba. [1760?] A scale of one mile, 
ms. 22x28. 

Note.— Partly colored. 
Contains index to places, fortifications, soundings and " Some remarks in sailing into 
this harbour." 

1760. The West Indies: exhibiting the English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Danish 
settlements. 18x18. 

[In Jeiierys (Thomas) . The natural and civil history of the French dominion in N. & 
S.America, fol. London, 1760. pt. 2, facing p. 1] . 

1762. An accurate map of Cuba, and the adjacent islands. Engraved by A. B. [A. 
Bell]. — A plan of the city and harbour of Havana, capital of the island 
of Cuba. 7x16. 

[In Scots (The) magazine. 1762. 8°. Edinburgh, W. Sands, [etc.] . 1762. v. 24, p. 
476]. 

1762. An accurate map of the British, French, & Spanish settlements in Nth. Amer- 
ica and the West Indies, as stipulated by the preliminary articles of peace 
signed at Fontainebleau, by the ministers of Great Britain, France, & 
Spain, ]^ov. 3, 1762. J. Gibson, sculp, [anon.] 13x11. [n. p. 1762?] 

1762. An accurate map of the West Indies. Engraved by A. Bell. 7x9J. 

[In Scots (The) magazine. 1762. 8°. Edinburgh, W. Sands, [etc.], 1762. v. 2, p. 
B57]. 

1762. An accurate map of the West Indies with the adjacent coast. J. Gibson, sculp. 
7x11. 

[In Gentleman's (The) magazine, 1762. 8°. London, for D. Henry, 1762. v. 32, p. 
50] . 

1762. Carte hydrographique de la baye de la Havane avec le plan de la ville et de 
ses forts pour joindre a la carte de Ftsle de Cube. Dressee au depost des 
cartes et plans de la marine, pour le service des vaisseaux du roy, par 
ordre de m. le due de Choiseul, . . . 1762. Par le s. Bellin, ingenieur de 
la marine. 16|x22^. 

[In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas) and others. Hydrographie franfoise. fol. Paris, d6p6t 

de la marine, 1737-1792. v. 2, no. 69] . 
Note.— Insets: Le fort du Maure . . .— Le fort de la Pointe.— Le vieux Chateau. 

1762. Carte hydrographique de la baye de la Havane, avec le plan de la ville et de 
ses forts pour joindre a la carte de I'isle de Cuba. Dressee au d^pot des 
cartes et plans de la marine pour le service des vaisseaux du roi. Par le 



460 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

s. Bellin, ingenieur de la marine. 1762. Julius Bien & co., photo, lith. 
16x22. Habana, departamento municipal, 1900. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8". Washington, government printing office, 
1901. V. 2, pt. 3, at end] . 
Note. — Insets: "Le fort du Maure ..." "Le fort de la Pointe ..." "Levieux 
chateau ..." 

1762. Carte reduite de I'isle de Cube. Dressee au d6p6t des cartes et plans de la 
marine pour le service des vaisseaux du roy. Pa,r ordre de m. le due de 
Choiseul . . . Par le s. Bellin . . . Lieues marines de France etd'Angle- 
terre de vingt au deg. Lieues communes de France de vingt cinq au degr6. 
1762. 22*x34|. 

[J9i Bellin (Jacques Nicolas) and oi/iO'S. Hydrographie f ranf oise. fol. [Paris] , d6p6t 
de la marine, 1737-92. v. 2, n. 68] . 

1762. An exact plan of the city, fortifications & harbour of Havana in the island of 
Cuba: from an original drawing taken on the spot, [anon.] 11^x14. 
[London], J. Hinton, [1762]. 

[7n Universal (The) magazine. 8°. London, J. Hinton, 1762. v. 30, facing p. 225]. 
Note. — Inset: Island of Cuba. 

1762. The form of landing our troops on the island of Cuba for the besieging of the 
Havana, 1762. 9|x7i. 

[In London (The) magazine. 1763. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, 1763. v. 32, p. 237] . 

1762. A map of the isle of Cuba with the Bahama islands, gulf of Florida, and Wind- 
ward Passage: Drawn from English and Spanish surveys. Engraved by 
Thomas Jefferys. British miles 69^ to a degree. 135x19. 

[Jw Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 72], 

1762. Plan de bahia Xagua on the south side of Cuba. T. Jefferys, sculp. 72x11. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 87. pi. 24] . 

1762. A new and correct map of the American islands, now called the West Indies, 
with the whole coast of the neighbouring continent. By Thos. Kitchin. 
11x14. 

[In London (The) magazine. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, [1762]. v. 31, bet. pp. 
464-465]. 

1762. A new and correct map of the West Indies. J. Gibson, sculp, [anon.] 
11x13^. 

[Jm American (The) gazetteer, [anon.] 12°. Loudon, for A. Millar, 1762. v. 3]. 

1762. A new chart of the seas, surrounding the island of Cuba, with the soundings, 
currents, ships' courses, etc. and a map of the island itself, lately made by 
an officer in the navy, [anon.] 10^x14. [London], for the London 
magazine, 1762. 
1762. A new chart of the West Indies, drawn from the best Spanish maps, and 
regulated by astronomical observations. 61x11. 

[/« Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. front.] 

Same. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A general topography of North America and the West 
Indies, fol. London, for R. Sayer and T. Jeft'erys, 1768. no. 72] . 

1762. A perspective view of entering the breach of the Moro Castle by storm, the 
30th of July, 1762. I. Collyer sc. 3Jx6. 

[In Hervey (Frederick) and others. The naval history of Great Britain. 8°. Lon- 
don, W. Adlard for J. Bew, 1779. v. 5, p. 336]. 

1762. Plan of bahia de Matanzas. 8x12^. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 84, pi. 19]. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 461 

1762. Plan of Bahia Hondia. T. Jefferys, sculp. 7x10. 

[JriJefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements of the 
coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 89, pi. 26]. 

1762. A plan of the siege of the Havana, drawn bj' an officer on the spot. 1762. 
8Jxl4. 

[Jn Authentic (An) journal of the siege of the Havana. By an officer, [anon.] 16°. 
London, for T. Jefferys, 1762]. 

1762. A plan of the siege of the Havana, drawn by an officer on the spot, 1762. 
6ix9J. 

[In Gentlemen's (The) magazine. 1762. 8°. London, for D. Henry, 1762. v. 32, 
p. 458] . 

1762. A plan of the siege of the Havana, drawn by an ofiicer on the spot, 1762. 
7x11. 

[In Mortimer (Thomas). A new and complete dictionary of trade and commerce, 
fol. London, for the author, 1767. v. 2]. 

1762. A plan of the siege of the Havana. Drawn by an officer. 15th Aug., 1762. — 
Plan of the city and harbour of Havana. 7x7^. 

[In Wright (J.) A compleat history of the late war. 8°. London, for D. Steel, 1765. 
V. 2, p. 498]. 

1762. Pl?n of Guantanimo, called by the English Cumberland harbour. T. Jefferys 
sculp. 10i^x7f. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 85, pi. 22]. 

1762. Plan of Puerto de Baracoa. T. Jefferys sculp. 6|xl0. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 84, pi. 21]. 

1762. Plan of Puerto de Cavanas. T. Jefferys sculp. 9|x8. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 90, pi. 27] . 

1762. Plan de Puerto de Mariel. T. Jefferys sculp. 10x8. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 90, pi. 28] . 

1762. Plan of the city and harbour of Havanna. 7Jx4. 

[I7i Gentleman's (The) magazine. 1762. 8°. London, for D. Henry, 1762. v. 32, p. 

408]: 

1762. Plan of the city and harbour of the Havana. T. Jefferys sculp. 8x10^. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 77, pi. 18]. 

1762. Plan of the city and harbour of Havana, [anon.] 42x7^. 

[In London (The) magazine. 8°. London, for K. Baldwin, 1762. v. 31, bet. pp. 280- 
281] . 

1762. A plan of the city and harbour of Havanna, capital of the island of Cuba. 7x4^. 
[In London (The) magazine. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, 1762. v. 31, bet. pp. 280- 
281]. 

1762. Plan of the Colorado rocks near the west end of Cuba. T. Jefferys sculp. 
7Jxl0. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 88, pi. 25] . 

1762. A plan of the straights of Bahama, through which the expedition fleet was 
conducted in the year 1762, against the Havana. 4jx7f. 

[In London (The) magazine. 1763. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, 1763. v. 32, p. 40] . 

1762. Vista del castillo del Morro, sitiado por los Ingleses en 1762. 4x7. 

[/w Bachillery Morales (Antonio). Cuba: monografia hist6rica. 8°. Habana, M. de 
Villa, 1883. bet. pp. 52-53] . 

1763. Carta esatta rappresentante 1' isola di Cuba estratta dalle carte del sig. Poppler. 

G. M.. Terreni sc. 10xl2J. 

[In Gazzettiere (II) americano. 4°. Livorno, M. Coltellini, 1763. v. 1, p. 140]. 



462 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1763. A new & accurate map of the seat of the late war in the West Indies with a 
plan of the city and harbour of Havannah, 1763. 7Jx9. 

[In Entick (John). The general history of the late 'vvar. 2d. ed. 8°. London, for 
E. & C. Dilly, 1766. v. 4, p. 142]. 

1763. Nouva e corretta carta dell' Indie occidentali cavata dalle migliori autorita. 
D. Veremondo Rossi Monaco Val". incise. 13x10. 

[/?i Gazzettiere (II) americano. 4°. Livorno, M. Coltellini, 1763. v. 2, bet. pp. 2-3]. 

1763. Piano della citta e porto dell' Havana. Viol. Vanni sc, Giusep. Pazzi 
serisse. 10x8. 

[Jw Gazzettiere (II) americano. 4°. Livorno, M. Coltellini, 1763. v. 2, bet. pp. 68-69] . 

1763. Piano di Guantanimo chiamato dagl' Inglesi porto di Cumberland. Viol. 
Vanni sc, Giusep. Pazzi serisse. 72x10, 

[7ft Gazzettiere (II) americano. 4°. Livorno, M. Coltellini, 1763. v. 1, bet. pp. 14i)-147]. 

1763. A plan of the late siege of the Havana and IMoor's castle & their environs. 
4jx7i. 

[In London (The) magazine, 1763. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, 1763. v. 32, p. 116]. 

1763. A view of the Moor's castle near the Havana, whilst besieged by us. [anon.] 
4x6. [London, 1763]. 

[In London (The) magazine. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, [1763]. v. 82, April 1763, 
facing pp. 184] . 

1763. Vue de la prise des forts et ville de Havane par les Anglois en 1762. Vista 

- prgspetiva de la siuda y fortificaciones de la Vana tumada pur lus Engles 
en lano de 1762 donde las trupas Espanioles se sum defendidos cum granda 
valur principalamente lus morns. lO^xlSf. Paris, Mondhare, [1763]. 

1764. Baye de Matance dans I'isle de Cube. 85x6^. 

[I7i Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
no. 52] . 

1764. Isle de Cuba. 8x12^. 

[In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
no. 50] . 

1764. Partie des Isles Antilles. 8^x6-1. 

[In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
no. 80] . 

1764. Port de la Havane dans I'isle de Cube. 8|x6-4-. 

[In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
no. 51] . 

1764. Le port Marianne dans I'isle de Cube. 8|x6|. 

[In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
no. 53] . 

1764. Suite des isles Antilles. .2. partie. 8|x6|. 

[In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
no. 81] . 

1764. A view of the entrance of the harbour of the Havana, taken from within the 

wrecks. — Vue de I'entree du port de la Havane prise en dedans des b^ti- 
ments echou^s. — Vista de la entrada del puerto de la Havana desde los 
naufragios. Drawn by Elias Durnford. Engraved by Peter Canot. 
12|x20J. London, T. Jefferys, 1764. 

1765. A view of the city of the Havana, taken from the road near colonel Howe's 

battery. — Vue de la Havane prise du chemin pres de la batterie du colonel 
Howe. — Vista de la ciudad de la Havana desde el camino de la bateria 
del colonel Howe. Drawn by Elias Durnford, etch'd by Paul Sandby, & 
engraved by Edw? Rocker. 12^x20. London, T. Jefferys, 1765. 
1765. A view of the harbour and city of the Havana, taken from lesu Del Monte. — 
Vue du port et ville de La Havane prise de lesu del Monte. — Vista del 
puerto, y ciudad de la Havana desde lesu del Monte. Drawn by Elias 
Durnford. Engraved by T. Morris. 13x20^. London, T. Jefferys, 1765. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 463 

1765. A view of the market place in the city of Havana. Vue de la place du march^ 

dans la ville de la Havane. — Vista de la plaza del mercado en la ciudad de 
la Havana. Drawn by Elias Dunford. Engraved by C. Canot and T. 
Morris. 13x20. London, for John Bowles, [1765?} 

1766. A new & accurate map of the island of Cuba, drawn from the most approved 

maps & charts. 5|xl4j. 

[In Charlevoix (P. F. X. de). A voyage to North- America: undertaken by command 
of the present king of France. 12°. Dublin, J. Exshaw and J. Potts, 1766. v. 2, 
bet. pp. 292-297] . 

1766. A new & correct map of the West Indies. Drawn from the best authorities. 

6fx9i. 

[In Charlevoix (P. F. X. de). A voyage to North- America: undertaken by command 
of the present king of France. 12°. Dublin, J. Exshaw and J. Potts, 1766. v. 2, 
bet. pp. 328-329]. 

1767. Algemeene kaart van de West-Indische eilander. 14x172- 

[In Hedendaagsche hlstorie of tegenwoordige staat van Amerika. [anon.] 8°. te 
Amsterdam, I. Tirion, 1767. v. 3, facing p. 1] . 

1767. A chart of the iland of. Hispaniola, with the windward passage fro" Jamaica 
betwene ye east end of Cuba & the west end of Hispaniola. 16x20. Dub- 
lin, sold by G. Grierson, [1767]. 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. Dublin, printed by B. Grierson, 
1767. bet. pp. 32-33] . 

1767. A general chart of the West Indies according to mr. Edw. Wright's projection 
commonly called Mercators chart. Js. Barlow ft. 17Jx21J. 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the Wert India navigation 
from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. Dublin, printed by B. Grierson, 
1767. bet. pp. 68-69] . 

1767. A new & correct chart of Cuba, streights of Bahama, Windward passage, the 
current through the gulf of Florida, with the soundings, &c. By an officer 
in navy. 18^x25. [London], sold by Mount & Page, [1767]. 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for J. Mount and 
T. Page, 1767. bet. pp. 42-43] . 

1767. A new and correct chart of the trading part of the West Indies. 18x21^-. Lon- 
don, W. Mount & T. Page, [1767]. 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for J. Mount and 
T. Page, 1767. bet. pp. 58-69] . 

1767. A new and correct draught of the bay of Matanzas on ye north side of ye island 
Cuba, done from a survey by Kob' Pearson. 6x12. 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
from Hudson's-bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for J. Mount and 
T. Page, 1767. bet. pp. 42-43] . 

1767. A new generall chart for the West Indies of E. Wright's projection vut Merca- 
tors chart. 17ix21^. Dublin, sold by G. Grierson, [1767]. 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. Dublin, printed by G. Grierson, 
1767. at end] . 

1767. A new generall chart for the West Indies of E. A¥Tight's projection vut. Merca- 
tor's chart. 17|x22i London, W. and J. Mount and T. Page, [1767]. 
[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
from Hudson's-bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for J. Mount and 
T. Page, 1767. bet. pp. 4-5] . 

1767. A plan of the harbour & town of Havana, taken on the spot, by an officer in 
his majesty's navy. 7x52 . 

[In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
from Hudson's-bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for J. Mount and 
T. Page, 1767. bet. pp. 42-43] . 



464 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1768. Chart of the Atlantic ocean, with the British, French, & Spanish settlements 
in North America, and the West Indies; as also on the coast of Africa. 
By Thos. Jefferys. 18^x24. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A general topography of North America and the West Indies, 
fol. London, for R. Sayer & T. Jefferys, 1768. no. 13] . 

1768. Jefferys (Thomas, d. 1771). A general topography of North America and the 
West Indies. Being a collection of all the maps, charts, plans, and par- 
ticular surveys, that have been published of that part of the world, either 
in Europe or America. Engraved by Tho. Jefferys, geographer to his 
majesty. 2 p. 1., 4 pp., 10 maps on 109 sheets, fol. London, for R. 
Sayer & T. Jefferys, 1768. 

Note.— Title and contents also in French. 

No. 102 — "Plan of the French attacks upon the island of Grenada . . . 1779," and no. 
109 — "Attack of the rebels upon Fort Penobscot in the province of New England 
. . . 1779," are inserted. 

1768. A map of the isle of Cuba, with the Bahama islands, gulf of Florida, and Wind- 
ward passage. Drawn from English and Spanish surveys. Engraved by 
Thomas Jefferys. Scale. Leagues 20 to a degree. British miles 69J to a 
degree. 13*xl9i. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A general topography of North America and the West Indies, 
fol. London, for R. Sayer & T. Jefferys, 1768. no. 79]. 

1768. Plan of the city and harbour of the Havana. T. Jefferys, sculp. 8x10^. — 
Plan of bahia de Matanzas. 8-4-XI22-. 

[J71 Jefferys (Thomas). A general topography of North America and the West Indies 
fol. London, for R. Sayer and T. Jefferys, 1768. no. 80]. 

1768. The West Indies; exhibiting the English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Danish 

settlements. Collected from the best authorities by Thomas Jefferj^s. 
18ixl7|. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). A general topography of North America and the West Indies, 
fol. London, for R. Sayer & T. Jefferys, 1768. nos. 70]. 

1769. Algemeene kaart van de West-indische eilanden. 14x172-. te Amsterdam, 

I. Tirion, [1769]. 

[In Hedendaagsche historic of tegenwoordige staat van Amerika. [anon.] 8°. te 
Amsterdam, I. Tirion, 1769. v. 3, p. 1]. 

1771. Plan of the bay of Matanzas, lying on the north side of Cuba in the latt'de 23° 
10^^ north. Scale of one mile of 60 to a degree. J. Gibson, sculp. 81x14^. 
[In Speer (Capt. Joseph Smith). The West-India pilot, fol. London, for the author, 
1771. no. 26]. 

1771. Plan of the harbour and city of Havanah, on the north side of the island of 
Cuba. 23° 5^ n. latt?, long? west from London, 82° 57^ I. Bayly, sculp. 
9x14. 

[7n Speer (Copt Joseph Smith). The West India pilot, fol. London, for the author, 

1771. no. 20]. 

1771. Speer ( Cap<. Joseph Smith). The West-India pilot: containing piloting direc- 

tions for Port Royal and Kingston harbours in Jamaica, in and out 
through the Kays, etc. ... A number of maps and plans engraved by 
the best artists, describing the ports and bays above-mentioned: with the 
true soundings, laid down with the utmost exactness. 4 p. 1., 68 pp., 26 
maps. fol. London, for the author, 1771. 

1772. Attack of the Havana. Engrav'd by J. Lodge. 28^x15. 

[In Mante (Thomas). The history of the late war in North America. 4°. London, 

1772. p. 397]. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 465 

1774. Carte reduite du golfe du Mexique et des isles de TAm^rique. Dressee au 
d^post des cartes, et plans de la marine pour le service des vaisseaux du 
roy. Par ordre de m. le due de Praslin ministre de la marine. Seconde 
Edition annee 1774. Par le s. Bellin. 21x31 J. 

[In Atlas maritime, fol. Genes, Yves Gravier, 1801. no. 27]. 

Same. 

[In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas) and others'. Hydrographie franpoise. fol. [Paris], 
d6p6t de la marine, 1737-1792. v. 2, no. 67] . 

1774. A compleat map of the West Indies, containing the coasts of Florida, Louisi- 
ana, New Spain, and Terra Firma, with all the islands. By Samuel Dunn. 
Sea leagues 20 in a degree. English miles 69? in a degree. . 1774. 12x17?. 
[In Sayer (Robert) and Bennett (John), editors. The American military pocket atlas. 
8°. London, for R. Sayer & J. Bennett. [1776]. no. 2]. 

1774. [A general chart of the West Indies. By captain J. S. Speer]. Thos. Bowen 

sculpt. Scales, British statute miles 69J to a degree. Marine leagues 20 
to a degree. Geometrical or marine miles 60 to a degree. 28 Jx46i. [Lon- 
don], capt. Speer, May 20th, 1774. 

Same. 

[American maps. v. 2. no. 33] . 

1775. Carte reduite des iles Antilles. Par mrs. de Verdun de la Crenne, le chevalier 

de Borda et Pingre 1775. — Carte reduite des debouquements de St. Do- 
mingue. Par mrs. de Verdun de la Crenno le chev'er de Borda, et Pin- 
gre, 1775. 34x22i 

[In Atlas maritime, fol. Genes, Yves Gravier, 1801. no. 33] . 

1775. An index map to the following sixteen sheets, being a compleat chart of the 
West Indies, with letters in the margin to direct the placing the different 
sheets in their proper places. 14|x24J. London, for R. Sayer, 1775. 
[/w Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer & J. Ben- 
nett, 1775. no. 7] . 

1775. The island of Cuba with part of the Bahama banks & the Martyrs. By Tho's 
Jefferys. 18^x21^ London, for R. Sayer, 1775. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer & J. Ben- 
nett, 1775. no. 13] . 

1775. Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas: or, a compendious description of 

the West-Indies: illustrated with forty correct charts and maps, taken 
from actual surveys. Together with an historical account of the several 
countries and islands which compose that part of the world ... 3 
p. 1., 28 pp., 39 maps. fol. London, for R. Sayer & J. Bennett, 1775. 

1776. The West Indies from the best authorities. British miles 60 to a degree. 

6|xlU. 

[In Andrews (John). History of the war with America, France, Spain and Holland. 
12°. London, J. Fielding, 1786. v. 2, p. 303] . 

1777. A new and correct map of North America, with the West India Islands . . . 

Laid down according to the latest surveys and corrected from the original 
materials of goverF Pownall, 1777. London, for R. Sayer & J. Bennett, 

1777. 

[In Faden (William, editor). The North American atlas, fol. London, for W. 
Faden, 1777. nos. 1-2] . 

Same. 

[/« Jefferys (T.) and others. The American atlas, fol. London, R. Sayer & J. Ben- 
nett, 1776. nos. 5-6]. 

1777. West Indies. 7x11^ 

[Jn Gutherie (William). A new geographical, historical, and commercial grammar. 
Newed. 8°. London, for John Knox, 1777. p. 680]. 

159a— 05 30 



466 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1777. Westlndien. 7x15. 

[I7i Schlozer (A. L.) Neue erdbeschreibung der ganz Amerika. 16°. Gothingen, 

1777] . 

1778. Carta esatta rappresentante I'isola di Cuba. 10x12. 

[In Atlante dell' America, [anon.] fol. Livorno, 1778. no. 18] . 

1778. A new chart of the West Indian islands; as they are possessed by the Euro- 
pean powers; drawn from the most recent authorities, [anon.] 19x23. 
[London], for R. Sayer & J. Bennett, 1778. 
1778. Nouvelle Espagne, Nouveau M^xique, isles Antilles par le s. Robert de Vau- 
gondy, geog. ordinaire du roy &c. Grave par E. Dussy. Echelle: mille 
par geometriques de 60 au degre. 92-xl2. 

[I7i Robert de Vaugondy (Didier, 1723-1786) . Nouvel atlas porta tif. 4°. Paris, Fortin, 

1778. no. 44] . 
Note. — Inset: "Isles Azores ou Tercferes. 

1778. Nuovo e corretta carta dell' Indie Occidentali. 10^x13. 

[In Atlante dell' America, [anon.] fol. Livorno, 1778. no. 17] . 

1778. Piano della citta, porto dell' Havana. 8x10. 

[In Atlante dell' America, [anon.] fol. Livorno, 1778. no. 19] . 

1778. The West Indies, and Gulf of Mexico, from the latest discoveries and best 
observations. Jn'o Lodge, sculp. 9xl3|. 

[Jm Russell (William). The history of America. 4°. London, for Fielding & Walker, 
1778. V. 1, p. 517] . 

1778. West Indies from the best authorities. By T. Bowen, geog. 7x11^. 

[In North-American (The) and the West-Indian gazetteer, [anon.] 2d ed. 16°. 
London, for G. Robinson, 1778]. 

1779. Map of the European settlements in the West Indies. By Thos. Kitchin. 

6ixlOJ. 

[In Raynal (G. T. F.) A philosophical and political history. 12°. Dublin, 1779, 

T. 4]. 
Note. — Also in second edition, 1798. 

1779. West Indies. Drawn and engraved from the best maps and charts. T. Kitchin, 

sculp. 7xl4|. 

[ire Hervey (Frederick) and oi/iers. The naval history of Great Britain. 8°. London, 
W. Adlard for J. Bew, 1779. v. 2, p. 177] . 

1779-1782. Matthews (John, R. N.) Twenty-one plans, with explanations, of differ- 
ent actions in the West Indies, during the late war: by an officer of the 
royal navy, who was present. 24 pp., 21 fold. maps. 8°. Chester, [Eng.l, 
printed by J. Fletcher, for the author, 1784. 
Note. — Dedication signed, John Matthews. 

Gives battles of: Grenada, July 6, 1779; Martinique, April 29, 1781; St. Christopher, Jan- 
uary 25-26, 1782; and Dominica, April 9 and 12, 1782. 

1780. The entrance of Havannah, from within the harbour. [View]. 8jxl6i-. — The 

harbour and part of the town of Havannah. [View]. 8Jxl6J. 

[In Atlantic (The) Neptune. Charts of the coast and harbors of New England, fol. 
London, J. F. W. Des Barres, 1780. sheet 67] . 

1780. West Indies, with the harbour and fort of Omoa. From the best authorities. 

[anon.] 11^x25. 

[In Political (The) magazine. 8°. London, for J. Bew, [1780]. v. 1, bet. pp. 179-180] . 

1781. A map of the English, French, Spanish, Dutch & Danish islands in the West 

Indies, taken from an improved map of the geographer to the king of 
France; with the tract of the last West India fleet through the Windward 
passage. 102x14. London, J. Bew, 1781. 

[/n Political (The) magazine. June. 1781. 8°. London, for J. Bew, [1781]. v. 2, 
p. 368]. 

1781. The West Indies, and gulf of Mexico. Engrav'd by J. Cary. 9x14. [Lon- 
don], J. Macgowan & W. Davies, 1781. 

[7n Field (The) of Mars, [anon.] 4°. London, for J. Macgowan, 1781. v. 2]. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 467 

1782. De stad en haven van Havana op't eijland Cuba, met alia desselfs droogtens en 
dieptens. 20x22|. Amsterdam, I. van Keulen. 

[Jft Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote lichteiide zee-fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 
meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H. 
van Keulen, 1782. no. [26].] 

1782. Map of the islands of Martinico, Dominico, Guardahipe, St. Christophers &c., 
shewing the place of adm'l Eodney's late victory over the French fleet. 
9^x11. London, J. Bew, 1782. 

[Jm Political (The) magazine. June 1782. 8°. London, for J. Bew, [1782] . v. 3, bet. 
pp. 336-37] . 

1782. Nieuwe en naeukeurige afteekening vant canaal van Bahama vertoonende t 

geheele eyland Cuba de noordkust van Espaniola als meede de zuyd kust 

van Florida met alle desselfs eylande klippen en banken int groot. 

Duytsche myl schaal van 15 in een graed. Englis leaguas 20 for degree— 

Lieuas de France 20 par degrez. 20x22|. Amsterdam, G. van Keulen. 

[J?i Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote lichtende zee-fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 

meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H.van 

Keulen, 1782. no. [32] .] 

1782. Nouvelle carte marine de toute les c6tes de I'Amerique. Montrant toutes les 
isles, bayes et rivieres, aussi toutes les roches et profonts tons compose es 
plusieurs. Memoires de tr^s experimentes navigateurs par Jean Sikkena 
. . . Duytsche mylen 15 in een graad. Engelse en France mylen 20 in 
een graad. Spaansche mylen 17J in een graad. 23x39. 

[/m Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote liclitende zee fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 
meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H. 
van Keulen, 1782. no. [29].] 

1782. Pas kaart van de boght van Florida met de canaal tusschen Florida en Cuba. 

Door Gerard van Keulen. Duytsche mylen 15 in een graadt. Spaansche 

mylen 17J in een graadt. Eng. en Fran, mylen in een graadt. 20x22|. 

[Iw Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote lichtende zee-fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 

meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H. 

van Keulen, 1782. no. [31] .] 

1782. Pas kaart vande zuyd kust van Cuba en van geheel Yamaica en andre bygelee- 
gen plaatsen. Door Vooght geometra. Duytsche mylen 15 in een graadt. 
Spaansche mylen 17J in een graadt. Eng. en Fran, mylen 20 in een 
graadt. 20x22|. Amsterdam, S. van Keulen. 

[J?i Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote lichtende zee fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 
meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H. 
van Keulen, 1782. no. [24] .] 

1782. Pas kaart van West Indien . . . Duytsche mylen 15 in een graad. Spaansche 
mylen 17 J in een graad. Eng. en Fran, mylen 20 in een graad. 20x22|. 
Amsterdam, J. van Keulen. 

[J« Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote lichtende zee-fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 
meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H. 
van Keulen, 1782. no. [1] .] 

1782. West Indien. Samuel Vitus Dorn sc. 7x14 J. 

[In Geschichte der kriege in und ausser Europa. [anon.] 4°. Niirnberg, G. 
Rasp6, 1782. 25 theil] . 

1783. Bowles (Carington). Bowles' new map of North America and the West 

Indies, exhibiting the British empire therein with the limits and bounda- 
ries of the United States. As also, the French and other European states. 
The whole compiled from the best surveys and authentic memoirs which 
have appeared to the present year 1783. 39x45. London, C. Bowles, 
1783. 



468 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1783-1787. Jeffreys (Thomas, d. 1771). The West-India atlas: or, a compendious 
description of the West-Indies: illustrated with forty-one correct charts 
and maps, taken from actual surveys. Together with an historical 
account of the several countries and islands which compose that part of 
the world ... 3 p.L, 28 pp., 40 maps. fol. London, for R. Sayer & 
J. Bennett, 1783-[1787]. 

Note. — ^Eng. title dated 1775, descriptive title, 1783. Map no. 1, "A chart of the Brit- 
ish Channel . . .", dated 1787. Maps 6 to 40, dated 1775, are the same as those in 
the edition of 1775. 

1784. A chart of the Antilles, or Charibee, or Caribs islands, with the Virgin isles, 

by L. S. De La Eochette. 1784. W. Palmer sculp. 18x20. London, W. 
Faden, 1784. 

1785. De Antilles eilanden en de golf van Mexico. 8^x12^. 

[In Bachiene (W. A.) Atlas tot opheldering der hedendaagsche historie. fol. te 
Amsterdam, M. Schalekamp, 1785]. 

1785. Kaart van het eilanil Cuba. 8-4x12^-. 

[In Bachiene (W. A.) Atlas tot opheldering der hedendaagsche historie. fol. te 
Amsterdam, M. Schalekamp, 17851. 

1785 Kaart van het eiland Cuba. Spaansche mylen van 17J in een graad. Kastili- 
aansche mylen van 26^ in een graad. Gemeene Fransche mylen van 25 
in een graad. Ze myleen van 20 in een graad. 8^x121-. [Amsterdam, 
1785]. 

1786. A compleat map of the West Indies, containing the coasts of Florida, Louisiana," 

New Spain, and Terra Firma; with all the islands. By Samuel Dunn. 
English miles 69J to a degree. 12xl7J. London, for E. Sayer, 1786. 
{In Dunn (Samuel). A new atlas of the mundane system. 3d ed. fol. London, 
Laurie & Whittle, [1786-1789] . no. 41] . 

1787-1791. Carte geo-hydrographique du golfe du Mexique et de ses isles . . . Par 
m. Eizzi Zannoni. 12^x17^-. Paris, Lattre, 1787-[1791]. 

[/?i Bonne (Rigobert, 1727-1794), Janvier (Jean) and Zannoni (Giovanni Antonio Rizzi, 
1736-1814). Atlas moderne. fol. Paris, Delamarche, 1787- [1791]. no. 68]. 

1787-1810? The West Indies, exhibiting the English, French, Spanish, Dutch & 
Danish settlements with the adjacent parts of North and South America, 
from the best authorities. 72x11. 

[In Bankes (Thomas) , Blake (Edward Warren) and Cook (Alexander) . Anew, royal 
authentic and complete system of universal geography ancient and modern. 2 v. 
fol. London, printed for J. Cook, [1787-1810?] bet. pp. 516-517]. 

1788. The harbour of St. Yago in the island of Cuba. 6|x9. London, E. Sayer, 
1788. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794- 

[1796] . no. 40] . 
Note.— Same, dated 1788, in 1794 edition. 

1788. Isles de Cuba et de la Jamaique. Par m. Bonne, ingenieur-hydrographe de la 
marine. Andre sculp. IMilles statues anglois, de 69J au degre. Milles 
g6ographiques, de 60 au deg®. 95xl3J. 

[In Bonne (Rigobert) and Demarest (Nicolas). Atlas encyclop6dique. fol. Paris, 
hdtel de Thou, 1788. v. 2, no. 112] . 

1788. Plan of Barracoa in the island of Cuba. 6|x9. London, E. Sayer, 1788. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794_ 

no. 39] . 
Note. — Same, vnthout imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 

1788. Plan of Bahia Honda on the north side of Cuba. Wigzell & Creed sc. 7x8f . 
London, for E. Sayer, 1788. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 

no. 35] . 
Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794-[1796] and 1818 editions. 



HANDBOOK OF CQBA. 469 

1788. Plan of Bahia Xagua on the south side of Cuba. 7^x11. London, E. Sayer, 
1788. 

[In JefEerys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 

no. 39] . 
Note. — Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 

1788. Plan of great bay of Nipe on the north side of Cuba, by the chief pilot of the 
Armada. 9x7. London, for R. Sayer, 1788. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 

no. 38]. 
Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 

1788. A plan of Nuevitas harbour in the island of Cuba. 6|x7f. London, R. Sayer, 
1788. 

[In Jeflerys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
no. 38] . 
Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 

1788. Plan of Port Cavafias on the north side of Cuba. 9x6J. London, R. Sayer, 
1788. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 

no. 36] . 
Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 

1788. Plan of Port Mariel on the north side of Cuba. 9^x7^. London, for R. 
Sayer, 1788. 

[J7i Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas. London,forR. Sayer, 1794. no. 36]. 
Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 

1788. Plan of the bay of IMatanzas, on the north side of Cuba. 8x12^. London, 
- for R. Sayer, 1788. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 

no. 37]. 
Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794-[1796] and 1818 editions. 

1788. Plan of the city and harbour of Havanna. 9xl2|^. London, for R. Sayer, 

1788. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 

no. 37]. 
Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 

1789. A new general chart of the West Indies from the latest marine journals and 

surveys regulated and ascertained by astronomical observations . . . 
Examined . . . [by] Osgood Carleton. 27x39. Boston, J. l^orman, 1789. 

Same. 

[In Norman (William, publisher). The American pilot, fol. Boston, W. Norman, 
1798. no. 2] . 

1792. De golf van JMexico de eilanden en het omleggende land . . . 18fx225. 
Amsterdam, I. B. Elwe, 1792. 

[IwElwe (Jan Bareud). Atlas, fol. Amsterdam, I. B. Elwe, [1792]. no. 39]. 
Same. [Copy no. 2. no. 37] . 

1792. Index to the following sixteen sheets, being a compleat chart of the West 
Indies . . . 14fx24J. London, for R. Sayer, 1792. 

[Jm Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London,forR. Sayer, 1794. no. 8]. 

1792. The island of Cuba with part of the Bahama banks and the Martyrs. By 

Tho's Jfefferys . . . 18^x24 J. London, for R. Sayer, 1792. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
no. 14] . 

1793. West Indies according to the best authorities. 8x12. 

[In Morse (Jedidiah). The American universal geography. 8°. Boston, I. Thomas & 
E. T. Andrews, 1793. bet. pp. 666-667] . 

1794. An accurate map of the West Indies, from the latest improvements. W. Har- 

rison sculpt. 7Jx9|. 

[7w Wilkinson (Robert). A general atlas, fol. London, R.Wilkinson, [1803]. no.47]. 



470 HAIfDBOOK OF OdBA. 

1794. An accurate map of the West Indies with the adjacent coast of America; by 
J. Russell. 13|xl9J. 

[In his An American atlas . . . and a plan of the city of Washington, fol. London, 
H. D. Symonds, & J. Ridgway, 1795. no. 3] . 

1794. Index to the following sixteen sheets being a compleat chart of the West 
Indies. 15x24^. London, Laurie & Whittle, 1794. 

[JnJeflerys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R.Sayer, 1794- [1796]. 
no. 8]. 

1794. The island of Cuba with part of the Bahama Banks and the Martyrs. By 
Tho's Jefferys. 18Jx24J. London, Laurie & Whittle, 1794. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794- [1796] . 
no. 14]. 

1794. Jefferys (Thomas, d. 1711). The West-India atlas or, a compendious 
description of the West-Indies: consisting of a complete collection of 
accurate charts, with plans of the harbours, roads, bays — and maps of the 
separate islands, taken from actual surveys. Together with an historical 
account of the several countries and islands which compose that part of 
the world ... 4 p. 1. 28 pp., 60 maps on 61 sheets, fol. London, 
for E. Sayer, 1794. 

Note. — Engraved title inserted after p. 28. 

1794. A map of the West Indies from the best authorities. 9|xl52. 

[In Morse (Jedidiah). Maps of America to accompany "The American geography." 
[anon.] New ed. 12°. London, J. Stoekdale, 1792-94. no. 20] . 

Same. 

[In Morse (Jedidiah). The American geography. 4°. London, J. Stocljdale, 1794. 
p. 608] . 

1794. A new and complete map of the West Indies comprehending all the coasts 
and islands known by that name. By mons'' d'Anville; with several 
emendations and improvements. British and French sea leagues 20 to a 
degree. 18^x33 J. London, Laurie & Whittle, 1794. 

[In Laurie (Robert) and Whittle (James). A new and elegant imperial sheet atlas, 
fol. London, R. Laurie and J. Whittle, 1808. no. 53]. 

Same. 

[In Kitchin (Thomas, senior-) and others. A new universal atlas, fol. London, 
R. Laurie & J. Whittle, 1795. no. 60] . 

1794. A new general chart of the West Indies from the latest marine journals and 

surveys, regulated and ascertained by astronomical observations. [2"^ ed.] 
27jx40i. London, Laurie & Whittle, 1794. 
1794-6. Jefferys (Thomas, d. 1771). The West-India atlas: or, a compendious descrip- 
tion of the West-Indies: consisting of a complete collection of accurate 
charts, with plans of the harbours, roads, bays — and maps of the separate 
islands, taken from actual surveys. Together with an historical account 
of the several countries and islands which compose that part of the world 
. . . and improved from the latest discoveries, the whole neatly engraved 
on eighty-four plates which comprises sixty charts ... 3 p. 1., 28 pp., 
60 maps on 61 sheets, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794-[1796]. 

Note. —Engraved title found in the earlier editions is wanting. Map no. 25i, "A 

new chart of the coast of Guayana, from the river Berbice to Cape North," is dated 

1796. 

1795. Stabilimenti de Francesi, Inglesi, e Spagnuoli nelle isole Antille. Di nuova 

projezione. G. Pitteri scr. G. Zuliani inc. 12^x16. Venezia, A. Zatta, 
1795. 

[im Zatta (Antonio). Atlante novissimo. fol. Venezia, A. Zatta, 1795. v. 4, no. 49]. 

1795. West Indies. 7^x12^. 

[In Walker (John, 1769-1830). The universal gazetteer. 8°. London, Darton A 
Harvey, 1795. pi. 28] . 



. HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 471 

1796. An accurate map of the West Indies with the adjacent coact of America. D. 
Martin sculp. 1796. 14xl7J. 

[In American (The) atlas, fol. New York, J. Reid, 1796. no. 20] . 

1796. A chart of the West Indies, from the latest marine journals and surveys. W. 
Barker sculp, [anon. ] 11x16. 

[In Carey (Mathew). Carey's American atlas, fol. Philadelphia, M. Carey, 1795. 
no. 21] . 

Same. 

[Jm Carey (Mathew) . Carey's general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, M. Carey, 1796. no. 
43]. 

1796. A general chart of the West Indies. By captain J. S. Speer, with additions 
from the latest navigators. Scales, British statute miles 69J to a degree. 
Marine leagues 20 to a degree. Geometrical or marine miles 60 to a degree. 
28Jx46|^. London, republished by E. Wilkinson, June 4th, 1796. 

1796. West Indies from the best authorities. Doolittle, sculp. 7|xl2. 

[7m Morse (Jedidiah). The American universal geography. 3d ed. 8°. Boston, I. 
Thomas & E. T. Andrews, 1796. pt 1, p. 760] . 

1797. A correct chart of the West India islands. S. H. sculp. 6^x9. 

[7nMalham(John). The naval gazetteer. 1st. Amer. ed. 8°. Boston, W. Spotswood 
& J. Nancrede, 1797. v. 1, p. 515] . 

1797. A new chart of the West Indies including the Florida gulf stream. Drawn 
from the latest authorities by W. Heather. 305x73^. London, author, 
1797. 

[In Heather (William). The marine atlas, fol. London, W. Heather, [1803] . no.45.J 

1797. West Indies, from the best authorities. 71x12^. 

[Jw Morse (Jedidiah). The American gazetteer. 8°. Boston, 1797] . 

1798. Plan du port et de la ville de la Havanne lev6 en 1798 par d. Jose del Ri6 . . . 

public . . . au Depot general de la marine, en 1800. Julius Bien & co. 
photo, lith. 16ix20J. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 

governor of Cuba on civil afEaisfs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 

1901. V. 2, pt. 8, at end] . 

1799. West Indies. 7^x12^. 

[In Payne (John). New and complete system of universal geography. 8°. New- 
York, for J. Low, 1799. v. 4, p. 486] . 

.1799. The West Indies. Neele sculp. 14xl8|. 

[In Cruttwell (Clement). Atlas to accompany Crutt well's. gazetteer, fol. London, 
printed for G. G. & J. Robinson, [1799] . no. 24] . 

1800? Carte de I'isle de Cuba et des isles Lucayes. [Par Chanlaire]. Tardieu sculp. 
Lieues d'Espagne, de 17 J au degre. Lieues legales de Castille, de 26 J au 
degr6. Lieues communes de France, de 25 au degr6. Lieues marines de 
20 au degre. 12|xl6i [1800?] 

1800. The West Indies and gulf of Mexico, from the latest discoveries and best obser- 

vations. Jno. Lodge sculp. 9x14. 

[J?i Russell (William). The history of America. 4°. London, for Walker, 1800. v. 1, 
p. 517]. 

1801. A new and correct general chart of the West Indies including the gulf of Mex- 

ico & bay of Honduras, &c. Collected from the journals, surveys and 
astronomical observations of the most celebrated navigators, by William 
Heather. 30|x49. London, author, 1801. 

[Jn Heather (William). The marine atlas, fol. London, W. Heather, [1803] . no. 46]. 

1802. Havana. Engrav'd & publish'd Jan^. 1, 1802, by J. Luffman. 6x4J. 

[JwLuffman (John). Select plans of the principal cities, harbours, forts &c. in the 
world. 4°. London, J. Luffman, 1801-[1802]. v. 2, no. 59]. 

1803. Chart of the West Indies and Spanish dominions in North America. By A. 

Arrowsmith. 4 sheets each 24x37|. London, A. Arrowsmith, 1803. 



472 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1803. A new map of the West India isles. By John Gary. 18x20. London, J. 
. Gary, 1803. 

[In Gary (John). Gary's new universal atlas, fol. London, J. Gary, 1808. no. 58]. 

1804. West Indies, from the best authorities. Grilbey sc. 7x12. 

[J?i Morse (Jedidiah). The American gazetteer. 2d ed. 8°. Charlestown, 1804]. 

1804. West Indies. IMarshall sculp. 8x9|. 

[In Arrowsmith (Aaron) and Lewis (Samuel). A new and elegant general atlas. 4°. 
Philadelphia, J. Gonrad, 1804. no. 58] . 

1805. The AVest Indies. E. P. delint. Neele sculpt. 8x10. 

[In Patteson (iJeii. Edward). Ageneral and classical atlas, fol. Richmond, [Eng.], 
printed for the author by G. A. Wall, 1804-[1806] . no. 31]. 

1806. West Indies. Harrison sc't. 9Jxl6. 

[In Cyclopaedia (The) or, universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature. By 
Abraham Rees. 1st American ed. 4°. Philadelphia, S. F. Bradford, [1806]. 
V. 6]. 

1807. Havannah in the island of Cuba. [View]. Bennet sculp. Pocockdel. 4^x8. 

[Iw Naval (The) chronicle, 1807. 8°. London, for J. Gold, 1807. v. 18, p. 392]. 

1808. West Indies. Engraved for the New encyclopaedia published by John Low. 

7|-xl2i. New York. 

[In New (The) and complete American encyclopeedia. 4°. New York, J. Low, 1805-11. 
V. 4, bet. pp. 602-603] . 

1809. Laurie and Whittle's new chart of the West Indies, gulf of Mexico and north- 

ern provinces of South America; compiled from the most recent Spanish 
and other surveys, by Joseph Dessiou. 45ix56|. London, Laurie & 
Whittle, 1809. 

1809. West Indies. Drawn under the direction of mr. Pinkney by L. Herbert. 

Neele sculpt. Scale. British statute miles 69^ to a degree. 19f x27i. Lon- 
don, Gadell & Davies; & Longman, Hurst, Eees & Orme, 1809. 

[77J Pinkerton (John). A modern atlas, fol. London, printed for T. Gadell & W. 
Davies; & Longman, Hurst, Orme & Brown, 1815]. 

1810. Edwards (Bryan). A new atlas of the British West Indies, with a whole sheet 

general map of the West India islands, and a w"hole sheet map of the 
island of Hispaniola, or St. Domingo. Engraved to accompany the Phila- 
delphia edition of Edwards' History of the West Indies. 2 p. 1., 11 maps. 
4°. Gharleston, E. IMorford, Willington & co. 1810. 

Contents. — A new map of the West Indies. — Jamaica. — Barbadoes. — Grenada. — St. 
Vincent.— Map of the island of Dominica. — Island of St. Ghristopher's.— Island of 
Antigua. — Virgin Islands. — Island of Tobago. — St. Domingo. 

1810. A new map of the West Indies. Reduced by S. Lewis. Engraved by J. H. 

Seymour. 16x25. 

[In Edwards (Bryan). A new atlas of the West India islands. 4°. Charleston, E. 
Morford, Willington & co. 1810] . 

Same. 

[In Edwards (Bryan). A new atlas of the West India islands. 4°. Philadelphia, 
I. Riley, 1818]. 

1810-16. Chart of the West Indies and Spanish dominions in North America. By 
A. Arrowsmith. 1803. Additions to 1810-1816. Jones, Smith & co. sc. 
48x56. 

[In Arrowsmith (Aaron). Atlas to Thompson's Alcedo. fol. London, G. Smeeton, 
181C. nos. 12-13] . 

1811. The West India islands. 9ixll|. London, W. Darton, 1811. 

[/» Darton (William). . . . Union atlas, fol. London, W. Darton, 1812- [1814]. no. 
31]. 

1811. West Indies, drawn from the best authorities by J. Russell. 14x181. 

[In Guthrie (Wm.) A system of modern geography. 7th ed. 8°. London, 1811. p. 
934]. 



HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 473 

1814. A chart of the West Indies, from the latest marine journals and surveys. 
llixlSf. 

[7m Carey (Mathew). Carey's general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, M. Carey, 1814. no. 
30]. 
1814. West Indies, drawn and engraved for dr. Play fair's geography. Engraved by 
H. Cooper. 18-^x22. 

[In Playfair (James, principal of St. Andrews). A new general atlas, ancient and 
modern, fol. London, printed for the author, 1814] . 

1814. West Indies. Engraved by Kirkwood & son. Drawn & engraved for John 

Thomson & co^ New general atlas, 12 August 1814. 19|x23i. 

[Jw Thomson (John). A new general atlas, fol. Edinburgh, for J. Thomson & co. 
1817. no. 60] . 

1815. West Indies. From various authorities. 7x9. 

[In Guthrie (William). A new geographical, historical and commercial grammar. 
8°. Philadelphia, Johnson & Warner, 1815. v. 2, p. 508] . 

1815-16. The West Indies. By J. Luffman, geogr. 10|x7i. 

[In Luffman (John). Luffman'g geographical & topographical atlas. 2 v. in 1. 4°. 
London, J. Luffman, 1815-16] . 

1816. The harbour of St. Yago in the island of Cuba. 6|x9. London, J. Whittle 

& E. H. Laurie, 1816. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, J. Whittle & R. H. 
Laurie, 1818. no. 52] . 

1816. Island of Cuba. — Chart of the Bahama islands. — The Bermudas, or, Summer 
islands. Drawn & engraved for Thomson's New general atlas, 1816. 
19|x23|. 

[In Thomson (John). A new general atlas, fol. Edinburgh, for J. Thomson & eo. 
1817. no. 61] . 

1816. [West Indies]. J. Russell sculp. 10x16^. 

[In Burney (James). A chronological history of the voyages and discoveries in the 
South sea or Pacific ocean. 4°. London, L. Hansard & sons, 1803-1817. pt. 4. front.] 

1817. Laurie & Whittle's new chart of the Caribbee or West India islands, 'from 

Porto-Rico to Trinidad inclusive; with the coasts of the Spanish Main 
thence to Guayra. Improved by various emendations and additions, from 
the chart constructed under the orders of the Spanish government, by don 
Cosme Churruca, and don Joaquin Franco. Fidalgo . . . John Purdy 
deUnt. G. Allen, sculpt. 3d. ed. 1817. London, R. Laurie & J. Whittle, 
1810-[1817]. 

[In JeSerys (Thomas). The West India atlas, fol. London, J. Whittle & R. H. Lau- 
rie, 1818. nos. 9-10] . 

1817. West Indies. Engraved by Sy. Hall. 8x10. Edinburgh, A. Constable & co. 

1817. 

[Jn Arrowsmith (Aaron). A new general atlas. 4°. Edinburgh, A. Constable & co. 
1817. no. 52] . 

1818. Edwards (Bryan). History of the British West Indies ^by Bryan Edwards 

with a continuation to the present time, illustrated by maps and plates. 

In 5 volumes. [Maps and plates], title, 12 maps, 9 pi., 1 1. at end. 4°. 

London, printed for the proprietors, 1818. 

Contents. — A new map of the West Indies. — A map of the island of Jamaica. — Map of 
the island of Grenada. — Map of the island of St. Vincent. — Map of the island of 
Dominica. — Map of the island of St. Christopher's. — Map of the island of Antigua. — 
Map of the Virgin islands.— Map of the island of St. Domingo.— Map of the island of 
Tobago. 

1818. Edwards (6ryan). Anew atlas of the West India islands, title, 11 maps. 
4°, Philadelphia, I. Riley, 1818. 

Note. — Atlas to accompany Edwards' History of the West Indies. Rebound, taking 
title page from title on the original cover. 



474 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Same. Cover title, 11 maps. 4°. Philadelphia, I. Riley, 1818. 

Contents.— Pi-new map of the West Indies.— St. Domingo.— Jamaica.— Map of the island 
of Dominica. — St. "Vincent. — Virgin islands. — Barbadoes. — Island of St. Christo- 
phers.— Island of Antigua.— Island of Tobago.— Grenada. 

1818. Jeff erys (Thomas, d 1771). The West-India atlas: comprehending a complete 
collection of accurate charts, of the navigation of the M'^est-Indies and gulf 
of Mexico; with plans of the harbours, roads, bays, &c. and distinct maps 
of the different islands from actual surveys, adjusted by the latest astro- 
nomic observations. The whole newly arranged, and including the large 
chart of the Atlantic ocean, by John Purdy; the new general chart of the 
West-Indies, by Joseph Dessiou; and the improved editions of the maps, 
by the late Thomas Jefferys, geographer to the king: with several others 
recently published. 2 p. 1., 52 maps on 57 sheets, fol. London, J. 
Whittle <^ R. H. Laurie, 1818. 

1818. Laurie and Whittle's new chart of the Windward passages and Bahama islands, 
with the islands of St. Domingo, Jamaica, Cuba, etc., etc. Compiled from 
a great variety of topographic surveys and nautical details . . . By John 
Purdy. Engraved by W. West. 3d ed., improved: 1818. 2 sheets each 
37x24J. London, R. Laurie & J. Whittle, 1818. 

[iw Jefferys (Thomas). The West India atlas, fol. London, J. Whittle & R. H. Lau- 
rie. 1818. no. 11-12]. 
Note.— Pub. London, 2d. Sepr. 1811.— Improved edition 1818. 

1818. A new map of the West Indies for the History of the British colonies by Bryan 
Edwards esq. Scale of English miles 19^ to a degree. 2 sheets each 
27ix22J. London, W. H. Reid. 

[in Edwards (Bryan). History of the British West Indies. 4°. London, printed for 
the proprietors, 1818. Atlas, no. 1]. 

1818. A new chart of the West Indies, gulf of Mexico, and northern provinces of 
South America; compiled from the most recent Spanish and other surveys 
by Joseph Dessiou. Improved edition with additions to 1818. 2 sheets, 
each 22Jx55. London, J. Whittle & R. H. Laurie, 1813-[1818]. 

[In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, J. Whittle & R. H. 

Laurie, 1818. nos. 7-8] . 
Note. — Dedication signed "Laurie & Whittle." 

1818. Portulano de la America Septentrional. Ccnstruido en la direccion de los tra- 
bajos hydrogrMcos. Dividido en quarto partes. Aumentado y corregido 
en ISls"! 2 p. 1., 16, 46, 34, 16, 9 maps. obi. fol. Madrid, 1809. 

1818. West Indies. 9^x15^. 

[In Carey (Mathew) & son. Carey's general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, M. Carey & 
son, 1818. map 30]. 

1818. West Indies. 20x27. 

[In. Pinkerton (John). A modern atlas, fol. Philadelphia, T. Dobson, 1818. no. 47]. 

1820. Indie Occidentali. M" di Pietro inc. Roma. 7x12. 

[In Rossi (Luigi). Nuovo atlante di geografla universale, fol. Milano, coi tipi di 
Batelli e Fanfani, 1820- [1821] . no. 40] . 

1821. Carta delle isole Antille. 1821. Leghe communi di 25 al grado. 13Jxl6J. 

[In Rossi (Luigi). Nuovo atlante di geografla universale, fol. Milano, coi tipi di 
B£.telli e Fanfani, 1820- [1 821] . no. 42] . 

1821. A new map of the West India isles, from the latest authorities. By John Cary, 

engraver, 1821. 17|x20. London, J. Cary, 1821. 

[In Cary (John). Cary's new universal atlas, fol. London, printed for J. Cary, 1824. 
no. 59] . 

1822. Geographical, statistical and historical map of Cuba and the Bahama islands. 

B. Tanner sc. 9Jxl4. 

[In Complete (A) historical, chronological and geographical American atlas, fol. 
Philadelphia, H. C. Carey & I. Lea, 1822. no. 40]. 



. HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 475 

1822. Porto de Cavanas. Surveyed by Anthony de Mayne, r. n., in 1816. 11^x7 J. 
London, 1822. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 412] . 

1822. West Indies. 8ix9f. 

[In Drury (Luke). A geography for schools. 4°. Providence, R. I., Miller & Hutch- 
ens, 1822. pi. 20] . 

1823. Plan of the anchorage formed by Piedras, Mono, Monillo, and other adjacent 

cays. J. & 0. Walker sculpf 7|xlli. London, 1823. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 410] . 

1823. Port Bariai, on the north coast of Cuba. 9x6|. London, 1823. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 422] . 

1823. Port Jururu, on the north coast of Cuba. J. Walker sculpt 12x8. London, 
1823. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 421] . 

1823. Port Mariel, on the north coast of Cuba, about 7 leagues west of Havannah. 
From a Spanish printed plan. J. Walker sculp? 11x72. [London], 
1823. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 413] . 

1823. The port of Manati, on the north coast of Cuba. J. Walker sculpt 8^x8^. 
[London], 1823. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 418] . 

1823. Port of Nuevas Grandes, on the north coast of Cuba. J. Walker sculp? 7x8|. 
London, 1823. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 417] . 

1823. Puerto de las Nuevitas del principe, on the north coast of Cuba. Plan of the 

channel on an extended scale. J. Walker sculp? 9x17. London, 1823. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 416] . 

1824. The port of Baracoa, on the north coast of Cuba, near the east end. From a 

Spanish printed plan. 8|^x9. London, 1824. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 438] . 

1824. The ports of Cabonico & Livisa, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish 
printed plan. 7^x11^. London, 1824. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 428] . 

1824. The port of Cayo Moa, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
plan. SixlOi. London, 1824. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 433] . 
1824. The port of Cebollas, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
plan. 7|xll|. London, 1824. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 430] . 

1824. The port of Gibara, on the north coast of Cuba. 9x7. London, 1824. 
[Great Britain Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 420] . 

1824. The port of Maravi on the n. e. coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
J. Walker sculpt. 7|x5f . London, 1824. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 437] . 

1824. The port of Navas on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
J. Walker sculpt. 7|x5i. London, 1824. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 437] . 

1824. The port of Yaguanique on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
plan. J. Walker sculpt. llx8J. London, 1824. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 432] . 

1824. Port Padre, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. J. 
Walker sculpt. 7x10. London, 1824. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 419] . 



476 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1825. The bay of Jagua on the south coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
J. Walker sculpt. Il|xl2i. London, 1825. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 444]. 

1825. Carta esferica que comprende la costa meridional parte de la setentrional 6 islas 
adyacentes de la isla de Cuba desde la punta de Maisi hasta cabo S. Anto- 
nio levantada en 1793. Corregida en 1804 y publicada por orden del excmo 
senor d° Guadalupe Victoria, primer presidente de la Kepiiblica. 22^x35^. 
Mexico, 1825. 

1825. Carta esferica que comprehende una parta de las islas Antillas, las de Puerto Kico, 
Haity, Jamayca y Cuba con los bancos y canales adyacentes. Construida 
en 1799. Corregida en 1815 y publicada por orden del escmo sor d. 
Guadalupe Victoria, primer presidente de la Eepdblica Mexicana. 22 Jx33i. 
Mexico, 1825. 

1825. Carte g^ographique, statistique et historique de Cuba, lie de Cuba. Dressee 
par Pierron d'apres la carte de m. de Humboldt . . . Grav4 par Henne- 
quin. Ecrit par Arnoul. Echelle en lieues de 25 au degre, 15^x19^. 
[In Buchon (Jean Alexandre C, tr.). Atlas gSographique, statistique, historique et 
chronologique des deux Am6riques. fol. Paris, J. Carez, 1825. no. 46] . 

1825. Carte g6ographique, statistique et historique des Indes Occidentales. Grav^ 
par B. de Beaupr6. Echelle en lieues de 25 au degr6. 12x15. 

[In Buchon (Jean Alexandre C, tr.) Atlas g^ographique, statistique, historique et 
chronologique des deux Am^riques. fol. Paris, J. Carez, 1826. no. 45]. 

1825. Carta maritima de la isla de Cuba, que comprehende las jurisdicciones de 
Filipina, la Havana, las quatro villas, la de la villa Puerto del Principe, el 
Bayamo y la de la ciudad de Cuba. Por don Juan Lopez, pensionista de 
S. M. 2 sheets each 14xl7|. Madrid, 1825. 

1825. The port of Mata, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
J. Walker sculpt. 7Jx8. [London], 1825. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 439] . 

1825. The port of Taco on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 

J. Walker sculpt. 8|x5|. London, 1825. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 435] . 

1826. Bahia Honda on the north coast of Cuba. From Spanish printed plan. 10|x7J. 

London, 1826. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 411]. 

1826. Carte de I'ile de Cuba. Redigee sur les observations astronomiques des navi- 
gateurs Espagnols et sur celles de mr. de Humboldt. Par P. Lapie . . . 
1826. 12ix25J. 

[In Humboldt ( P. W. H. A. freiherr von) . Atlas g^ographique et physique des regions 
6quinoxiales du nouveau continent, fol. Paris, libraire de Gide, 1814^1834. no. 23] . 
Note. — Inset: Plan du port et de la ville de la Havane. 

Same. 

[Jn Humboldt (P. W. H. A. freiherr von). Essai politique sur I'ile de Cuba. 8°. Paris, 

J. Smith, Gide fils, J. Renouard, 1826. at end] . 
Note. — Inset: Plan du port et de la ville de la Havane. 

1826. lie de Cuba. Ecrit par Hacq. 9x13. 

[j;i Huber (E.) Aper^u statistique de I'ile de Cuba. 8°. Paris, P. Dufart, 1826] . 

1826. Port Escondido or Hidden harbour, on the south coast of Cuba. From a 
Spanish printed plan. 7^x10. London, 1826. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 441] . 

1826. The part of Sama on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
J. & C. Walker sculpt. 11x6^ London, 1826. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 425] . 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 477 

1826. Plan of p" de Vita on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
J. & C. AValker sculpt. lUx8. London, 1826. 

[Great Britain. AdIniraltJ^ Hydrographic office. Chart no. 423] . 

1826. The port of Baitiqueri; on the south coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
plan. 9|x7|. London, 1826. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 440] . 

1826. The port of Banes, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
plan. 7xlOi-. London, 1826. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 426] . 

1826. The port of Cananova, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
plan. 9ix6|. London, 1826. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 431] . 

1826. The port of Cayaguanique, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish 
printed plan. 7^x8 J. London, 1826. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 436] . 

1826. The port of Jaragua; on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
plan. J. & C. Walker sculpt. 6^x9^. London, 1826. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 434] . 

1826. The port of Naranjo on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
plan. J. & C. Walker sculpt. 8f x8|. London, 1826. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 424] . 

1826. The port of Nipe on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
J. &C. Walker, sculpt. 8x12. London. 1826. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 427] . 

1826. A survey of the Isle of Pines and adjacent coast of Cuba by capt.'' Geo.'' Har- 
ris, r. n. assisted by lieu.* H. D. Trotter, mess.''^ Read, McHardy & Davi- 
son, r. n. Il2xl5|. London, 1826. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 445] . 

1826. The West Indies from the best authorities. J. H. Young, sc. 9|xl6j. 

[In Finley (Anthony). A new American atlas, fol. Philadelphia, A. Finley, 1826. 
no. 14]. 

1827. Carey (H. C.) and Lea (I.) A complete historical, chronological, and geo- 

graphical American atlas, being a guide to the history of North and South 
America, and the West Indies. 3d ed. 3 p. 1., 119 1. incl. 46 maps. fol. 
Philadelphia, H. C. Carey & I. Lea, 1827. 
1827. Chart of the Bahama Islands. — Island of Cuba. — The Bermudas, or Summer 
Islands. 20x23|. 

[In Thomson (John). A new general atlas, fol. London, for J. Thomson & co. 
1827. no. 61] . 

1827. Made Cuba. 6Jxl2. 

[In Gtiia de forasteros de la siempre flel isla de Cuba, para el aiio hisiestro de 1828. 
18°. Habana, 1827. at end] . 

1827. Itinerario, piano de la ciudad de la Habana y oti-o de toda la isla. 7^x11^. 

[In Guia de forasteros de la siempre fiel isla de Cuba, para el ano bisiestro de 1828. 
18°. Habana, 1827. at end] . 

1827. Mapa de la isla de Cuba, formada sobre las observaciones astronomicas de los 
navegantes espanoles y del baron de Humboldt. Grabado en Paris por 
Ambrosio Tardieu. 9fxl6j. Paris, J. Renouard, 1827. • 

[In Humboldt (F. W. H. A.freiherr von). Ensayo politico sobre la isla de Cuba. 8°. 

Paris, J. Renouard, 1827. bet. pp. iv-v] . 
Note. — Inset: Plan del puerto y de la ciudad de la Habana." 

1827. The port of Guantanamo or Cumberland harbour, on the south coast of Cuba. 
From a Spanish printed plan. 12x8. London, 1827. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 442] . 



478 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1827. West Indies. 19Jx23i. 

[In A new general atlas, fol. London, for J. Thomson & co. 1827. no. 60] . 

1827. West Indies. By Sidney Hall. English miles 69 to a degree. 16x20. London, 

Longman, Eees, Orme, Brown & Green, 1827. 

[In Hall (Sidney). A new general atlas, fol. London, printed for Longman, Eees, 
Orme, Brown & Green, 1830. no. 47] . 

1828. West Indies. J. H. Young sc. 8x9J. 

[Ill Malte-Brun (Malthe Conrad Bruun, called). A new general atlas, fol. Phila- 
delphia, J. Grigg, 1828. no. 36]. 

1829. Cartes des Antilles du golfe du Mexique et d'une partie des etats voisins. 

Dressee par m. Lapie et m. Lapie fils. 15^x21. Paris, 1829. 

[In Lapie (Pierre) and Lapie (Alexandre Emile). Atlas universel de geographic 
ancienne et moderne. fol. Paris, EjTuery, Frueger et cie. 1829- [1842]. no. 45]. 

1829. [Piano en que se manifesta la division de la isla de Cuba en provincias mari- 
timas, y estas en distritos]. 9^x12^. Impta. litog. Hab°'. 

[In Laborde y Navarro (Angel). Nueva divisi6n de la isla de Cuba en provincias 
maritimas. 12°. Habana, J. Bolofla, 1829. front.] 

1829. West Indies. Young & Delleker sc. 8|xlli. 

[I7i Finley (Anthony, publisher). A new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, A. Finley, 
1829. no. 32] . 

Same. 

[J» Finley (Anthony, pM6ZJs/ier). A new general atlas, fol. A. Finley, 1831. no. 32]. 

1830. Piano de la ciudad y puerto de la Habana, estendiendose al o. mas de los 

leguas . . . rectificado y aumentado en el ano 1830. Julius Bien & co. 
photo, lith. 12|xl2J. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 

governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 1901. 

V. 2, pt. 3, at end] . 

1830. Westindien. Geogr. meilen 15 auf 1 grad. 7|xl0i. 

[In Schlieben (Wilhelm Ernest August von). Atlas von Amerika. fol. Leipzig, G. J. 
Goschen, 1830. no. 30]. 

1831. Plan of the harbour and city of Havana. J. Wyld sculp. 6|x8. 

[In Hallam (George). Narrative of a voyage from Montego bay, in the island of 
Jamaica, to England; by a route never gone before or since, across the island of Cuba 
to Havana. 12°. London, printed for C. J. G. & F. Rivington, 1831. front.] 

1831-37. Piano comparativo de la configuracion de las costas de la extremidad occi- 
dental de la isla de Cuba, representadas en la gran carta de Barcelona de 
1831 y en la del Deposito hydrogrdfico de Madrid de 1837 . . . 9x17. 
[In Sagra (Ram6n de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba, 
fol. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2]. 

1832. A general chart of the West Indies and gulf of Mexico, describing the gulf and 

Windward passages, coasts of Florida, Louisiana and Mexico, bay of Hon- 
duras and Musquito shore; likewise the coast of the Spanish main to the 
mouths of the Orinoco. Drawn chiefly from the surveys of mr. Anthy. 
De Mayne, r. n., the new Spanish charts &c . . . 4 sheets each 24Jx36^. 
[London], 1824-1832. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 392] . 

Note.— Inset: Chart of the Virgin islands. 

1832. West Indies, by J. Arrowsmith. 18^x23^. London, 1832. 

[7)1 Arrowsmith (John). London atlas. 4 v. 8°. London, J. Arrowsmith, [1832-1846]. 

V. 4, no. 45]. 
Note.— Date altered to 1834. 

1832. West Indies. J. H. Young sc. 8x9|. 

[/n Malte-Brun (Malthe Conrad Bruun, caKed). A new general atlas, fol. Philadel- 
phia, Grigg & Elliot, 1832] . 

1832. West Indies. J. Yeager sc. 3|x5i 

[Jn Family cabinet atlas, [anon.] First American edition, revised, corrected, and 
enlarged. 16°. Philadelphia, Carey & Lea, 1832. pi. 91] . 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 479 

1834. Carte du quartier de Ste Catherine et des contrees environnantea jusqu'tl San- 
tiago de Cuba, levee par Alex. Jaegerschmid, ex oflficier en mai 1834. 
9Jxl6. 

[In Society de g^ographie. Bulletin. 2e serie. 8°. Paris, 1834. v. 2] . 

1834. West Indies. [Copyrighted] 1834. 10Jxl2|. 

[In Burr (David H.) A new universal atlas, fol. New York, D. S. Stone, [1835?] 
no. 55] . 

1834. West Indies. British miles 69 to a degree. Drawn & engraved by J. Dower. 

13ixl6. London, H. Teesdale & co. 1834. 

[In Dower (John). A new general atlas of the world, fol. London, H. Teesdale & 

CO. 1835. no. 39] . 
Note. — This atlas is bound with Teesdale's, A new British atlas. 1835. 

1835. The Antilles or West-India islands. J. & C. Walker sculpt. 12^x15^. Lon- 

don, Baldwin & Cradock, 1835. 

[In Society (The) for the diffusion of useful knowledge. A series of maps, modern 
and ancient, fol. London, Baldwin & Cradock, [1829-35] . no. 73] . 

1835. IMexico, Guatemala, and the West Indies. 10x7J. 

[In Bradford (Thomas G.) A comprehensive atlas, geographical, historical & com- 
mercial. 4°. Boston, American stationers' co. 1835. p. 65] . 

1835. West Indies. 7Jx9J. 

[In Bradford (Thomas G.) A comprehensive atlas geographical, historical & com- 
mercial. 4°. Boston, American stationers' co. 1835. p. 68]. 

1837. Plan du phare de la JHavane, d'apres celui de d. Jose Del Rio. 10Jx7f. 

[In Coulier (Ph. J.) Atlas general des phares et fanaux a I'usage des navigateurs. 
4°. Paris, I'auteur, [1844] -1850. Am6rique Equatoriale, 1'^= section, no. 8]. 

1837. West Indies. J. H. Young sc. 8x9|. 

[J?i Mai te-Brun (Malthe Conrad Bruun, catted). A new general atlas, fol. Philadel- 
phia, Grigg & Elliot, 1837. no. 36] . 

1838. Cuba. The Colorados from a Spanish m. s. with outlying coral banks, from a 

survey by captn. R. Owen R. N. 1836. J. & C. Walker sculpt. lOfxlO. 
[London], 1838. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 1159] . 

1838. West Indies. Engraved by G. W. Boynton. 11^x14^. 

[In Bradford (Thomas G. ) An illustrated atlas, geographical, statistical and historical 
of the United States and the adjacent countries, fol. Philadelphia, E. S. Grant & 
CO. [1838]. p. 166]. 

1839. Blunt's new chart of the West Indies and gulf of IVIexico. Engraved by W. 

Hooker. ■ From the Spanish, English, French & Danish surveys. 24|x83 J. 

New York, E. & G. W. Blunt, 1839. 

Note. — Insets: Harbour of St. Thomas by captain L. I. Rhode, 1822. — Entrance to the 
harbour of Havanna. W. Hooker sc — Ragged island. By mr. Anthj De Mayne, 
r.n. — Harbour of Matanzas. W. Hooker sc — A geometrical plan of the principal 
harbour in the island of Porto Rico, surveyed in 1794 by don Cosme de Churruca. 
W. Hooker sc— The harbour of Tampico, from actual survey, 1833. 

1839. Map of the West India & Bahama islands, with the adjacent coasts of Yucatan, 

Honduras, Colombia, &c. 20x29. 

[In Tanner (Henry S.) A new American atlas, fol. Philadelphia, H. S. Tanner, 
1839]. 

1840. West Indies. Engraved by S. Hall. 10^x141 . 

[In Hall (Sydney). Black's general atlas, fol. Edinburgh, [etc.] A. <& C. Black, 

1840. map 50]. 
Note. — Same map found in edition of 1841. 

1841. Piano geogriifico de la isla de Cuba . . . 21x36. 

[In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2] . 

1841. West Indies. 18^x24^. London, 1841. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 390] . 



480 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1841. West Indies, Guatimala etc. Drawn and engraved by J. Archer. 9xllJ. 

[J?i Mudie (Robert). Gilbert's modern atlas of the earth, fol. London, H. G. Collins, 
[1841?] p. 188]. 

1842. IMapa de la isla de Cuba y tierras circunvecinas, segun las divisiones de los 

naturales, con las derrotas que siguio el almirante don Cristobal Colon por 
aquellos mares . . . 1842. Gravee sur pierre par L. Bouffard. 8|xl3|. 
[In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 11] . 

1842. Piano de la ciudad y del puerto de la Habana . . . 8|xl4. 

[In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 10]. 

1842. Pianos de bolsillo de la isla de Cuba, la ciudad de la Habana y sus barrios 
estramuros, tabla de distancias de unos pueblos A otros, y el plan de 
senales del Morro. 3 p. 1., 3 maps, 3 pL, 1 tab. 16°. Habana, gobierno 
y capitania general, 1842. 

1842. West Indies. 12^xl0|. 

[In Greenleaf (Jeremiah). A new universal atlas. New ed. rev. fol. Brattle- 
boro, Vt, G. R. French, 1842. p. 58]. 

1842.. West Indies. Engraved by J. Knight. 11x14. Philadelphia, Carey & Hart 
[1834]. 

[In Tanner (Henry S.) A new universal atlas, fol. Philadelphia, Carey & Hart, 
1842. no. 29]. 

1843. Plan du port et de la ville de la Havane rectifie d'apres celui de 1843, de don 

Ramon de la Sagra. 85x135. 

[I?i Hespel d'Harpon ville (Gustave d'). La reine des Antilles. 8°. Paris, Gide & 
Baudry, 1850. p. 75]. 

1843. Rough sketch or reconnoissance of the copper region and of the geology of the 
Savana region of Gibara in the island of Cuba, from the field notes of 
Richard C. Taylor. Scale, one inch to a mile. 18^x13. 

[In American philosophical society. Transactions. New Series. 4°. Philadelphia, 

1846. at end] . 
Note. — To accompany an article on p. 204, entitled, " Memoir on the character and 
prospects of the copper region of Gibara, and a sketch of the geology of the north- 
east part of the island of Cuba, by Rich. C. Taylor." 

1843. West Indies. Engraved by G. W. Boynton. Iljxl4. 1838. 

[In Bradford (Thomas Gamaliel) and Goodrich (Samuel Griswold) editors. A uni- 
versal, illustrated atlas, fol. Boston, C. D. Strong, 1843. bet. pp. 166-167] . 

1844. Central America and the West Indies, from the latest and best authorities. 

.12i-xl9J. New York, Harper & bros. [1844]. 

[I7i M'Culloch (J. R.) M'Culloch's universal gazetteer. 8°. New York, Harper & 

brothers, 1844. v. 2, p. 9] . 
Note. — Inset: The harbour and city of Havana. 

1844. Plan of the harbour and city of the Havana, surveyed by don Joseph Del Rio, 
captain in the Spanish navy. 1798 . . . The meridian and the scale 
have been corrected by commander E. Barnett 1844. Cooper, sc. 16x20^. 
[London, 1844?] 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Chart no. 414] . 

1846. Carte g^n^rale des phares de I'Amerique equinoxiale et ses colonies. Grav6 
par Benard. 17x32J. 

[In Coulier ( Ph. J. ) Atlas general des phares et fanaux a I'usage des navigateurs. 4°. 
Paris, I'auteur, [1844] -1850. Am6rique 6quatoriale, 1'''= section, map 1]. 

1846. Havana. 1. Situation of h. m.'s ship "Romney" in the harbour. 2. Situa- 
tion of the barricoon "Noria" offered by the capt. gen. in place of the 
Romney. 11x14. 

[/n Great Britain. Parliament. Accounts and papers. 1846. v. 50, p. 422]. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 481 

1847. West Indies, By J. Arrowsmith. lSJx24. London, J. Arrowsmith, 1847. 

[In his The London atlas of universal geography, fol. London, J. Arrowsmith, 1842- 
[1850] . no. 45] . 

1848. West Indies. Sheet 1. Florida strait surveyed by captns. Owen and Barnett 

and mr. Demayne E. N. 1821-1838. The coast of Cuba from Spanish 
charts of 1836-1837. 18jx24. London, 1848. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 1217] . 

1849. Piano pintoresco de la Habana con los numeros de las casas. Dedicado por el 

autor a la memoria de su tio el sor. Coronel d. Antonio M* de la Torre y 
Cdrdenas. 1849. 16^x21^ New York, W. S. Barnard, 1849. 

Note.— Inset views of; Puenta de la Habana en el paseo de Isabel 2".— Gran teatro de 
Tacon.— Real cArcel y presidio.— Catedral*— Hospital militar.— Deposito de villa- 
nueva 6 paradero del ferro-carril.— Castillo del Morro.- Vista general de la Ha- 
bana.— Deposito del Cas.— Templete.— Quinta del e. s. conde de la Fernandina.— R' 
casa de beneflcencia. — Palaeio de gobierno. — Circo Habanero. 

1849. Piano topogrdfico de los barrios extramuros de la ciudad de la Habana hasta el 

puente de Chavez. 11x13^. 

[J?i Guia de forasteros en la siempre fiel isla de Cuba para el ano de 1849. 18°. 
Habana, 1849. p. 148] . 

185-? Piano topogrMco de la ciudad de Sta. Maria de Puerto Principo y sus cercanias. 
Al sof . . . Belisario Alvarez y Cespedes . . . le dedica este trabajo . . . 
Tomds Valles. 31x31. [185-?] 

1850? The port of S* lago de Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. .7 Walker, 
sculpt. Il|x9. London, 1824. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart 443]. 

Note.— Contains following statement: No light was shown in the lighthouse in Nov 
1850. 

1850. Carte de I'isle de Cuba d'aprSs la nouvelle division territoriale. Kectifiee sur 

celle publiee par le gouv' espagnol en oct'"^ 1847. Lith. Napoleon Chaix. 
13x17. Paris, 1850. 

[In Hespel d'Harponville (Gustave d'). La reine des Antilles. 8°. Paris, Gide & 
Baudry, 1850. at end] . 

1850. Cuba and the Windward passages. 78Jx40. New York, E. & G. W. Blunt, 
1850. 

Note. — Inset: Plan of Havana from the Spanish surveys. 

1850. Plan du port et de la ville de la Havane rectifie d'apres celui de 1843, de don 
Ramon de la Sagra. Lith. n. Chaix et cie. 8f xlO. 

[In Hespel d'Harponville (Gustave d'). La reine des Antilles. 8°. Paris, Gide & 
Baudry, 1850. bet. pp. 74-75] . . 

1850. West India islands, etc. [Showing lights and light houses] . 12^x14. 
[In Great Britain. Parliament. Accounts and papers. 1850. v. 53] . 

1850. West Indies. 12x15. 

[In Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). A new univer.sal atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 

Thomas, Cowperthwait & co. 1853. no. 39] . 
Note.— Copyrighted in 1850. 

1850. West India islands, by A. K. Johnston. Engraved by W. & A. K. Johnston. 

Geographical miles 60 to a degree. English miles 69 to a degree. 19|x24. 

[In Johnston (Alexander Keith) . The national atlas of historical, commercial and 

political geography, fol. Edinburgh and London, W. Blackwood & sons, 1850. 

no. 40] . 

1850. Wilson's statistical map of Cuba. 1850. 12x17^. New Orleans, T. W. Wilson, 

[1850]. 

1851. Birds' eye view of Havana. Drawn from nature & on stone by J. Bachman. 

22x31J. New York, A. Guerber & co. 1851. 

159a— 05 31 



482 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1851. Cuba. 18x23. Philadelphia, R. L. Barnes, 1851. 

Note. — In Department of State. 

1851. Map of the West Indies & Bahama islands with the adjacent coasts of Yucatan, 
Honduras, Caracas, &c. By James Wyld. 11x30^. London, J. Wyld, 
1851. 

[I?i Wyld (James). A new general atlas, fol. Londop. [1854].] 

1851. New map of the island of Cuba showing the present theater of war. 16x20; 
New York, T. Schedler, 1851. 

1851. Posesiones de America. Isla de Puerto Rico. Por el teniente coronel capitan 

de ingenieros d. Francisco Coello. Las notas estadisticas 6 historicas han 
sido escritas. Pord. P^scual Madoz. 33x44. Madrid, J. Noguerra, 1851. 
Note. — At top of sheet "Diccionario geogrAflco estatlstico liist6rico. Atlas de 
Espaiia — sus posesiones de ultramar." 

1851-53. Isla de Cuba. Atlas del diccionario geogrdfico. Por F. Coello y P. Madoz. 
2 sheets each 33x44. Madrid, 1851-53. 
Note. — In Department of State. 

1852. Carta de una parte de la costa setentrional de Cuba con el derrotero que siguio 

por ella Cristobal Colen en 1492 y pianos de los puertos que probable- 
mente visito entonces en la isla. Por d. Jose C. de Arboleya. 9Jxl5J. 
Habana, 1852. 

[Jn Garcia de Arboleya (Josd). Manual de la isla de Cuba. 2. ed. 24°. Habana, 

imprenta del Tiempo, 1859. bet. pp. 80-81] . 
Note. — Insets: Fondeadero de Moa. — Puerto de Samd.— Puerto de Jibara. — Puertos 
de Nipe, Cabonico y Levisa. — Puerto de Juragua. — Puerto de TAnamo. 

1852-53. Chart of the island of Cuba. John Arrowsmith, litho. 11^x24. 
[7n Great Britain. Parliament. Reports, committees. 1852-53. v. 39]. 

1853. Cuadro de la division territorial y de la poblacion de la isla de Cuba. Lith. 

Escudero. 10|xl5J. 

[In Habana (Jos6 Gutierrez de la Concha y de Irigoyen, marques de la). Memorias 
sobre el estado politico, gobierno y administraci6n de la isla de Cuba. 8°. Madrid, 
J. Trujillo, 1853. at end] . 

1853. Isla de Cuba por el teniente coronel, capitan de ingenieros d. Francisco Coello. 

Las notas estadisticas 6 historicas han sido escritas por d. Pascual Madoz. 
Madrid 1853. Casi todo el interior de la isla, ha sido arreglado y dibu- 
jado por mi amigo y compaiiero d. Tomas 0-Ryan teniente coronel, 
capitan de ingenieros. Grabado en Madrid bajo la direcci6n del autor. 
La topografia por d. Camilo Alabern, el contorno por Deroux, la letra por 
Bacot. Las cartas que no tengan el sello de la empresa se considerardn 
falsificadas. 21^x40. 

[In Coello de Portugal y Quesada (Francisco). Atlas de Espana. 16°. [Madrid, 

1848-68] . 
Note.— Inset plans: "SenoMejicano.— Guanajay. 1 2000.000.— Manzanillo. 1 200.000.— 
Holguin. 1 200.000. Santiago de las Vegas. 1 20.000.— Pinar del Rio. 1 20.000.— S. 
Antonio de los Bancs. 1 20.000.— La Asuncion de Guanabacoa. 1 20.000.— Contornos 
de la Habana. 1 500.000.— S. Julian de los Giiines. 1 20.000.— S*" Clara. 1 20.000.— 
Caibarien. 1 20.000.— Islas Lucayas.— Puerto Principe. 1 20.000." 

1854. Map of the West Indies & Bahama Islands with the adjacent coasts of Yuca- 

tan, Honduras, Caracas, &c. By James Wyld. Ilx30j. London, J. 
Wyld, 1851. 

[/?i Wyld (James). A new general atlas, fol. London, [1854].] 
1854. Piano de Matanzas. Litogr? de L. Marguier. 11^x151-. 

[In Alfonso (Pedro Antonio). Memorias de un matancero. Apuntes para la historia. 
de la isla de Cuba, con relacion a la ciudad de San Carles [sic] y San Severino de; 
Matanzas. 12°. Matanzas, Marsal y ca. 1754. at end] . 

1854. West Indies. Drawn & engraved by J. Dt^wer. 13^x16^. 

[In Dower (John). A new general atlas of the world, fol. London, H. Teesdale & 
CO. [1864] . no. 39] . 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 483 

1854-1858. Kerhallet (Charles Marie Phillippe de, 1809-1863). Manuel de la navi- 
gation dans la mer des Antilles et dans le golfe du Mexique par m. Ch. 
Philippe de Kerhallet. 3 v. Paris, depot general de la marine, 1854-[1858] . 
1855. Colton's Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Rico. 11^x14. New York, G. W. & C. B. 
Colton, [1855]. 

[In Colton (G. Woolworth). Colton's general atlas, fol. New York, G. W. & C. B. 
Colton & CO. 1870. no. 87] . 

1855. Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Rico. 12|xl5J. New York, J. H. Colton & co. 

1855. 
1855. Cuba. North coast. Anchorage on the west side of I. Frances. By T. W. 

Sulivan, r. n. master h. m. s. Vestal. 1854. 9|xl2J. London, 1855. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 2384] . 

1855. A general chart of the West Indies and gulf of Mexico, describing the gulf and 
Windward passages, coasts of Florida, Louisiana and Mexico, bay of Hon- 
duras and Musquito shore; likewise the coast of the Spanish main to the 
mouths of the Orinoco. Drawn chiefly from the surveys of mr. Anthy. 
De Mayne, r. n., the new Spanish charts &c . . . Additions and cor- 
rections from the surveys of captns. R. Owen & E. Barnett, lieut. G. B. 
Lawrance and mr. J. Parsons, mast. r. n. to 1855. 4 sheets each 24x375. 
[London] 1824-1855. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart nos. 392a-392d] . 
Note. — Inset: Chart of the Virgin islands. 

1855. Map of the island of Cuba. Compiled from the most reliable Spanish authori- 
ties. 26x34. [New York, Ensign, Bridgman & Fanning, 1855]. 

1855. Plan of the city of Havana and its environs, from a survey made April 1855 by 
A. De Lono. 7x7J. New Orleans, A. De Loiio, 1855. 

1855. West Indies. Drawn & engraved by J. Dower. 8x10. 

,[Jn Petermann (August Heinrich) and Milner (Thomas). The library atlas of phys- 
ical and political geography, fol. London, W. S. Orr, 1855. no. 46]. 

1856. Central America, Mexico & West Indies. Drawn & engraved by J. Barthol- 

omew. Printed in colors by Schenck & Macfarlane, Edinburgh. lO^xlSJ. 
[Jn Black (Adam) o?id Black (Charles). Black's atlas of North America, fol. Edin- 
burgh, A. & C. Black, 1856. no. 19] . 

1856. Entree de Cabaiias, lie de Cuba. Croquis leve en 1816 par de Mayne . 
1/33,113. Il|x9. [Paris], depot-general de la marine, 1856. 

[In Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 
Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854-[1858] . v. 1, no. 1500. no. [56] .] 

1856. Port de Bahia-Hondia, ile de Cuba, d'apres le plan Espagnol de 1809-1818, 
1/34,129. Il|x9. [Paris], d^pot-gen^ral de la marine, 1856. 

[In Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans lamer des Antilles. 
Paris, d^pot de la marine, 1854-[1858] . v. 1, no. 1503. no. [55] .] 

1856. Port de Baracoa, ile de Cuba, d'apres le plan Espagnol de 1809-1818. 1/7,020, 
9xll|. [Paris], depot-general de la marine, 1856. 

[In Kerhallet (C. M.P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4° 
Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854-[1858] . v. 1, no. 1501. no. [59] .] 

1856. Port deJagua, Cuba. Leve en 1836 par F61ix de Bouyon .. . 1/61,500. 18xllf. 
[Paris], depot des cartes et plans de la marine, 1856. 

[In Kerhallet (C. M.P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854- [1858] . v. 1, no. 1601. no. [51] .] 

1856. Port de Mariel, ile de Cuba, d'apres le plan Espagnol de 1809-1818. 1/24,038. 
11^x9. [Paris] , d6p6t-general de la marine, 1856. 

[In Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
Paris, d^pot de la marine, 1854- [1858] . v. 1, no. 1502. no. [57] .] 



484 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1856. Portde Mata (ile de Mata) d'apres le plan Espagnol de 1809-1818. 1/9,901. 
9xll|. [Paris], depot-general de la marine, 1856. 

[In Kerhallet (C. M.P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854-[1858] . v. 1, no. 1499. no. [58] .] 

1856. Port de Matanzas, ile de Cuba. Croquis fait d'apres un plan Espagnol corrige 
en 1840, par le master Forbes . . . 1/78,500. 9xll|. [Paris] , d6p6t-gen- 
eral de la marine, 1856. 

[In Kerhallet (C. M. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
Paris, d^pot de la marine, 1854- [1858] . v. 1, no. 1597. no. [61] .] 

1856. E6cifs des Colorados, lie de Cuba. Leves en 1836, par le commandant R. Owen. 
9xll|. [Paris], dep6t-gen6ral de la marine, 1856. 

[In Kerhallet (C. M.P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
Paris, depot de la marine, 1854- [1858] . no. 1592] . 

1856. West India islands. 12xl4|. 

[/n. Morse (Charles W.) Morse's general atlas of the world, fol. New York, D. Apple- 
ton & CO. 1856. no. 39] . 

1856. West Indies. 9|xl5. Philadelphia, 0. Desilver, [1856]. 

[i?i Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). A new universal atlas, fol. Philadelphia, C. Desil- 
ver, 1857. no. 41] . 

1857. La Havane. [View]. Ed. Wullmann sc. 4x6. 

[7« Malte-Brun (Malthe Coward Brunn, caKed). Geographic universelle. 4°. Paris, 
Fume & cie. 1857. v. 6, p. 599] . 

1857. lie de Pinos, Cuba. Levee en 1826 par le cap'ne Harris. ll|xl8J. [Paris], 
depot generale de la marine, 1857. 

[In Kerhallet (C. M. P. de) . Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
Paris, d(§p6t de la marine, 1854- [1868]. v. 1, no. 1740. no. [52].] 

1857. Mapa ilustrativo de la obra titulada lo que fuimos y lo que soinos 6 la Habana 
antigua i moderna. Construido por el autor de la misma dn. Jose Ma. de 
la Torre. 1857. Lit. de Marlin, F. M. de Villiers lit. Il|xl9. 

[In Torre (Jos6 Maria de la). Lo que somos6 la Habana antigua y moderna. 8°. 
Habana, imprentade Spencer y ca. 1857. bet. pp. 4-5]. 

1857. Mapa ilustrativo de la obra titulada lo que fuimos y lo que somos 6 la Habana 
antigua i moderna. Construido por el autor de la misma dn. Jos6 M^ d® '* 
Torro. 1857. Traced by J. M. Duefias. Julius Bien & co., photo, lith. 
12xl8f. 

[In United States. War Department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, Government printing oflace, 
1900. V. 2, pt. 3. at end] . 
Note.— Five small insets of Havana in 1604. 

1857. Mouillage de la Caye Confites, ile de Cuba, d'apres un plan Espagnol de 1802. 
1/66,700. Il|x9. [Paris], depot des cartes et plans de la marine, 1857. 
[/« Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854- [1868] . v. 1, no. 1739. no. [60] .] 

1857. Port de Guantanamo, ile de Cuba, d'apres un plan Espagnol de 1809. 1/67,800. 
18x11^. [Paris], d^pot des cartes et plans de la marine, 1857. 

[In Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854-[1858] . v. 1, no. 1738. no. [49] .] 

1857. Port de Santiago de Cuba, lie de Cuba, d'apres le plan Espagnol de 1802. 
1/23,000. 18xll|. [Paris], d^pot des cartes et plans de la marine, 1857. 
[In Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4". 
Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854- [1868] . v. 1, no. 1737. no. [50] .] 

1857. West Indies. By Sidney Hall. English miles 69 to a degree. Freiich leagues 
25 to a degree. Spanish leagues 16 to a degree. 16-^x20. 

[In his A new general atlas . . . constructed entirely from new drawings, fol. Lon- 
don, Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, [1857]. no. 47]. 



HAISIDBOOK OF CUBA. 485 

1858. Cardenas lev^ en 1831 par les Goelettes de guerre, la Ligera et la Clarita. 
1/142,500. 9x12. [Paris], d^pot des cartes et plans de la marine, 1858. 
[In Kerhallet (C. M. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854-[18.58] . v. 1, no.' 1773. no. [62] .] 

1858. H. Kiepert's karte des nordlichen tropischen America. — A new map of tropical 
America north of the equator, comprising the West Indies, Central Amer- 
ica, Mexico, New Granada, and Venezuela ... 6 sheets each 19x20^. 
BerHn, D. Reimer, 1858. 

1858. Harbor of Sagua la Grande, from actual survey. 20^x28^. New York, E. & 
G. W. Blunt, 1858. 

1858. Harbor of Sagua la Grande from actual survey. 6|x9J. New York, E. & G. W. 
Blunt, 1858. 

Note.— Photographic reproduction. 

1858. West Indies. Cuba. Havana surveyed by comodore d. Antonio de Ar^valo 
and lieut.'s d. Eduardo Failde & d. Manual Costilla of the Spanish navy 
1854. Copied from the chart published at Madrid in 1855. Engraved by 
J. & C. Walker. 24x37. London, 1858. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Chart no. 414]. 

1858. West Indies. Cuba, the eastern portion. From a chart published at the hydro- 
graphical office Madrid, 1837. Corrected from surveys and observations 
by Capt"^ R. Owen and E. Barnet and J. Parsons mast. r. n., and from 
the Spanish maps of Pichard & Coello. 1858. Engraved by J. & C. 
Walker. 25^x39. London, 1858. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Chart no. 2580] . 

1858. West Indies. Cuba, the western portion. From a chart published at the hydro- 

graphical office Madrid, 1837. Corrected from surveys and observations 
by capt. R. Owen and E. Barnett, r. n., and from the Spanish maps of 
Pichardo & Coello. 1858. Engraved by J. & C. Walker. 25|x38i. Lon- 
don, 1858. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Chart no. 2679] . 

1859. Piano de Santiago de Cuba. — Piano de Matanzas. — Piano de Puerto-Principe. — 

Piano de Trinidad. Tabla de distancias entre las principales poblaciones 
de la isla de Cuba expresades en leguas provinciales de 5000 varas cubanas. 
11^x15^. Habana, litoga. del gobierno y de la r' s'^^'^ ec<=-\ [1859]. 

[In Garcia de Arboleya (Jos6). Manual de la isla de Cuba. 2 ed. 24°. Habana, im- 
prensa del Tiempo, 1859. bet. pp. 128-129] . 

1860. Chart of Cardenas bay, by Capt. Samuel Smith . . . Scale 1 inch to 1 mile. 

Drawn by J. P. Newell. J. H. Bufford's lith. 20^x24^. Boston, [I860]. 
1860. Colton's Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Rico. 17x22. New York, J. H. Colton, 
1860. 

Note. — Inset: Map showing the central position of Cuba. 

1860. The West Indies. By G. H. Swanston, Edinr. Geographical miles 60 = one 
degree. English miles 69 = one degree. 16x20. 

[In Swanston (George H.) The companion atlas, fol. Edinburgh, New York, A. 
Fullarton & co. [1860] . no. 36] . 

1860. West Indies. Engraved by S. H. 10^xl4J. 

[In Bartholomew (John, Jr.] . Black's general atlas of the world. New ed. fol. Edin- 
burgh, A. & C. Black, 1860. map 47]. 

1860. West Indies. Cuba, the western portion. From a chart published at the hy- 
drographical office Madrid, 1837. Corrected from surveys and observa- 
tions by capt°^ R. Owen and E. Barnett r. n., and from the Spanish 
maps of Pichardo & Coello. 1858. Engraved by J. & C. AValker. 24Jx38J. 
London, 1860. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Chart no. 2579] . 



486 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1861. Colton's Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Rico. 13^x18. New York, J. H. Colton, 
1861. 

[In Spanish (The) West Indies . . . Cuba: from the Spanish of don J. M. de la Torre. — 

Porto Rico: by J. T. O'Neal. 16°. New York, J. H. Colton, 1861. at end] . 
Note. — Insets: Map showing the central portion of Cuba. — Porto Rico. 

1861. Colton's map of the United States, Mexico, the West Indies, &c. 1861. 30x37. 
New York, J. H. Colton & co. 1861. 

1861. Mapa fisico politico e itinerario de la isla de Cuba, accompanado de varios 

pianos particulares y de noticias estadisticas, per d. Jose Maria de la 
Torre . . . 49x67. Nueva York, J. H. Colton, 1861. 

1862. Colton's new map of the West Indies, showing also part of Central America, 

the IT. S. of Colombia, Venezuela, etc. . . . 38x56. New York, J. H. 
Colton, 1862. 
1862. LaHavane. [View]. 6|xl2i. 

[JwMornand (F.) awd Vilbort (J.) Voyage illustrc? dans les deux mondes. fol. Paris, 
Le Chavalier, 1862. p. 365] . 

1862. Part of a chart of the West India islands. From British & Spanish surveys. 

15ix24|. New York, E. & G. W. Blunt, 1862. 

1863. Cuba and Jamaica. Drawn & engraved by T. Ettling. 12x17. 

[Jw Dispatch (The) atlas, fol. London, Weekly Dispatch office, 1863. no. 216]. 

1863. West Indies — Cuba. Port of Santiago de Cuba from a Spanish government 

survey 1863. 9ix6|. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office] . 
Note. — Inset: El Portillo surveyed by commander C. H. Rockwell and the officers of 
the U. S. S. Yantic, 1889. Photographic reproduction. 

1864. A general chart of the West Indies and gulf of Mexico, describing the gulf and 

Windward passages, coasts of Florida, Louisiana and Mexico, bay of 
Honduras and Musquito shore; likewise the coast of the Spanish main to 
the mouths of the Orinoco. Drawn chiefly from the surveys of mr. Anthy. 
De Mayne, r. n., the new Spanish charts, etc. . . . Additions and cor- 
rections from the surveys of captns. R. Owen & E. Barnett, lieut. G. B. 
Lawrance and mr. J. Parsons, mast. r. n. to 1862. 4 sheets each, 24x37^. 
London, [1824]-1864. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart nos. 392a-392d] . 

Note. — Inset: Chart of the Virgin islands. 

1864. Johnson (A. J.). Johnson's West Indies. 14x21. [New York], Johnson & 
Ward, [1864]. 

Note. — Inset: The Bermuda islands. 

1864. Laurie's chart of the West Indies and the gulf of Mexico; constructed by A. G. 
Findlay, f. r. g. s. 2 sheets each 24x30|. London, R. H. Laurie, 1864. 
Note. — Insets: Key- West harbour, Florida. — Sta. Ana harbour. — Curasao. — Bocas de 
Dragos and Port Spain. — Cartagena.— Santa Marta. — Cumana. — Bridgetown. — Bar- 
bados. — Continuation of the coast of Guayana. 

1864. Nuevo mapa topografico de la isla de Puerto Rico. Con pianos extensos de los 

principales puertos y notas estadisticas compiladas de datas oficiales. 40x58. 
Nuevo York, J. H. Colton, 1864. 

Note.— Contains Mapa de las Antillas y contornos de Ponce. — Mapa de. los contornos 
de S. Juan de Puerto Rico. — Mapa de las yslas de Cuba y San Domingo y Jamaica. — 
Piano de S. Juan de Puerto Roco. — Mapa de la isla Culebra y Vieques y canales entre 
ellas y Puerto Rico, etc. 
Copy in Department of State. 

1865. Island of Cuba. 2|x6i 

[/» Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new reference atlas, fol. Philadephia, 

E. H. Butler & co. 1865. no. 23J . 
Note.— Inset to: Map of the West Indies. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 487 

1866. A general chart of the West Indies and gulf of Mexico, describing the gulf and 

Windward passages, coasts of Florida, Louisiana and Mexico, bay of Hon- 
duras and Musquito shore; likewise the coast of the Spanish main to the 
mouths of the Orinoco. Drawn chiefly from the surveys of mr. Anthy. 
De Mayne, r. n., the new Spanish charts, etc . . . Additions and correc- 
tions from the surveys of captns. E. Owen & E. Barnett, lieut. G. B. 
Lawrance and mr. J. Parsons, mast. r. n. to 1862, and various other 
authorities to 1866. 4 sheets each 24x37. London, 1824-1866. 

tCfreat Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart nos. 392a-392d] . 

Note. — Inset: Chart of the Virgin islands. » 

1867. A general chart of the West Indies and gulf of Mexico, describing the gulf and 

Windward passages, coasts of Florida, Louisiana and Mexico, bay of Hon- 
duras and Musquito shore; likewise the coast of the Spanish main to the 
mouths of the Orinoco. Drawn chiefly from the surveys of mr. Anthy. 
De Mayne, r. n. , the new Spanish charts, etc . . . Additions and correc- 
tions from the surveys of captns. R. Owen & E. Barnett, lieut. G. B. 
Lawrance and mr. J. Parsons, mast. r. n. to 1862, and various other 
authorities to 1866. 4 sheets each 24x37. London, 1824-1867. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Charts nos. 392a-392d] . 

Note. — Inset: Chart of the Virgin islands. 

1867. Map of the island of Cuba. 4x9. 

[In Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia. 

S. A. Mitchell, jr., 1867. no. 55]. 
Note. — Inset to: " Map of Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies." 

1868. Map of the island of Cuba, with Porto Eico & Jamaica to accompany "A hand- 

book for Havana and guide for travellers in the West Indies." 11^x15^. 
[In Tyng (C. D.) The stranger in the tropics. 12°. New York, American news co. 
1868. atendl. 

1869-88. Croquis geologico de la isla de Cuba por d. Manuel Fernandez de Castro 
ampliado por d. Pedro Salterain y Legarra, ingenieros de minas, 1869-83. 
Escala de 1/2.000000. 17x26^. 

[In Congrfes international des am^ricanistes. Actas de la cuarta reunion, 1881. 8°. 
Madrid, imprenta de Fortanet, 1883. v. 2, at end] . 

Same. 

[In Spain. Comisi6n del mapa geol6gico. Boletin. 8°. Madrid, M. Tello, 1884. v. 
11, at end]. 

1870. Island of Cuba. From H. H. Lloyd & co.'s Atlas of the United States. 13^x16. 

[In Warner & Higgins. Atlas of Edgar county and the state of Illinois, fol. Phila- 
delphia, Warner & Higgins, 1870. p. 9] . 

1871. Cuba, West Indies. Port of Santiago de Cuba. From a Spanish survey. Cor- 

rected to 1871. 25xl7|. Washington, 1871. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 

Chart no. 318] . 
Note. — Inset: View of the entrance. 

1871. Isla de Cuba. Eubio, Grilo y Vitturi, editores. B. Cuaranta lit'o. 7x10. 

[In Penzuela (Jacobo de la). Cr6nica de las Antillas. 8°. Madrid, Rubio, Gribo & 
Vitturi, 1871: Cr6nica general de Espana. v. 12, pt. 1, bet. pp. 6-7] . 

1871. West Indies and Central America. E. Weller sculp. 7|xlO|. 

[In Butler (Samuel, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry). An atlas of modern geography. 
8°. London, Longmans Green & CO. 1871. no. 28]. 

1872. Cuba. 9|xl2^. 

[Ill Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 

S. A. Mitchell, 1873, no. 63i]. 
Note. — Copyrighted in 1872. 



I 



488 HA]?JDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1872. Mapa de la isla de Cuba en 1872. Arreglado a la ultima division territorial con 

las lineas de telegrafos, cables submarinos, ferro-carriles, y derroteros de 
A^apores niaritimos, por d. Enrique de Arantave. J. M. Penulas, grabo. 
Havana. 12x18. Madrid, centro litogrdfico de la Nacion, 1872. 

1873. Cuba. Western portion. Republished from Brit. admy. chart no. 2579, cor- 

rected to Nov. 1873. 24|x37. Washington, 1873. 

[United States. Navy department. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 516] . 

1873. Geographical and topographical map of the island of Cuba, by the honorary 
auditor of the marine d. Esteban Pichardo. Republished in the office of 
the chief of engineers, U. S. A. Nov. 27"^ 1873. Matanzas, Habana, 8^ 
24x33J. 

[United states. War department. Engineer corps] . 

1873. West Indies. Cuba. Eastern portion. Republished from Brit, adm^ chart 

no. 2580, corrected to Nov. 1873. 24Jx37i Washington, 1873. 
[United States. Navy department. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 517] . 

1874. Case's map of the United States, British provinces, Mexico and part of the 

West Indies. 60x70. Hartford, 0. D. Case & co., 1874. 

1874. The granger's map of the United States, British provinces, West Indies, Mex- 
ico and Central America. [By Gaylord Watson]. 38x50. Chicago, 
Watson's Chicago branch, 1874. 

1874. Map of the island of Cuba, eastern portion. Compiled in the office of the chief 
of engineers, U. S. army. 1874. Photo-lith. by J. Bien. N. Y. 25Jx38i 
[United States. War department. Engineer corps] . 

1874. Map of the island of Cuba, western portion. Compiled in the office of the 
chief of engineers. U. S. Army, 1874. Photolith. by J. Bien, N. Y. 
25Jx38i 

[United States. War department. Engineer corps]. 

1874. Mapa fisico politico itinerario de la isla de Cuba. Acompanado de varios 
pianos particulares y de noticias estadisticas, por d. Jos^ Maria de la 
Torre . . . Edicion dedicada al sor d. Guillermo C. Downs. 50x67. 
New York, G. W. & C. B. Colton & co. 1874. 
Note.— Pictorial border. 

1874. Topographical map of the island of Cuba, compiled from the most reliable 

Spanish authorities by J. Schedler . . . 22x33. New York, E. Steiger, 
1874. 

Note.— Insets. Map of Central America and the West Indies showing the relative 
position of the island of Cuba. — City and harbor of Havana. 

1875. Cuba. 9^x12^ 

[Jw Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia. 

S. A. Mitchell, 1876. no. 102]. 
Note.— Copyrighted in 1875. 

1875. Isla de Cuba. Carta geotopografica . . . Por d. Esteban Pichardo . . . 
- Escalas 200.000. 36 sheets each 21x23. [Habana, 1875]. 

Note.— Sheets 33-34 (i. e. title-page and Puerto Rico) supplied by photographic repro- 
duction from U. S. War department copy. 

1875. Isla de Cuba. Piano de las Villas y Departamento Central. 18x25f . 

[7?i Habana (Jose Gutierrez de la Concha y de Irigiyen, marques de la). Memoria 
sobre la guerra de la isla de Cuba y sobre su estado politico y econ6mico desde abril 
de 1874 hasta marzo de 1875. 8°. Madrid, R. Labajos, 1875. at end]. 

1876. Mar de las Antillas. Hoji I. Carta de la isla de Cuba, segun los trabajos ejecu- 

tados hasta el dia, por los sres. Churruca, Ceballos, Laborde, Barcaiz- 
tegui, Ferrer, Ugarte, La Rigada, Del Rio Cosa, Moreno, Diaz Herrera, 
Aragon, Serrarya Mayoral, y otros. J. Riudanets la construyo. M. Ro- 
driguez la grabo. Corregida en 1876. 23|x39. Madrid, 1866. 
[Spain. Ministerio de marina. Direcci6n de hidrografia] . 



HANDBOOK OP CUBA. 489 

1876. Piano telegrd,fico de la yala de Cuba con la division territorial, lineas telegrafi- 
cas oficiales y particulares cables submarinos, ferro-carriles y derroteros de 
vapores, por d. Enrique de Arantave. 16|x27. New York, 1876. 
Note. — Gives "Cuadro general de las estaciones telegrafiuas en 1876." 

1876. West India islands and Caribbean sea. Sheet I. Comprising Florida strait, 
Bahama islands and the Greater Antilles, compiled from the most recent 
surveys, 1876. 25Jx37i London, 1876. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 761] . 

1876. West India islands and Caribbean sea. Sheet II. Comprising the Lesser 
Antilles and coasts of Venezuela and New Granada, from gulf of Paria to 
omlf of Darien. Compiled from the most recent surveys, 1876. 24|x37|. 
London, 1876. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 762] . 

1876. West Indies and Central America. Drawn by F. A. Gray. Engraved by J. M. 
Atwood. 12x15. 

[In Gray (O. W.) & son. The national atlas, fol. Philadelphia, O. W. Gray & son, 

1876. no. 123] . 

Note. — Inset: The Bermuda islands (British). 

1876. William's [G. W.] copper-plate map of the United States, Canada, Mexico, 

Central America, West Indies, etc. 63x63. Philadelphia, J. M. Atwood, 
[1876]. 

1877. Antilles. 7|xlO|-. 

[In Fayard de la Bruyfere (Jean Artheme) and Baralle (Alphonse). Atlas universel 
fol. Paris, A. Fayard, 1877. bet. pp. 382-383]. 

1877. West India islands and Caribbean sea. Sheet III. Comprising the coast of 
Central America with the off-lying dangers extending to Jamaica, com- 
piled from the most recent surveys, 1876. 24^x32. London, 1877. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 763] . 

1877. West Indies and Central America. Drawn by F. A. Gray. Engraved by J. M. 
Atwood. 12x15. 

[ Jn Gray (O. W.) & son. The national atlas, fol. Philadelphia, O. W. Gray & son, 

1877. no. 123]. 

Note. — Inset: The Bermuda islands (British). 

1877. West Indies, Cuba. Western portion republished from Brit, admty. chart no. 

2579, corrected to 1877. 24^x37^. Washington, 1877. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 516] . 

1878. Cuba. 9Jxl2f. 

[In Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
S. A. Mitchell, 1878. no. 102]. 

1878. Cuba. Eastern portion. Republished from Brit. admy. chart no. 2580, cor- 

rected to Jan. , 1878. 22^x37. Washington, 1878. 

[United States. Navy department. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 517] . 

1879. Cuba. 9Jxl2J. 

[/m Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
S. A. Mitchell, 1879. no. 102] . 

1879. Isla de Cuba. Costa meridional. Piano del puerto de Casilda, Masio, y demas 
fondeaderos adyacentes A la ciudad de Trinidad, segun los datos mas re- 
cientes. J. Riudavet lo construyo y delineo. 12^x18^. Madrid, 1879. 
[Jw Spain. Ministerio de m.arina. Direcci6n de hidrografia. Chart no. 759] . . 
Note. — Inset: Muelles de Casilda. 

1879. Isla de Cuba. Piano de la ciudad y puerto de la Habana segun los trabajos 
espafioles m^s recientes. J. Noguera lo construyo. F. Fungairifio lo 
grabo. S. Bregante g? la letra. 25x39. Madrid, 1879. 

[Spain. Ministerio de marina. Direccion de hidrografia. no. 218 A] . 



490 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1880. Cuba. 9^x12 J. 

[In ilitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
Bradley & eo. 1880. no. 102] . 

1880. Mapa geologico y topogrdfico en bosquejo de las jurisdicciones de la Habana 

y Guanabacoa (Isla de Cuba) por el ingeniero jefe del cuerpo de minas 
d. Pedro Salterain y Legarra 1880. Escala de 1/2000.000. 9x12. 

[Spain. Comisidn del mapa geologico. Boletin. 8°. Madrid, M. Tello, 1880. v. 7, 

map D at end] . 
Note. — To accompany article on p. 1, pt. 3, "Apuntes para una descripcion flsico- 
geologica de las jurisdicci6nes de La Habana y Guanabacoa (Isla de Cuba). By 
Pedro Salterain. 

1881. Gran carta geogrdfica-enciclop6dica de la isla de Cuba. Compilado por d. 

German Gonzales. Grabada por G. Pfeifer. Lit. de G. Pfeifer, Madrid. 
33x62. 

1882. Central- Amerika und Westindien entworfen und gezeichnet von dr. Joseph 

Chavanne. Maasstab 1:6.500.000. 19^x34. 

[I7i Deutsche rundschau fiir geographie und statistik . . . von prof. dr. Carl Arendts. 

8°. Wien, A. Hartleben, 1882. v. 4, p. 596] . 
Note. — To accompany article on p. 542, "Der isthmus von Tehuantepec. Von H. 

Seidelin Berlin." 
Insets: Isthmus von Tehuantepec. — Isthmue von Panama. — Das Plateau v. Mexico. 

Maassstab 1:1.300.000.— Isthmus von Darien. Maassstab 1:1.000.000. 

1882. Cuba. 9^x12^. 

[J» Mitchell (Samuel AugTistus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
Bradley & company, 1882. no. 302] . 

1882. Cuba. South coast. Approaches to ports Casilda and Masio, with the adja- 
cent anchorages. From a Spanish government chart of 1879. 13^x19. 
London, 1882. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 98] . 

Note. — Inset: Port Casilda. 

1882. Ports and anchorages at the eastern end of Cuba. From Spanish government 
surveys in 1860-74. — Yumuri bay. — Port Niquero. — Port Escondido or 
Hidden harbour. — Port Cueva. — Port Aguacate. — Limones river. — Nagua- 
rage. — Port Navas. — Port Sigua. — Port Boma. — Port Mata. — Port Baracoa 
and Miel bay. — Port bay. — Guanito bay. — Port Maravi. — Port Baitiqueri. — 
Port Cayaguaneque. — Port Taco. Engr. by Edw**. Weller. 161x24^. 
London, 1882. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chal't no. 435] . 

1882. West Indies. Cuba. Havana harbour. From the latest surveys by the 

Spanish government in 1879. Corrected to 1887. 25x38. London, 1882. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty chart no. 414] . 

1883. Estrechos Bahama por donde paso la escuadra inglesa en 1762. 4x7^. 

[7?i Bachillery Morales (Antonio). Cuba. 8°. Habana, M. de Villa, 1883. bet. pp. 
30-31] . 

1883. Plan del pasado sitio de la Habana, Castillo del Morro y sus cercanias. 4^x7. 
[7« Bachiller y Morales (Antonio). Cuba. 8°. Habana, M. de Villa, 1883. bet. pp. 

76-77] . 

1883. Piano topogrdfico 6 ilustrado de Santiago de Cuba. Por su autor el sargento 
1° grad." 2". del bon Cazadores de Chiclana num." 5. Manuel N. Gi- 
menez Manin. Mayo 30, 1883. 20|x26i New York, Mayer, Merkel & 
Ottmann, lith., 1883. 

Note. — Copyrighted by Diego de Moya. 

Inset views of buildings. 

1883. West Indies. Ports & anchorages on the northeast coast of Cuba. From 
Spanish government surveys in 1867-8. Port Cayo Moa. — Jaragua anchor- 
age. — Yamaniguey & Canete anchorages. 16|xl3|-. Washington, 1883. 
[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 518"] . 



HANDBOOK OlT CUBA. 491 

1883. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Port Guantanamo, or Cumberland harbor. 
From a Spanish government survey corrected to 1881, 13x7|. Washing- 
ton, 1883. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 377^] . 

1883. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Bahia Honda. From a Spanish plan cor- 
rected to 1883. — West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Mariel. From 
a Spanish plan, corrected to 1883. 10Jxl4. Washington, 1883. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 520^] . 

1883. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Tanamo. From a Spanish plan, cor- 

rected to 1883. Port Cebollas. From a Spanish plan, corrected to 1883. 
Washington, 1883. 

[Washington. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 518'?] . 

1884. Cuba. 9^x12^. 

[In Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
W. M. Bradley & bro. 1884. no. 102] . 

1884. Pianos de comunicaci6nes de las provincias de la isla de Cuba con otros datos 
relativos al ramo de correos par el sub-inspector dn. Sebastian Acosta 
Quintana. title, 5 maps, 5 tables. 18°. Habana, J. Menendez & brothers, 
1884. 
1884, West Indies. Anchorages on the north coast of Cuba. Cardenas & S'^ Clara 
bays and anchorages formed by Piedras, Mona & Monito cays. From a 
Spanish government chart published in 1876, corrected to 1883. 17x24. 
Washington, 1884. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 

Charts no. 520^] . 
Note. — Inset: Port Cabanas. From a Spanish plan of 1829. 

1884. West Indies. Cuba. Cabonico and Livisa. From a Spanish survey. 10^x13. 
Washington, 1884. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 161J . 

1884. West Indies. Cuba. Cabonico and Livisa. 7Jx8|. Washington, 1884. 
[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Chart no. 161] . 
Note. — Photographic reproduction. 

1884. West Indies. Cuba. Jururu. From a Spanish survey. 14xll|. Washington, 
1884. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 158] . 

1884. West Indies. Cuba. Nipe. From a Spanish survey. lOJxlSJ. Washington, 
1884. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 160] . 
1884. West Indies. Cuba. VitaorBita. From a Spanish survey. ISxll^^. Wash- 
ington, 1884. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 169] . 

1884. West Indies. Ports and anchorages at the eastern end of Cuba. From Span- 
ish government surveys in 1860-74. — Yumuri bay. — Port Niquero. — Port 
Escondido or Hidden harbor. — Port Cueva. — Port Aguacate. — Limones 
river. Naguarage. — Port Navas. — Port Sigua. — Port Boma. — Port Mata. — 
Port Baracoa and Miel bay. — Port Bay. — Guanito bay. — Port Maravi. — 
Port Baitiqueri. — Port Cayaguaneque. — Port Taco. 16x23|. Washing- 
ton, 1884. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 377»] . 



492 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1884. West Indies. Ports on the north coast of Cuba. From Spanish surveys cor- 
rected to 1883. — Nuevitas del principe. — Nuevitas del pxincipe. Plan of 
the channel on an enlarged scale. — Nuevas grandes. — Manati. — 16^x16. 
Washington, 1884. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 6205] . 

1884. West Indies. Ports on the north coast of Cuba. From Spanish government 

surveys corrected to 1883. — Port Sama. — Port Yaguaneque. — Port Cana- 
nova. — Port Naranjo. 19x14. Washington, 1884. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 519?] . 

1885. West Indies. N. & S. S. Jocelyn, sc. 7|x9i 

[Jn Morse (Sidney E.) A new universal atlas of the world. 4°. New Haven, N. & S. S. 
Jocelyn, 1826] . 

1886. Antilles. Echelle du 15.000.000e. Grave et imprime par Erhard, 1886. 

9^x6-1-. 

[/n Grande (La) encyclop^die. 8°. Paris, H. Lamirault & cie. [1885-98] . v.3, p. 204]. 

1886. Map of Cuba. 2|x5. 

[In Rand, McNally & co.'s pocket atlas of the world. 24°. Chicago, New York, 
Rand, McNally & co. 1886. p. 180] . 

1886. West Indies. Cuba — South coast. Port Xagua or Cienfuegos. From a 
Spanish survey, 1836. Corrected to 1886. 24Jxl7i Washington, 1884. 
[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 521] . 

1886. West Indies. Island of Cuba. Cape San Antonio to longitude 76 west with 

adjacent part of Great Bahama bank. Compiled from the latest British 
and Spanish charts. 1885. Drawn by C. P. Bolles, engraved by 11. C. 
Evans, and H. T. Knight. Ed. of August, 1886. 24Jx43i Washington, 
1886. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 947] . 

1887. America Central y las Antillas. Escala 1:9.250.000. 9^x7 J. 

[In Diccionario eneiclop6dico Hispano-Americano. 8°. Barcelona, Montaner & 
Simon, 1887. v. 2, p. 314] . 

1887. Cuba — North coast. Port IMatanzas. From Spanish surveys. Corrected to 
1883. Large corrections . . . Nov'. 87. J. Walker sculpt. 7x9J. 
[London], 1882-87. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 416]. 

1887. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Port of Santiago de Cuba. From a Span- 
ish survey in 1863, corrected for the latest information 1887. Drawn by 
M. Franke, engraved by M. Franke and E. A. Ruebsam. 21|xl6. Wash- 
ington, 1887. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 

Chart no. 1003] . 
Note. — Inset: View of the entrance. 

1889. IMap of Havana, Cuba. 8^x121^. 

[7w Campbell (Beau). Around the corner to Cuba. 12°. New York, C. G. Crawford, 
1889. at end] . 

1889. Trayectoria del ciclon de Septiembre de 1888 a traves de la isla de Cuba. 

9^xl2|. IMexico, lit. del Timbre, [1889]. 
1889. West India islands. Islands and banks between San Salvador and San 

Domingo. Principally from the surveys of commander Richard Owen 

and the officers of H. M. S. Blossom, 1829-1832. Engr. by Edw? Wellpr. 

25x46^. London, 1889. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 1266] . 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 493 

1889. West Indies. Cuba. Havana harbour. From the latest surveys published 

by the Spanish government in 1899. Corrected to 1887. Large correc- 
tions, March 1885, July 1889. Engraved by E. Weller. Natural scale 
1/7855. 24|x38. London, 1882. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 414] . 

1890. Mapa de Cuba y Puerto-Rico. 24^x33. 

[In Castillo (Rafael del). Gran diccionario geogrAflco, estadlstico 6 hist6rico de 
Espana y sus provincias. 8°. Barcelona, Heinrich & ca. 1890. v. 2, at end] . 

1890. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. El Portillo. From a survey in 1889 by 

the officers of- the U. S. S. Yantic. Commander C. H. Rockwell, U. S. N., 
comd'g. Drawn by A. Klakring. Engraved by M. Franke and C. A. 
Kolb. 18Jx22J. Washington, 1890. 

[United States. Navy department. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 1196] . 

1890-1900. Map of the city of Havana. Casos de fiebre amarilla. Ano 1890-1900. 
M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary officer. Julius 
Bien & co. photo, lith. each lljxl5. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1901. V. 1, pt. 2, nos. 40-50] . 

1891. Mexique, Amerique centrale et Antilles; dresse sous la direction de J. Migeon, 

. par Ch. Lacoste, grav6 par L. Smith, ecrit par A. Bizet. Echelles 
1:12.950.000. 12ixl6|. Paris, Migeon, [1891]. 

[In Desbuissons (L.) and others. Nouvel atlas illustr^. Geographic unlverselle. 

Texte par m. A. Martineau. fol. Paris, [J. Migeon] , 1891. no. 57]. 
Note. — Ornamented by an engraved view of the city of Mexico. 

1891. West Indies. Cuba. Harbor of Havana. From the most recent Spanish 
surveys to 1887. Extensive corrections Oct., 1891. 24|x38J. Washington, 
1882. 

[Uifited States. Navy department. Bureau of equipmient. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 307] . 

1891. West Indies — Cuba. Port of Santiago de Cuba. From a Spanish government 
survey 1863. Engraved by Edwd. Weller. Large corrections May 1872, 
Novr. 1891. 24^x18. London, 1878-91. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 443] . 

Note. — Inset: View of the entrance. — El portillo. 

1891. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Bahia Honda. From a Spanish plan 

corrected to 1883. — West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Mariel. 
From a Spanish plan, corrected to 1883. Extensive corrections Apr., 
1891. 10ixl4i. Washington, 1883. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart 520i>] . 

1892. Cuba. 12|xl9J. 

[In Rand, McNally & co.'s enlarged business atlas and shippers' guide. 22ded. fol. 
Chicago, Rand, McNally & CO. 1892. p. 20] . 

1892. Piano de la Habana por d. Esteban T. Pichardo; reproduccion autorizada por 
el autor. Escala 1/10,000. 10|:xl6. 

[In Diccionario enciclopddico Hispano-Americano. 8°. Barcelona, Montaner & Simon, 
1892. v. 10, bet. pp. 8-9]. 

1892. West Indies. Cuba. Port Sagua la Grande. From Spanish surveys in 1858 
and 1861. Drawn by A. Klakring. Engr. by M. Francke, R. A. Daniel 
and A. W. Helmsen. 29Jx31. Washington, 1892. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1311] . 

1892. West Indies. Cuba. South coast. Jucaro anchorage. From Spanish surveys 
to 1891. 15x10. Washington, 1892. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1337] . 



494 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1892. The West Indies with the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean sea. Compiled from 
the latest information. Drawn by A. C. Roberts. Engr. by W. M. Dougal 
and A. C. Ruebsam. 31^-x50|. Washington, 1892. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1290] . 

1894. Map of the city of Havana . . . 11^x15. 

[In Prince (John C.) Cuba illustrated. 6th ed. New York, N. Thompson & co. [1894]. 
front.] 

1894. Mapa de la isla de Cuba, por el doctor Manuel Pruna Santa Cruz. 9^x24. 
Habana, Castro, Fernandez y ca. 1894. 

1894. West Indies. Ports on the north coast of Cuba. From Spanish surveys cor- 

rected to 1883. Port Gibara. — Port Banes. — Port Padre. — Port Bariay. 
Extensive corrections Feb. 1894. 142x15^. Washington, 1884. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 619''] . 

1895. Cuba in 1895. 14x18^. London, J. D. Potter. 

[In Cuban committee in London. The resolution in Cuba. Issued by the Cuban 

committee in London. 8°. [London, 1895?] front.] 
Note. — Inset: The West Indies and their relation to tlje coasts of North and South 

America. 

1895. Lageplan von Havana. Massstab 1:81000. 2^x3^ 

[In Meyers konversations-lexicoii. 5 te aufl. 8°. Leipzig und Wien, bibliographi- 
sches institut, 1895. v. 8, p. 475] . 

1895. Croquis geologico de una estrecha zona de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. 

V. Pellitero. Escala 1/400.000 horizontales, 1/60.000 verticales. 8Jxl4. 
[Spain. Comisi6n del mapa geol6gico. Boletin. 8°. Madrid, M. Tello, 1895. v. 20, 

at end] . 
Note. — To accompany article on p. 1, pt. 2, "Apuntes geol6gicos referentes al itine- 
rario de Sagua de Tanamo & Santa Catalina de GuantS.namo en la isla de Cuba por d. 
Valentin Pellitero." *" 

1896. An accurate map of the West Indies with the adjacent coast of America. 1796. 

D. Martin, sculpt. 14x1 7f. 

[In Reid (John, publisher). The American atlas, fol. New York, J. Reid, 1796. 
no. 20] . 

1896. Carte de I'ile de Cuba. 1896. Echelle : 1/2.000.000. 8^x23. 

[In Annales de g6ographie. 1898. 8°. Paris, A. Colin & cie. [1898] . v. 7, p. 288] . 
Note. — To accompany article on p. 281. 

1896. Carte generate de I'ile de Cuba. Dressee d'apres les documents officiels les 
plus recents, indiquant la marche de I'arm^e r^volutionnaire et les lignes 
fortifi^es espagnoles "la trocha del Mariel," et "la trocha del Jucaro." 
Par V. Mestre Amdbile. Hector de Saavedra, dibujo. Eschelle de 
1:2.000.000. 14x24|. Paris, 1896. 

[In Mestre AmAbile (V.) La question cubaine et le conflit hispano-am6ricain. 8°. 
Paris, 6, chauss^e d'Antin, 1896. at end]. 

1896. Cronica de la guerra de Cuba de la rebelion de Filipinas. Provincia- de Pinar 
del Rio, Isla de Cuba. Il|xl54. 

[In Guerrero (Rafael). Cr6nica de la guerra de Cuba y de la rebelion de Filipinas, 
1895-96. 8°. Barcelona, M. Maucci, 1895-97. v. 4, bet. pp. 464-465] . 

1896. Croquis de la provincia de la Habana formado por el e.m. de la capitania gene- 
ral de la Isla de Cuba y estampado en colores por el Deposito de la guerra 
1896; Escala aproximada de 1:100.000. 2 sheets each 37x26. [Madrid, 
imprenta y litografia del Deposito de la guerra?] 1896. 
[Spain. Ministerio de la gnerra] . 

1896. Croquis de la provincia de Matanzas, formado por el e. m. de la capitania gene- 
ral de la isla de Cuba y ampliado y estampado en colores por el Deposito 
de la guerra 1896. Escala aproximada de 1:200.000 22x29. [Madrid, 
imprenta y litografia del Deposito de la guerra?] 1896. 
[Spain. Ministerio de la guerra] . 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 495 

1896. Croquis de la provincia de Pinar del Kio, formado por el e. m, de la capitania 
general de la isla de Cuba ampliado y estampado en colores por el Deposito 
de la guerra 1896. Escala aproximada de 1: 225.000. 2 sheets each 37x26. 
[Madrid, Imprenta y litografia del Dep6sito de la guerra?] 1896. 
[Spain. Ministerio de la guerra] . 

1896. Croquis de la provincia de Puerto Principe, formado por el e. m. de la capitania 
general de la isla de Cuba ampliado y estampado en colores por el Depoeito 
de la guerra 1896. Escala aproximada de 1: 275.000. 2 sheets each 37x26. 
[Madrid, imprenta y litografia del Deposito de la guerra?] 1896. 
[Spain. Ministerio de la guerra] . 

1896. Croquis de la provincia de Santa Clara, formado por el e. m. de la capitania 
general de la isla de Cuba y ampliado y estampado en colores por el Depo- 
sit© de la guerra 1896. Escala aproximada de 1:250.000. 2 sheets each 
29i-x26J. [Madrid, imprenta y litografia del Deposito de la guerra?] 1896. 
[Spain. Ministerio de la guerra] . 

1896. Cuba. South coast. Approaches to ports Casilda and Masio, with the adja- 
cent anchorages. From a Spanish government chart of 1879. Extensive 
corrections Nov. 1896. 18x20. Washington, 1882. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrograjvbie office. 

Chart no. 916] . 
Note.— Inset: Port Casilda. 

1896. Cuba en 1896. Publicado por la imprenta "America." 14^x19^. New York, 
G. W. & C. B. Colton & co. 1896. 

[In Pierra (Fidel G.) Cuba. Physical features of Cuba, her past, present, and possi- 
ble future. 8°. New York, S. Figueroa, 1896. front.] 

1896. [Map of Cuba]. 7^x12^. 

[In Cabrera (Raimundo) . Cuba and the Cubans; tr. from the eighth Spanish edition 
of "Cuba y sus jueces", by L. Guitcras. 12°. Philadelphia, the Levy type co. 1896. 
at end] . 

1896. Map of Cuba showing oflBcial political divisions. E. F. Fisk. 6x12^. 

[In Rowan (Andrew Summers) and Ramsey (Marathon Montrcse). The island of 
Cuba. 16°. New York, H. Holt & co. 1896. front.] 

1896. Map of Cuba showing popular divisions. E. F. Fisk.- 6xl2J. 

[In Rowan (Andrew Summers) and Ramsey (Marathon Montrose). The islfflad- oi 
Cuba. 16°. New York, H. Holt & co. 1896. bet. pp. 4-5] . 

1896. New map of Cuba. 36x53^. New York, J. S. Bryan, 1896. 

Note.— Pictorial border. 
1896. West Indies. Cuba, north coast. Port Matanzas. From a Spanish govern- 
ment survey 1892. Engr. by Edw'^. Weller. 19x25f . London, 1896. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 424] . 

1896. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Port Santa Cruz del Sur. From a Span- 
ish survey in 1894. Drawn by J. D. Cleary. Engr. by A. G. Erni and 
J. C. Forrest. 23^x15. Washington, 1896. 

[United States. Navy Department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1523] . 

1896. West Indies. The island of Cuba. Compiled from the following sources of 

information: Chart of the island of Cuba, published in 1874 by the office 
of the chief of engineers, U. S. army. Map of the island of Cuba, in 36 
sheets, printed by the Spanish government. British admiralty charts 
nos. 1217, 2009, 2579 and 2580. 2 sheets each 25Jx37f. Washington, 
1896. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1550] . 

1897. Antillen. Massstab 1:10.000.000. 8ixl0f. 

[In Brockhaus' konversations-lexikon. 14te aufl, 8°. Leipzig, F. A. Brockhaus, 1896. 
V. 1, bet. pp. 692-693]. 



496 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1897. Croquis de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, formado per el e. m. de la capita- 

nia general de la isla de Cuba ampliado e estampado en colores por el Depo- 

sito de la guerra 1897. Escala aproximada de 1:250.000. 2 sheets each 

39ix24|^. [Madrid, imprenta y litografia del Deposito de la guerra?] 1897. 

[Spain. Ministerio de la guerra] . 

1897. Cuba. North coast. Cay Frances anchorage. For the port of San Juan de 
Remedias. From a Spanish survey in 1829. — Cuba, north coast. Cay 
Confites anchorage. From a Spanish survey in 1832. — Isle of Pines. 
Puerto Frances. By the officers of h. m. s. Steady, 1863. Extensive cor- 
rections, June, 1897, Dec, 1897. 15xl8J. London, 1884-97. 

[United States. Navy department. BurSau of navigation. Hj-drographic ofi&ce. 
Chart no. 270] . 

1897. Karte von Cuba. Massstab 1:1,500.000. 2 sheets each 11^x16. 

[Tn Deutsche rundsehau flir geographie und statistik . . . von prof. dr. Friedrich 

Umlauft. 8°. V^ien, A. Hartleben, 1897. v. 19, pp. 48, 96] . 
Note. — To accompany article on p. 32, "Die insel Cuba," signed Victor Levy. 

1897. Map and history of Cuba from the latest and best authorities ... By E. 

Hannaford. 32 pp., 1 fold. map. 24°. Springfield, 0., Mast, Crowell & 

Kirkpatrick, 1897. 
1897. Mapa de la isla de Cuba. 18x35. Philadelphia, J. L. Smith, 1897. 
Note. — Inset: Province of Havana. — City of Habana. 

1897. Mapa del teatro de la guerra de Cuba comprendiendo la mitad occidental de la 
isla desde Santa Clara hasta el cabo de San Antonio. Dibujado por d. 
Jose Riudavets y Cudury segun los datos mds completes publicados hasta 
el dia y editado por la empresa de la iluBtracion Espanola y Americana. 
J. Dominguez grabo. 1:800,000. 19x31. Madrid, tipolitografia, "suce- 
sores de Eivadeneyra," [1897]. 
1897. Mapa del teatro de la guerra de Cuba comprendiendo la mitad oriental de la 
isla desde Santa Clara hasta la punta Maysi. Dibujado por d. Jose Riu- 
davets y Cudury segun los datas mas completes publicados hasta el dia y 
editado par la empresa de la ilustracion Espanola y Americana. J. Do- 
minguez, grabo. 1:800,000. 19x31. Madrid, tipolitografia, "sucesores 
deRivadeneyra", [1897]. 
1897. Military map of the island of Cuba . . . From the latest official sources. 1897. 
Scale: 1:500,000. 4 sheets each 30Jx23J. Washington, 1897. 

[United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 

division] . 
Note. — Printed on cotton. 
Sheets no. 1, 2, 4 drawn by C. H. Ourand; no. 3 by W. Morey, jr. 

1897. Westindien und Zentral-Amerika. Massstab 1 : 12000000. 8x10 J. 

[In Meyers konversations-lexikon. 5te aufl. 8°. Leipzig und Wien, Bibliographi- 
sches institut, 1897. v-17, bet. pp. 690-691] . 

1898? War map of Cuba, the world, the West Indies . . . Map of Cuba. Scales 69. 
16=1 degree. Kilometres 111307=1 degree. 12Jxl9|-.— . . . Map of the 
West Indies. Scales. Statute miles, 69.16=1 degree. Kilometres, 111.307=1 
degree. 12^x19. Chicago, Rand, McNally & co. [1898?] 
Note. — Pocket map. 

1898. Atlas of ports, cities, and localities of the island of Cuba. Containing repro- 

ductions of maps, charts, and plans obtained from the United States Con- 
gressional library. Coast and geodetic survey, Hydrographic office. Engineer 
dept. U. S. army; also Picardo's map of the island of Cuba, and other 
sources. 701. incl. 140 maps. obi. fol. Washington, 1898, 
[United States. War department. Adjutant general's office] .. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. - 497 

1898. . . . Map of Cuba. 12Jxl5i. New York, Colton, Ohman & co. 1898. 
Note. — Supplement Utica Daily Press. 

1898. Cuba . . . 14|:x30|. Philadelphia, the McConnell school supply co. 1898. 

Note. — Inset: Map of the United States. 
1898. Cuba. Part of chart "E", special edition. Date of publication July 1898. 
Scale 1:200,000. 16|x41. Washington, 1898. 

[United states. Treasury department. Coast and geodetic survey. Chart no. 482] . 

Note. — Aids to navigation corrected for information received to Sep. 9, 1898. 

Same. 

Note. — Aids to navigation corrected for information received to Aug. 14, 1899. 

1898. Cuba. Scales. Statute miles 69.16=1 degree. Kilometres, 111,307=1 degree. 
12^x19. Chicago, Rand, McNally & co. 1898. 

[In Rand, McNally & co.'s indexed atlas of the world. 2 v. fol. Chicago, Rand, 

McNally & co. [1898] . v. 2, p. 187] . 
Note. — Inset: Port of Santiago. — Port of Cienfuegos. 

1898. Cuba, Jamaica and the Bahama islands. S^xlOi. Buffalo, the Matthews- 
Northrup co. 1898. 

Note.— Copyright, 1898, by Dodd, Mead & company. 

1898. [Havana harbor, showing the position of the "Maine"]. The Norris Peters 
CO., photo-litho. 14x8J. Washington, [1898]. 

[In U. S. Congress. Senate. 55th Congress. 2d session. Report of the committee on 
foreign relations . . . relative to affairs in Cuba. 8°. Washington, government 
printing office, 1898. at end] . 

1898. Havana province — Cuba. Drawn by W. Morey, jr. 23|x39. [Washington], 
1898. 

[United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
division] . 

1898. Lee's Spanish- American war chart. 8°. Chicago, Laird & Lee, [1898]. 
1898. [Map of Cuba]. George Philip & son. 8xl8|. New York, C. Scribner's 
sons, [1898]. 

[In Davey (Richard Patrick Boyle). Cuba past and present. 8°. New York, C. 
Scribner's sons, 1898. at end] . 
1898. Map of Cuba showing territorial divisions established by Cuban republic of 
1895-98. Accompanying "Commercial Cuba", by William J. Clark, 
New York, 1898. 8^x13. 

[iw Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
bet. pp. 176-177] . 
1898. Map of Havana and Havana harbor, showing the fortifications and public 
buildings. Corrected to May 3, 1898. 9|xl4i New York, G. H. Buek 
& CO. 1898. 

Note.— Supplement to the Boston Sunday Herald, Sunday, May 22, 1898. 

1898. Map of the seat of war, issued by the Evening Star. Showing the only prac- 
tical method by which the movements of the warships of both nations 
can be accurately followed from day to day. 13}xl9|. New York, G. H. 

Buek, 1898. 

Note.— Supplement to the Evening Star, Washington, D. C, April 28, 1898. 

1898. Map of the seat of war . . . Showing the only practical method by which the 
movements of the war ships of both nations can be accurately followed 
from day to day. 13^x20. New York, G. H. Buek & co. [1898]. 
Note.— Same as above with exception of slight changes. 

1898. Mapa de la isla de Cuba. 18ix34i. Philadelphia, J. L. Smith, 1898. 
Note.— Insets: Province of Havana.— City of Habana. 

159a— 05 32 



498 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1898. The Matthews-Northrup up-to-date map of Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Eico, with 
general map of the West Indies. Scale of English statute miles 36 miles to 
one inch. 15xl9J. Buffalo, the Mattliews-Northrup co. 1898. 
Note. — Also carries title "The New York Mail and Express war maps." 



Same. 
Same. 



Note. — Verso carries title " Philadelphia Press war maps." 



Verso carries title "The Richmond Dispatch war maps." 

Each of the above maps contains the following insets: West Indies. — Porto Rico. — 
Havana. — Matanzas. — Cienfuegos. — Santiago de Cuba. 

1898. The Matthews-Northrup up-to-date map of Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Rico, 
with general map of the West Indies. Scale of English statute miles. 36 
miles to one inch. 15^x20. Buffalo, the Matthews-Northrup co. 1898. 
[Indexed vest pocket series] . 
Note. — Inset maps of — Porto Rico. — West Indies.— Havana. — Matanzas. — Cienfuegos. — 

Santiago de Cuba. 
Verso contains index. 

1898. Military map of Habana and vicinity. Drawn by C. H. Ourand. 26^x35. 

[In United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military informa- 
tion division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing 
office, 1898. at end] . 

1898. jVniitary map of the island of Cuba . . . From the latest official sources. 
Scale 1:250,000. 8 sheets each 39x23|. [Washington], 1898. 

[United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
division] . 

1898. . . . The mines in Havana harbor. 9f xlOI. 

[In New York Journal . . . Friday, February 25, 1898] . 

1898. Mines in the vicinity of Santiago de Cuba. 6x15^. 

[In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
bet. pp. 418-419] . 

1898. Naval engagement off Santiago de Cuba July 3"'*, 1898. Sketches showing 
and notes explaining various stages of the engagement as viewed from the 
U. S. flagship Brooklyn also sketches showing approximate location of 
hits visible on the Spanish vessels. Drawn by George H. Warfield, U. S. 
navy. 23ix32J. [New York, F. A. Ringler co.?] 1898. 

1898. No. 3 in the Boston journal's series of diagram maps of the navies, showing 
the present position of the war vessels of the United States and Spanish 
navies, April 6, 1898. 11x17. [Boston], Boston journal, 1898. 

1898. Our new colonies, Cuba, Porto Rico and Philippines. 20x34|. Philadelphia, 
J. L. Smith, 1898. 

Note. — Insets: Philippine islands. — Porto Rico. — City of Habana. — Province of 
Havana. — West Indian and Caribbean sea. 

1898. "Panoramic view of Havana, showing the entrance to the harbor, and inner 
harbor; taken from Cabanas fortress showing Morro castle on the extreme 
right hand." 10x68. [New York, R. A. C. Smith, 1898]. 
1898. Piano de Cardenas. 8x10^. 

[In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
bet. pp. 340-341]. 

1898. Piano de Cardenas. 8fxlli 

[/?t United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 

division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
1898]. bet. pp. 64-65]. 

1898. Piano de Cienfuegos. 8xl0i. 

[In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. gcribijer's ppnp, 1898. 
bet. pp. 364-365^. ' ' 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA 499 

1898. Piano de Manzanillo. Sfxlli 

[ Zw United states. War department. Adjutantgeneral's office. Military information, 
division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
1898] . bet. pp. 80-81] . 

1898. Piano de IMatanzas. 8xl0|. 

\In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1838. 
bet. pp. 328-329] . 

1898. Piano de Matanzas. 8|xll|^. 

[J?i United states. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
1898] . bet. pp. 84-85] . 

1898. Piano de Puerto Principe. 8x10}. 

[In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
bet. pp. 390-391] . 

1898. Piano de Santa Clara. 8x10}. 

[Jn Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
bet. pp. 362-363] . 

1898. Piano de Santa Clara. 8^x11}. 

[Jn United states. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 

division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
1898] . bet. pp. 92-95] . 

1898. Plario de Santiago de Cuba. 8x10^ 

[In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
bet. pp. 428-429] . 

1898. Piano de Santiago de Cuba. 8|xll}. 

[/w United states. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 

division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
1898. bet. pp. 96-97] . 

1898. Piano de Trinidad. 8|xlli. 

[7w United states. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information* 

division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
1898. bet. pp. 96-97] . 

1898. Scientific American navy supplement. IVIap of Cuba. 12^x15}. New York, 
Colton, Ohman & co. 1898. 

Note. — "Navy edition of the Scientific American supplement, no. 1165." 

1898. Shewey's map showing seat of Spanish- American war. 14^x20. Chicago, 
A. C. Shewey, [1898]. 

Note. — Inset: Canary islands.— Cape Verde is. 

1898. Sketch map of Matanzas and vicinity. 17}x242. 

[Jw United states. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
1898]. bet. pp. 84-85] . 

1898. A strategic war map of the North American continent, showing the chain of 
fortifications that Great Britain and other European powers have linked 
around our coast, together with all dock yards, coaling stations and sub- 
marine cables that could be utilized against us in the event of hostilities. 
Compiled from the latest official data by W. Nephew King. 13x9}. 
[In Collier's weekly, 1898. v. 20, no. 17, p. 4] . 

1898. United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. 

Atlas of ports, cities and localities of the island of Cuba. Containing repro- 
ductions of maps, charts and plans obtained from the United States 
Congressional library, Coast and geodetic survey, Hydrographic office, 
Engineer dept. U. S. army; also Pichard's map of the island of Cuba, and 
other sources. 69 [1] 1. incl. 61 maps. obi. fol. Washington,. 1898, 



500 HATSTDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1898. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Entrance to Guantanamo or Cumberland 

harbor. Compiled from the latest information. 16|xl7i. Washington, 
1898. 

[United States. Navy department. Btireau of equipment. Hj'drographic office. 
Chart no. 377«] . 

1899. Goff's historical map of the Spanish-American war in the West Indies, 1898. 

Scale — 1 inch =100 miles. 13x18. Chicago, Fort Dearborn pub. co. 1899. 
Note.— Copyrighted, 1899, by Eugenia Wheeler Gofl and Henry Slade GofE, authors of 

Goff's historical maps for schools and families. 
Insets: Santiago campaign, June-July 1898. — Havana, city and harbor. — San Juan, 

island of Puerto Rico. 

1899. Cuba. 6x8. [Chicago, T. White, 1899]. 

1899. Cuba. 3ix6|. [Chicago], A. Belford co. 1899. 

1899. Cuba. 6^x14}. 

[In Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York and London, G. P. 
Putnam's sons, 1899. bet. pp. 416-417] . 

1899. Cuba, with general map of the West Indies. Scale of English statute miles. 
36 miles to one inch. 15xl9|. Buffalo, the Matthews-Northrup co. 1899. 
Note. — Inset: West Indies. — Havana. — Matanzas. — Cienfuegos. — Santiago de Cuba. 

1899. [Cuban war map]. 9|xl3J. [Goshen, Ind., T. A. Starr, 1899]. 
Note. — The production of the Matthews-Northrup co. 

1899. Map of Cuba, its provinces, railroads, cities, towns, harbors, bays, etc., also 
southern Florida and neighboring islands of the West Indies. 12^x19. 
Chicago, Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick, [1899]. 
Note. — Insets: Map of Havana. — Porto Rico. 

1899. Map. of Cuba showing telegraph lines. 16x36. Washington, [1899]. 

[United States. War department. Signal corps] . 

1899. Map of the Cuban railway system. Bormay & co. engr's. 5x14. 

[In Pepper (Charles Melville). To-morrow in Cuba. 12°. New York and London, 
Harper <k brothers, 1899. p. 3] . 

1899. Map of Cuba, with general map of the West Indies. 5^x7?. Buffalo, the 

M[atthewsJ-N[orthrup] co. 1899. 
1899. Piano de la isla Cuba con expresion de las carreteras construidas y en con- 
struccion. Millas de sesenta al grado. El ingeniero jefe de la region, 
Jose Pamelles Ogramonte. 8^x24^. Habana, 1899. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. John R. Brooke, 1899. Civil report of military gov- 
ernor, island of Cuba. [1899]. 8°. Havana, 1899. v. 2, bet. pp. 60-61]. 

1899. Sketch maps of the province of Pinar del Eio. 5Jx8|. 

[In Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York & London, G. P. 
Putnam's sons, 1899. bet. pp. 8-9]. 

1899. Sketch map of the province of Puerta Principe. 8|x9J. 

[In Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York & London, G. P. 
Putnam's sons, 1899. bet. pp. 38-39] . 

1899. Sketch map of the province of Santa Clara. SjxSf. 

[In Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York & London, G. P. 
Putnam's sons, 1899. bet. pp. 28-29]. 

1899. Sketch map of the province of Santiago de Cuba. 8|xll|. 

[In Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York & London, G. P. 
Putnam's sons, 1899. bet. pp. 44-46]. 

1899. Sketch map of the provinces of Havana and Matanzas. 7f xlOJ. 

[/7t Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York & London, G. P. Put- 
nam's sons, 1899. bet.pp.16-17] . 

1899. Map .of the Vuelta Abajo district, province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Exhibit- 
ing the situation of the extensive and valuable tobacco estates, Las Lajas, 
Herradura, La Lena Vifiales, Pefia Blanca, Cayo San Felipe, etc. In Con- 
solacion del Sur. 1899. 24fx21. Washington, lith, J. L. Kervand, [1899]. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 501 

1899. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Daiquiri bay. From a survey by the 

Spanish- American iron co. Drawn by W. E. Greene. Engraved by D. P. 
Swope. 17^xl9i Washington, 1899. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1816] . 

1899-1900. Map of the city of Havana. Oasos de fiebre amarillo por manzanas. 
Ano 1899-1900. M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary 
officer. Julius Bien & co. photo. Hth. each 11^x15. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government prin.ing office, 
1901. V. 1, pt. 2, nos. 51, 52] . 

1900. Cuba, Jamaica and the Bahama islands. 8jxl0i-. [New York], Dodd, Mead 

& company, 1902. 
Note. — Inset: Havana. 

1900. Estudio para el dragado de la entrada al Puerto de Cardenas. Perfil longitudi- 
nal. 12^x67|. 

[Ill Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9] . 

1900. Map of the city of Havana. Muertes de nijaos menores de un alio, por man- 
zanas. Afio 1900. M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sani- 
tary oflScer. Julius Bien & co., photo, lith. ll^xlS. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, goverment printing office, 1901. 
V. 11, pt. 2, no. 53] . 

1900. Map of the city of Havana. Muertes de tuberculosis por manzanas. Ano 
1900. M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary officer. 
Julius Bien & co., photo, lith. Iljxl5. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1901. V. 1, pt. 2, no. 54]. 

1900. Map showing locations of temporary field works erected by the Spanish for the 
land defence of Havana, 1897-1898. Pichardo and Bateson. F. B. Ryons 
and I. L. Cornell del. Scale 1 inch=1600 feet. 28gx27. Havana, ofiice 
of chief engineer, 1900. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1901. V. 2, pt. 3, bet. 164-165]. 

1900. Mapa de la isla de Cuba con la division por provincias, partidos judiciales y 
zonas fiscales . . . Dibujado por Antonio E. Menendez. Traced in Dept. 
of streets, Havana. Lit. por Pedro V. Montiel. Julius Bien & co., photo»- 
lith. 8xl5i 1900. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1901. V. 2, pt. 3, at end] . 

1900. Mapa mudo de la isla de Cuba. Es propiedad garantizada con arreglo a la 
ley internacional de propiedad intelectual y se perseguirdn las ediciones 
fraudulentas. Copyright secured in Great Britain and in all the countries 
subscribing to the Berne convention. 24Jx31. Nueva York, D. Apple- 
ton y compania, 1900. 
1900. Mittel-Amerika. Bearbeitet von dr. P. Elf ert. Mittlerer massstab 1:10. 000. 000. 
14|xl9^. Leipsig, Wagner & Debes, [1900]. 

[In Debes (Ernest). Neuer hand atlas iiber alle telle der erde. 2. verm, und verb. 

aufl. 2. abdruck. fol. Leipsig, H. Wagner & E. Debes, 1900. no. 57]. 
Note. — Insets; Das thai von Mexico. — Guayana. — Das mittlere Ecuador. 



502 HANDBOOK OF CtJBA. 

1900. Perfils transversales de los canales de entrada al Puerto de Cdrdenas. Ingeniero 
encargado Miguel 0. Palmer. 251x1331. Matanzas, 1900. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mil- 
itary governor of Cuba .. . 1900]. 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9]. 

1900. Piano de la Habana. Map showing proposed paving for the city of Havana as 
included in specifications recently drawn up. To accompany six months 
report Dec. 31^* 1900, W. J. Barden. Lit. A. Prendes Mor^. 16ix21}. 
Havana, Department of Cuba. Engineer department, 1900. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mil- 
itary governor of Cuba .. . 1900]. 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 12]. 

Same. Showing track laying completed and paved. 

Same. Showing work done on streets during six months ending Dec. 31^', 1900. 

Same. Showing status of survey for street grades. 

1900. Piano de la Provincia de Matanzas. Mostrando el camino de Matanzas d, la 
Cidra. Ingeniero encargado Miguel Palmer. Examinado y conforme 
Juan G. Peoli, ingeniero jefe. Escala aproximada 1:300,000. 12^^x111. 
Matanzas, 1900. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9] . 

1900. Piano de la provincia de Matanzas mostrando el camino de Matanzas a la 
Cidra. Engeniero encargado Miguel 0. Palmer. Examinado y conforme 
Juan G. Peoli ingeniero jefe. Escala aproximada 1:450.000. 6|x6i. 
Matanzas, 1900. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 130-131] . 

1900. Piano de los canales de entrada al puerto de Ciirdenas. Adaptado de Pichardo. 
El ingeniero Miguel Palmer. 72x9. Matanzas, 1900. 

[hi United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 130-131]. 

1900. Piano de los canales de entrada al Puerto de Cdrdenas, adaptado de Pichardo. 
El ingeniero Miguel Palmer. 12^x142. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9] . 

1900. Piano de nuevo desarrollo en la loma de Belis Melis del camino de Matanzas d 
la Cidra. Miguel Palmer, ingeniero encargado. Examinado y conforme 
Juan G. Peoli, ingeniero jefe. Escala 1:2000. Il|xl7i. Matanzas, 1900. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1902. V. 2, pt. 1, betw. pp. 130-131]. 

1900. Piano del camino de Matanzas d Cidra. Miguel Palmer, ingeniero encargado. 
Examinado y conforme Juan G. Peoli ingeniero jefe. Escala por metres 

joVo- 25xll4i. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9] . 

1900. Piano del camino de Matanzas d Cidra. Miguel C. Palmer, ingeniero encar- 
gado. Examinado y conforme Juan G. Peoli, ingeniero jefe. Escala por 
metros 1:7500. 15|x74. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washingrton, government printing office, 
1902. v. 2, pt. 1, bet.pp.130-131] . 

1900. Piano del camino de Santa Ana d la Cidra. Por el ingenio La Pargo. Miguel 
Palmer ingeniero encargado. Examinado y conforme Juan G. Peoli 
ingei.iero jefe. Escala ^^^Vs- 125x54^. Matanzas, 1900. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1900. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900]. 8°. [Havana? 1900]. v. 9]. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 503 

1900. Piano del camino de Santa Ana & la Cidra. Por el ingenio La Pargo. Miguel 
Palmer, ingeniero encargado. Examinado y conforme, Juan G. Pjeoli 
ingeniero jefe. Escala 1 : 7500. SJxlGj. Matanzas, 1900. 

[7» United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 130-131] . 

1900. Piano del estudio para el dragado de la entrada al puerto de Cardenas. El 
ingeniero Miguel C. Palmer. Escala de pies goVo- 36x78J. Cardenas, 
1900. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9] . 

1900. Piano del estudio para el dragado de la entrada al puerto de Cardenas. El 
ingeniero, Miguel C. Palmer. Escala 1 : 4500. 21x49. Cardenas, 1900. 
[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 132-133] . 

1900. Piano del ramal a Santa Ana en el camino de Matanzas a la Cidra. Escala de 
1/7500. Ingeniero encargado, Miguel Palmer. Examinado y conforme el 
ingeniero jefe, Juan G. Peoli. 8Jx22|. Matanzas, 1900. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 130-131] . 

1900. Piano del ramal d Santa Ana en el camino de Matanzas a la Cidra. Ingeniero 
encargado Miguel Palmer. Examinado y conforme el ingeniero jefe Juan 
G. Peoli. Escala de 1/5000. 13|x34J. Matanzas, 1900. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba ... 1900]. 8°. [Havana? 1900]. v. 9]. 

1900. Piano general de las carreteras que merecen atencion preferente. Acompana 

el informe anual del secretario de obras publicas. Junio de 1900. 9jx33j. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 

governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 

1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 8-9]. 

1900. Piano general de las carreteras que merecen atencion preferente. Acompana 
el informe anual del secretario de obras publicas. Junio de 1900. 25x69|. 
[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba ... 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900]. v. 9]. 

1900. Pianos general de los ferrocarriles de la isla de Cuba. Acompana al informe 
' anual del secretario de obras publicas. Junio 1900. 13^x44. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 1902. 
V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 26-27] . 

1900. Piano general de los ferrocarriles de la isla de Cuba. Acompaila al informe 
anual del secretario de obras publicas. Junio de 1900. 25x69|. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba ... 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900]. v. 9]. 

1900. Post route map of Cuba, showing post offices in operation on the 1st of June, 
1900. Published by order of postmaster-general Charles Emory Smith 
under the direction of A. von Haake, topographer P. O. dep'. 29|x62. 
[Washington], 1900. 

[United States. Post Office department. Topographer's office] . 

1900. Project for Gulf and Harbor avenues and sea wall, Havana. From Torreon of 
San Lazaro on the west to Fuerza on the east. Keclaimed areas shown by 
shading. Prepared by Engineer department. Department of Cuba. 4x6. 
[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military gov- 
ernor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 1901. 
bet. pp. 106-107]. 



504 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1900. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Banes bay. From a survey in 1899 and 
1900, by lieutenant commander G. L. Dyer, U. S. N., commanding the 
U. S. S. Yankton. 23|x35|. Washington, 1900. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1862] . 

1900. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Nipe bay. Eastern part. From a sur- 
vey in 1900, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton. Lith. by Gr. Noetzel. 
29x38. Washington, 1900. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1884] . 

1900. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Nuevitas bay. From a survey in 1900, 
by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle. Lith. by R. F. Barnes. 27Jx38J. 
Washington, 1900. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 

Chart no. 1883] . 
Inset: "Plan of the channel." 19ixl5:J. 

1900. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Gibara. From a survey in 1899, by 
the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle. Lith. by R. F. Barnes. 30x22|. Wash- 
ington, 1900. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1882] . 

1900. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Chirivico harbor. From a survey, 
between June 4 and June 9, 1900, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle. 
Lithographed by R. F. Barnes. 28Jx22J. Washington, 1900. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1881] . 

1900. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Guantdnamo bay. From a survey in 
1899, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, lieutenant commander J. J. 
Fletcher, U. S. N., commanding. 38|x30. Washington, 1900. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1857] . 

1900. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Santiago harbor. From a survey in 1899, 

by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton, lieutenant commander G. L. Dyer, 
U. S. N. commanding. Drawn by R. P. Howell and H. L. Palmer. 
Engraved by C. E. Birch and J. A. Waddey. 41Jx28|. Washington, 
1900. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1856]. 

1901. Department of Santiago and Puerto Principe. Office department public roads. 

Map and profile of Santiago-San Luis road, section iii. 6x7. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1901. V. 2, pt. 4. bet. pp. 106-107]. 

1901. Habana y su bahia por el comandante de artilleria d. F. J. de Moya. R. 
Garcia, g? 1:40.000. 7|x5^ 

[In Moya y Jimenez (Francisco Javier de). Consideraci6nes militares sobre la cam- 
paiia de Cuba. 8°. Madrid, imprenta del Cuerpo de artilleria, 1901. at end] . 

1901. Map illustrating the Santiago campaign in the Spanish-American war, showing 
position of troops during the last days of the seige, July, 1898. 5^x8. 
Buffalo, the J. N. Matthews co. 1901. 

Same. Buffalo, the Matthews-Northrup co. 1901. 

1901. Map of the city of Havana. Casos de fiebre amarilla — afio 1890-1900. M. C. 
Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary officer, each 17x22J. 
Habana, lit. de Guerra herms. y ca. 

[/w Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba ... 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1901]. v. 4, nos. 40-50]. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 505 

1901. Map of the cicy of Havana. Cases de fiebre amarilla por manzanas — ano 1899- 
1900. M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary officer, 
each 17x22J. Habana, lit. de Guerra herms. y ca. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba .... 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1901] . v. 4, nos. 51-52] . 

1901. JVIap of the city of Havana. IMuertes de niiios menores de un ano, por man- 
zanas — ano 1900. M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary 
officer. 17x22j. Habana, lit. de Guerra herms. y ca. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba, . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1901] . v. 4, no. 53] . 

1901. Map of the city of Havana. Muertes de tuberculosis por manzanas — ano 1900. 
M. 0. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A. chief sanitary officer. 17x22^. 
Habana, lit. de Guerra herms. y ca. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1901] . v. 4, no. 54] . 

1901. Piano de la Habana. Por d. Esteban T. Pichardo, agrimensor y maestro de 
obras. Editor: d. Jose Valdepares. Map showing status of Havana elec- 
tric r'w'y work. To accompany six month report June 30-1901, W. J. 
Barden. Escala 1 :0. 000 . 28|x37J. Havana, office of Chief engineer, 1901. 
[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba ... 1901] . 8°. [Havana? 1901]. v. 14, no. 22]. 

Same. Map showing street work. no. 25. 

Same. Map showing status of city survey, no. 29. 

Same. Map showing the street cleaning. Sweeping and picking, no. 45. 

Same. Map showing the street sprinkling and electrozone distribution, no. 58. 

Same. Map showing the parks, no. 100. 

1901. Piano de la Habana por d. Esteban T. Pichardo, agrimensor y maestro de 
obras. Ed. d. Jose Valdepares. Map showing streets repairs, renewal 
and new paving. Julius Bien photo, litli. Escala 1:10.000. 28Jx375^. 
Havana, office of chief engineer. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1901. V. 2, pt. 3, no. 1, bet. p. 10-11] . 

Same. Map showing status of traverse work of survey for establishment of 

streets grades, bet. pp. 22-23. 

Same. Map showing occupied streets paved and unpaved. bet. pp. 22-23. 

Same. Map showing Urbano and Torre Pla concession, bet. pp. 26-27. 

Same. Map showing approved plan. bet. pp. 26-27. 

Same. Map showing street sprinkling, bet. pp. 26-27. 

Same. Map showing street cleaning, bet. pp. 26-27. 

Same. Map showing streets cleaning. Districts as divided previous to March 

1. 1900. bet. pp. 26-27. 
Same. Map showing garbage collection, bet. pp. 34-35. 

Same. Map showing water pipe distribution of Havana, bet. pp. 42-43. 

Same. Dady sewer project, bet. pp. 48-49. 

Same. Map showing pavements Dady project, bet. pp. 52-53. 

Same. Sewerage system for Havana, showing force mains and main and inter- 

cepting sewers only. bet. pp. 62-63. 

Same. Drainage system for Havana, bet. pp. 62-63. 

1901. Piano del puerto de la Habana. — Map showing word done on the harbor Jan. 
1, 1899 to June 30, 1899. A. H. Weber, assistant engineer. Julius Bien & 
CO. photo, lith. 16ix25J. 

[In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
governer of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
1901. V. 2, pt. 3, bet. pp. 92-93]. 



506 Handbook of cuba. 

1901. Plans on the south coast of Cuba. Approaches to ports Casilda and Masio, 
with the adjacent anchorages. From a Spanish government chart of 
1879. — Chirivico harbour. From the latest United States government 
plan. — The port of Guantanamo or Cumberland harbour, on the south 
coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. Large corrections Jan. 
1901. 25Jxl9. London, 1899-1901. ' 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrograptiic office. Chart no. 98] . 

1901. Project for gulf and harbor avenues and sea walls, Havana, from Torreon of 
San Lazaro on the west to Fuerza on the east . . . Prepared by Engi- 
neer department. Department of Cuba. 5^x9^. 

[I7i Cuba. Military governor, Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1901] . 8°. [Havana? 1901] . v. 14, no. 33] . 

1901. The Rand-iMcNally map of the city of Havana showing suburbs, parks, forts 

and principal buildings. 19|x24i. Chicago, "Rand, McNally & co. 1901. 
1901. The Rand-McNally map of the city of Havana showing suburbs, parks, forts, 
and principal buildings. 20ix23|. Chicago, Rand, McNally & co. 1901. 
[In Norton (Albert James). Norton's complete hand book of Havana and Cuba. 
12°. Chicago & New York, Rand, McNally & co. [1900] . at end] . 

1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Approaches to Puerto Padre. From sur- 
veys in 1900 and 1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Vixen, ... 0. K. 
Curtis, U. S. N., commanding. Lith. by R. F. Barnes. 28^x46. Wash- 
ington, 1901. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 

Chart no. 1971] . 
Inset: "Plan of entrance channel." 

1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Li visa and Cabonico bays. From a survey, 
in 1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton ... G. L. Dyer, U. S. N., 
commanding. Lith. by R. F. Barnes. 28|x402. Washington, 1901. 
[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1991] . 

1901. West Indies. Cuba. North coast. Port Banes. From the latest United 
States government plan. 19x25|. London, 1901. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 635] . 

1901. West Indies. Cuba — North coast. Nipe bay, Eastern part. From the latest 
United States government plan. Engr. by Davies & co. 26x32^. Lon- 
don, 1901. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 1380] . 
Inset: "Nipe bay. Western part." 

1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Nipe bay. From a survey in 1900 and 
1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton. Prepared by R. F. Barnes. 
Engr. by C. E. Birch and A. C. Ruebsam. 26Jx39i^. Washington, 1901. 
[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1884]. 

1901. West Indies. Cuba — North coast. Nuevitas bay. From the latest United 
States government plan. Engr. by Edw? Well^r. 25|x38f. London, 
1901. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 3197] . 
Inset: Nuevitas bay entrance channel." 

1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Gibara. From the United States 
government plan, 1899. 25^x19. London, 1901. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 2827] . 

1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Tanamo. From a survey in 1901, 
by the officers of the U. S. S. Vixen, . . . C. K. Curtis, U. S. N., command- 
ing. Lith. by Gr. Noetzel. 27|x32}. Washington, 1901. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 1989]. 



HAifDBOOK OF CtJBA. 507 

1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Entrance to Port Tanamo. From a sur- 
vey in 1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Vixen . . . C. K. Curtis, U. S.N. , 
commanding. Lith. by Gr. Noetzel. 292x25|. Washington, 1901. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrograpliic office. 
Chart no. 1990]. 

1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Puerto Padre. From surveys in 1900 and 
1901, by the officers of the TJ. S. S. Vixen, . . . C. K. Curtis, U. S. N. 
commanding. Lith. by R. F. Barnes. 30x42J. Washington, 1901. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 

Chart no. 1970] . 
Inset: "Plan of entrance channel." 

1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Puerto Padre. From surveys in 1900 and 
1901 by the officers of the U. S. S. Vixen. 23ix23f . Washington, 1901. 
, [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 

Chart no. 1928] . 

1901. West Indies. Cuba — South coast. Guant^namo bay (Cumberland harbour). 
From the latest United States government plan. 38|x25|. London, 1901. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 904] . 

1901. West Indies. Cuba — South coast. Santiago harbour. From the latest United 
States government plan. Engraved by Edw'J Weller. 38|x25|. London, 
1901. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 443] . 
Note. — Inset: View of the entrance. 

1901. Westindische gewasser. Kilometer: massstab 1:150.000. 5|x6|. Gotha, 
Justus Perthes, [1901]. 

[In Perthes (Justus) . Justus Perthes' see-atlas. 5. aufl. 16°. Gotha, J. Perthes, 1901. 
no. 22] . 

1901. Map of Havana harbor. 6x8i 

[In Los Angeles (The) Saturday post. The Los Angeles Saturday post unrivalled atlas 

of the world, fol. Chicago, Rand, McNally & co., 1901. pp. 84-85]. 
Note.— Inset to "Cuba." 

1901. Map of Havana harbor. 6ix8|. 

[In Rand, McNally & co.'s enlarged business atlas and shippers' guide. 31st ed. fol. 

Chicago, Rand, McNally & co. 1901. p. 409] . 
Note. — Inset to the map of Cuba. 

1901. Map of Havana harbor. 6-J-x8J. 

[hi Rand, McNally & co.'s universal atlas of the world. 1900 census. 4°. Chicago, 

New York, Rand, McNally & co. 1901. p. 85] . 
Note. — Inset to the map of Cuba. 

1902. Chart showing approximate progress of field work and mapping relative to 

final topographical map of Havana and vicinity. Enclosure no. 2, with 
report of Dept. of survey of fortifications for six months ending Dec. 31, 
1901. 26^x41. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba ... 1901] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 13J. 

1902. City of Havana and harbor. 5x8. 

[In Cram (George F.) Cram's atlas of the world, fol. New York, Chicago, G. F. 

Cram, 1902. p. 355]. 
Note. — Inset to map of Cuba. 

1902. Cuba. Scales. Statute miles, 38=1 inch. Kilometres, 61=1 inch. 12^x19. 

[Chicago], Rand, McNally & co. [1902]. 
1902. Map of Havana harbor showing the location of works executed between the 
dates Jan. 1, 1899 and May 20, 1902. Major H. F. Hodges, . . . chief 
engineer, Dept. of Cuba. A. H. Weber, assistant engineer. 7jx6J. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba ... 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902]. v. 6]. 



508 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1902. Map of Matanzas harbor in the vicinity of the government pier and mouth of 
San Juan river, showing channels dredged through the bar caused by 
deposits from the Yumuri and San Juan rivers. Major H. F. Hodges . . . 
chief engineer. A. H. Weber, asst. engineer. Scale 100:1. 6^x8. 

lln Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 6] . 

1902. Map of the city of Havana. Deaths of tuberculosis, year 1901. 17^x225. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1901] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 4] . 

Same. Yellow fever by street and numbers of houses year 1901. 

Same. Yellow fever by blocks year 1901. 

Same. Deaths by different infectious diseases year 1901. 

1902. Map of the city of Santiago de Cuba. Sewers. Lith. Guggenheimer, Weil & 
CO. 8Jx9J. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 6] . 

Same. Water pipe — Storm drain. 

Same. Pavements. 

1902. Map of the Cuban telegraph lines operated by the Signal corps, U. S. A. May 
20, 1902. Prepared under the direction of captain Otto A. Nesmith, . . . 
Chief signal officer. Department of Cub?. ' 18x37 J. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 6] . 
Note. — Inset: Map showing old Spanish lines standing at date of military occupation. 

1902. Plan showing present and proposed parking between Central Park and La 
Punta. Lith. Guggenheimer, Weils & co. 9x4f. Havana, office of chief 
engineer. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1900. [Civil report of . . . military 
governor of Cuba .. . 1902]. 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 5]. 

1902. Piano de la Habana. Por d. Esteban T. Pichardo, agrimesor y maestro de 
obras. Editor: d. Jos6 Valdepares. Havana sewerage system. Proposed 
changes in marginal lines. Feb. 1902. Approved W. J. Barden. Escala 
Torko- 28i:x37i Havana, 1902. 

[7w Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civii report of ... military 
governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 5, no. 173] . 

1902. Piano de la Habana. Por d. Esteban T. Pichardo, agrimesor y maestro de 
obras. Editor: d. Jos6 Valdepares. Map showing all street work other 
than patching Jan. 1st, 1899, to April 30th, 1902. To accompany four 
months report ending April 30th, 1902. W. J. Barden. Escala xo^^ocr- 
28^x37-4. Havana, office of Chief engineer, 1902. 

[7m Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of ... military 
governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 5, no. 16] . 

Same. Map showing street cleaning, no. 99. 

Same. Map showing street sprinkling for 1902. no. 147. 

1902. Piano de la Habana. Por d. Est6ban T. Pichardo, agrimesor y maestro de 
obras. Editor: d. Jose Valdepares. Map showing classification of streets, 
Havana, Cuba, April 30th, 1902. W. J. Barden. Escala x^r^Tycj. 28^x37^. 
Havana, office of Chief engineers, 1902. 

[/?» Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of ... military 
governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8° [Havana? 1902] . v. 5, no. 15] . 

1902. Piano de la Habana. Por d. Esteban T. Pichardo, agrimesor y maestro de 
obras. Editor: d. Jose Valdepares. Map showing traffic census. To 
accompany six months report December 31*', 1901. W. J. Barden. Escala 
is-.^TSTs- 27^x36^. Havana, office of Chief engineer, 1901. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report qf ... military 
governor of Cuba . . . 1901] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 15, no. 25] . 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 509 

1902. Piano de la Habana. Map showing street paving work done during six 
months ending Dec. 31^ 1901. no. 32. 

Same. Map showing status city traverses and block maps. no. 36. 

Same. Map showing status of new system of street grades, no. 40. 

Same. Map showing the street cleaning, sweeping and picking, no. 41a. 

1902. Piano de la Habana. Red marks indicate areas drained by Anopheles brigade. 

17ix22J. 

[In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
tary governor of Cuba . . . 1901]. 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 4]. 

1902. Vest pocket map of Habana, Cuba. Published by the Diamond news com- 
pany . . . 12|xl5|. Boston, G. H. Walker & co. 1902. 
Note. — Gives street index and directory. 

1902. West Indies. Cuba — north coast. Livisa and Cabonico bays from a United 
States government survey, 1901. 25|x39. London, 1902. 
[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 3290] . 

J.902. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Entrance to Bahia Honda. From a 
reconnoissance, in 1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Vixen, lieutenant 
commander C. G. Calkins, U. S. N., commanding. 23^x17 J. Washing- 
ton, 1902. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 2036] . 

1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Anchorage in Corrientes bay. From a 
survey, in 1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton, lieutenant com- 
mander A. M. Knight, U. S. N., commanding. 26Jx205. Washington, 
1902. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 2057] . 

1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Cienfuegos bay. From a survey, in 1902, 
by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, lieutenant commander S. W. B. Diehl, 
U. S. N., commanding. 33x28. Washington, 1902. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office.- 
Chart no. 2098] . 

1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Cienfuegos harbor. From a survey in 
1902, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, lieutenant commander S. W. B. 
Diehl, IJ. S. N., commanding. 32fx27|. Washington, 1902. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 2099] . * 

1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Ensenada de Mora. From a reconnais- 
sance, in 1902, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton, lieutenant com- 
mander A. M. Knight, U. S. N., commanding. 22^x30^. Washington, 
1902. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 2093] . 

1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Entrance to Cienfuegos bay. From a 
survey, in 1902, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, lieutenant commander 
S. W. B. Diehl, U. S. N., commanding. 45x28^. Washington, 1902. 
[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 2097] . 

1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Jucaro anchorage, from a reconnaissance 
in 1902, by the U. S. S. Yankton . . . Austin M. Knight, U. S. N., com- 
manding. Gr. Noetzel, chief lith. 20x15. Washington, 1902. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 

Chart no. 2083] . 
Note.— Inset: " Enlarged plan of Jucaro." 



510 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1903. Cuba. 13x19. Chicago, G. F. Cram, [1903]. 

[In Cram (George F.). Cram's atlas of the world, ancient and modern, fol. Chi- 
cago, G. F. Cram, 1903. no. 354-356] . 
Note. — Inset: City of Havana and harbour. 

1903. Cuba. Scales. Statute miles, 38=1 inch. Kilometres, 61=1 inch. 12|fxl8i. 
[In Rand, McNally & co's enlarged business atlas. 83d ed. fol. Chicago, Rand, 

McNally & co. 1903. p. 423] . 
Note. — Insets: Map of Havana harbor. — Port of Santiago de Cuba. — Port of Cienfue- 
gos. — Port Matanzas. — Cardenas and Santa Clara bays. 

1903. Hammond's map of Cuba. 33 miles=l inch. 12Jx23i. New York, C. S. 

Hammond & co. [1903]. 
1903. Isla de Cuba. E. T. Farquhar, del. L. L. Poates, sc. 6^x8. 

[In Monteith (John). Noci6nes de geografia universal. [Edici6n para Cuba]. 4°. 

New York, American book co. [1900] .] 
[Serie moderna] . 
Note. — Inset: " La Habana y sus alrededores." 

Same in 1903 edition. 

1903. Cuba. 4|x7. Philadelphia, the McKinley publishing co. 1903. 

[McKinley's series of geographical and historical outline maps. no. 10]. 

1903. Mapa de la repiiblica de Cuba dividida en provincias. C.de la Torre. 8^x13^. 
Habana, Moderna poesia, 1903. 

[In Aguayo (Alfredo M.) aiid Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
geografia de Cuba para uso de las escuelas. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1906. 
pp. 88-89] . 

1903. West Indies. 5^x6^ Chicago, G. F. Cram, [1903]. 

[In Cram (George F.). Cram's handy reference atlas of the world. 12°. New York, 
Chicago, G. P. Cram, [1903] . p. 77] . 

1903. West Indies. Cuba — Southeast coast. The southern approaches to Manza- 
nillo including the south coast from Cape Cruz to Ensenada de Mora. 
Compiled from the latest information. Drawn by H. P. Simpson and 
A. A. Aguirre. 30ix34J. Washington, 1903. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic ofllce. 
Chart no. 2143] . 

1903. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Ensenada de Mora Pelon harbor. From 

a survey, in 1902-3, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, lieutenant com- 
mander M. L. Wood, U. S. N., commanding. 31x28. Washington, 1903. 
[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 

Chart no. 2138] . ^ 

Note. — "This chart corrected to Nov. 16, 1903, the date of issue from the hydrographic 
office." 

1904. Cuba. Scales. Statute miles, 38=1 inch. Kilometres, 61=1 inch. 12^x18^. 

[I7i Rand, McNally & co.'s enlarged business atlas. Mth ed. fol. Chicago, Rand, 

McNally & co. 1904. p. 361] . 
Note.— Insets: Map of Havana harbor. — Port of Santiago de Cuba.— Port of Cienfue- 

gos, — Port of Matanzas. — Cardenas and Santa Clara bays. 

1904. Cuba, with general map of the West Indies. Prepared especially for Chas. H. 

Fuller's advertiser's directory to leading publications. 3jx5|. Buffalo, 

the J. N. Matthews co. 1904. 
1904. Map of Havana issued by the united railways of Havana. 7|x7^. Buffalo, the 

J. N. Matthews co. 1904. 
1904. Munson steamship line's new and complete map of Cuba ... 33 miles=l 

inch. 12ix23^. New York, C. S. Hammond & co. [1904]. 
}904. Plans on the south coast of Cuba. Approaches to ports Casilda and Masio 

with the adjacent anchorages. From a Spanish government chart of 1879. 

Natural scale 1/56,756. The port of Guantanamo or Cumberland harbour 

on the south coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. Natural scale 

1/66,640. 25|xl9. London, 1899. 
[Greftt Britain, Admiralty. Cnart no. 98] . 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 511 

1904. West Indies. . Chicago, G. F. Cram, [1904]. 5x6J. 

[JjiCram (George F.). Thesuccess handy reference atlas and gazetteer of the world. 
24°. New York, the Success CO. 1904. no. 66]. 

1904. West Indies. Cuba. From the latest information. Drawn by H. P. Simp- 
son. Engraved by E. A. Daniel, C. W. Lehew, R. E. Gray, and A. C. 
Ruebsam. 27^x56. Washington, 1904. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 2145] . 

1904. West Indies. Cuba. South coast. Ensenada de IMora (Pelon harbour) 
From the latest United States government surveys. Engraved by Weller 
& Addison. 19x25|. London, 1904. 

[Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 3450] . 

1904. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Port Escondido. From a survey in 190.3, 
by ... J. IM. Ellicot, U. S. N., of the U. S. S. Prairie . . . Drawn by 
A. A. Aguirre, Gr. Noetzel. 22|x25. Washington, 1904. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 2182] . 

1904. West Indies. Cuba — South coast. Santa Cruz del Sur. From a survey in 

1902 and 1903, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton, ... A. M. Knight, 
U. S. N., commanding. Engr. by J. A. Waddey, W. P. Sefton and C. W. 
Lehew. .38x30^. Washington, 1904. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
Chart no. 2178] . 

1905. Sketch showing a portion of the trenches occupied by Bates brigade also the 

Spanish opposing works. Drawn from the trenches by lieutenant Horace 
Maynard Reeve, 3d inf., engineer, independent brigade, fifth corps. Ap- 
proved and forwarded to the adjutant.general to accompany my report of 
the operations of the independent brigade, 5th army corps. J. C. Bates, 
maj. gen. vols. 7x28|. 

1905. Cuba, las tierras y mares vecinos. 6Jx8J. Habana, Moderna poesia, [1905]. 
[In Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
geografla de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 92J . 

1905. Map of Cuba to accompany the Standard guide to Cuba. 7fxl95^. New York, 
Foster & Reynolds. Havana, Diamond news co. 

[In Standard guide to Cuba. 12°. New York, Foster & Reynolds; Havana, Diamond 
news CO. 1905. front.] 

1905. Map of Havana, Cuba and vicinity. SfxllJ. Buffalo, the J. N. Matthews 
CO. 1904. 

1905. Mapa de la provincia de la Habana. - Dividida en paitidos judiciales y termi- 
nos municipales. C. de la Torre. 6^x8^. Habana, Moderna poesfa, 
[1905]. 

[Jw Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Euerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
geografia de Cuba para uso de las escuelas. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. 
p. 136] . 

1905. Mapa de la provincia de Matanzas. Dividida en partidos judiciales y terminos 
municipales. C. de la Torre. 6^x82. Habana, Moderna poesfa, [1904]. 
[In Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
geografia de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 150] . 

1905. Mapa de la provincia de Pinar del Rio (Vuelta Abajo). Dividida en partidos 
judiciales y terminos municipales. C. de la Torre. 6^x85. Habana, 
Moderna poesia, [1905]. 

[In Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
geografia de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 126] . 



512 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

1905. Mapa de la provincia de Puerto-Principe (Camagiiey). Dividida en partidos 
judiciales j terminos munioipales. C. de la Torre.' 6-^x8^. Habana, 
Moderna poesia, [1905]. 

[Jw Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
geografia de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 174] . 

1905. Mapa de la provincia de Santa Clara (Las Villas). Dividida en partidos judi- 
ciales y terminos municipales. SJxSg. Habana, Moderna poesia, [1905]. 
[7?i Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
geografia de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 160] . 

1905. Mapa de la provincia de Santiago-de-Cuba. ( Oriente. ) Dividida en partidos 
judiciales y terminos municipales. C. de la Torre. 6ix8|-. Habana, 
Moderna poesia, [1905] . 

[In Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
geografia de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 184] . 

1905. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Bahia Honda. From a survey in 1903 
and 1904 by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, commander M. L. Wood, 
U. S. N., commanding . . . Drawn by J. H. Larrabee. Gr. Noetzel, 
chief lithographer. 38^x27|. Washington, 1905. 

[United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic oflBce. 
Chart no. 2209] . 

1905. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Cabanas. From a hydrographic 
survey in 1904, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, commander M. L. 
Wood, U. S. N., commanding; and a topographical survey in 1901, by the 
United States military government of Cuba. Gr. Noetzel, chief lithog- 
rapher. 29|x48|. Washington, 1905. 
, [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 

Chart no. 2210]. 



APPENDIX. 

CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA. 



We, the delegates of the people of Cuba, having met in constitu- 
tional convention for the purpose of preparing and adopting the 
fundamental law of their organization as an independent and sover- 
eign people, establishing a government capable of fulfilling its inter- 
national obligations, ' maintaining public peace, insuring liberty, 
justice, and promoting the general Avelfare, do hereby agree upon 
and adopt the following constitufion, invoking the protection of the- 
Almighty. 

TITLE I. 

THE NATION, ITS FORM OF GOVERNMENT, AND ITS TERRITORY. 

Article 1. The people of Cuba are hereby constituted a sovereign 
and independent State and adopt a republican form of government. 

Art. 2. The territory of the Republic is composed of the island of 
Cuba, as well as the adjacent islands and keys, which, together there- 
with, were under the sovereignty of Spain until the ratification of 
the treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898. 

Art. 3. The territory of the Republic shall be divided into six 
provinces, as they exist at present and with the same boundaries, the 
provincial council of each to determine their respective names. 

The provinces may be incorporated with each other or divided 
into new provinces through actions that may be agreed upon by the 
respective provincial councils and approved by Congress. 

TITLE II. 

THE CUBAN PEOPLE. 

Art. 4. Cuban citizens are native born or naturalized. 
Art. 5. Native-born Cubans are: 

First. Those born of Cuban parents within or without the territouy 
of the Republic. 

159a— 05 33 • 513 



514 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Second. Those born within the territory of the Republic of foreign 
parents, provided that on becoming of age they claim the right of 
inscription as Cubans in the proper register. 

Third. Those born in foreign countries of native-born parents, who 
have forfeited their Cuban nationality, provided that on becoming of 
age they claim their inscription as Cubans in the same register. 

Aet. 6. Naturalized Cubans are : 

First. Foreigners who, having served in the liberating army, may 
claim Cuban nationality within six months following the promulga- 
tion of this constitution. 

Second. Foreigners established in Cuba prior to January 1, 1899, 
wdio may have retained their residence after said date, provided they 
claim Cuban nationality within the six months next following the 
promulgation of this constitution, or, if minors, within a like period 
after they shall have attained their majority. 

Third. Foreigners who, after five years' residence in the territory 
of the Republic and not less than two years from the time that they 
declared their intention of acquiring Cuban citizenship, may obtain 
their letters of naturalization in coijformity with the laws. 

Fourth. Spaniards residing in the territory of Cuba on the 11th 
day of April, 1899, who may not have been registered as such in the 
proper registers prior to the same month and day of 1900. 

Fifth. Africans who may have been slaves in Cuba, and those who 
were emancipated and comprised in article 13 of the treaty of June 
28th, 1835, entered into by Spain and England. 

Art. T. Cuban citizenship is forfeited: 

First. By acquiring foreign citizenship. 

Second. By accepting employment or honors from another govern- 
ment without permission of the Senate. 

Third. By entering the military service of a foreign nation without 
a like permission. 

Fourth. By a naturalized Cuban residing five years continuously 
in his native country, except by reason of his being in the employ of 
or fulfilling a commission of the Government of the Republic. 

Art. 8. Cuban citizenship may be reacquired as may be provided 
for by law. 

Art. 9. Every Cuban shall — 

First. Bear arms in defense of his country in such cases and in the 
manner determined by the laws. 

Second. Contribute to the payment of public expenses in such man- 
ner and proportion as the laws may prescribe. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 515 

TITLE III. 
FOREIGNERS. 

Art. 10. Foreigners residing within the territory of the Republic 
shall have the same rights and obligations as Cubans — 

First. As to protection of their persons and properties. 

Second. As to the enjoyment of the rights guaranteed by Section I 
of the following title, excepting those exclusively reserved to citizens. 

Third. As to the enjoyment of civil rights under the conditions and 
limitations prescribed in the law of aliens. 

Fourth. As to the obligation of respecting and obeying the laws, 
decrees, regulations, and all other enactments that may be in force in 
the Republic. 

Fifth. As to submission to the jurisdiction and decisions of the 
courts of justice and all other authorities of the Republic. 

Sixth. As to the obligation of contributing to the public expenses 
of the State, province, and municipality. 

TITLE IV. 
RIGHTS GUARANTEED BY THIS CONSTITUTION. 

Section First. — Individual rights. 

Art. 11. All Cubans have equal rights before the law. The Repub- 
lic does not recognize any i3ersonal privileges or special rights. 

Art. 12. No law shall have any retroactive effect, other than penal 
ones favorable to convicted or indicted persons. 

Art. 13. Obligations of a civil nature arising from contracts or 
other acts or omissions, shall not be annulled or altered by either the 
legislature or executive power. 

Art. 14. The penalty of death shall in no case be imposed for 
crimes of a political nature, which shall be defined by law. 

Art. 15. No person shall be arrested except in such cases and in 
the manner prescribed by law. » 

Art. 16. Every person arrested shall be set at liberty or placed at 
the disposal of a competent judge or court within twenty-four hours 
immediately following the arrest. 

Art. 17. All persons arrested shall be set at liberty or their impris- 
onment ordered within seventy-two hours after having been placed at 
the disjDosal of the competent judge or court. Within the same time 
notice shall be served upon the jDarty interested of any action which 
may have been taken in the matter. 

Art. 18. No person shall be arrested except by warrant of a com- 
petent judge or court. The order directing the serving of the war- 
rant of arrest shall be affirmed or reversed, after the accused shall 



516 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

have been heard in his defense, within seventy-two hours next follow - 
ing his imprisonment. 

Art. 19. No person shall be indicted or sentenced except by compe- 
tent judge or court, by virtue of laws in force prior to the commission 
of the crime, and in such manner as therein prescribed. 

Art. 20. Any person arrested or imprisoned without legal formali- 
ties, or not in accordance with the provisions of this constitution and 
the laws, shall be set at liberty at his own request or that of any citi- 
zen. The law will determine the prompt action which shall be taken 
in the case. 

Art. 21. No person whatsoever is bound to give evidence against 
himself, nor husband or wife against each other, nor relatives wilhin 
the fourth degree of consanguinit}^ or second of affinity. 

Art. 22. All correspondence and other private documents are invi- 
olable, and neither shall be seized nor examined except by order of a 
competent authority and with the formalities prescribed by the laws, 
and in all cases all points therein not relating to the matter under 
investigation shall be kept secret. 

Art. 23. No person's domicile shall be violated; and therefore no 
one shall enter that of another at night, except by permission of its 
occupant, unless it be for the purpose of giving aid and assistance to 
victims of crime or accident; or in the daytime, except in such cases 
and manner as prescribed by law. 

Art. 24. No person shall be compelled to change his domicile or 
residence except by virtue of an order issued by a competent authority 
and in the manner prescribed by law. 

Art. 25. Every person may freely, without censorship, express his 
thoughts either by word of mouth or in writing, through the press, or 
in any other manner whatsoever, subject to the responsibilities speci- 
fied by law, whenever thereby attacks are made upon the honor of 
individuals, upon social order, and upon public peace. 

Art. 26. The profession of all religious beliefs, as well as the prac- 
tice of all forms of worship are free, without further restriction than 
that demanded by the respect for Christian morality and public order. 
The church shall be separated from the state, which shall in no case 
subsidize any religion. 

Art. 27. All persons shall have the right to address petitions to the 
authorities, to have them duly acted upon, and to be informed of the 
action taken thereon. 

Art. 28. All inhabitants of the Eepublic have the right to assemble 
peacefully unarmed, and to associate for all lawful pursuits of life. 

Art. 29. All persons shall have the right to enter into and depart 
from the territory of the Reioublic, to travel within its boundaries, and 
to change their residence without requiring any safeguard, passport, or 
any other similar requisite, except as may be required by the laws 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 517 

governing immigration, and by the authorities, jn cases of criminal 
responsibility, by virtue of the powers vested in them. 

Art. 30. No Cuban shall be banished from the territory of the 
Republic or be prohibited from entering therein. 

Art. 31. Primary education is compulsory and shall be gratuitous', 
as also that of arts and trades. The expenses thereof shall be defrayed 
by the State during such time as the municipalitites and provinces, 
respectively, may lack sufficient means therefor. Secondary and 
advanced education will be controlled by the State. However, all 
persons may, without restriction, study or teach any science, art, or 
profession, and found and maintain establishments of education and 
instruction ; but it pertains to the State to determine what professions 
shall require special titles, the conditions necessary for their practice, 
the necessary requirements to obtain the titles, and the issuing of the 
same as may be established by law. 

Art. 32. No person shall be deprived of his property, except by 
competent authority for the justified reason of public benefit, and 
after being duly indemnified for the same. Should the latter require- 
ment not have been complied with, the judges and courts shall give 
due protection; and in such case they shall restore possession of the 
property to the person who may have been deprived thereof. 

Art. 33. In no case shall the penalty of confiscation of property be 
imposed. 

Art. 34. No person is obliged to pay any tax or impost not legally 
established and the collection thereof not being carried out in the 
manner prescribed by the laws. 

Art. 35. Every author or inventor shall enjoy the exclusive owner- 
ship of his work or invention for the time and in the manner deter- 
mined by law. 

Art. 36. The enumeration of the rights expressly guaranteed by 
this constitution does not exclude others that may be based upon the 
principle of the sovereignty of the people and upon the republican 
form of government. 

Art. 37. The laws regulating the exercise of the rights which this 
constitution guarantees shall become null and void if they diminish, 
restrict, or change the said rights. 

Section 'Second. — Right of suffrage. 

Art. 38. All male Cubans over twenty-one years of age have the 
right of suffrage, with the following exceptions: 

First. Inmates of asylums. 

Second. Persons mentally incapacitated after having been judicially 
so declared. 

Third. Persons judicially deprived of civil rights on account of 
crime. 



518 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Fourth. Persons in active service belonging to the land or naval 
forces. 

Art. 39. The laws shall establish rules and procedures to guarantee 
the intervention of the minority in the preparation of the electoral 
census, and in other electoral matters, and their representation in the 
House of Representatives and in provincial and municipal councils. 

Section Third. — Suspension of constitutional guarantees. 

Art. 40. The guarantees established in articles 15, 16, 17, 19, 22, 
23, 24, and 27 of the first section of this title shall not be suspended 
throughout the entire Republic, or in any part thereof, except tempo- 
rarily and when the safety of the State may require it, in cases of 
invasion of the territory or of serious disturbances that may threaten 
public peace. 

Art. 41. The territory within which the guarantees determined in 
the preceding article may have been suspended shall be governed dur- 
ing the period of suspension by the law^ of public order j)reviously 
enacted, but neither in the said law, or in any other, shall the suspen- 
sion be ordered of any other guarantees than those already mentioned. 
Nor shall there be made, during the period of suspension, any decla- 
ration of new crimes, nor shall there be imposed other penalties than 
those established by the law in force at the time the suspension was 
ordered. 

The executive power is prohibited from banishing or exiling citi- 
zens to a greater distance than one hundred and twenty kilometers 
from their domicile, and from holding them under arrest for more 
than ten days without turning them over to the judicial authorities, 
and from rearresting them during the period of the suspension of 
guarantees. Persons arrested shall not be detained except in special 
departments of public establishments used for the detention of persons 
indicted for ordinary offenses. 

Art. 42. The suspension of the guarantees specified in article 40 
shall only be ordered by means of a law, or, when Congress is not in 
session, by a decree of the President of the Republic; but the latter 
shall not order the suspension more than once during the period com- 
prised between two legislatures, nor for an indefinite period of time, 
nor for more than thirty days, without convening Congress in the 
same order of suspension. In every case the President shall report 
to Congress for such action as Congress may deem proper. 

TITLE V. 

SOVEREIGNTY AND PUBLIC POWERS. 

Art. 43. Sovereignty is vested in the people of Cuba and all public 
powers are derived therefrom. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 519 

TITLE VI. 
LEGISLATIVE POWERS. 

Section First. — The legislative 'bodies. 

Art. 44. The legislative power is exercised by two elective bodies, 
which shall be known as the House of Representatives and the Senate, 
and which conjointly will be called Congress. 

Section Second. — The Senate; its organization and attributes. 

Art. 45. The Senate shall be composed of four Senators from each 
Province, elected therefrom for a period of eight years by the provin- 
cial couiicilmen and by a double number of electors, who, together 
with the provincial councilmen, shall constitute an electoral board. 

One-half of the electors must be persons who pay the highest 
amount of taxes and the remainder shall possess the qualifications 
that may be determined by law. All of the electors must also be of 
age and residents of municipal districts of the Province. 

The electors shall be chosen by the voters of the Province one hun- 
dred days prior to the election of Senators. 

One-half of the members of the Senate shall be elected every four 
years. 

Art. 46. To become a Senator it is necessary — 

First. To be a native-born Cuban. 

Second. To have attained to the age of thirty-five years. 

Third. To be in full possession of all civil and political rights. 

Art. 47. The inherent attributes of the Senate are — 

First. To try, sitting as a court of justice, the President of the 
Republic whenever he be accused by the House of Representatives of 
crimes against the external security of the State, against the free 
exercise of legislative or judicial powers, or of violation of the con- 
stitution. 

Second. To try, sitting as a court of justice, cabinet ministers when- 
ever they be accused by the House of Representatives of crimes 
against the external security of the State, against the free exercise 
of legislative or judicial powers, or of violation of the constitution, 
or of any other offense of a political nature specified by law. 

Third. To try^ sitting as a court of justice, governors of Provinces 
whenever they be accused by the provincial councils or by the Presi- 
dent of the Republic of any of the offenses specified in the preceding 
paragraph. AVlienever the Senate sits as a court of justice it shall be 
presided over by the chief justice of the supreme court, and it shall 
not impose upon the accused any other penalty than that of removal 
from office, or removal from office and disqualification to hold any 
public office, without detriment to any other penalty which the ac- 



520 HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 

cused may have incurred which may be imposed by the courts declared 
to be competent b}^ hiw. 

Fourth. To confirm the appointments made by the President of the 
Republic of chief justice and associate justices of the supreme court 
of justice; of diplomatic representatives and consular agents of the 
nation, and of all other public officers whose ajjpointment may require 
the approval of the Senate in accordance with the law. 

Fifth. To authorize Cuban citizens to accept employment or honors 
from another government or to serve in the army thereof. 

Sixth. To ratify the treaties entered into by the President of the 
Republic with other nations. 

Section Third. — 'The House of Representatives ; its organisation and 

attributes. , 

Art. 48. The House of Representatives shall be composed of one 
representative for each twenty-five thousand inhabitants or fraction 
thereof over twelve thousand five hundred, elected for the period of 
four years by direct vote and in the manner provided for by law. 

One-half of the members of the House of Representatives shall be 
elected every two years. 

Art. 49. The following qualifications are necessar}^ to be a repre- 
sentative : 

First. To be a native-born or naturalized Cuban citizen who has 
resided for eight years in the Republic from and after the date of his 
naturalization. 

Second. To have attained to the age of twenty-five years. 

Third. To be in full possession of all civil and political rights. 

Art. 50. It shall be the duty of the House of Representatives to 
impeach in the Senate the President of the Republic, and the cabinet 
ministers in all cases prescribed in paragraphs first and second of 
article 47, whenever two-thirds of the total number of Representatives 
shall so resolve in secret session. 

Section Fourth. — Provisions coniinon to hoth colegislative todies. 

Art. 51. The positions of senator and representative are incompati- 
ble with the holding of any paid position of Government appointment, 
with the exception of that of a professorship in a Government institu- 
tion, obtained by competitive examination prior to- election to the 
first-named positions. 

Art. 52. Senators and representatives shall receive from the State 
a pecuniary remuneration, alike for both positions, the amount of 
which may be changed at any time; but the change shall not take 
effect until after the future election of one-half of the members of the 
coleaislativc bodies. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 521 

Art. 53. Senators and representatives shall not be held liable for 
the votes and opinions given and expressed in the discharge of their 
duties. Senators and representatives shall only be arrested or in- 
dicted by authority of the body of which they form part, should 
Congress be in session at the time, except in case of being actually 
discovered in f.agrante delicto. In this case, and in case of their 
being arrested or indicted at the time when Congress is not in session, 
report shall be made as soon as practicable to the body to which they 
belong for proper action. 

Art. 54. Both Houses of Congress shall open and close their ses- 
sions on the same day ; they shall be established at the same place, and 
neither the Senate nor the House of Representatives shall remove to 
any other place nor adjourn for more than three days, except by joint 
resolution of both Houses. 

Neither shall they open their sessions without two-thirds of the total 
number of their members being present, nor shall they continue their 
sessions without an absolute majority of members being present. 

Art. 55. Each House shall decide as to the validity of the election 
of its respective members and as to the resignations presented by 
them. 

No Senator or Representative shall be expelled from the House to 
which he belongs, except by virtue of a case previously decided 
against him, and by resolution of at least two-thirds of the total 
number of its members. 

Art. 56. Each House shall frame its respective rules and regula- 
tions, and elect from among its members its president, vice-presidents, 
and secretaries. However, the president of the Senate will only dis- 
charge the duties of office when the Vice-President of the Republic is 
absent or is fulfilling the duties of President of the same. 

Section Fifth. — -Congress and its powers. 

Art. 57. Congress shall meet by virtue of the inherent rights 
thereof twice in each year, and shall remain in session during a period 
of at least forty legal working days during each term. 

The first session shall begin on the first Monday in April and the 
other on the first Monday in November. It will meet in extra sessions 
in such cases and in such manner as provided for by the rules and 
regulations of the colegislative bodies and whenever convened by the 
President of the Republic in accordance with the provisions of this 
constitution. 

In such cases it shall only consider the express object or objects for 
which it meets. 

Art. 58. Congress shall meet as a joint body to proclaim, after 
counting and rectifying the electoral vote, the President and Vice- 
President of the Republic. 



522 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

In this case the duties of the president of Congress shall be per- 
formed by the president of the Senate, and in his absence by the 
president of the House of Representatives as vice-president of said 
Congress. 

If upon counting the votes for president it should appear that none 
of the candidates has an absolute majority of votes, or if there should 
be a tie, Congress, b}^ a majority of votes, shall elect as President one 
of the two candidates having obtained the greatest number of votes. 

Should two or more candidates be in the same condition, by two or 
more of them having obtained a like number of votes, Congress shall 
elect one of their number. 

Should the vote of Congress also result in a tie, the vote shall be 
again taken; and if the result of the second vote be the same, the 
l^resident shall cast the deciding vote. 

The method established in the preceding paragraph shall be em- 
ployed in the election of Vice-President of the Republic. 

The counting of the electoral vote shall take place prior to the 
expiration of the presidential term. 

Art. 59. Powers of Congress : 

First. To prepare the national codes and laws of a general nature ; 
to determine the rules that shall be observed for general, provincial, 
and municipal elections ; to issue orders for the regulation and organ- 
ization of all matters pertaining to the general administration of 
public, provincial, and municipal affairs, and issue all other laws 
and decisions which it may deem proper in connection with all other 
matters whatsoever of public interest. 

"^ Second. To discuss and approve the budgets of Government reve- 
ime and expenditure. The said revenue and expenditure, except such 
as will be mentioned hereinafter, shall be included in annual budgets 
and shall only remain in force during the year for which they shall 
have been approved. 

^ The expenses of Congress, those of the administration of justice, 
those for interest and redemption of loans, and the revenues with 
which they have to be paid shall be of a permanent nature and shall 
be included in a fixed budget which shall remain in force until 
changed by special laws. 

Third. To contract loans ; but at the same time it shall be under the 
obligation of deciding what permanent revenues shall be necessary for 
the payment of the interest and redemption thereof. All action relat- 
ing to loans shall require two-thirds of the vote of the total number of 
members of each colegislative body. 

Fourth. To coin money, specifying the standard, weight, value, and 
denomination thereof. 

Fifth. To regulate the system of weights and measures. 

Sixth. To establish rules for regulating and developing internal 
and foreign commerce. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 523 

Seventh. To regulate the postal service; also railroads, public 
roads, canals, and harbors, establishing- those required by public con- 
venience. 

Eighth. To establish the duties and taxes of a national character 
necessaiy for the needs of the Government. 

Ninth. To establish rules and procedures for naturalization of 
citizens. 

Tenth. To grant amnesties. 
• Eleventh. To fix the number of the land and naval forces and to 
determine the organization thereof. 

Twelfth. To declare war and approve treaties of peace made by the 
President of the Republic. 

Thirteenth. To designate, by means of a special law, who shall be 
President of the Republic in case of the removal from office, death, 
resignation, or incapacity of the President and Vice-President thereof. 

Art. 60. Congress shall not include in the budget laws provisions 
that may bring about legislative or administrative changes of any 
other nature; nor shall it reduce or suppress any revenue of a perma- 
nent nature without establishing at the same time others in substitu- 
tion thereof, except in case of reduction or suppression caused by the 
reduction or suppression of equivalent permanent expenses ; nor shall 
Congress assign to any service that has to be provided for in the 
annual budget a greater amount than that recommended in the project 
of the Government ; but it may establish new services and reform or 
give greater scope to those already existing by enactment of special 
laws. 

Section Sixth. — The initiative^ preparation^ sanction, and promulga- 
tion of the laws. 

Art. 61. The initiative in respect to the laws is in each of the 
colegislative bodies without distinction. 

Art. 62. Every bill which shall have passed both colegislative bodies, 
and every resolution of the said bodies that may have to be executed 
by the President of the Republic must be presented to him for ap- 
proval. If he approve them he will sign them at once, otherwise 
he shall return them with his objections to the colegislative body in 
which they shall have originated; which body shall enter the said 
objections at large upon its minutes and will again discuss the bill 
or resolution. If, after this second discussion, two-thirds of the 
total number of members of the colegislative body should vote in 
favor of the bill or resolution, it shall be sent, together with the 
objections of the President, to the other body, where it shall also be 
discussed, and if the latter should approve same by like majority it 
shall become a law. In all the above cases the vote shall be taken by 
name. 



524 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

If within the following ten working days after having received a 
bill or resolution the President shall not have returned the same, it 
shall be considered approved and become law. 

If within the last ten days of a legislative session there should be 
presented to the President of the Republic any bill, and he should 
decide to take advantage of the entire period, in accordance with the 
preceding paragraph, granted to him by law for the approval thereof, 
he shall notif}^ Congress on the same day of his determination, in 
order that the latter may remain in session, should it so desire, until 
the expiration of the said period. Should the President not do so, 
the bill shall be considered approved and become law. 

No bill after being defeated in its entirety by either of the colegis- 
lative bodies shall be again presented for discussion during the same 
legislative session. 

Art. 63. Every law shall be promulgated within ten days next fol- 
lowing the date of its approval by either the President or Congress, 
as the case may be, according to the preceding article. 

TITLE VII. 

THE EXECUTIVE POWER. 

Section First. — The exercise of executive power. 

Art. 64. The executive power shall be vested in the President of 
the Republic. 

Section Second. — Tlie President of the Repuhlic^ his poxoers and 

duties. 

Art. 65. The President of the Republic must possess the following 
qualifications : 

First. He must be a native-born or naturalized Cuban citizen, and 
in the latter case must have served in the Cuban army in its wars of 
independence for at least ten years. 

Second. He must have attained to the age of forty years. 

Third. He must be in full possession of his civil and political 
rights. 

Art. 66. The President of the Republic shall be elected by presi- 
dential electors on one single day and as provided for by law. 

The term of office shall be four years, and no person shall be Pres- 
ident for three consecutive terms. 

Art. 6T. The President shall take oath of office, or malvc affirma- 
tion, before the supreme court of justice, upon taking office, faith- 
fully to discharge the duties thereof, to comply with and enforce the 
constitution and the laws. 

Art. 68. Tlie duties of the President of the Republic are : 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 525 

First. He shall sanction and promulgate the laws, execute and 
enforce them ; issue, when Congress may not have done so, the regu- 
lations for the better enforcement of the laws, and, in addition thereto, 
the decrees and orders which, for this purpose and for all that which 
pertains to the control and administration of the nation, he may deem 
proper, without in any case violating the provisions established in 
said laws. 

Second. He shall convene special sessions of Congress, or of the 
Senate alone, in the cases specified in this constitution or when in his 
judgment it may be necessary. 

Third. He shall adjourn Congress whenever therein an agreement 
in this jDarticular shall not have been arrived at between the coleg- 
islative bodies. 

Fourth. He shall present to Congress at the opening of each legis- 
lative session and at such other times as he may deem proper a 
message relating to the acts of his administration, demonstrating the 
general condition of the Eepublic; and he shall furthermore recom- 
mend the adoption of such laws and resolutions as he may deem nec- 
essary or advantageous. 

Fifth. He shall present to either House of Congress prior to the 
15th day of November the project of the annual budgets. 

Sixth. He shall furnish Congress with all the information that it 
may ask for in reference to all matters that do not demand secrecy. 

Seventh. He shall direct diplomatic negotiations and make treaties 
with all nations, but he must submit same for the approval of the 
Senate, without which they shall not be valid or binding upon the 
Republic. 

Eighth. He shall have the power to freely appoint and remove 
from office the members of his' cabinet, notifying Congress of such 
action. 

Ninth. He shall appoint, subject to the approval of the Senate, the 
chief justice and justices of the supreme court and the diplomatic 
representatives and consular agents of the Republic, with power to 
make yro tempore appointments of such functionaries in cases of 
vacancy when the Senate is not in session. 

Tenth. He shall appoint such other public officers to all positions 
specified by law whose appointment does not pertain to any other 
authority. 

Eleventh. He shall have the right to suspend the exercise of the 
powers enumerated in article 40 of this constitution in such cases 
and in the manner stated in articles 41 and 42. 

Twelfth. He shall have the right to suspend the resolutions of 
provincial and municipal councils in such cases and in the manner 
determined by this constitution. 



52G HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Thirteenth. He shall have the right to order the suspension from 
office of governors of Provinces in case of their exceeding their powers 
and Adolating the laws, reporting the fact to the Senate, in such man- 
ner as may be determined, for proper action. 

Fourteenth. He shall have the right to prefer charges against the 
governors of Provinces in the cases stated in paragraph third of arti- 
cle 47. 

Fifteenth. He shall have the right to pardon criminals in accord- 
ance with the provisions of the law, except i3ublic officers who may 
have been convicted of crimes committed in the performance of their 
duties. 

Sixteenth. He shall receive the diplomatic representatives and 
recognize the consular agents of other nations. 

Seventeenth. He shall have at his disposal, as commander in chief, 
the land and naval forces of the Republic, take proper measures for 
the defense of its territory, reporting to Congress the action taken for 
the purpose, and take proper measures for the maintenance of the 
public peace whenever there shall arise any danger of invasion or any 
rebellion seriously threatening public safety. At a time when Con- 
gress is not in session the President shall convene same without delay 
for proper action. 

Aet. 69. The President shall not leave the territory of the Eepublic 
without the authority of Congress. 

Art. 70. The President shall be responsible before the supreme 
court of justice for all ordinary crimes committed by him during his 
term of office ; but he shall not be indicted without previous authority 
of the Senate. 

Art. 71. The President shall receive from the State a salary which 
may be changed at any time; but the change shall not take effect 
except within the presidential periods next following that in which it 
may have been agreed upon. 

TITLE VIII. 
THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC. 

Art. 72. There shall be a Vice-President of the Republic, who shall 
]je elected in the same manner and for a like period of time as the 
President and conjointly with the latter. To become Vice-President, 
the same qualifications prescribed for President by this constitution 
are necessary. 

Art. 73. The Vice-President of the Republic shall be president of 
the Senate, but shall be entitled to vote only in case of a tie. 

Art. 74. In case of temporary or permanent absence of the Presi- 
dent of the Republic, the Vice-President shall substitute him in the 
exercise of the executive power. Should the absence be permanent, 
the substitution shall continue until the end of the presidential term. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 527 

Art. 75. The Vice-President shall receive a salary from the State 
which may be changed at any time, but the change shall not take effect 
except within the presidential periods next following that in which it 
may have been agreed upon. 

TITLE IX. 

Art. 76. For the exercise of his powers the President of the Eepub- 
lic shall have such cabinet ministers as may be prescribed by law, and 
Cuban citizens only in the full enjoyment of their civil and political 
rights shall be appointed. 

Art. 77. All decrees, orders, and decisions of the President of the 
Republic shall bear the referenchiTn of the respective cabinet min- 
ister, without which they shall not be enforceable and shall not be 
executed. 

Art 78. The cabinet ministers shall be personally responsible for 
all acts bearing their referendum and jointly and severally respon- 
sible for those which they may jointly decree or sanction. This 
responsibility does not exempt the President from the personal and 
direct responsibility which he may incur. 

Art. 79. The cabinet ministers shall be impeached by the House 
of Representatives, in the Senate, in the cases mentioned in paragraph 
two of article 47. 

Art., 80. The cabinet ministers shall receive a salary from the State 
which may be changed at any time, but the change shall not go into 
effect except within the presidential periods next following the one in 
which it may have been agreed upon. 

TITLE X. 

Section First. — The exercise of judicial powers. 

Art. 81. The judicial power shall be vested in a supreme court of 
justice and in such other courts as may be established by law. The 
said law will regulate their respective organization and powers, the 
manner of exercising the same, and the qualifications that must be 
possessed by the functionaries composing the said courts. ^ 

Section Second. — Supreme court of justice. 

Art. 82. To be chief justice or a justice of the supreme court the 
following conditions are required : 

First. To be a Cuban by birth. 

Second. To have attained to the age of thirty-five years. 

Third. To be m the full enjoyment of civil and political rights, and 
not to have been condemned to any /)e7ia aflictiva for ordinary 
offenses. 



528 HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 

Fourth. To possess, in addition, any of the following qualifications : 

To have practiced in Cuba, during ten years at least, the profesion 
of law, or discharged for a like period of time judicial duties, or occu- 
pied for the same number of years a chair of law in an official educa- 
tional establishment. 

Other persons may be also appointed to the positions of chief justice 
and justices of the supreme court, provided they possess the qualifica- 
tions required by conditions 1, 2, and 3 of this article. 

(a) Those persons who may have previously held positions in the 
judiciary of a similar or next inferior grade for the period that may 
be provided for by law. 

(&) Those persons who, prior to the promulgation of this constitu- 
tion, may have been justices of the supreme court of the island of 
Cuba. 

The time during which lawyers shall have exercised judicial func- 
tions shall be reckoned as that of the practice of law necessary to 
qualify them for ajopointment as justices of the supreme court. 

Art. 83. In addition to the powers that may have been conferred 
previously, or may be in future conferred by the laws, the supreme 
court shall be vested with the following: 

First. To take cognizance of appeals for the cassation of decisions 
of inferior courts. 

Second. To decide as to the right of jurisdiction of courts immedi- 
ately below it, or which may not be under the control of a higher 
court, common to both. 

Third. To have cognizance of all cases in litigation to which the 
State, Provinces, and municipalities are parties inter se. 

Fourth. To decide as to the constitutionality of the laws, decrees, 
and regulations, whenever questions relating thereto shall arise be- 
tween interested parties. 

Section Third. — General rules relating to the administration of 

justice. 

Art. 84. Justice shall be administered gratuitously throughout the 
territory of the Republic. 

Art. 85. The courts of law shall have cognizance of all suits, either 
civil, criminal, or interadministrative (contencioso-administrativos). 

Art. 86. There shall not be created, under any circumstances or 
title whatsoever, any judicial commission or special courts. 

Art. 87. No judicial functionary shall be suspended or discharged 
from his office or position except by reason of crime or other serious 
cause, duly proven, and always after he has been heard. 

Neither shall he be removed to another position without his consent 
unless it be for the manifest benefit of the public service. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 529 

Art. 88. All judicial functionaries shall be personally responsible, 
in the manner which the laws may determine, for all violations of the 
laws committed by them. 

Art. 89. The salaries of judicial functionaries shall be changed 
only at periods of over five years, the said change to be made by a 
special law. The law shall not assign different salaries for positions 
the grade, category, and duties of which are equal. 

Art. 90. Military and naval courts shall be regulated by a special 
organic law. 

TITLE XI. 
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. 

Section First. — General rules. 

Art. 91. Provinces shall comprise the municipal districts within 
their limits. 

Art. 92. Each Province shall have one governor and one provincial 
council, elected by the direct vote of the people in the manner pre- 
scribed by law. The number of councilmen in each Province shall 
not be less than eight nor more than twenty. 

Section Second. — Provincial councils and their ^powers. 

Art.. 93. Provincial councils shall have the right to — 

First. Decide all matters concerning the Province, and which, un- 
der the constitution, treaties, or laws, are not within the general juris- 
diction of the State or the special jurisdiction of the ayuntamientos. 

Second. Prepare their budgets, providing the necessary incomes to 
meet them, without any other limitations thereto than that consistent 
with the tax system of the Government. 

Third. Contract loans for public works for the benefit of the Prov- 
ince, but voting at the same time the necessary permanent incomes for 
the payment of the interest and redemption of said loans. 

In order that said loans may be raised, they must be approved by 
two-thirds of the members of the municipal councils of the Province. 

Fourth. To impeach the governor before the Senate, in the cases 
specified in paragraph 3 of article 47, whenever two-thirds of the total 
number of provincial councilmen shall decide, in secret session, to 
prefer such charges. 

Fifth. To appoint to and remove from office provincial employees, 
in accordance with provisions which may be established by law. 

Art. 94. Provincial councils shall not reduce or suppress revenues 
of a permanent character without establishing, at the same time, 
others in substitution thereof, except when the reduction or suppres- 
sion shall arise from the reduction or suppression of equivalent per- 
manent expenses. 
159a— 05 34 



530 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Aet. 95. The decisions of the provincial councils shall be presented 
to the governor of the Province, and should he approve the same he 
shall affix his signature thereto. Otherwise he shall return them, 
with his objections, to the council, which will again discuss the matter. 
If, after this second discussion, two-thirds of the total number of 
councilmen should vote in favor of the measure it shall be executed. 

'\'\'Tienever the governor does not, within ten days after the presen- 
tation of the resolution, return the same, it will be considered ap- 
proved, and shall, in a like manner, be executed. 

Art. 96. All resolutions of the provincial councils may be sus- 
pended by the governor of the Province or by the President of the 
Republic whenever, in their judgment, they may be contrary to the 
constitution, treaties, laws, or resolutions adopted by the municipal 
councils in the exercise of their inherent rights. But the right of 
cognizance and decision of all claims arising from the said sus- 
pension shall pertain to the courts. 

Art. 97. Neither the provincial councilmen, nor any section of, or 
comjnission from among their members, or of other persons designated 
by them, shall have any intervention in election matters pertaining to 
any election whatsoever. 

Art. 98. The provincial councilmen shall be personally responsible 
before the courts in the manner prescribed by law for all acts what- 
soever which they may perform in the exercise of their duties. 

Section Third. — Governors of Provinces and their poxoers. 

Art. 99. The governors of Provinces shall have power to — 

First. Comply with and enforce, in all matters within their juris- 
diction, the laws, decrees, and general regulations of the nation. 

Second. Publish the resolutions of the provincial councils that may 
be enforceable, executing the same and causing them to be executed. 

Third. Issue orders, as M^ell as the necessary instructions and regu- 
lations for the better execution of the resolutions of the provincial 
councils, when the latter should not have done so. 

Fourth. Call together the provincial councils in special session, 
whenever in their judgment it may be necessary, stating in the order 
convening the session the object therof. 

Fifth. Suspend the resolutions of the provincial and municipal 
councils in the cases determined by this constitution. 

Sixth. Order the suspension of alcaldes from office in cases where 
they exceed their powers, violate the constitution or the laws, infringe 
the resolutions of provincial councils, or fail to comply with their 
duties; reporting such action to the provincial council in such manner 
as may be provided for by law. 

Seventh. Appoint and remove the employees of his office in such 
manner as may be provided for by law. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 531 

Art. 100. The governor shall be responsible to the Senate, as speci- 
fied in this constitution, and to the courts of justice, in all other cases 
of crime in such manner as may be provided for by law. 

Art. 101. The governor shall receive from the provincial treasury a 
salary, which may be changed at any time, but the change shall not 
take effect until after the election of a new governor. 

Art. 102. In case of absence, either temporary or permanent, of the 
governor of the province, he shall be substituted in the discharge of 
his official duties by the president of the provincial council. Should 
such absence be permanent such substitution shall continue until the 
end of the term for which the governor may have been elected. 

TITLE XII. 
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 

Section First. — General rules. 

Art. 103. The municipal districts shall be governed by municipal 
councils composed of the number of councilmen, elected by direct vote, 
as may be provided for by law. 

Art. 104. In each municipal district there shall be an alcalde, 
elected by direct vote, as may be provided for by law. 

Section Second. — Municipal councils and their powers. 

Art. 105. The municipal councils shall have power to — 

First. Decide all matters that relate exclusively to municipal dis- 
tricts. 

Second. Prepare the budgets, providing the necessary revenues to 
meet them, without further limitations than making them compatible 
with the tax system of the State. 

Third. Contract loans, but at the same time voting the permanent 
i-eyenues necessary for the payment of interest and redemption of 
same. 

In order that said loans may be negotiated, they must be approved 
by two-thirds of the voters of the municipal districts. 

Fourth. To appoint and remove from office municipal employees, 
as may be provided for by law. 

^ Art. 106. The municipal council shall not reduce or suppress any 
revenues of a permanent nature without providing others at the same 
time in substitution thereof, except when the reduction 'or suppression 
arises from the reduction or suppression of equivalent permanent 
expenditures. 

Art. 107. "The resolutions of municipal councils shall be presented 
to the alcalde. If the latter should approve them he will attach his 
signature thereto; otherwise he will return them, with his objections, 



532 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

to the inimicipal council, where they will again be discussed. And if, 
upon this second discussion, two-thirds of the total number of coun- 
cilmen should vote in favor of any resolution it shall be executed. 

Whenever the alcalde should not return any resolution within ten 
days after it has been presented to him, it shall be considered 
approved and shall also be executed. 

Art. 108. The resolutions of municipal councils may be suspended 
by the alcalde, by the governor of the province, or by the President of 
the Republic, whenever, in their judgment, such resolutions are con- 
trary to the constitution, to treaties, to the laws, or to the resolutions 
adopted by the provincial council by virtue of its inherent rights, but 
the courts of justice shall take cognizance of and decide all claims 
arising therefrom. 

Art. 109. Councilmen shall be personally responsible before the 
courts of justice, as may be provided for by law, for all acts per- 
formed by them in the exercise of their duties. 

Section Third. — Alcaldes,- their fowers and duties. 

Art. 110. Alcaldes shall be required to — 

First. Publish the resolutions of municipal councils that may be 
binding, execute and cause the same to be executed. 

Second. To take charge of the administration of municipal affairs, 
issuing orders for the purpose, as well as instructions and regulations 
for the better execution of the resolutions of municipal councils, 
whenever the latter may fail to do so. 

Third. Appoint and remove the employees of his office as may be 
provided for by law. 

Art. 111. The alcalde shall be personally responsible before the 
courts of justice as may be prescribed by law, for all acts performed 
in the discharge of his official duties. 

Art. 112. The alcalde shall receive a salary, to be paid by the 
municipal treasury, which may be changed at any time; but such 
change shall not take effect until after a new election has been held. 

Art. 113. In case of either temporary or permanent absence of the 
alcalde, his official duties shall be discharged by the president of the 
municipal council. 

Should such absence be permanent, such substitution shall continue 
for the term for which the alcalde may have been elected. 

TITLE XIII. 

THE NATIONAI. TREASURE. 

Art. 114. All property existing within the territory of the Eepub- 
lic not belonging to Provinces or nmnicipalities or to individuals, 
separately or collectively, is the property of the State. 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 533 

TITLE XIV. 
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 

Art. 115. The constitution shall not be amended, in whole or in 
part, except by a resolution adopted by two-thirds of the total number 
of members of each colegislative body. 

Six months after an amendment has been agreed upon, a constitu- 
tional convention shall be convened, the duties whereof shall be 
limited to either approving or rejecting the amendment voted by the 
colegislative bodies, which latter shall continue in the performance 
of their duties with absolute independence of the convention. 

Delegates to the said convention shall be elected by each Province 
in the proportion- of one for every fifty thousand inhabitants and in 
the manner that may be provided by law. 

TRANSITORY RULES. 

First. The Republic of Cuba does not recognize any other debts 
and obligations than those legitimately contracted in behalf of the 
revolution by the corps commanders of the liberating army subse- 
quent to the twenty-fourth day of February, 1895, and prior to the 
nineteenth day of September of the same year, the date on which the 
Jimaguayu constitution was promulgated, and such debts and obliga- 
tions as the revolutionary government may have contracted subse- 
quently, either by itself or through its legitimate representatives in 
foreign countries. Congress shall classify said debts and obligations 
and decide as to the payment of those that may be legitimate. 

Second. Persons born in Cuba, or children of native-born Cubans, 
who, at the time of the promulgation of this constitution, might be 
citizens of any foreign nation shall not enjoy the rights of Cuban 
nationality without first and expressly renouncing their said foreign 
citizenship. 

Third. The period of time which foreigners may have served in the 
wars of independence of Cuba shall be computed as within that 
required for the naturalization and residence necessary to acquire the 
right granted to naturalized citizens in article 49. 

Fourth. The basis of population which is established in relation to 
^the election of representatives and delegates to the constitutional 
convention in articles 48 and 115 may be changed by law whenever, 
in the judgment of Congress, it should become necessary through the 
increase of the number of inhabitants, as may be shown by the census 
which may be periodically taken. 

Fifth. Senators, at the time of the first organization of the Senate, 
shall divide into two groups for the purpose of determining their 
respective tenures of office. 



534 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 

Those comprising the first group shall cease in their duties at the 
expiration of the fourth year, and those comprising the second group 
at the expiration of the eighth year. It shall be decided by lot which 
of the two senators from each Province shall belong to either group. 

The law will provide the procedure for the formation of the two 
groups into which the House of Representatives shall be divided for 
the purpose of its partial renewal. 

Sixth. Ninety days after the promulgation of the electoral law, 
which shall be prepared and adopted by the constitutional conven- 
tion, the election of public officers provided for by the constitution 
shall be proceeded with, for the transfer of the Government of Cuba 
to those elected, in conformity with the provisions of Order No. 301 
of Headquarters Division of Cuba, dated July 25, 1900. 

Seventh. All laws, decrees, regulations, orders, and other rulings 
which may be in force at the time of the promulgation of this consti- 
tution shall continue to be observed, in so far as they do not conflict 
with the said constitution, until such time as they may be legally 
revoked or amended. 

APPENDIX. 

Article I. The Government of Cuba shall never enter into any 
treaty or other compact with any foreign power or powers which will 
impair or tend to impair the independence of Cuba, nor in any way 
authorize or permit any foreign power or powers to obtain by colo- 
nization or for naval or military purposes, or otherwise, lodgment 
or control over any portion of said island. 

Art. II. That said Government shall not assume or contract any 
public debt to pay the interest upon which, and to make reasonable 
sinking-fund provision for the ultimate discharge of which, the ordi- 
nary revenues of the island of Cuba, after defraying the current 
expenses of the Government, shall be inadequate. 

Art. III. That the Government of Cuba consents that the United 
vStates may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of 
Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for 
the protection of life, property, and individual liberty, and for dis- 
charging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the treaty 
of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by 
the Government of Cuba. 

Art. IV. That all the acts of the United States in Cuba during the 
military occuj^ancy of said island shall be ratified and held as valid, 
and all rights legally acquired by virtue of said acts shall be main- 
tained and protected. 

Art. V. That the Government of Cuba will execute, and, as far as 
necessary, extend the plans already devised, or other plans to be mutu- 



HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 535 

ally agreed upon, for the sanitation of the cities of the island, to the 
end that a recurrence of epidemic and infectious diseases may be pre- 
vented, thereby assuring protection to the people and commerce of 
Cuba, as well as to the commerce of the southern ports of the United 
States and the people residing therein. 

Art. VI. The island of Pines shall be omitted from the boundaries 
of Cuba specified in the constitution, the title of ownership thereof 
being left to future adjustment by treaty. 

Art. VII. To enable the United States to maintain the independ- 
ence of Cuba, and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own 
defence, the Cuban Government will sell or lease to the United States 
the lands necessary for coaling or naval stations, at certain specified 
points, to be agreed upon with the President of the United States. 

Art. VIII. The Government of Cuba will embody the foregoing 
provisions in a permanent treaty with the United States. 



IISTDEX. 



Page. 

Acreage of crops 102 

Agents 24, 26, 30 

Agriculture 65 

Acquisition of land 66 

Areas under cultivation 67 

Cocoa 99 

Coffee ' 97 

Corn ' 88 

Cotton 94 

Cultivation 68 

Farms, size of 102 

Values 66, 314 

Henequen 95 

Honey I34 

Lands 66 

Sales , 70 

Malangas 91 

Potatoes 89 

Public lands 71 

Ramie 95 

Rice 89 

Sugar 73, 128 

Cane 85 

Estates 127 

Sweet potatoes 89 

Tobacco 81, 86 

Truck gardens 101 

Vegetables 102 

Yams 90 

Aguardiente 80 

Alligator pears 103 

Alcohol 128 

Animal products I33 

Area \ 5 

Army 9 

Payment of 237 

Asbestos mines II3 

Asphaltmines 113, 122, 125 

Attorneys 24 

-Baijanas 91 

Banes, city 61 

Banks - . - 231 

Checks 29 

Baracoa, cit}^ 60 

Bee culture I33 

Beeswax 134 

Beef cattle 108 

Bibliography 315 

Bills of exchange 24 

Bills of lading. 25 

Books relating to, list of ' 315 

Bonds 241 

Boots 150 

537 



538 INDEX. 



Breweries 132 

Brokers 26 

Camaguey Province 55 

Caoutchouc 100 

Capacity, measures of 310 

Cartography 447 

Cattle J05, 110 

Importations 109 

Checks 29 

Chinese immigration 263 

Chocolate 132 

Cities, population of 13 

Citizenship 21 

Civil engineers, foreign 312 

Claims, assignments of 24 

Climate 10 

Coal mines 113 

Cocoa 99 

Cocoanut 101 

Coffee 97 

Coinage 230 

Commerce 135, 154 

Commercial laws 23 

Commission merchants 30 

Common carriers T 26 

Congress 17 

Constitution 513 

Constitutional guarantees 19 

Contracts 29 

Copper mines 113, 1 20, 126 

Copyrights 280, 283 

Corn ■ 88 

Corporations, foreign 31 

Cotton 94 

Courts 18 

Cultivation of land 68 

Custard apple . : 103 

Customs laws 168, 190 

Changes in 176 

Duty on live stcx-k 105 

Index to 223 

Eegulations 176 

Surtaxes 180 

Drafts 24 

Dynamite imports 188 

Education 274 

History of _ .' 267 

Engineers, foreign 312 

Epidemics 15 

Executive 18 

Expenditures 235 

Exports 139, 143 

By countries 149, 156, 160 

By ports 144 

Of fruits 145 

Factors 30 

Farms, size of 102 

Fauna 9 

Figs 103 

Finances 234 

Fisheries 133 

Flora 9 

Food imports 165 

Foreign corporations 31 

Foreign engineers 312 

Foreign insurance companies 313 



INDEX. 539 

Page. 

Forests „ 71 

Fruits 102 

Alligator pear,s 103 

Bananas 91 

Caimito „ 103 

Cocoanuts 101 

Custard apples 103 

Figs 103 

Granadilla 103 

Guanabana 103 

Guavas ___ 103 

Limas 104 

Limes 104 

Mammee 104 

Mamoncilloes 104 

Mangoes 104 

Oranges 93 

Paw paws '. 104 

Pineapijles 92 

Plums 104 

Geology -. 8 

Gold mines 113 

Government 17 

Expenses 235 

Graphite mines 113 

Gunpowder imports : 188 

Habana, city 39 

Province 50 

Heniquen 95 

Manufacture , 130 

Highways 252 

Honey 134 

Hurricanes 11 

Hydrography 8 

Immigration 258 

By countries 259 

By ports 260 

Laws regulating 261 

Imports 136, 139 

By countries 148, 156, 160 

By ports 144 

Food 165 

Manufactured articles 163 

Prohibited articles 188 

India rubber 100 

Indian corn 88 

Insurance companies, foreign 313 

Interest 33 

Iron millet - - 113, 116, 126 

Judicial po'v^^e*^ 18 

Lands , 66 

Cultivati^ - 68 

Lead mines 113 

Legislature 1^ 

Lengua de vaca 96 

Lime 124 

Limes 103 

Limitation of actions 31 

Limited partnerships 32 

Live stock 105 

Duty on '. 105 

Loans 33 

For payment of armv 237 

Mail lines ' 255 

Maize 88 

Malangas 91 



540 INDEX. 

Page. 

Manganese mines 113, 118, 126' 

Manufacturing 127 

Maps of Cuba, list of 447 

Marble 125 

Married women 34 

Matanzas, province 53 

Measures of capacity, etc 309 

Mineral concessions 114 

Mining laws 113, 126 

Mines 113, 115 

Molasses 79 

Money 230 

Money orders 254 

Mortality 16 

Mountain systems 6 

Naphtha 126 

Navigation 146 

;^ame 90 

Oranges 93 

Oriente, province 56 

Orography 6 

Oxide of lead mines 113 

Partnership 34 

Limited 32 

Pasa de Negro 96 

Patents •. 280 

American 305 

Foreign 306 

Laws 284, 303 

Petroleum 132 

Trade regulations 189 

Pineapples .' ^ 92 

Pinar del Rio, province 49 

Population 11 

Cities 13 

Provinces 12, 48 

Postal service 253 

Mail lines 255 

Money orders 254 

Potatoes - 89 

President 18 

Provinces, area and population 12, 48 

Government 19 

PubUc lands 71 

Puerto Principe, province {see Camaguey ) 55 

Races, census of 13 

Railroads 243 

Freight , 26 

Rainfall 11 

Ramie 95 

Real estate values 314 

Encumbrances 314 

Reciprocity convention 168 

Rfciigion 38 

Revenues 235 

Rice 89 

Right of suffrage 21 

Rivers 8 

Rubber 100 

Rum 80 

Sales 35 

Land .• - 70 

Salt mines 1 25 

Sanitary regulations 15 

Santa Clara province 54 

Santiago, city 58 

Province ( see Oriente) 56 

LBAp'06 



INDEX. 541 

Page. 

Senate 17 

Shipping regulations 152 

Shoes - 150 

Snake skin 96 

Soap manufacture ' 132 

Statute of limitations 31 

Steamships 256 

Stock raising •. . 105 

Stocks, value of 241 

Stone 124 

Sugar 73, 128 

Cane 85 

Estates 127 

Surplus, treasury 234 

Surtaxes 180 

Sweet potatoes 89 

Tare 1 85 

Tariff laws 168,190 

Changes 176 

Index 223 

Surtaxes , 180 

Regulations 1 76 

Textile manufacture 130 

Tobacco - - - 81, 86 

Manufacture 129 

Topography 5 

Trade-marks 280 

Law 292, 303 

Treasury surplus , 234 

Treaties 314 

Truck gardens. 101 

United States, commerce with 136, 147, 154 

Eeciprocity convention , 168 

Vegetables 102 

Vendor's lien , 36 

Vital statistics 14 

Warehouse receipts 37 

Water power 313 

Weights 309 

Winds 11 

Yams 90 

Yellow fever 16 

Yuca - 90 

Zinc mines 113 



o 



6 



JL D 



80 



/ J" % -y^l^/ y %^ --^P,* j^^ "^^ ^ySF: 














0^ ^',*.^' ^:> v^ 






















^^^^-^^ 







J^ 



^^/^•^\/ "o^'-^^*'/' 'V^"^\^^'^ 









>^^. 



■^0 



^s^ CT V"9 

ilM!^ N. MANCHESTER, 






^^•n^. V 



